1. Duncan I MacCrinan, King of Scots,1 son of Crinan "the Thane" , Lay Abbot of Dunkeld, Governor of Scots Islands and Bethóc, died on 14 Aug 1040 in [near Elgin].
Death Notes: Murdered by Macbeth near Elgin, 14 Aug. 1040.
Research Notes: Source: Also familysearch.org (Kevin Bradford)
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, line 170-20.
"He besieged Durham, 1035. '1034. Duncan, the son of Crinan, abbot of Dunkeld, and Bethoc, daughter of Malcolm, the son of Kenneth, reigned six years.' This source believes the unbroken succession of the kings of the Scots from Fergus to Malcolm II is "soundly and convincingly authenticated."
Noted events in his life were:
• Crowned: King of Scots, 1034. King of Scots 1034-1040.
Duncan married < > , [Daughter of Siward, Danish Earl of Northumbria].2
The child from this marriage was:
+ 2 M i. Malcolm III Canmore, King of Scots 3 4 was born about 1031 and died on 13 Nov 1093 in Alnwick Castle, Alnwick, Northumberland, England about age 62.
Second Generation 
2. Malcolm III Canmore, King of Scots 3 4 (Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1031 and died on 13 Nov 1093 in Alnwick Castle, Alnwick, Northumberland, England about age 62.
Death Notes: Slain while besieging Alnwick Castle.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Malcolm III of Scotland :
Máel Coluim mac Donnchada (Modern Gaelic : Maol Chaluim mac Dhonnchaidh),[1] called in most Anglicised regnal lists Malcolm III, and in later centuries nicknamed Canmore, "Big Head"[2][3] or Long-neck [4] (died 13 November 1093), was King of Scots . It has also been argued recently that the real "Malcolm Canmore" was this Malcolm's great-grandson Malcolm IV , who is given this name in the contemporary notice of his death.[5] He was the eldest son of King Duncan I (Donnchad mac Crínáin). Malcolm's long reign, lasting 35 years, preceded the beginning of the Scoto-Norman age.
Malcolm's Kingdom did not extend over the full territory of modern Scotland : the north and west of Scotland remained in Scandinavian , Norse-Gael and Gaelic control, and the areas under the control of the Kings of Scots would not advance much beyond the limits set by Malcolm II (Máel Coluim mac Cináeda) until the 12th century. Malcolm III fought a succession of wars against the Kingdom of England , which may have had as their goal the conquest of the English earldom of Northumbria . However, these wars did not result in any significant advances southwards. Malcolm's main achievement is to have continued a line which would rule Scotland for many years,[6] although his role as "founder of a dynasty" has more to do with the propaganda of his youngest son David, and his descendants, than with any historical reality.[7]
Malcolm's second wife, Saint Margaret of Scotland , was later beatified and is Scotland's only royal saint. However, Malcolm himself gained no reputation for piety. With the notable exception of Dunfermline Abbey he is not definitely associated with major religious establishments or ecclesiastical reforms.
Background
Malcolm's father Duncan I (Donnchad mac Crínáin) became king in late 1034, on the death of Malcolm II (Máel Coluim mac Cináeda), Duncan's maternal grandfather. According to John of Fordun , whose account is the original source of part at least of William Shakespeare 's Macbeth , Malcolm's mother was a niece of Siward, Earl of Northumbria ,[8][9] but an earlier king-list gives her the Gaelic name Suthen.[10]
Duncan's reign was not successful and he was killed by Macbeth (Mac Bethad mac Findlaích) on 15 August 1040. Although Shakespeare's Macbeth presents Malcolm as a grown man and his father as an old one, it appears that Duncan was still young in 1040,[11] and Malcolm and his brother Donalbane (Domnall Bán) were children.[12] Malcolm's family did attempt to overthrow Macbeth in 1045, but Malcolm's grandfather Crínán of Dunkeld was killed in the attempt.[13]
Soon after the death of Duncan his two young sons were sent away for greater safety - exactly where is the subject of debate. According to one version, Malcolm (then aged about 9) was sent to England, and his younger brother Donalbane was sent to the Isles.[14][15] Based on Fordun's account, it was assumed that Malcolm passed most of Macbeth's seventeen year reign in the Kingdom of England at the court of Edward the Confessor .[16][17]
According to an alternative version, Malcolm's mother took both sons into exile at the court of Thorfinn Sigurdsson , Earl of Orkney , an enemy of Macbeth's family, and perhaps Duncan's kinsman by marriage.[18]
An English invasion in 1054, with Earl Siward in command, had as its goal the installation of Máel Coluim , "son of the King of the Cumbrians (i.e. of Strathclyde )". This Máel Coluim, perhaps a son of Owen the Bald , disappears from history after this brief mention. He has been confused with King Malcolm III.[19][20] In 1057 various chroniclers report the death of Macbeth at Malcolm's hand, on 15 August 1057 at Lumphanan in Aberdeenshire .[21][22] Macbeth was succeeded by his stepson Lulach , who was crowned at Scone , probably on 8 September 1057. Lulach was killed by Malcolm, "by treachery",[23] near Huntly on 23 April 1058. After this, Malcolm became king, perhaps being inaugurated on 25 April 1058, although only John of Fordun reports this.[24]
Malcolm and Ingibiorg
If Orderic Vitalis is to be relied upon, one of Malcolm's earliest actions as King may have been to travel south to the court of Edward the Confessor in 1059 to arrange a marriage with Edward's kinswoman Margaret , who had arrived in England two years before from Hungary .[25] If he did visit the English court, he was the first reigning King of Scots to do so in more than eighty years. If a marriage agreement was made in 1059, however, it was not kept, and this may explain the Scots invasion of Northumbria in 1061 when Lindisfarne was plundered.[26] Equally, Malcolm's raids in Northumbria may have been related to the disputed "Kingdom of the Cumbrians", reestablished by Earl Siward in 1054, which was under Malcolm's control by 1070.[27]
The Orkneyinga saga reports that Malcolm married the widow of Thorfinn Sigurdsson, Ingibiorg , a daughter of Finn Arnesson .[28] Although Ingibiorg is generally assumed to have died shortly before 1070, it is possible that she died much earlier, around 1058.[29] The Orkneyinga Saga records that Malcolm and Ingibiorg had a son, Duncan II (Donnchad mac Maíl Coluim), who was later king.[4] Some Medieval commentators, following William of Malmesbury , claimed that Duncan was illegitimate, but this claim is propaganda reflecting the need of Malcolm's descendants by Margaret to undermine the claims of Duncan's descendants, the Meic Uilleim .[30] Malcolm's son Domnall, whose death is reported in 1085, is not mentioned by the author of the Orkneyinga Saga. He is assumed to have been born to Ingibiorg.[31]
Malcolm's marriage to Ingibiorg secured him peace in the north and west. The Heimskringla tells that her father Finn had been an adviser to Harald Hardraade and, after falling out with Harald, was then made an Earl by Sweyn Estridsson , King of Denmark , which may have been another recommendation for the match.[32] Malcolm enjoyed a peaceful relationship with the Earldom of Orkney , ruled jointly by his stepsons, Paul and Erlend Thorfinnsson . The Orkneyinga Saga reports strife with Norway but this is probably misplaced as it associates this with Magnus Barefoot , who became king of Norway only in 1093, the year of Malcolm's death.[33]
Malcolm and Margaret
Although he had given sanctuary to Tostig Godwinson when the Northumbrians drove him out, Malcolm was not directly involved in the ill-fated invasion of England by Harald Hardraade and Tostig in 1066, which ended in defeat and death at the battle of Stamford Bridge .[34] In 1068, he granted asylum to a group of English exiles fleeing from William of Normandy , among them Agatha , widow of Edward the Confessor's nephew Edward the Exile , and her children: Edgar Ætheling and his sisters Margaret and Cristina . They were accompanied by Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria . The exiles were disappointed, however, if they had expected immediate assistance from the Scots.[35]
In 1069 the exiles returned to England, to join a spreading revolt in the north. Even though Gospatric and Siward's son Waltheof submitted by the end of the year, the arrival of a Danish army under Sweyn Estridsson seemed to ensure that William's position remained weak. Malcolm decided on war, and took his army south into Cumbria and across the Pennines , wasting Teesdale and Cleveland then marching north, loaded with loot, to Wearmouth . There Malcolm met Edgar and his family, who were invited to return with him, but did not. As Sweyn had by now been bought off with a large Danegeld , Malcolm took his army home. In reprisal, William sent Gospatric to raid Scotland through Cumbria. In return, the Scots fleet raided the Northumbrian coast where Gospatric's possessions were concentrated.[36] Late in the year, perhaps shipwrecked on their way to a European exile, Edgar and his family again arrived in Scotland, this time to remain. By the end of 1070, Malcolm had married Edgar's sister Margaret, the future Saint Margaret of Scotland .[37]
The naming of their children represented a break with the traditional Scots Regal names such as Malcolm, Cináed and Áed. The point of naming Margaret's sons, Edward after her father Edward the Exile , Edmund for her grandfather Edmund Ironside , Ethelred for her great-grandfather Ethelred the Unready and Edgar for her great-great-grandfather Edgar was unlikely to be missed in England, where William of Normandy's grasp on power was far from secure.[38] Whether the adoption of the classical Alexander for the future Alexander I of Scotland (either for Pope Alexander II or for Alexander the Great ) and the biblical David for the future David I of Scotland represented a recognition that William of Normandy would not be easily removed, or was due to the repetition of Anglo-Saxon Royal name-another Edmund had preceded Edgar-is not known.[39] Margaret also gave Malcolm two daughters, Edith , who married Henry I of England , and Mary, who married Eustace III of Boulogne .
In 1072, with the Harrying of the North completed and his position again secure, William of Normandy came north with an army and a fleet. Malcolm met William at Abernethy and, in the words of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle "became his man" and handed over his eldest son Duncan as a hostage and arranged peace between William and Edgar.[40] Accepting the overlordship of the king of the English was no novelty, previous kings had done so without result. The same was true of Malcolm; his agreement with the English king was followed by further raids into Northumbria, which led to further trouble in the earldom and the killing of Bishop William Walcher at Gateshead . In 1080, William sent his son Robert Curthose north with an army while his brother Odo punished the Northumbrians. Malcolm again made peace, and this time kept it for over a decade.[41]
Malcolm faced little recorded internal opposition, with the exception of Lulach's son Máel Snechtai . In an unusual entry, for the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle contains little on Scotland, it says that in 1078:
" Malcholom [Máel Coluim] seized the mother of Mælslæhtan [Máel Snechtai] ... and all his treasures, and his cattle; and he himself escaped with difficulty.[42] " Whatever provoked this strife, Máel Snechtai survived until 1085.[43]
Malcolm and William Rufus
When William Rufus became king of England after his father's death, Malcolm did not intervene in the rebellions by supporters of Robert Curthose which followed. In 1091, however, William Rufus confiscated Edgar Ætheling's lands in England, and Edgar fled north to Scotland. In May, Malcolm marched south, not to raid and take slaves and plunder, but to besiege Newcastle , built by Robert Curthose in 1080. This appears to have been an attempt to advance the frontier south from the River Tweed to the River Tees . The threat was enough to bring the English king back from Normandy , where he had been fighting Robert Curthose. In September, learning of William Rufus's approaching army, Malcolm withdrew north and the English followed. Unlike in 1072, Malcolm was prepared to fight, but a peace was arranged by Edgar Ætheling and Robert Curthose whereby Malcolm again acknowledged the overlordship of the English king.[44]
In 1092, the peace began to break down. Based on the idea that the Scots controlled much of modern Cumbria , it had been supposed that William Rufus's new castle at Carlisle and his settlement of English peasants in the surrounds was the cause. However, it is unlikely that Malcolm did control Cumbria, and the dispute instead concerned the estates granted to Malcolm by William Rufus's father in 1072 for his maintenance when visiting England. Malcolm sent messengers to discuss the question and William Rufus agreed to a meeting. Malcolm travelled south to Gloucester , stopping at Wilton Abbey to visit his daughter Edith and sister-in-law Cristina. Malcolm arrived there on 24 August 1093 to find that William Rufus refused to negotiate, insisting that the dispute be judged by the English barons. This Malcolm refused to accept, and returned immediately to Scotland.[45]
It does not appear that William Rufus intended to provoke a war,[46] but, as the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle reports, war came:
" For this reason therefore they parted with great dissatisfaction, and the King Malcolm returned to Scotland. And soon after he came home, he gathered his army, and came harrowing into England with more hostility than behoved him ... " Malcolm was accompanied by Edward, his eldest son by Margaret and probable heir-designate (or tánaiste), and by Edgar.[47] Even by the standards of the time, the ravaging of Northumbria by the Scots was seen as harsh.[48]
Death
While marching north again, Malcolm was ambushed by Robert de Mowbray , Earl of Northumbria, whose lands he had devastated, near Alnwick on 13 November 1093. There he was killed by Arkil Morel, steward of Bamburgh Castle . The conflict became known as the Battle of Alnwick .[49] Edward was mortally wounded in the same fight. Margaret, it is said, died soon after receiving the news of their deaths from Edgar.[50] The Annals of Ulster say:
" Mael Coluim son of Donnchad, over-king of Scotland, and Edward his son, were killed by the French i.e. in Inber Alda in England. His queen, Margaret, moreover, died of sorrow for him within nine days.[51] " Malcolm's body was taken to Tynemouth Priory for burial, where it remains to this day. A body of a local farmer was sent north for burial in Dunfermline Abbey in the reign of his son Alexander or perhaps on Iona .[52]
On 19 June 1250, following the canonisation of Malcolm's wife Margaret by Pope Innocent IV , Margaret's remains were disinterred and placed in a reliquary. Tradition has it that as the reliquary was carried to the high altar of Dunfermline Abbey , past Malcolm's grave, it became too heavy to move. As a result, Malcolm's remains were also disinterred, and buried next to Margaret beside the altar.[53]
Issue
Malcolm and Ingebjorg had a son:
Duncan II of Scotland , suceeded his father as King of Scotland
Malcolm and Margaret had eight children, six sons and two daughters:
Edward, killed 1093.
Edmund of Scotland
Ethelred , abbot of Dunkeld
King Edgar of Scotland
King Alexander I of Scotland
King David I of Scotland
Edith of Scotland , also called Matilda, married King Henry I of England
Mary of Scotland , married Eustace III of Boulogne
Noted events in his life were:
• Crowned: King of Scots, 17 Mar 1057 or 1058, Scone, (Perth and Kinross), Scotland. King of Scots 1058-1093
Malcolm married Ingibiorg.5
The child from this marriage was:
+ 3 M i. Duncan II King of Scots 6 was born about 1060 and died on 12 Nov 1094 about age 34.
Malcolm next married Saint Margaret , of Scotland 7 8 1068 or 1069 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. Margaret was born in 1045 in Castle Réka, Mecseknádasd, Southern Transdanubia, Hungary, died on 16 Nov 1093 in St Margaret's Chapel in Edinburgh Castle, Midlothian, Scotland at age 48, and was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland.
Marriage Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, line 170-21 (Malcolm III Canmore) has m. 1068/9 in Dunfermline. St. Margaret was Malcolm's 2nd wife.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 4 F i. Matilda of Scotland was born in 1079 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland and died on 1 May 1118 in Westminster Palace, London, England at age 39.
+ 5 M ii. David I "The Saint" King of Scots 9 10 was born about 1083, died on 24 May 1153 in Carlisle about age 70, and was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland.
+ 6 F iii. Mary of Scotland 11 died on 18 Apr 1118.
Third Generation 3. Duncan II King of Scots 6 (Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1060 and died on 12 Nov 1094 about age 34.
Noted events in his life were:
4. Matilda of Scotland (Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1079 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland and died on 1 May 1118 in Westminster Palace, London, England at age 39.
Birth Notes: Place name may be Dermfermline.
Research Notes: Source: Also familysearch.org (Kevin Bradford)
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 1-22
From Wikipedia - Matilda of Scotland :
Matilda of Scotland[1] (born Edith; c. 1080 - 1 May 1118) was the first wife and queen consort of Henry I .
Matilda was born around 1080 in Dunfermline , the daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland and Saint Margaret . She was christened Edith, and Robert Curthose stood as godfather at her christening - the English queen Matilda of Flanders was also present at the font and may have been her godmother.
When she was about six years old, Matilda (or Edith as she was then probably still called) and her sister Mary were sent to Romsey , where their aunt Cristina was abbess. During her stay at Romsey and Wilton , The Scottish princess was much sought-after as a bride; she turned down proposals from both William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey , and Alan Rufus , Lord of Richmond. Hermann of Tournai even claims that William II Rufus considered marrying her. She was out of the monastery by 1093, when Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, wrote to the Bishop of Salisbury ordering that the daughter of the king of Scotland be returned to the monastery that she had left.
After the death of William II Rufus in August 1100, his brother Henry quickly seized the royal treasury and the royal crown. His next task was to marry, and Henry's choice fell on Matilda. Because Matilda had spent most of her life in a nunnery, there was some controversy over whether or not she had been veiled as a nun and would thus be ineligible for marriage. Henry sought permission for the marriage from Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury , who returned to England in September 1100 after a long exile. Professing himself unwilling to decide so weighty a matter on his own, Anselm called a council of bishops in order to determine the legality of the proposed marriage. Matilda testified to the archbishop and the assembled bishops of the realm that she had never taken holy vows. She insisted that her parents had sent her and her sister to England for educational purposes, and that her aunt Cristina had veiled her only to protect her "from the lust of the Normans ." Matilda claimed she had pulled the veil off and stamped on it, and her aunt beat and scolded her most horribly for this. The council concluded that Matilda had never been a nun, nor had her parents intended that she become one, and gave their permission for the marriage.
Matilda and Henry seem to have known one another for some time before their marriage - William of Malmesbury states that Henry had "long been attached" to her, and Orderic Vitalis says that Henry had "long adored" Edith's character. Through her mother she was descended from Edmund Ironside and thus Alfred the Great and the old line of the kings of Wessex; this was very important as Henry wanted to help make himself more popular with the English people and Matilda represented the old English dynasty. In their children the Norman and Anglo-Saxon dynasties would be united. Another benefit of the marriage was that England and Scotland became politically closer; three of her brothers served as kings of Scotland and were unusually friendly to England during this period.
After Matilda and Henry were married on 11 November 1100 at Westminster Abbey by Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury , she was crowned as "Matilda", a fashionable Norman name. She gave birth to a daughter, Matilda, in February 1102, and a son, William, in November 1103. As queen, she maintained her court primarily at Westminster , but accompanied her husband in his travels all across England, and, circa 1106-1107, probably visited Normandy with him. She also served in a vice-regal capacity when Henry was away from court. Her court was filled with musicians and poets; she commissioned a monk, probably Thurgot , to write a biography of her mother, Saint Margaret . She was an active queen, and like her mother was renowned for her devotion to religion and the poor. William of Malmesbury describes her as attending church barefoot at Lent , and washing the feet and kissing the hands of the sick. She also administered extensive dower properties and was known as a patron of the arts, especially music.
After Matilda died on 1 May 1118 at Westminster Palace , she was buried at Westminster Abbey . The death of her only son and Henry's failure to produce a legitimate son from his second marriage led to the succession crisis of The Anarchy .
Matilda married Henry I "Beauclerc" , King of England 12 13 on 11 Nov 1100 in Westminster Abbey, London, Midlesex, England. Henry was born between May 1068 and May 1069 in <Selby, Yorkshire>, England and died on 1 Dec 1135 in St. Denis-le-Fermont, France.
Birth Notes: Ancestral Roots line 124-25 has b. 1070.
Noted events in his life were:
• King of England: 1100-1135.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 7 F i. EmpressMatilda Countess of Anjou 14 15 was born about 7 Feb 1102 and died on 10 Sep 1167 about age 65.
+ 8 M ii. William Adelin, Duke of Normandy 16 was born in 1103 and died on 25 Nov 1120 at age 17.
Matilda next married someone on 11 Nov 1100.
5. David I "The Saint" King of Scots 9 10 (Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1083, died on 24 May 1153 in Carlisle about age 70, and was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - David I of Scotland :
David I or Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim (Modern : Daibhidh I mac [Mhaoil] Chaluim;[1] 1083 x 1085 - 24 May 1153) was a 12th-century ruler who was Prince of the Cumbrians (1113-1124) and later King of the Scots (1124-1153). The youngest son of Malcolm III and Margaret , David spent most of his childhood in Scotland , but was exiled to England temporarily in 1093. Perhaps after 1100, he became a dependent at the court of King Henry I . There he was influenced by the Norman and Anglo-French culture of the court.
When David's brother Alexander I of Scotland died in 1124, David chose, with the backing of Henry I, to take the Kingdom of Scotland (Alba ) for himself. He was forced to engage in warfare against his rival and nephew, Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair . Subduing the latter seems to have taken David ten years, a struggle that involved the destruction of Óengus , Mormaer of Moray . David's victory allowed expansion of control over more distant regions theoretically part of his Kingdom. After the death of his former patron Henry I, David supported the claims of Henry's daughter and his own niece, the former Empress-consort, Matilda , to the throne of England. In the process, he came into conflict with King Stephen and was able to expand his power in northern England, despite his defeat at the Battle of the Standard in 1138.
The term "Davidian Revolution " is used by many scholars to summarise the changes which took place in the Kingdom of Scotland during his reign. These included his foundation of burghs , implementation of the ideals of Gregorian Reform , foundation of monasteries , Normanisation of the Scottish government, and the introduction of feudalism through immigrant French and Anglo-French knights.
Childhood and flight to England
David was born at an unknown point between 1083 and 1085.[2] He was probably the eighth son of King Malcolm III , and certainly the sixth and youngest produced by Malcolm's second marriage to Queen Margaret .[3]
In 1093 King Malcolm and David's brother Edward were killed at the river Aln during an invasion of Northumberland .[4] David and his two brothers Alexander and Edgar , both future kings of Scotland, were probably present when their mother died shortly afterwards.[5] According to later medieval tradition, the three brothers were in Edinburgh when they were besieged by their uncle, Donald Bane .[6]
Donald became King of Scotland.[7] It is not certain what happened next, but an insertion in the Chronicle of Melrose states that Donald forced his three nephews into exile, although he was allied with another of his nephews, Edmund .[8] John of Fordun wrote, centuries later, that an escort into England was arranged for them by their maternal uncle Edgar Ætheling .[9]
Intervention of William Rufus and English exile
William Rufus , King of the English, opposed Donald's accession to the northerly kingdom. He sent the eldest son of Malcolm III, David's half-brother Donnchad , into Scotland with an army. Donnchad was killed within the year,[10] and so in 1097 William sent Donnchad's half-brother Edgar into Scotland. The latter was more successful, and was crowned King by the end of 1097.[11]
During the power struggle of 1093-97, David was in England. In 1093, was probably about nine years old.[12] From 1093 until 1103 David's presence cannot be accounted for in detail, but he appears to have been in Scotland for the remainder of the 1090s. When William Rufus was killed, his brother Henry Beauclerc seized power and married David's sister, Matilda . The marriage made David the brother-in-law of the ruler of England. From that point onwards, David was probably an important figure at the English court.[13] Despite his Gaelic background, by the end of his stay in England, David had become a full-fledged Normanised prince. William of Malmesbury wrote that it was in this period that David "rubbed off all tarnish of Scottish barbarity through being polished by intercourse and friendship with us".[14]
Prince of the Cumbrians, 1113-1124
David's time as Prince of the Cumbrians marks the beginning of his life as a great territorial lord. The year of these beginnings was probably 1113, when Henry I arranged David's marriage to Matilda, Countess of Huntingdon , who was the heiress to the Huntingdon-Northampton lordship. As her husband David used the title of Earl , and there was the prospect that David's children by her would inherit all the honours borne by Matilda's father Waltheof . 1113 is the year when David, for the first time, can be found in possession of territory in what is now Scotland.
Obtaining the inheritance
David's brother, King Edgar, had visited William Rufus in May 1099 and bequeathed to David extensive territory to the south of the river Forth .[15] On 8 January 1107, Edgar died. It has been assumed that David took control of his inheritance , the southern lands bequeathed by Edgar, soon after the latter's death.[16] However, it cannot be shown that he possessed his inheritance until his foundation of Selkirk Abbey late in 1113.[17] According to Richard Oram , it was only in 1113, when Henry returned to England from Normandy, that David was at last in a position to claim his inheritance in southern "Scotland".[18]
King Henry's backing seems to have been enough to force King Alexander to recognise his younger brother's claims. This probably occurred without bloodshed, but through threat of force nonetheless.[19] David's aggression seems to have inspired resentment amongst some native Scots. A Gaelic quatrain from this period complains that:
Olc a ndearna mac Mael Colaim, It's bad what Máel Coluim's son has done;, ar cosaid re hAlaxandir, dividing us from Alexander; do-ní le gach mac rígh romhaind, he causes, like each king's son before; foghail ar faras Albain. the plunder of stable Alba. [20] If "divided from" is anything to go by, this quatrain may have been written in David's new territories in southern "Scotland".[21]
The lands in question consisted of the pre-1975 counties of Roxburghshire , Selkirkshire , Berwickshire , Peeblesshire and Lanarkshire . David, moreover, gained the title princeps Cumbrensis, "Prince of the Cumbrians ", as attested in David's charters from this era.[22] Although this was a large slice of Scotland south of the river Forth, the region of Galloway-proper was entirely outside David's control.[23]
David may perhaps have had varying degrees of overlordship in parts of Dumfriesshire , Ayrshire , Dunbartonshire and Renfrewshire .[24] In the lands between Galloway and the Principality of Cumbria, David eventually set up large-scale marcher lordships, such as Annandale for Robert de Brus, Cunningham for Hugh de Morville, and possibly Strathgryfe for Walter Fitzalan .[25]
In England
In the later part of 1113, King Henry gave David the hand of Matilda of Huntingdon, daughter and heiress of Waltheof, Earl of Northumberland . The marriage brought with it the "Honour of Huntingdon", a lordship scattered through the shires of Northampton , Huntingdon , and Bedford ; within a few years, Matilda de Senlis bore a son, whom David named Henry after his patron.[26]
The new territories which David controlled were a valuable supplement to his income and manpower, increasing his status as one of the most powerful magnates in the Kingdom of the English. Moreover, Matilda's father Waltheof had been Earl of Northumberland , a defunct lordship which had covered the far north of England and included Cumberland and Westmorland , Northumberland -proper, as well as overlordship of the bishopric of Durham. After King Henry's death, David would revive the claim to this earldom for his son Henry.[27]
David's activities and whereabouts after 1114 are not always easy to trace. He spent much of his time outside his principality, in England and in Normandy. Despite the death of his sister on 1 May 1118, David still possessed the favour of King Henry when his brother Alexander died in 1124, leaving Scotland without a king.[28]
Political and military events in Scotland during David's kingship
Michael Lynch and Richard Oram portray David as having little initial connection with the culture and society of the Scots;[29] but both likewise argue that David became increasingly re-Gaelicised in the later stages of his reign.[30] Whatever the case, David's claim to be heir to the Scottish kingdom was doubtful. David was the youngest of eight sons of the fifth from last king. Two more recent kings had produced sons. William fitz Duncan , son of King Donnchad II, and Máel Coluim , son of the last king Alexander, both preceded David in terms of the slowly emerging principles of primogeniture . However, unlike David, neither William nor Máel Coluim had the support of Henry. So when Alexander died in 1124, the aristocracy of Scotland could either accept David as King, or face war with both David and Henry I.[31]
Coronation and struggle for the kingdom
Alexander's son Máel Coluim chose war. Orderic Vitalis reported that Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair "affected to snatch the kingdom from [David], and fought against him two sufficiently fierce battles; but David, who was loftier in understanding and in power and wealth, conquered him and his followers".[32] Máel Coluim escaped unharmed into areas of Scotland not yet under David's control, and in those areas gained shelter and aid.[33]
In either April or May of the same year David was crowned King of Scotland (Gaelic : rí(gh) Alban; Latin : rex Scottorum )[34] at Scone . If later Scottish and Irish evidence can be taken as evidence, the ceremony of coronation was a series of elaborate traditional rituals,[35] of the kind infamous in the Anglo-French world of the 12th century for their "unchristian" elements.[36] Ailred of Rievaulx, friend and one time member of David's court, reported that David "so abhorred those acts of homage which are offered by the Scottish nation in the manner of their fathers upon the recent promotion of their kings, that he was with difficulty compelled by the bishops to receive them".[37]
Outside his "Cumbrian" principality and the southern fringe of Scotland-proper, David exercised little power in the 1120s, and in the words of Richard Oram, was "king of Scots in little more than name".[38] He was probably in that part of Scotland he did rule for most of the time between late 1127 and 1130.[39] However, he was at the court of Henry in 1126 and in early 1127,[40] and returned to Henry's court in 1130, serving as a judge at Woodstock for the treason trial of Geoffrey de Clinton .[39] It was in this year that David's wife, Matilda of Huntingdon, died. Possibly as a result of this,[41] and while David was still in southern England,[42] Scotland-proper rose up in arms against him.
The instigator was, again, his nephew Máel Coluim, who now had the support of Óengus of Moray . King Óengus was David's most powerful "vassal", a man who, as grandson of King Lulach of Scotland , even had his own claim to the kingdom. The rebel Scots had advanced into Angus , where they were met by David's Mercian constable , Edward ; a battle took place at Stracathro near Brechin . According to the Annals of Ulster , 1000 of Edward's army, and 4000 of Óengus' army, including Óengus himself, died.[43]
According to Orderic Vitalis, Edward followed up the killing of Óengus by marching north into Moray itself, which, in Orderic's words, "lacked a defender and lord"; and so Edward, "with God's help obtained the entire duchy of that extensive district".[44] However, this was far from the end of it. Máel Coluim escaped, and four years of continuing "civil war" followed; for David this period was quite simply a "struggle for survival".[45]
It appears that David asked for and obtained extensive military aid from his patron, King Henry. Ailred of Rievaulx related that at this point a large fleet and a large army of Norman knights, including Walter l'Espec, were sent by Henry to Carlisle in order to assist David's attempt to root out his Scottish enemies.[46] The fleet seems to have been used in the Irish Sea , the Firth of Clyde and the entire Argyll coast, where Máel Coluim was probably at large among supporters. In 1134 Máel Coluim was captured and imprisoned in Roxburgh Castle .[47] Since modern historians no longer confuse him with Malcolm MacHeth , it is clear that nothing more is ever heard of Máel Coluim mac Alaxadair, except perhaps that his sons were later allied with Somerled .[48]
Pacification of the west and north
Richard Oram puts forward the suggestion that it was during this period that David granted Walter fitz Alan the kadrez of Strathgryfe , with northern Kyle and the area around Renfrew , forming what would become the "Stewart" lordship of Strathgryfe; he also suggests that Hugh de Morville may have gained the kadrez of Cunningham and the settlement of "Strathyrewen" (i.e. Irvine ). This would indicate that the 1130-34 campaign had resulted in the acquisition of these territories.[49]
How long it took to pacify Moray is not known, but in this period David appointed his nephew William fitz Duncan to succeed Óengus, perhaps in compensation for the exclusion from the succession to the Scottish throne caused by the coming of age of David's son Henry . William may have been given the daughter of Óengus in marriage, cementing his authority in the region. The burghs of Elgin and Forres may have been founded at this point, consolidating royal authority in Moray.[50] David also founded Urquhart Priory , possibly as a "victory monastery", and assigned to it a percentage of his cain (tribute) from Argyll.[51]
During this period too, a marriage was arranged between the son of Matad, Mormaer of Atholl , and the daughter of Haakon Paulsson , Earl of Orkney . The marriage temporarily secured the northern frontier of the Kingdom, and held out the prospect that a son of one of David's Mormaers could gain Orkney and Caithness for the Kingdom of Scotland. Thus, by the time Henry I died on 1 December 1135, David had more of Scotland under his control than ever before.[52]
Dominating the north
While fighting King Stephen and attempting to dominate northern England in the years following 1136, David was continuing his drive for control of the far north of Scotland. In 1139, his cousin, the five year old Harald Maddadsson , was given the title of "Earl" and half the lands of the earldom of Orkney , in addition to Scottish Caithness. Throughout the 1140s Caithness and Sutherland were brought back under the Scottish zone of control.[53] Sometime before 1146 David appointed a native Scot called Aindréas to be the first Bishop of Caithness , a bishopric which was based at Halkirk , near Thurso , in an area which was ethnically Scandinavian.[54]
In 1150, it looked like Caithness and the whole earldom of Orkney were going to come under permanent Scottish control. However, David's plans for the north soon began to encounter problems. In 1151, King Eystein II of Norway put a spanner in the works by sailing through the waterways of Orkney with a large fleet and catching the young Harald unawares in his residence at Thurso. Eystein forced Harald to pay fealty as a condition of his release. Later in the year David hastily responded by supporting the claims to the Orkney earldom of Harald's rival Erlend Haraldsson , granting him half of Caithness in opposition to Harald. King Eystein responded in turn by making a similar grant to this same Erlend, cancelling the effect of David's grant. David's weakness in Orkney was that the Norwegian kings were not prepared to stand back and let him reduce their power.[55]
England
David's relationship with England and the English crown in these years is usually interpreted in two ways. Firstly, his actions are understood in relation to his connections with the King of England. No historian is likely to deny that David's early career was largely manufactured by King Henry I of England. David was the latter's "greatest protégé",[56] one of Henry's "new men".[57] His hostility to Stephen can be interpreted as an effort to uphold the intended inheritance of Henry I, the succession of his daughter, Matilda , the former Empress of the Holy Roman Empire. David carried out his wars in her name, joined her when she arrived in England, and later knighted her son, the future Henry II .[58]
However, David's policy towards England can be interpreted in an additional way. David was the independence-loving king trying to build a "Scoto-Northumbrian" realm by seizing the most northerly parts of the English kingdom. In this perspective, David's support for Matilda is used as a pretext for land-grabbing. David's maternal descent from the House of Wessex and his son Henry's maternal descent from the English Earls of Northumberland is thought to have further encouraged such a project, a project which only came to an end after Henry II ordered David's child successor Máel Coluim IV to hand over the most important of David's gains. It is clear that neither one of these interpretations can be taken without some weight being given to the other.[59]
Usurpation of Stephen and First Treaty of Durham
Henry I had arranged his inheritance to pass to his daughter Empress Matilda . Instead, Stephen , younger brother of Theobald II, Count of Blois , seized the throne.[60] David had been the first lay person to take the oath to uphold the succession of Matilda in 1127, and when Stephen was crowned on 22 December 1135, David decided to make war.[61]
Before December was over, David marched into northern England, and by the end of January he had occupied the castles of Carlisle , Wark , Alnwick , Norham and Newcastle . By February David was at Durham, but an army led by King Stephen met him there. Rather than fight a pitched battle, a treaty was agreed whereby David would retain Carlisle, while David's son Henry was re-granted the title and half the lands of the earldom of Huntingdon, territory which had been confiscated during David's revolt. On Stephen's side he received back the other castles; and while David would do no homage, Stephen was to receive the homage of Henry for both Carlisle and the other English territories. Stephen also gave the rather worthless but for David face-saving promise that if he ever chose to resurrect the defunct earldom of Northumberland, Henry would be given first consideration. Importantly, the issue of Matilda was not mentioned. However, the first Durham treaty quickly broke down after David took insult at the treatment of his son Henry at Stephen's court.[62]
Renewal of war and Clitheroe
When the winter of 1136-37 was over, David again invaded England. The King of the Scots confronted a northern English army waiting for him at Newcastle. Once more pitched battle was avoided, and instead a truce was agreed until November. When November fell, David demanded that Stephen hand over the whole of the old earldom of Northumberland. Stephen's refusal led to David's third invasion, this time in January 1138.[63]
The army which invaded England in the January and February 1138 shocked the English chroniclers. Richard of Hexham called it "an execrable army, savager than any race of heathen yielding honour to neither God nor man" and that it "harried the whole province and slaughtered everywhere folk of either sex, of every age and condition, destroying, pillaging and burning the vills, churches and houses".[64] Several doubtful stories of cannibalism were recorded by chroniclers, and these same chroniclers paint a picture of routine enslavings, as well as killings of churchmen, women and infants.[65]
By February King Stephen marched north to deal with David. The two armies avoided each other, and Stephen was soon on the road south. In the summer David split his army into two forces, sending William fitz Duncan to march into Lancashire , where he harried Furness and Craven . On 10 June, William fitz Duncan met a force of knights and men-at-arms. A pitched battle took place, the battle of Clitheroe , and the English army was routed.[66]
Battle of the Standard and Second Treaty of Durham
By later July, 1138, the two Scottish armies had reunited in "St Cuthbert's land", that is, in the lands controlled by the Bishop of Durham , on the far side of the river Tyne . Another English army had mustered to meet the Scots, this time led by William, Earl of Aumale . The victory at Clitheroe was probably what inspired David to risk battle. David's force, apparently 26,000 strong and several times larger than the English army, met the English on 22 August at Cowdon Moor near Northallerton , North Yorkshire .[67]
The Battle of the Standard , as the encounter came to be called, was unsuccessful for the Scots. Afterwards, David and his surviving notables retired to Carlisle. Although the result was a defeat, it was not by any means decisive. David retained the bulk of his army and thus the power to go on the offensive again. The siege of Wark, for instance, which had been going on since January, continued until it was captured in November. David continued to occupy Cumberland as well as much of Northumberland .[68]
On 26 September Cardinal Alberic , Bishop of Ostia , arrived at Carlisle where David had called together his kingdom's nobles, abbots and bishops. Alberic was there to investigate the controversy over the issue of the Bishop of Glasgow's allegiance or non-allegiance to the Archbishop of York. Alberic played the role of peace-broker, and David agreed to a six week truce which excluded the siege of Wark. On 9 April David and Stephen's wife Matilda of Boulogne met each other at Durham and agreed a settlement. David's son Henry was given the earldom of Northumberland and was restored to the earldom of Huntingdon and lordship of Doncaster ; David himself was allowed to keep Carlisle and Cumberland. King Stephen was to retain possession of the strategically vital castles of Bamburgh and Newcastle. This effectively fulfilled all of David's war aims.[68]
Arrival of Matilda and the renewal of conflict
The settlement with Stephen was not set to last long. The arrival in England of the Empress Matilda gave David an opportunity to renew the conflict with Stephen. In either May or June, David travelled to the south of England and entered Matilda's company; he was present for her expected coronation at Westminster Abbey , though this never took place. David was there until September, when the Empress found herself surrounded at Winchester .[69]
This civil war, or "the Anarchy " as it was later called, enabled David to strengthen his own position in northern England. While David consolidated his hold on his own and his son's newly acquired lands, he also sought to expand his influence. The castles at Newcastle and Bamburgh were again brought under his control, and he attained dominion over all of England north-west of the river Ribble and Pennines , while holding the north-east as far south as the river Tyne, on the borders of the core territory of the bishopric of Durham. While his son brought all the senior barons of Northumberland into his entourage, David rebuilt the fortress of Carlisle. Carlisle quickly replaced Roxburgh as his favoured residence. David's acquisition of the mines at Alston on the South Tyne enabled him to begin minting the Kingdom of Scotland 's first silver coinage. David, meanwhile, issued charters to Shrewsbury Abbey in respect to their lands in Lancashire .[70]
Bishopric of Durham and the Archbishopric of York
However, David's successes were in many ways balanced by his failures. David's greatest disappointment during this time was his inability to ensure control of the bishopric of Durham and the archbishopric of York. David had attempted to appoint his chancellor, William Comyn, to the bishopric of Durham, which had been vacant since the death of Bishop Geoffrey Rufus in 1140. Between 1141 and 1143, Comyn was the de facto bishop, and had control of the bishop's castle; but he was resented by the chapter . Despite controlling the town of Durham, David's only hope of ensuring his election and consecration was gaining the support of the Papal legate, Henry of Blois , Bishop of Winchester and brother of King Stephen. Despite obtaining the support of the Empress Matilda, David was unsuccessful and had given up by the time William de St Barbara was elected to the see in 1143.[71]
David also attempted to interfere in the succession to the archbishopric of York. William FitzHerbert , nephew of King Stephen, found his position undermined by the collapsing political fortune of Stephen in the north of England, and was deposed by the Pope. David used his Cistercian connections to build a bond with Henry Murdac , the new archbishop. Despite the support of Pope Eugenius III , supporters of King Stephen and William FitzHerbert managed to prevent Henry taking up his post at York. In 1149, Henry had sought the support of David. David seized on the opportunity to bring the archdiocese under his control, and marched on the city. However, Stephen's supporters became aware of David's intentions, and informed King Stephen. Stephen therefore marched to the city and installed a new garrison. David decided not to risk such an engagement and withdrew.[72] Richard Oram has conjectured that David's ultimate aim was to bring the whole of the ancient kingdom of Northumbria into his dominion. For Oram, this event was the turning point, "the chance to radically redraw the political map of the British Isles lost forever".[73]
Scottish Church
Historical treatment of David I and the Scottish church usually emphasises David's pioneering role as the instrument of diocesan reorganisation and Norman penetration, beginning with the bishopric of Glasgow while David was Prince of the Cumbrians, and continuing further north after David acceded to the throne of Scotland. Focus too is usually given to his role as the defender of the Scottish church's independence from claims of overlordship by the Archbishop of York and the Archbishop of Canterbury .
Ecclesiastical disputes
One of the first problems David had to deal with as king was an ecclesiastical dispute with the English church. The problem with the English church concerned the subordination of Scottish sees to the archbishops of York and/or Canterbury, an issue which since his election in 1124 had prevented Robert of Scone from being consecrated to the see of St Andrews (Cell Ríghmonaidh). It is likely that since the 11th century the bishopric of St Andrews functioned as a de facto archbishopric. The title of "Archbishop" is accorded in Scottish and Irish sources to Bishop Giric [82] and Bishop Fothad II .[83]
The problem was that this archiepiscopal status had not been cleared with the papacy, opening the way for English archbishops to claim overlordship of the whole Scottish church. The man responsible was the new aggressively assertive Archbishop of York, Thurstan . His easiest target was the bishopric of Glasgow, which being south of the river Forth was not regarded as part of Scotland nor the jurisdiction of St Andrews. In 1125, Pope Honorius II wrote to John, Bishop of Glasgow ordering him to submit to the archbishopric of York.[84] David ordered Bishop John of Glasgow to travel to the Apostolic See in order to secure a pallium which would elevate the bishopric of St Andrews to an archbishopric with jurisdiction over Glasgow.[85]
Thurstan travelled to Rome, as did the Archbishop of Canterbury, William de Corbeil , and both presumably opposed David's request. David however gained the support of King Henry, and the Archbishop of York agreed to a year's postponement of the issue and to consecrate Robert of Scone without making an issue of subordination.[86] York's claim over bishops north of the Forth were in practice abandoned for the rest of David's reign, although York maintained her more credible claims over Glasgow.[87]
In 1151, David again requested a pallium for the Archbishop of St Andrews. Cardinal John Paparo met David at his residence of Carlisle in September 1151. Tantalisingly for David, the Cardinal was on his way to Ireland with four pallia to create four new Irish archbishoprics. When the Cardinal returned to Carlisle, David made the request. In David's plan, the new archdiocese would include all the bishoprics in David's Scottish territory, as well as bishopric of Orkney and the bishopric of the Isles . Unfortunately for David, the Cardinal does not appear to have brought the issue up with the papacy. In the following year the papacy dealt David another blow by creating the archbishopric of Trondheim, a new Norwegian archbishopric embracing the bishoprics of the Isles and Orkney.[88]
Succession and death
Perhaps the greatest blow to David's plans came on 12 July 1152 when Henry, Earl of Northumberland, David's only son and successor, died. He had probably been suffering from some kind of illness for a long time. David had under a year to live, and he may have known that he was not going to be alive much longer. David quickly arranged for his grandson Máel Coluim to be made his successor, and for his younger grandson William to be made Earl of Northumberland. Donnchad I, Mormaer of Fife , the senior magnate in Scotland-proper, was appointed as rector, or regent , and took the 11 year-old Máel Coluim around Scotland-proper on a tour to meet and gain the homage of his future Gaelic subjects. David's health began to fail seriously in the Spring of 1153, and on 24 May 1153, David died.[89] In his obituary in the Annals of Tigernach , he is called Dabíd mac Mail Colaim, rí Alban & Saxan, "David, son of Máel Coluim, King of Scotland and England", a title which acknowledged the importance of the new English part of David's realm.[90]
Monastic patronage
David was one of medieval Scotland's greatest monastic patrons. In 1113, in perhaps David's first act as Prince of the Cumbrians, he founded Selkirk Abbey for the Tironensians .[118] David founded more than a dozen new monasteries in his reign, patronising various new monastic orders.[119]
Not only were such monasteries an expression of David's undoubted piety, but they also functioned to transform Scottish society. Monasteries became centres of foreign influence,, and provided sources of literate men, able to serve the crown's growing administrative needs.[120] These new monasteries, and the Cistercian ones in particular, introduced new agricultural practices.[121] Cistercian labour, for instance, transformed southern Scotland into one of northern Europe's most important sources of sheep wool.[122]
Noted events in his life were:
• Prince of the Cumbrians: 1113-1124.
• Crowned: King of Scots, 23 Apr 1124, Scone, (Perth and Kinross), Scotland. King of Scots 23 Apr. 1124-1153.
David married Maud , of Huntingdon 17 18 19 1113 or 1114. Maud was born about 1074 and died in 1131 about age 57.
Noted events in her life were:
• Countess of Huntingdon and Northumberland:
The child from this marriage was:
+ 9 M i. Henry of Huntingdon, Earl of Northumberland & Huntingdon 18 20 was born in 1114 and died on 12 Jun 1152 at age 38.
6. Mary of Scotland 11 (Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) died on 18 Apr 1118.
Mary married Eustace III , Count of Boulogne and Lens 21 22 in 1102. Eustace died after 1125.
Noted events in his life were:
• Crusader:
• Count of Boulogne: 1087-1125.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 10 F i. Matilda of Boulogne 23 24 was born about 1105 in Boulogne, France, died on 3 Jul 1151 in Hedingham Castle about age 46, and was buried in Faversham Abbey.
Fourth Generation 7. EmpressMatilda Countess of Anjou 14 15 (Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 7 Feb 1102 and died on 10 Sep 1167 about age 65.
Birth Notes: Ancestral Roots Line 1-23 has b. abt. 1102-1104; Line 118-25 has b. 1104.
Some other source has b. Feb 1101
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Empress Matilda :
Empress Matilda, also known as Matilda of England or Maude (c. 7 February 1102 - 10 September 1167) was the daughter and heir of King Henry I of England . Matilda and her younger brother, William Adelin , were the only legitimate children of King Henry. Her brother died young in the White ship disaster , leaving Matilda as the last heir from the paternal line of her grandfather William the Conqueror .
As a child, Matilda was betrothed and later married to Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor . From her marriage to Henry, she acquired the title Empress. The couple had no known children. When widowed, she was married to the much younger Geoffrey of Anjou , by whom she became the mother of three sons, the eldest of whom became King Henry II of England .
Matilda was the first female ruler of the Kingdom of England . However the length of her effective rule was quite brief - a few months in 1141 - and she was never crowned and failed to consolidate her rule (legally and politically). Because of this she is normally excluded from lists of English monarchs, and her rival (and cousin) Stephen of Blois is routinely listed as monarch for the period 1135-1154. Their warring rivalry for the throne led to years of unrest and civil war in England that have been called The Anarchy . She did secure her inheritance of the Duchy of Normandy - through the military feats of her husband Geoffrey - and she campaigned unstintingly for her oldest son's inheritance, living to see him ascend the throne in 1154.
(In Latin texts Matilda was sometimes called Maude . This is a modernised spelling of the Norman-French form of her name, Mahaut.)
Early life
Matilda was the firstborn of two children to Henry I of England and his wife Matilda of Scotland (also known as Edith). Her maternal grandparents were Malcolm III of Scotland and Saint Margaret of Scotland . Margaret was daughter of Edward the Exile and granddaughter of Edmund II of England . (Most historians believe Matilda was born at Winchester , but one, John Fletcher (1990), argues for the possibility of the royal palace at Sutton Courtenay in Oxfordshire .)
First marriage: Holy Roman Empress
When she was seven years old, Matilda was betrothed to Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor ; at nine, she was sent to the Holy Roman Empire (Germany) to begin training for the life of Empress consort . The royal couple were married at Worms on January 7, 1114, and Matilda accompanied her husband on tours to Rome and Tuscany . After time, the young wife of the Emperor acted as regent , mainly in Italy, in his absence[1]. Emperor Henry died in 1125. The imperial couple had no surviving offspring, but Herman of Tournai states that Matilda bore a son who lived only a short while.
Despite being popularly known by the title "Empress " from her first marriage, Matilda's right to the title was dubious. She was never crowned Holy Roman Empress by a legitimate Pope - which ceremony was normally required to achieve the title; indeed, in later years she encouraged chroniclers to believe she had been crowned by the Pope. Contemporary, she was called German Queen by her husband's bishops, while her formal title was recorded as "Queen of the Romans". Still, "Empress" was arguably an appropriate courtesy title for the wife of an Emperor who had been crowned by the Pope.
In 1120 her brother William Adelin was drowned in the disastrous wreck of the White Ship , which left Matilda as the only legitimate child of her father King Henry . Like Matilda, her cousin Stephen of Blois was a grandchild of William (the Conqueror) of Normandy ; but her paternal line made her senior in right of succession to his maternal line.
Second marriage: Countess of Anjou
Matilda returned to England a young widow, age 23, and dowager "Empress" - a status of considerable pride to her. There Henry named her his heir to both the English throne and his Duchy of Normandy . Henry saw to it that the Anglo-Norman barons (including Stephen of Blois ) were sworn (several times) to accept Matilda as ruler if Henry died without a male heir.
Henry then arranged a second marriage for Matilda; as he aimed to achieve peace between the fractious barons of Normandy and Anjou. On 17 June 1128, Matilda, aged 26, was married to Geoffrey of Anjou , aged 15, who also was Count of Maine and heir apparent to (his father) the Count of Anjou - which title he soon acquired, and by which Matilda became Countess of Anjou. It was a title she rarely used. Geoffrey called himself "Plantagenet " from the broom flower (planta genista) he adopted as his personal emblem. So Plantagenet became the dynastic name of that powerful line of English kings who descended from Matilda and Geoffrey.
Matilda's marriage with Geoffrey was troubled; there were frequent long separations, but they had three sons and she survived him. The eldest son, Henry , was born on 5 March 1133. In 1134, she nearly died in childbirth, following the birth of her second son, Geoffrey, Count of Nantes . A third son, William X, Count of Poitou , was born in 1136.
When her father died in Normandy, on 1 December 1135, Matilda was with her husband, in Anjou ; and, crucially, too far away from events rapidly unfolding in England and Normandy. Stephen of Blois rushed to England upon learning of Henry's death; in London he moved quickly to grasp the crown of England from its appointed heir.
But Matilda was game to contest Stephen in both realms; she and her husband Geoffrey entered Normandy and began military campaigns to claim her inheritance. Progress was uneven at first, but she persevered; even so, it was not until 1139 that Matilda felt secure enough in Normandy to turn her attentions to invading England and fighting Stephen directly.
In Normandy, Geoffrey secured all fiefdoms west and south of the Seine by 1143; in January 1144, he crossed the Seine and took Rouen without resistance. He assumed the title Duke of Normandy , and Matilda became Duchess of Normandy. Geoffrey and Matilda held the duchy conjointly until 1149, then ceded it to their son, Henry, which event was soon ratified by King Louis VII of France .
Struggle for throne of England
On the death of her father, Henry I, in 1135, Matilda expected to succeed to the throne of England , but her cousin, Stephen of Blois , a nephew of Henry I, usurped the throne with the support of most of the barons, breaking the oath he had previously made to defend her rights. The civil war which followed was bitter and prolonged, with neither side gaining the ascendancy for long, but it was not until 1139 that Matilda could command the military strength necessary to challenge Stephen within his own realm. Stephen's wife, the Countess of Boulogne who was also named Matilda , was the Empress's maternal cousin. During the war, Matilda's most loyal and capable supporter was her illegitimate half-brother, Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester .
Matilda's greatest triumph came in April 1141, when her forces defeated and captured King Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln . He was made a prisoner and effectively deposed.
Her advantage lasted only a few months. When she marched on London , the city was ready to welcome her and support her coronation . She used the title of Lady of the English and planned to assume the title of queen upon coronation (the custom which was followed by her grandsons, Richard and John ).[2] However, she refused the citizens' request to have their taxes halved and, because of her own arrogance [2], she found the gates of London shut and the civil war reignited on 24 June 1141. By November, Stephen was free, having been exchanged for the captured Robert of Gloucester, and a year later, the tables were turned when Matilda was besieged at Oxford but escaped to Wallingford , supposedly by fleeing across the snow-covered land in a white cape. In 1141 she had escaped Devizes in a similarly clever manner, by disguising herself as a corpse and being carried out for burial. In 1148, Matilda and Henry returned to Normandy , following the death of Robert of Gloucester, and the reconquest of that county by her husband. Upon their arrival, Geoffrey turned Normandy over to his son, and retired to his own county of Anjou .
Later life
Matilda's first son, Henry , was showing signs of becoming a successful leader. Although the civil war had been decided in Stephen's favour, his reign was troubled. In 1153, the death of his son Eustace, combined with the arrival of a military expedition led by Henry, led him to acknowledge the latter as his heir by the Treaty of Wallingford .
Matilda retired to Rouen in Normandy during her last years, where she maintained her own court and presided over the government of the duchy in the absence of Henry. She intervened in the quarrels between her eldest son Henry and her second son Geoffrey, but peace between the brothers was brief. Geoffrey rebelled against Henry twice before his sudden death in 1158. Relations between Henry and his youngest brother, William X, Count of Poitou , were more cordial, and William was given vast estates in England. Archbishop Thomas Becket refused to allow William to marry the Countess of Surrey and the young man fled to Matilda's court at Rouen. William, who was his mother's favourite child, died there in January 1164, reportedly of disappointment and sorrow. She attempted to mediate in the quarrel between her son Henry and Becket, but was unsuccessful.
Although she gave up hope of being crowned in 1141, her name always preceded that of her son Henry, even after he became king. Matilda died at Notre Dame du Pré near Rouen and was buried in the Abbey church of Bec-Hellouin, Normandy. Her body was transferred to the Rouen Cathedral in 1847; her epitaph reads: "Great by Birth, Greater by Marriage, Greatest in her Offspring: Here lies Matilda, the daughter, wife, and mother of Henry."
Matilda married Henry V , Holy Roman Emperor on 7 Jan 1114 in Worms, (Rhine-Palatinate, Germany). Henry was born on 8 Jan 1086 and died on 23 May 1125 at age 39.
Matilda next married Geoffrey V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy 25 26 27 on 22 May 1128 in Le Mans, France. Geoffrey was born on 24 Aug 1113 in Anjou, France, died on 7 Sep 1151 at age 38, and was buried in Le Mans, France.
Marriage Notes: Marriage date may have been 3 April 1127 (Ancestral Roots Line 1-23). Line 118-25 (Geoffrey V) has m. 22 May 1127.
Noted events in his life were:
• Count of Anjou, Touraine and Maine: 1129-1151.
• Duke of Normandy: 1144-1151.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 11 M i. Henry II "Curtmantel" King of England was born on 5 Mar 1132 in Le Mans, France, died on 6 Jul 1189 at age 57, and was buried in Fontévrault Abbey, France.
8. William Adelin, Duke of Normandy 16 (Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1103 and died on 25 Nov 1120 at age 17.
Death Notes: Died in the White Ship tragedy.
9. Henry of Huntingdon, Earl of Northumberland & Huntingdon 18 20 (David I "The Saint", King of Scots5, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1114 and died on 12 Jun 1152 at age 38.
Research Notes: Eldest son of David I, King of Scots.
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 170-23
Henry married Ada de Warenne 18 28 29 in 1139. Ada died about 1178.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 12 F i. Margaret of Huntingdon 30 died in 1201.
10. Matilda of Boulogne 23 24 (Mary , of Scotland6, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1105 in Boulogne, France, died on 3 Jul 1151 in Hedingham Castle about age 46, and was buried in Faversham Abbey.
Death Notes: Wikipedia has d. 3 May 1152.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Matilda of Boulogne :
Matilda I or Maud (1105? - 3 May, 1152), was suo jure Countess of Boulogne . She was also wife of King Stephen of England and Queen of England .
History
She was born in Boulogne , France , the daughter of Eustace III, Count of Boulogne and his wife Mary of Scotland, daughter of King Malcolm III of Scotland and Saint Margaret of Scotland . Matilda was first cousin of her husband's rival, Empress Matilda . Through her maternal grandmother, Matilda was descended from the pre-Conquest English kings.
In 1125, Matilda married Stephen of Blois , Count of Mortain, who possessed a large honour in England. When Matilda's father abdicated and retired to a monastery the same year, this was joined with Boulogne and the similarly large English honour Matilda inherited. On Eustace III's death, Matilda and her husband became joint rulers of Boulogne. Two children, a son and a daughter, were born to the Countess and Count of Boulogne during the reign of King Henry I , who had granted Stephen and Matilda a residence in London. [1] The son was named Baldwin, after Matilda's uncle, King Baldwin I of Jerusalem . [2] The daughter was named Matilda. Baldwin died in early childhood and the young Matilda is thought to have died during childhood too, although some scholars state that she lived long enough to be espoused to the count of Milan. [3]
On the death of Henry I of England in 1135, Stephen rushed to England, taking advantage of Boulogne's control of the closest seaports, and was crowned king, beating his rival, the Empress Matilda . Matilda was heavily pregnant at that time and crossed the Channel after gaving birth to a son, Eustace , who would one day succeed her as Count of Boulogne. Matilda was crowned queen at Easter - March 22, 1136. [4]
In the civil war that followed, known as the Anarchy , Matilda proved to be her husband's strongest supporter. After he was captured at the Battle of Lincoln she rallied the king's partisans, and raised an army with the help of William of Ypres . Empress Matilda was besieging Stephen's brother Henry of Blois , but she, in turn, besieged the Empress, driving her away and capturing the Empress's brother, Robert of Gloucester .
Around 1125, her father died and she succeeded as Countess of Boulogne. She ruled this area jointly with her husband until 1150, when she reigned alone until 1151, when the County was given to her eldest son Eustace, then her surviving son William inherited it, and then her daughter Marie.
Matilda died of a fever at Hedingham Castle , Essex , England and is buried at Faversham Abbey , which was founded by her and her husband. [5]
Issue
Stephen and Matilda had three sons:
They also had two daughters:
Matilda married Stephen , of Blois, King of England 31 32 about 1119. Stephen was born about 1096 in Blois, Loire-et-Cher, France, died on 25 Oct 1154 in Dover Priory, Dover, England about age 58, and was buried in Faversham Abbey.
Noted events in his life were:
• Count of Mortain: 1115-1154.
• King of England: 1135-1154.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 13 F i. Marie of Blois, Countess of Boulogne 33 was born in 1136 and died in 1182 at age 46.
Fifth Generation 11. Henry II "Curtmantel" King of England (Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 5 Mar 1132 in Le Mans, France, died on 6 Jul 1189 at age 57, and was buried in Fontévrault Abbey, France.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 1-24
Henry married Eleanor , of Aquitaine on 18 May 1152 in Bordeaux, France. Eleanor was born about 1124, died on 31 Mar 1204 in Fontevrault about age 80, and was buried in Fontévrault Abbey, France.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 14 F i. Eleanor of England 34 35 was born on 13 Oct 1162 in Domfront, Normandy and died on 31 Oct 1214 at age 52.
+ 15 M ii. KingJohn "Lackland" of England 36 37 was born on 24 Dec 1167 in Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England, died on 19 Oct 1216 in Newark Castle, Lincolnshire, England at age 48, and was buried in Worcester Cathedral, Worcester, Worcestershire, England.
Henry had a relationship with Ida de Tosny.38 39
+ 16 M i. William Longspée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury 40 41 was born about 1176 in England, died on 7 Mar 1226 in Salisbury Castle, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England about age 50, and was buried in Salisbury Cathedral, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England.
12. Margaret of Huntingdon 30 (Henry, of Huntingdon, Earl of Northumberland & Huntingdon9, David I "The Saint", King of Scots5, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) died in 1201.
Research Notes: Second wife of Alan, Lord of Galloway.
Margaret married Humphrey IV de Bohun, Baron de Bohun, Lord of Hereford 42 43 in 1175. Humphrey died about 1182.
Noted events in his life were:
• Hereditary Constable of England:
The child from this marriage was:
+ 17 M i. Henry de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford 44 45 was born in 1176 and died on 1 Jun 1220 at age 44.
Margaret next married Alan , Lord of Galloway 46 in 1209. Alan was born about 1186 in <Galloway, Wigtownshire, Scotland>, died in 1234 about age 48, and was buried in Abbey of Dundrennan, Kirkcudbright, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland.
Noted events in his life were:
• Constable of Scotland: 1215-1234.
13. Marie of Blois, Countess of Boulogne 33 (Matilda , of Boulogne10, Mary , of Scotland6, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1136 and died in 1182 at age 46.
Research Notes: Countess of Boulogne in her own right.
Marie married Matthew , of Alsace, Count of Boulogne.47
The child from this marriage was:
+ 18 F i. Mathilde of Flanders 48 died between 1210 and 1211.
Sixth Generation 14. Eleanor of England 34 35 (Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 13 Oct 1162 in Domfront, Normandy and died on 31 Oct 1214 at age 52.
Birth Notes: Ancestral Roots has b. 1162 and b. 1161
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Eleanor of England (1162-1214) :
Eleanor of England (known in Castilian as Leonora; 13 October 1162 - 31 October 1214) was Queen of Castile and Toledo as wife of Alfonso VIII of Castile .
She was born in the castle at Domfront , Normandy , and was baptised by Henry of Marcy . She was the sixth child and second daughter of King Henry II of England and his wife Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine . Her godfather was the chronicler Robert of Torigny , who had a special interest in her and recorded her life as best he could. She received her first name as a namesake of her mother, whose name "Eleanor" (or Alienor) had previously been unrecorded though may have been related to the Greek Helen or the Italian Elena . Another view holds that in the Occitan language , Eleanor simply meant "the other Aenor," since Eleanor of Aquitaine was named for her mother, called Aenor .
Eleanor was a younger maternal half-sister of Marie de Champagne and Alix of France . She was a younger sister of William IX, Count of Poitiers , Henry the Young King , Matilda, Duchess of Saxony , Richard I of England and Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany . She was also an older sister of Joan of Sicily and John of England .
When she was eighteen years old, in September 1180, she was married to Alfonso VIII . The marriage was arranged to secure the Pyrennean border, with Gascony offered as her dowry.
Of all Eleanor of Aquitaine's daughters, her namesake Eleanor best inherited her mother's political influence. She was almost as powerful as her husband, who specified in his will that she was to rule alongside their son in the event of his death. It was she who persuaded him to marry their daughter Berenguela to the king of Leon in the interest of peace.
When Alfonso died, his queen was reportedly so devastated with grief that she was unable to preside over the burial. Their daughter Berenguela instead performed these honors. Leonora then took sick and died only twenty-eight days after her husband, and was buried at Las Huelgas abbey in Burgos.
Children
Eleanor married Alfonso VIII "the Noble" , King of Castile 49 50 in Sep 1180. Alfonso was born on 11 Nov 1155 and died on 5 Oct 1214 at age 58.
Marriage Notes: Ancestral Roots has m. 1177.
Noted events in his life were:
• King of Castile: 1158-1214.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 19 F i. Blanche of Castile 51 52 was born on 4 Mar 1188 in Palencia, (Palencia, Castile-Léon), Spain and died on 26 Nov 1252 in Paris, (Île-de-France), France at age 64.
15. KingJohn "Lackland" of England 36 37 (Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 24 Dec 1167 in Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England, died on 19 Oct 1216 in Newark Castle, Lincolnshire, England at age 48, and was buried in Worcester Cathedral, Worcester, Worcestershire, England.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - John of England :
John (24 December 1166 - 19 October 1216 [1]) reigned as King of England from 6 April 1199 , until his death. He succeeded to the throne as the younger brother of King Richard I (known in later times as "Richard the Lionheart"). John acquired the nicknames of "Lackland" (French : Sans Terre) for his lack of an inheritance as the youngest son and for his loss of territory to France , and of "Soft-sword" for his alleged military ineptitude.[2] He was a Plantagenet or Angevin king.
Apart from entering popular legend as the enemy of the fictional Robin Hood , he is also known for acquiescing to the nobility and signing Magna Carta , a document that limited his power and that is popularly regarded as an early first step in the evolution of modern democracy .
Born at Beaumont Palace , Oxford , John was the fifth son and last of eight children born to Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine . He was almost certainly born in 1166 instead of 1167, as is sometimes claimed.[3]
He was a younger maternal half-brother of Marie de Champagne and Alix of France , his mother's children by her first marriage to Louis VII of France , which was later annulled. He was a younger brother of William, Count of Poitiers ; Henry the Young King ; Matilda, Duchess of Saxony ; Richard I of England ; Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany ; Leonora, Queen of Castile ; and Joan, Queen of Sicily
Early life
While John was his father's favourite son, as the youngest he could expect no inheritance . His family life was tumultuous, as his older brothers all became involved in repeated rebellions against Henry . Eleanor was imprisoned by Henry in 1173, when John was a small boy.
As a child, John was betrothed to Alys (pronounced 'Alice'), daughter and heiress of Humbert III of Savoy . It was hoped that by this marriage the Angevin dynasty would extend its influence beyond the Alps , because John was promised the inheritance of Savoy , the Piemonte , Maurienne , and the other possessions of Count Humbert. King Henry promised his young son castles in Normandy which had been previously promised to his brother Geoffrey, which was for some time a bone of contention between King Henry and his son Geoffrey. Alys made the trip over the Alps and joined Henry's court, but she died before being married.
Gerald of Wales relates that King Henry had a curious painting in a chamber of Winchester Castle , depicting an eagle being attacked by three of its chicks, while a fourth chick crouched, waiting for its chance to strike. When asked the meaning of this picture, King Henry said:
The four young ones of the eagle are my four sons, who will not cease persecuting me even unto death. And the youngest, whom I now embrace with such tender affection, will someday afflict me more grievously and perilously than all the others.
Before his accession, John had already acquired a reputation for treachery, having conspired sometimes with and sometimes against his elder brothers, Henry, Richard and Geoffrey. In 1184, John and Richard both claimed that they were the rightful heir to Aquitaine, one of many unfriendly encounters between the two. In 1185, John became the ruler of Ireland , whose people grew to despise him, causing John to leave after only eight months...
Death
Retreating from the French invasion, John took a safe route around the marshy area of the Wash to avoid the rebel held area of East Anglia . His slow baggage train (including the Crown Jewels ), however, took a direct route across it and was lost to the unexpected incoming tide. This dealt John a terrible blow, which affected his health and state of mind. Succumbing to dysentery and moving from place to place, he stayed one night at Sleaford Castle before dying on 18 October (or possibly 19 October ) 1216 , at Newark Castle (then in Lincolnshire , now on Nottinghamshire 's border with that county). Numerous, possibly fictitious, accounts circulated soon after his death that he had been killed by poisoned ale, poisoned plums or a "surfeit of peaches".
He was buried in Worcester Cathedral in the city of Worcester .
His nine-year-old son succeeded him and became King Henry III of England (1216-72), and although Louis continued to claim the English throne, the barons switched their allegiance to the new king, forcing Louis to give up his claim and sign the Treaty of Lambeth in 1217.
Legacy
King John's reign has been traditionally characterised as one of the most disastrous in English history: it began with defeats-he lost Normandy to Philip Augustus of France in his first five years on the throne-and ended with England torn by civil war and himself on the verge of being forced out of power. In 1213, he made England a papal fief to resolve a conflict with the Roman Catholic Church , and his rebellious barons forced him to sign Magna Carta in 1215, the act for which he is best remembered...
Marriage and issue
In 1189, John was married to Isabel of Gloucester , daughter and heiress of William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester (she is given several alternative names by history, including Avisa, Hawise, Joan, and Eleanor). They had no children, and John had their marriage annulled on the grounds of consanguinity , some time before or shortly after his accession to the throne, which took place on 6 April 1199 , and she was never acknowledged as queen. (She then married Geoffrey FitzGeoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex as her second husband and Hubert de Burgh as her third).
John remarried, on 24 August 1200 , Isabella of Angoulême , who was twenty years his junior. She was the daughter of Aymer Taillefer , Count of Angouleme. John had kidnapped her from her fiancé, Hugh X of Lusignan .
Isabella bore five children:
John is given a great taste for lechery by the chroniclers of his age, and even allowing some embellishment, he did have many illegitimate children. Matthew Paris accuses him of being envious of many of his barons and kinsfolk, and seducing their more attractive daughters and sisters. Roger of Wendover describes an incident that occurred when John became enamoured of Margaret, the wife of Eustace de Vesci and an illegitimate daughter of King William I of Scotland . Eustace substituted a prostitute in her place when the king came to Margaret's bed in the dark of night; the next morning, when John boasted to Vesci of how good his wife was in bed, Vesci confessed and fled.
John had the following illegitimate children:
By an unknown mistress (or mistresses) John fathered:
(The surname of FitzRoy is Norman-French for son of the king.)
Noted events in his life were:
• Crowned: King of England, 1199. King of England 1199-1216
John married Isabella , of Angoulême on 10 May 1200. Isabella was born about 1186, died on 31 May 1246 in Fontévrault Abbey, France about age 60, and was buried in Fontévrault Abbey, France.
Marriage Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 153A-28 has m. John 10 May 1200, but line 117-27 has m. 24 Aug 1200.
Noted events in their marriage were:
• Marriage: possibly, 24 Aug 1200, Bordeaux, France.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 20 M i. KingHenry III of England 53 54 was born on 1 Oct 1207 in Winchester Castle, Winchester, (Hampshire), England, died on 16 Nov 1272 in Westminster Palace, London, England at age 65, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, Middlesex, England.
+ 21 M ii. Richard 1st Earl of Cornwall, King of the Romans was born on 5 Jan 1209 and died on 2 Apr 1272 at age 63.
+ 22 F iii. Joan Queen Consort of Scotland 55 was born in 1210 and died in 1238 at age 28.
+ 23 F iv. Isabella was born in 1214 and died in 1241 at age 27.
+ 24 F v. Eleanor was born in 1215 and died on 13 Apr 1275 at age 60.
John had a relationship with Clemence.
+ 25 F i. Joan Princess of Gwynedd 56 57 58 was born before 1200 and died between 30 Mar 1236 and Feb 1237.
16. William Longspée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury 40 41 (Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1176 in England, died on 7 Mar 1226 in Salisbury Castle, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England about age 50, and was buried in Salisbury Cathedral, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England.
Research Notes: Illegitimate son of Henry II, probably through Countess Ida.
From Wikipedia - William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury :
William Longespée, jure uxoris 3rd Earl of Salisbury (c. 1176 - 7 March 1226 ) was an English noble, primarily remembered for his command of the English forces at the Battle of Damme and for remaining loyal to King John .
He was an illegitimate son of Henry II of England . His mother was unknown for many years, until the discovery of a charter of William mentioning "Comitissa Ida, mater mea" (engl. "Countess Ida, my mother")[2] [3]
This Ida, a member of the prominent Tosny or Toesny family, later (1181) married Roger Bigod, 2nd Earl of Norfolk [4].
King Henry acknowledged William as his son and gave him the Honour of Appleby, Lincolnshire in 1188. Eight years later, his half-brother, King Richard I , married him to a great heiress, Ela, Countess of Salisbury in her own right, and daughter of William of Salisbury, 2nd Earl of Salisbury .
During the reign of King John, Salisbury was at court on several important ceremonial occasions, and held various offices: sheriff of Wiltshire , lieutenant of Gascony , constable of Dover and warden of the Cinque Ports , and later warden of the Welsh Marches . He was a commander in the king's Welsh and Irish expeditions of 1210-1212. The king also granted him the honour of Eye .
In 1213, Salisbury led a large fleet to Flanders , where he seized or destroyed a good part of a French invasion fleet anchored at or near Damme . This ended the invasion threat but not the conflicts between England and France . In 1214, Salisbury was sent to help Otto IV of Germany , an English ally, who was invading France. Salisbury commanded the right wing of the army at their disastrous defeat at the Battle of Bouvines , where he was captured.
By the time he returned to England, revolt was brewing amongst the barons. Salisbury was one of the few who remained loyal to John. In the civil war that took place the year after the signing of the Magna Carta , Salisbury was one of the leaders of the king's army in the south. However, after the French prince Louis (later Louis VIII ) landed as an ally of the rebels, Salisbury went over to his side. Presumably, he thought John's cause was lost.
After John's death and the departure of Louis, Salisbury, along with many other barons, joined the cause of John's young son, now Henry III of England . He held an influential place in the government during the king's minority and fought in Gascony to help secure the remaining part of the English continental possessions. Salisbury's ship was nearly lost in a storm while returning to England in 1225, and he spent some months in refuge at a monastery on the French island of Ré . He died not long after his return to England at Salisbury Castle . Roger of Wendover alleged that he was poisoned by Hubert de Burgh . He was buried at Salisbury Cathedral in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England.
William Longespee's tomb was opened in 1791. Bizarrely, the well-preserved corpse of a rat which carried traces of arsenic [5], was found inside his skull. The rat is now on display in a case at the Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum.
Family
By his wife Ela, Countess of Salisbury , he had four sons and four daughters [6]:
William married Ela , Countess of Salisbury 41 59 in 1196. Ela was born in 1187 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England, died on 24 Aug 1261 in Lacock Abbey, Lacock, Wiltshire, England at age 74, and was buried in Lacock Abbey, Lacock, Wiltshire, England.
Burial Notes: The incription on her tombstone, originally written in Latin, reads:
Below lie buried the bones of the venerable Ela, who gave this sacred house as a home for the nuns. She also had lived here as holy abbess and Countess of Salisbury, full of good works
Noted events in her life were:
• Founded: Lacock Abbey in Wiltshire, 1229.
• Sheriff of Wiltshire: 1226-1228. Following her husband's death 7 March 1226.
• Entered: Lacock Abbey as a nun, 1238.
• Abbess: of Lacock Abbey, 1240-1257.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 26 M i. William II Longspée 41 60 was born about 1212 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England, died on 8 Feb 1250 in Al-Mansura, Egypt about age 38, and was buried in Acre, Palestine.
17. Henry de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford 44 45 (Margaret , of Huntingdon12, Henry, of Huntingdon, Earl of Northumberland & Huntingdon9, David I "The Saint", King of Scots5, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1176 and died on 1 Jun 1220 at age 44.
Death Notes: Died on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land
Research Notes: From Magna Charta Barons, pp. 81-82:
Henry de Bohun, eldest son and heir, who in reality was the first Earl of Hereford of this family, being so created by charter of King John, dated April 28, 1199; but the office of lord high constable he inherited. As he took prominent part with the Barons against the king, his lands were sequestered, but he received them again at the sealing of the Magna Charta. He was elected one of the celebrated twenty-five Sureties for the observance of the Magna Charta, and having been excommunicated by the Pope, with the other Barons, he did not return to his allegiance on the decease of King John, but was one of the commanders in the army of Louis, the Dauphin, at the battle of Lincoln, and was taken prisoner. After this defeat he joined Saher de Quincey, and others, in a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, and c. on the passage, June 1, 1220, 4 Henry III. His body was brought home and buried in the chapter-house of Llanthony Abbey, in Gloucestershire.
He m. Maud, daughter of Geoffrey Fitz-Piers, Baron de Mandeville, created, in 1199, Earl of Essex, Justiciary of England, d. 1212, and eventually heiress of her brother William de Mandeville, last Earl of Essex of that family, by whom he acquired the honor of Essex and many extensive lordships, and sister of Geoffrey de Mandeville, one of the celebrated twenty-five Magna Charta Sureties, and had:
Humphrey de Bohun, second Earl of Hereford and Essex.
Margaret, wife of Waleran de Newburgh, fourth Earl of Warwick.
Ralph de Bohun.
Noted events in his life were:
• Hereditary Constable of England:
• Sheriff of Kent: 1200.
• Magna Charta Surety: 1215.
Henry married Maud FitzGeoffrey, de Mandeville.61 Maud died on 27 Aug 1236.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 27 M i. Humphrey V de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, 7th Earl of Essex 62 63 was born by 1208, died on 24 Sep 1275 in Warwickshire, England at age 67, and was buried in Llanthony Secunda, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England.
18. Mathilde of Flanders 48 (Marie , of Blois, Countess of Boulogne13, Matilda , of Boulogne10, Mary , of Scotland6, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) died between 1210 and 1211.
Mathilde married Henry I , Duke of Lorraine, Louvain and Brabant 64 65 in 1179. Henry was born about 1165 in Leuven, Brabant, Flanders, Belgium and died on 5 Sep 1235 in Cologne, Germany about age 70.
Noted events in his life were:
• Duke of Brabant: 1184.
• Duke of Lower Lotharingia: 1190.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 28 M i. Henry II Duke of Brabant 66 was born in 1207 and died on 1 Feb 1248 in Leuven, Brabant, Flanders, Belgium at age 41.
Seventh Generation 
19. Blanche of Castile 51 52 (Eleanor , of England14, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 4 Mar 1188 in Palencia, (Palencia, Castile-Léon), Spain and died on 26 Nov 1252 in Paris, (Île-de-France), France at age 64.
Death Notes: Ancestral Roots 113-28 has d. 27 Nov. 1252
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Blanche of Castile :
Blanche of Castile (Blanca de Castilla in Spanish ; 4 March 1188 - 26 November 1252), wife of Louis VIII of France . She was born in Palencia , Spain , the third daughter of Alfonso VIII , king of Castile , and of Eleanor of England . Eleanor was a daughter of Henry II of England and his Queen consort Eleanor of Aquitaine .
Biography
In consequence of a treaty between Philip Augustus and John of England , Blanche's sister Urraca was betrothed to the former's son, Louis. Their grandmother Eleanor, upon getting acquainted with the two sisters, judged that Blanche's personality was more fit for a queen of France. In the spring of 1200 she brought her to France instead. On 22 May 1200 the treaty was finally signed, John ceding with his niece the fiefs of Issoudun and Gracay , together with those that André de Chauvigny , lord of Châteauroux, held in Berry , of the English crown. The marriage was celebrated the next day, at Portmort on the right bank of the Seine , in John's domains, as those of Philip lay under an interdict.
Blanche first displayed her great qualities in 1216, when Louis, who on the death of John claimed the English crown in her right, invaded England, only to find a united nation against him. Philip Augustus refused to help his son, and Blanche was his sole support. The queen established herself at Calais and organized two fleets, one of which was commanded by Eustace the Monk , and an army under Robert of Courtenay ; but all her resolution and energy were in vain. Although it would seem that her masterful temper exercised a sensible influence upon her husband's gentler character, her role during his reign (1223-1226) is not well known.
Upon his death he left Blanche regent and guardian of his children. Of her twelve or thirteen children, six had died, and Louis, the heir - afterwards the sainted Louis IX - was but twelve years old.
The situation was critical, for the hard-won domains of the house of Capet seemed likely to fall to pieces during a minority. Blanche had to bear the whole burden of affairs alone, to break up a league of the barons (1226), and to repel the attack of the king of England (1230). But her energy and firmness overcame all dangers.
There was an end to the calumnies circulated against her, based on the poetical homage rendered her by Count Theobald IV of Champagne , a.k.a. KingTheobald I of Navarre since 1234, and the prolonged stay in Paris of the papal legate, Romano Bonaventura , cardinal of Sant' Angelo. The nobles were awed by her warlike preparations or won over by adroit diplomacy, and their league was broken up. St Louis owed his realm to his mother, but he himself always remained somewhat under the spell of her imperious personality.
After he came of age, in 1234, aged 20, her influence upon him may still be traced. The same year, he was married, and Blanche became Queen mother . Louis IX married Marguerite of Provence, who was the eldest of four daughters of Ramon, count of Provence, and Beatrice of Savoy. In 1248 Blanche again became Queen regent, during Louis IX's absence on the crusade, a project which she had strongly opposed. In the disasters which followed she maintained peace, while draining the land of men and money to aid her son in the East. At last her strength failed her. She fell ill into a bale of hay at Melun in November 1252, and was taken to Paris , but lived only a few days. She was buried at Maubuisson .
[edit ] Issue
Blanche (1205-1206).
Agnes (b. and d. 1207).
Philippe (9 September 1209 - July 1218), married (or only betrothed) in 1217 to Agnes of Donzy.
Alphonse (b. and d. Lorrez-le-Bocage, 23 January 1213).
John (b. and d. Lorrez-le-Bocage, 23 January 1213), twin of Alphonse.
Louis IX (Poissy, 25 April 1214 - 25 August 1270, Tunis), King of France as successor to his father.
Robert (25 September 1216 - 9 February 1250, killed in battle, Manssurah, Egypt)
Philippe (2 January 1218-1220).
John Tristan (21 July 1219-1232), Count of Anjou and Maine.
Alphonse (Poissy, 11 November 1220 - 21 August 1271, Corneto), Count of Poitou and Auvergne, and by marriage, of Toulouse.
Philippe Dagobert (20 February 1222-1232).
Isabel (14 April 1225 - 23 February 1269).
Charles Etienne (21 March 1226 - 7 January 1285), Count of Anjou and Maine, by marriage Count of Provence and Folcalquier, and King of Sicily.
Blanche married Louis VIII , King of France 67 68 on 23 May 1200. Louis was born on 3 Sep 1187 and died on 8 Nov 1226 in Montpensier, Auvergne, (France) at age 39.
Noted events in his life were:
• King of France: 1223-1226.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 29 M i. Robert I "the Good" Count of Artois 69 was born in 1216 and died on 8 Feb 1250 at age 34.
20. KingHenry III of England 53 54 (King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 1 Oct 1207 in Winchester Castle, Winchester, (Hampshire), England, died on 16 Nov 1272 in Westminster Palace, London, England at age 65, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, Middlesex, England.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Henry III of England :
Henry III (1 October 1207 - 16 November 1272 ) was the son and successor of John "Lackland" as King of England , reigning for fifty-six years from 1216 to his death. Mediaeval English monarchs did not use numbers after their names, and his contemporaries knew him as Henry of Winchester. He was the first child king in England since the reign of Ethelred the Unready . Despite his long reign, his personal accomplishments were slim and he was a political and military failure. England, however, prospered during his century and his greatest monument is Westminster , which he made the seat of his government and where he expanded the abbey as a shrine to Edward the Confessor .
He assumed the crown under the regency of the popular William Marshal , but the England he inherited had undergone several drastic changes in the reign of his father. He spent much of his reign fighting the barons over the Magna Carta [citation needed ] and the royal rights, and was eventually forced to call the first "parliament " in 1264. He was also unsuccessful on the Continent, where he endeavoured to re-establish English control over Normandy , Anjou , and Aquitaine .
Coronation
Henry III was born in 1207 at Winchester Castle . He was the son of King John and Isabella of Angoulême . After his father's death in 1216, Henry, who was nine at the time, was hastily crowned in Gloucester Cathedral ; he was the first child monarch since the Norman invasion of England in 1066. The coronation was a simple affair, attended by only a handful of noblemen and three bishops. None of his father's executors was present, and in the absence of a crown a simple golden band was placed on the young boy's head, not by the Archbishop of Canterbury (who was at this time supporting Prince Louis of France , the newly-proclaimed king of England) but rather by the Bishop of Gloucester . In 1220, a second coronation was ordered by Pope Honorius III who did not consider that the first had been carried out in accordance with church rites. This occurred on 17 May 1220 in Westminster Abbey .[1]
Under John's rule, the barons had supported an invasion by Prince Louis because they disliked the way that John had ruled the country. However, they quickly saw that the young prince was a safer option. Henry's regents immediately declared their intention to rule by Magna Carta , which they proceeded to do during Henry's minority. Magna Carta was reissued in 1217 as a sign of goodwill to the barons and the country was ruled by regents until 1227...
Death
Henry's reign ended when he died in 1272, after which he was succeeded by his son, Edward I . His body was laid, temporarily, in the tomb of Edward the Confessor while his own sarcophagus was constructed in Westminster Abbey ...
Marriage and children
Married on 14 January 1236 , Canterbury Cathedral , Canterbury , Kent , to Eleanor of Provence , with at least five children born:
Edward I (b. 17 January 1239 - d. 8 July 1307 )
Margaret (b. 29 September 1240 - d. 26 February 1275 ), married King Alexander III of Scotland
Beatrice (b. 25 June 1242 - d. 24 March 1275 ), married to John II, Duke of Brittany
Edmund (16 January 1245 - d. 5 June 1296 )
Katharine (b. 25 November 1253 - d. 3 May 1257 ), deafness was discovered at age 2. [1]
There is reason to doubt the existence of several attributed children of Henry and Eleanor.
Are known only from a 14th century addition made to a manuscript of Flores historiarum , and are nowhere contemporaneously recorded.
Another daughter, Matilda, is found only in the Hayles abbey chronicle, alongside such other fictitious children as a son named William for King John , and a bastard son named John for King Edward I . Matilda's existence is doubtful, at best. For further details, see Margaret Howell, The Children of King Henry III and Eleanor of Provence (1992).
Personal details
Noted events in his life were:
• King of England: 1216-1272.
Henry married Eleanor , of Provence 70 71 on 14 Jan 1237 in Canterbury, Kent, England. Eleanor was born about 1223 and died on 25 Jun 1291 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England about age 68.
Marriage Notes: Ancestral Roots has m. 14 Jan 1237 and m. 14 Jan 1236
Children from this marriage were:
+ 30 M i. Edmund "Crouchback" 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester 72 was born on 16 Jan 1245 in London, England, died on 5 Jun 1296 in Bayonne, France at age 51, and was buried on 15 Jul 1296 in Westminster Abbey, London, Midlesex, England.
+ 31 M ii. KingEdward I of England 73 74 was born on 17 Jun 1239 in Westminster Palace, London, England, died on 7 Jul 1307 in Burgh-by-Sands, Cumberland, England at age 68, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, Midlesex, England.
+ 32 F iii. Margaret of England 75 was born on 29 Sep 1240 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England, died on 26 Feb 1275 in Cupar Castle at age 34, and was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland.
+ 33 F iv. Beatrice of England 76 was born on 25 Jun 1242 in Bordeaux, France and died on 24 Mar 1275 in London, Middlesex, England at age 32.
+ 34 F v. Katharine was born in 1253 and died in 1257 at age 4.
21. Richard 1st Earl of Cornwall, King of the Romans (King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 5 Jan 1209 and died on 2 Apr 1272 at age 63.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 258-27
Source also: Wikipedia - John of England
Richard had a relationship with Joan de Valletort.
22. Joan Queen Consort of Scotland 55 (King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1210 and died in 1238 at age 28.
Research Notes: Queen Consort of Alexander II of Scotland
Source: Wikipedia - John of England
23. Isabella (King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1214 and died in 1241 at age 27.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - John of England
24. Eleanor (King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1215 and died on 13 Apr 1275 at age 60.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 260-30
Source also: Wikipedia - John of England
Eleanor married William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke on 23 Apr 1224. William died on 15 Apr 1231.
Eleanor next married Simon , de Montfort, Earl of Leicester 7 Jan 1238 or 1239. Simon was born about 1208 in Normandy, France and died on 4 Aug 1265 in Evesham, Worcestershire, England about age 57.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 35 F i. Elinor de Montfort was born about 1252 and died in 1282 about age 30.
25. Joan Princess of Gwynedd 56 57 58 (King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born before 1200 and died between 30 Mar 1236 and Feb 1237.
Research Notes: Natural daughter of John, king of England. John had another, legitimate, daughter named Joan, who was Queen Consort of Alexander II of Scotland.
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From Ancestral Roots, Line 29A-27:
"JOAN, (nat. dau. by unknown mistress [of John "Lackland"]), Princess of North Wales, b. well bef. 1200, d. 30 Mar. 1236 or Feb. 1237..."
-----------
Source - Wikipedia - John of England and Llywelyn the Great.
From Wikipedia - Llywelyn the Great:
"During Llywelyn's boyhood Gwynedd was ruled by two of his uncles, who had agreed to split the kingdom between them following the death of Llywelyn's grandfather, Owain Gwynedd , in 1170. Llywelyn had a strong claim to be the legitimate ruler and began a campaign to win power at an early age. He was sole ruler of Gwynedd by 1200, and made a treaty with King John of England the same year. Llywelyn's relations with John remained good for the next ten years. He married John's illegitimate daughter Joan , also known as Joanna, in 1205, and when John arrested Gwenwynwyn ab Owain of Powys in 1208 Llywelyn took the opportunity to annex southern Powys. In 1210 relations deteriorated and John invaded Gwynedd in 1211. Llywelyn was forced to seek terms and to give up all his lands east of the River Conwy, but was able to recover these lands the following year in alliance with the other Welsh princes. He allied himself with the barons who forced John to sign Magna Carta in 1215. By 1216 he was the dominant power in Wales, holding a council at Aberdyfi that year to apportion lands to the other princes...
Children
The identity of the mother of some of Llywelyn's children is uncertain. He was survived by nine children, two legitimate, one probably legitimate and six illegitimate. Elen ferch Llywelyn (c.1207-1253), his only certainly legitimate daughter, first married John de Scotia, Earl of Chester. This marriage was childless, and after John's death Elen married Sir Robert de Quincy , the brother of Roger de Quincy, Earl of Winchester . Llywelyn's only legitimate son, Dafydd ap Llywelyn (c.1208-1246), married Isabella de Braose, daughter of William de Braose, 10th Baron Abergavenny , Lord of Abergavenny. William was the son of Reginald de Braose , who married another of Llywelyn's daughters. Dafydd and Isabella may have had one child together, Helen of Wales (1246-1295), but the marriage failed to produce a male heir.
Another daughter, Gwladus Ddu (c.1206-1251), was probably legitimate. Adam of Usk states that she was a legitimate daughter by Joan, although some sources claim that her mother was Llywelyn's mistress, Tangwystl Goch.[64] She first married Reginald de Braose of Brecon and Abergavenny, but had no children by him. After Reginald's death she married Ralph de Mortimer of Wigmore and had several sons.
The mother of most of Llywelyn's illegitimate children is known or assumed to have been Llywelyn's mistress, Tangwystl Goch (c.1168-1198). Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (c.1196-1244) was Llywelyn's eldest son and is known to be the son of Tangwystl. He married Senena, daughter of Caradoc ap Thomas of Anglesey . Their four sons included Llywelyn ap Gruffydd , who for a period occupied a position in Wales comparable to that of his grandfather, and Dafydd ap Gruffydd who ruled Gwynedd briefly after his brother's death. Llywelyn had another son, Tegwared ap Llywelyn, by a woman known only as Crysten.
Marared ferch Llywelyn (c.1198-after 1263) married John de Braose of Gower, a nephew of Reginald de Braose, and after his death married Walter Clifford of Bronllys and Clifford. Other illegitimate daughters were Gwenllian ferch Llywelyn, who married William de Lacey, and Angharad ferch Llywelyn, who married Maelgwn Fychan. Susanna ferch Llywelyn was sent to England as a hostage in 1228, but no further details are known."
Joan married Llywelyn the Great , Prince of Gwynedd in 1205. Llywelyn was born about 1173 in <Dolwyddelan>, Wales, died on 11 Apr 1240 in Cistercian Abbey of Aberconwy, Wales about age 67, and was buried in Llanrwst Parish Church, Wales.
Marriage Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 29A-27 has m. 1206. Wikipedia has m. 1205.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 36 F i. Elen ferch Llywelyn Fawr 77 78 was born about 1207 and died in 1253 about age 46.
+ 37 M ii. Dafydd ap Llywelyn was born about 1208 and died in 1246 about age 38.
+ 38 F iii. Gwladys "Ddu" verch Llewellyn 79 80 was born about 1206 in Caernarvonshire, Wales and died in 1251 in Windsor, Berkshire, England about age 45.
26. William II Longspée 41 60 (William Longspée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury16, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1212 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England, died on 8 Feb 1250 in Al-Mansura, Egypt about age 38, and was buried in Acre, Palestine.
Death Notes: On the Nile
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - William II Longespée :
Sir William II Longespée (c. 1212 - 8 February, 1250) was the son of William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury , an English noble. His death became of significant importance to the English psyche, having died as a martyr due to the purported mistakes, and arrogance, of the French at the Battle of Mansurah , near Al-Mansurah in Egypt .
Longespee made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1240, and again in 1247. The second time, he proceeded to Rome and made a plea to Pope Innocent IV for support:
"Sir, you see that I am signed with the cross and am on my journey with the King of France to fight in this pilgrimage. My name is great and of note, viz., William Longespee, but my estate is slender, for the King of England , my kinsman and liege lord, hath bereft me of the title of earl and of that estate, but this he did judiciously, and not in displeasure, and by the impulse of his will; therefore I do not blame him for it. Howbeit, I am necessitated to have recourse to your holiness for favour, desiring your assistance in this distress. We see here (quoth he) that Earl Richard (of Cornwall) who, though he is not signed with the cross, yet, through the especial grace of your holiness, he hath got very much money from those who are signed, and therefore, I, who am signed and in want, do intreat the like favour."[1]
Having succeeded in gaining the favour of the Pope, Longespee raised a company of 200 English horse to join with Louis IX on his crusade. To raise funds for his expedition, he sold a charter of liberties to the burgesses of the town of Poole in 1248 for 70 marks .[2] During the Seventh Crusade , Longespee commanded the English forces. He became widely known for his feats of chivalry and his subsequent martyrdom. The circumstances of his death served to fuel growing English animosity toward the French; it is reported that the French Count d'Artois lured Longespee into attacking the Mameluks before the forces of King Louis IX arrived in support. Robert d'Artois, William II Longespee and his men, along with 280 Knights Templar , were killed at this time.
It is said that his mother, Abbess Ela Longespee, had a vision of the martyr being received into heaven by angels just one day prior to his death. In 1252, the Sultan delivered Longespee's remains to a messenger who conveyed them to Acre (Akko ) for burial at the church of St. Cross. However, his effigy is found amongst family members at Salisbury Cathedral , in England.
Marriage and issue
William married Idoine de Camville, daughter of Richard de Camville & Eustacia Basset. They had two sons and two daughters:
William married Idoine de Camville 81 82 in Jun 1226. Idoine was born about 1209 in <Brattleby, Lincolnshire>, England and died on 1 Jan 1251 about age 42.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 39 F i. Ela Longspee 41 83 was born about 1226 in England and died on 22 Nov 1299 about age 73.
27. Humphrey V de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, 7th Earl of Essex 62 63 (Henry de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford17, Margaret , of Huntingdon12, Henry, of Huntingdon, Earl of Northumberland & Huntingdon9, David I "The Saint", King of Scots5, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born by 1208, died on 24 Sep 1275 in Warwickshire, England at age 67, and was buried in Llanthony Secunda, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 97-28, "2nd Earl of Hereford and after div. of his mother 1236, 7th Earl of Essex, Constable of England, sheriff of Kent."
From A History of Wales by John Davies, London, 2007, p.136:
"In the wake of the dismemberment of the de Breos empire [after the hanging of William de Breos in 1230], the Bohun and Cantelupe families joined the ranks of the leading Marcher Lords..."
--------
From Wikipedia - Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford :
Humphrey de Bohun (1208 or bef. 1208 - Warwickshire , 24 September 1275 ) was 2nd Earl of Hereford and 1st Earl of Essex , as well as Constable of England . He was the son of Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford and Maud of Essex.
Career
He was one of the nine godfathers of Prince Edward , later to be Edward I of England .
After returning from a pilgrimage to the Holy Land , he was one of the writers of the Provisions of Oxford in 1258.
Marriage and children
He married c. 1236 Mahaut or Maud de Lusignan (c. 1210 - 14 August 1241 , buried at Llanthony, Gloucester ), daughter of Raoul I of Lusignan , Comte d'Eu by marriage, and second wife Alix d'Eu, 8th Comtesse d'Eu and 4th Lady of Hastings, and had issue. Their children were:
Humphrey de Bohun, predeceased his father in 1265.
Alice de Bohun , married Roger V de Toeni
Maud de Bohun , married (1) Anselm Marshal, 6th Earl of Pembroke ; (2) Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester
Death & burial
He died in 1275 and was buried at Llanthony Secunda , Gloucester .
Noted events in his life were:
• 7th Earl of Essex: 1236. After div. of his mother
• Constable of England:
• Sheriff of Kent:
Humphrey married Mahaut de Lusignan 63 84 about 1236. Mahaut was born about 1210, died on 14 Aug 1241 about age 31, and was buried in Llanthony Secunda, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 40 M i. Humphrey VI de Bohun 85 86 died about 4 Aug 1265 in Battle of Evesham, Evesham, Worcestershire, England.
+ 41 F ii. Alice de Bohun
+ 42 F iii. Maud de Bohun
28. Henry II Duke of Brabant 66 (Mathilde , of Flanders18, Marie , of Blois, Countess of Boulogne13, Matilda , of Boulogne10, Mary , of Scotland6, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1207 and died on 1 Feb 1248 in Leuven, Brabant, Flanders, Belgium at age 41.
Research Notes: Duke of Brabant and Lothier.
From Wikipedia - Henry II, Duke of Brabant :
Henry II of Brabant (French: Henri II de Brabant, Dutch: Hendrik II van Brabant, 1207 - February 1 , 1248 in Leuven ) was Duke of Brabant and Lothier after the death of his father Henry I in 1235. His mother was Mathilde of Flanders
Henry II supported his sister Mathilde's son, William II, Count of Holland , in the latter's bid for election as German King.
Family and children
His first marriage was to Marie of Hohenstaufen (April 3 , 1201 -1235, Leuven), daughter of Philip of Swabia and Irene Angelina . They had six children:
Henry III, Duke of Brabant (d. 1261)
Philip, died young
Matilda of Brabant (1224 - September 29 , 1288 ), married:
in Compiègne June 14 , 1237 to Robert I of Artois ;
before May 31 , 1254 to Guy II of Châtillon , Count of Saint Pol .
Beatrix (1225 - November 11 , 1288 ), married:
at Kreuzburg March 10 , 1241 Heinrich Raspe Landgrave of Thuringia ;
in Leuven November 1247 to William III of Dampierre, Count of Flanders (1224 - June 6 , 1251 ).
Marie of Brabant (c. 1226 - January 18 , 1256 , Donauwörth ), married Louis II, Duke of Upper Bavaria . She was beheaded by her husband on suspicion of infidelity.
Margaret (d. March 14 , 1277 ), Abbess of Herzogenthal .
His second marriage was to Sophie of Thuringia (March 20 , 1224 - May 29 , 1275 ), daughter of Ludwig IV of Thuringia and Elisabeth of Hungary by whom he had two children:
Henry (1244-1308, created Landgrave of Hesse in 1263.
Elizabeth (1243 - October 9 , 1261 ), married in Braunschweig July 13 , 1254 to Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Henry married Marie , of Hohenstaufen 87 88 before 22 Aug 1215. Marie was born on 3 Apr 1201 in Arezzo, Tuscany, Italy and died on 29 Mar 1235 in Leuven, Brabant, Flanders, Belgium at age 33.
Death Notes: Wikipedia has d. 29 March 1235. Ancestral Roots has d. abt 1240.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 43 F i. Matilda of Brabant 89 90 was born in 1224 and died on 29 Sep 1288 at age 64.
Eighth Generation 29. Robert I "the Good" Count of Artois 69 (Blanche , of Castile19, Eleanor , of England14, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1216 and died on 8 Feb 1250 at age 34.
Research Notes: First husband of Matilda of Brabant.
Wikipedia (Robert I of Artois):
Robert I "the Good" (1216 - February 8 , 1250 ) was Count of Artois . He was the third (and second surviving) son of King Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile .
On June 14 , 1237 , Robert married Matilda of Brabant, daughter of Henry II, Duke of Brabant , and they had two children:
Blanche of Artois (1248 -1302 )
Robert II of Artois (1250 -1302), Count of Artois
He was killed in Egypt during the Seventh Crusade of his brother Louis IX of France , while leading a reckless attack on Al Mansurah . He and the Templars accompanying the expedition charged into the town and became trapped in the narrow streets. According to Jean de Joinville , he defended himself for some time in a house there, but was at last overpowered and killed.
Robert married Matilda , of Brabant 89 90 on 14 Jun 1237. Matilda was born in 1224 and died on 29 Sep 1288 at age 64.
Birth Notes: Wikipedia (Marie of Hohenstaufen) has b. 1224. Ancestral Roots has b. 1196.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 44 F i. Blanche of Artois 91 was born between 1245 and 1250 and died on 2 May 1302 in Paris, (Île-de-France), France.
+ 45 M ii. Robert II of Artois, Count of Artois
30. Edmund "Crouchback" 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester 72 (King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 16 Jan 1245 in London, England, died on 5 Jun 1296 in Bayonne, France at age 51, and was buried on 15 Jul 1296 in Westminster Abbey, London, Midlesex, England.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 17-28
Wikipedia:
"...soon after the forfeiture of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester in 1265, Edmund received the Earldom of Leicester and of Lancaster and also the honour of the Stewardship of England and the lands of Nicolas de Segrave.
"In 1271 he accompanied his elder brother Edward [I Longshanks] on the Ninth Crusade to Palestine. It was because of this he received the nickname Crouchback (or cross back) indicating that he was entitled to wear a cross on his back."
Much more info in Wikipedia & other sources.
Noted events in his life were:
• Created: Earl of Leicester, 1265.
• Created: Earl of Lancaster, 1267.
Edmund married Blanche , of Artois 91 on 29 Oct 1276 in Paris, (Île-de-France), France. Blanche was born between 1245 and 1250 and died on 2 May 1302 in Paris, (Île-de-France), France.
Marriage Notes: Wikipedia has m. 3 Feb 1276.
Ancestral Roots, line 17-28, has m. bet. 18 Dec. 1275 and 19 Jan 1275/1276
Children from this marriage were:
+ 46 M i. Henry 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester 92 93 was born about 1281 in Grosmont Castle, Monmouthshire, England, died on 25 Mar 1345 in Canons Monastery, England about age 64, and was buried in Newark Abbey, Leicestershire, England.
+ 47 M ii. Thomas Plantagenet, 2nd Earl of Lancaster was born in 1278.
+ 48 M iii. John Plantagenet, Lord of Beaufort was born before 1286.
+ 49 F iv. Mary Plantagenet
31. KingEdward I of England 73 74 (King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 17 Jun 1239 in Westminster Palace, London, England, died on 7 Jul 1307 in Burgh-by-Sands, Cumberland, England at age 68, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, Midlesex, England.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Edward I of England :
Edward I (17 June 1239 - 7 July 1307 ), popularly known as Longshanks[1], also as "Edward the Lawgiver" or "the English Justinian" because of his legal reforms, and as "Hammer of the Scots",[2] achieved fame as the monarch who conquered Wales and tried (but failed) to do the same to Scotland . He reigned from 1272 to 1307, ascending the throne of England on 20 November 1272 after the death of his father, King Henry III . His mother was queen consort Eleanor of Provence .
As regnal post-nominal numbers were a Norman (as opposed to English) custom, Edward Longshanks is known as Edward I, even though he is the fourth King Edward, following Edward the Elder , Edward the Martyr , and Edward the Confessor ....
Childhood and marriage to Eleanor
Edward was born at the Palace of Westminster on the evening of 17 June 1239 .[3] He was an older brother of Beatrice of England , Margaret of England and Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster . He was named after Edward the Confessor . [4] From 1239 to 1246 Edward was in the care of Hugh Giffard (the son of Godfrey Giffard ) and his wife, Sybil, who had been one of the midwives at Edward's birth. On Giffard's death in 1246, Bartholomew Pecche took over. Early grants of land to Edward included Gascony , but Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester had been appointed by Henry to seven years as royal lieutenant in Gascony in 1248, a year before the grant to Edward, so in practice Edward derived neither authority nor revenue from the province.
Edward's first marriage (age 15) was arranged in 1254 by his father and Alfonso X of Castile . Alfonso had insisted that Edward receive grants of land worth 15,000 marks a year and also asked to knight him; Henry had already planned a knighthood ceremony for Edward but conceded. Edward crossed the Channel in June, and was knighted by Alfonso and married to Eleanor of Castile (age 13) on 1 November 1254 in the monastery of Las Huelgas .
Eleanor and Edward would go on to have sixteen children, and her death in 1290 affected Edward deeply. He displayed his grief by erecting the Eleanor crosses , one at each place where her funeral cortège stopped for the night. His second marriage, (age 60) at Canterbury on September 10 , 1299 , to Marguerite of France , (age 17) (known as the "Pearl of France" by her English subjects), the daughter of King Philip III of France (Phillip the Bold) and Maria of Brabant , produced three children...
Welsh Wars
Edward I depicted in Cassell's History of England (1902 )
One of King Edward's early moves was the conquest of Wales . Under the 1267 Treaty of Montgomery , Llywelyn ap Gruffydd had extended Welsh territories southwards into what had been the lands of the English Marcher Lords , and gained the title of Prince of Wales although he still owed homage to the English monarch as overlord. King Edward refused to recognize this Treaty - which had been concluded by his father - and in 1275, pirates in King Edward's pay intercepted a ship carrying Eleanor de Montfort , Simon de Montfort's only daughter, from France to Wales , where she expected to marry Llywelyn. Edward then imprisoned her at Windsor . After Llywelyn repeatedly refused to pay homage to Edward in 1274-1275, Edward raised an army and launched his first campaign against the Welsh prince in 1276-1277. After this campaign, Llywelyn was forced to pay homage to Edward and was stripped of all but a rump of territory in Gwynedd . But Edward allowed Llywelyn to retain the title of Prince of Wales , and the marriage with Eleanor de Montfort went ahead.
Llywelyn's younger brother, Dafydd (who had briefly been an ally of the English) started another rebellion in 1282. But Edward quickly destroyed the remnants of resistance, capturing, brutally torturing, and executing Dafydd in the following year. To consolidate his conquest, he commenced the construction of a string of massive stone castles encircling the principality, of which Caernarfon Castle provides a notable surviving example.
Wales became incorporated into England under the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284, and in 1301, Edward dubbed his eldest son Edward first Prince of Wales , since which time the eldest son of most English monarchs have borne the same title, the only exception being Edward III .
Scottish Wars
Hommage of Edward I (kneeling), to the Philippe le Bel (seated). As Duke of Aquitaine , Edward was a vassal to the French king.
Edward then turned his attentions to Scotland. He had planned to marry off his son and heir Edward , to the heiress Margaret, the Maid of Norway , but when Margaret died with no clear successor, the Scottish Guardians invited Edward's arbitration, to prevent the country from descending into dynastic war. Before the process got underway Edward insisted that he be recognized as Lord Paramount of Scotland, the feudal superior of the realm and, after some initial resistance, this precondition was finally accepted.
Edward presided over a feudal court held at the castle of Berwick-upon-Tweed in November 1292, where judgment was given in favour of John Balliol over other candidates . Balliol was chosen as the candidate with the strongest claim in feudal law, but Edward subsequently used the concessions he had gained to undermine the authority of the new king even summoning Balliol to do homage to him in Westminster in 1293. Edward also made it clear he expected John's military and financial support against France. This was too much for Balliol, who concluded a pact with France and prepared an army to invade England.
In response Edward gathered his largest army yet (25,000) and razed Berwick , massacring almost the whole population of 11,000 inhabitants. During the Scottish campaign, he made extensive use of a large trebuchet called the Warwolf .
After Berwick, he proceeded to Dunbar and Edinburgh , also removing the Stone of Destiny from Perth to Westminster Abbey. Balliol renounced the crown and was imprisoned in the Tower of London for three years before withdrawing to his estates in France. All freeholders in Scotland were required to swear an oath of homage to Edward, and he ruled Scotland like a province through English viceroys .
Opposition sprang up (see Wars of Scottish Independence ), and Edward executed the focus of discontent, William Wallace , on 23 August 1305 , having earlier defeated him at the Battle of Falkirk (1298) .
Edward was known to be fond of falconry and horse riding . The names of his horses have survived: Lyard, his war horse; Ferrault his hunting horse; and his favourite, Bayard. At the Siege of Berwick, Edward is said to have led the assault personally, using Bayard to leap over the earthen defences of the city.
Later career and death
Edward's later life was fraught with difficulty, as he lost his beloved first wife Eleanor and his heir failed to develop the expected kingly character.
Edward's plan to conquer Scotland never came to fruition during his lifetime, however, as he died in 1307 at Burgh-by-Sands , Cumberland on the Scottish border, while on his way to wage another campaign against the Scots under the leadership of Robert the Bruce . According to chroniclers, Edward desired to have his bones carried on Scottish military campaigns, and that his heart be taken to the Holy Land. Against his wishes, Edward was buried in Westminster Abbey in a plain black marble tomb, which in later years was painted with the words Scottorum malleus, Latin for Hammer of the Scots.[7] He was buried in a lead casket wishing to be moved to the usual regal gold casket only when Scotland was fully conquered and part of the Kingdom of England.
On 2 January 1774 , the Society of Antiquaries opened the coffin and discovered that his body had been perfectly preserved for 467 years. His body was measured to be 6 feet 2 inches (188 cm).[8]
To this day he still lies in the lead casket - although the thrones of Scotland and England were united in 1603 following the death of Elizabeth I and the accession of James VI of Scotland to the English throne, and the Kingdom of Great Britain was created in 1707 by the Acts of Union 1707 , uniting Scotland and England in an incorporating union, the conquest Edward envisaged was never completed. His son, King Edward II of England , succeeded him...
Issue
Children of Edward and Eleanor:
Eleanor , born ca. 17 June 1264 (or possibly as late as 1269, although the issue rolls of 1302 describe her as Edward's eldest daughter) and died 12 October 1298 . She was long betrothed to Alfonso III of Aragon , who died in 1291 before the marriage could take place, and on 20 September 1293 she married Count Henry III of Bar .
Joan, born Summer 1265, either in Paris, or perhaps at Abbeville, Ponthieu. She died in France but was buried at Westminster Abbey before September 7 , 1265 .
John, born at either Windsor or Kenilworth Castle June or July 10 , 1266 , died August 1 or 1271 at Wallingford , in the custody of his granduncle, Richard, Earl of Cornwall . Buried at Westminster Abbey .
Henry , born on July 13 1267/8 at Windsor Castle, died October 14 , 1274 either at Merton, Surrey, or at Guildford Castle.
Alice, born at Woodstock Palace, Oxon, but the date of her birth is unknown. May have died at the age of twelve. Sometimes identified with the child, Isabella, born in March 1279 , but this cannot be correct, as that infant's funeral took place during the same year.
Juliana (also known as Katherine) born at Acre, Palestine, in 1271, and died there on 28 May or 5 September 1271
Joan of Acre . Born at Acre in Spring 1272 and died at her manor of Clare, Suffolk on April 23 , 1307 and was buried in the priory church of the Austin friars, Clare, Suffolk. She married (1) Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford , (2) Ralph de Monthermer, 1st Baron Monthermer .
Alphonso, Earl of Chester , born either at Bayonne, at Bordeaux, Gascony or at Maine 24 November 1273 , died 14 or 19 August 1284 , at Windsor Castle, buried in Westminster Abbey .
Margaret , born September 11 , 1275 at Windsor Castle and died in 1318, being buried in the Collegiate Church of St. Gudule, Brussels. She married John II of Brabant .
Berengaria (also known as Berenice), born 1 May 1276 at Kempton Palace, Surrey and died on June 27 , 1278 , buried in Westminster Abbey .
Mary, born 11 March or 22 April 1278 at Windsor Castle and died 8 July 1332 , a nun in Amesbury , Wiltshire , England.
Isabella, born on 12 March 1279 , either at Woodstock Palace, Oxon, at Windsor Castle or at Marlbourgh Castle Wiltshire, she died in 1279, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
Elizabeth of Rhuddlan , born August 1282 at Rhuddlan Castle, Flintshire, Wales, died c.5 May 1316 at Quendon, Essex, in childbirth, and was buried in Walden Abbey, Essex. She married (1) John I, Count of Holland , (2) Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford & 3rd Earl of Essex .
Edward II of England , also known as Edward of Caernarvon , born 25 April 1284 at Caernarvon Castle, Wales, murdered 21 September 1327 at Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire, buried in Gloucester Cathedral. He married Isabella of France .
Beatrice born after 12 August 1286 either in Gascony or in Aquitaine. She died young.
Blanche born in 1289/90 and died young.
Children of Edward and Marguerite:
Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk born 1 June 1300 at Brotherton, Yorkshire, died between the 4 August and 20 September 1338, was buried in the abbey of Bury-St.-Edmunds, married (1) Alice Hayles, with issue; (2) Mary Brewes, with issue.
Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent , 5 August 1301 at Woodstock Palace, Oxon, married Margaret Wake, 3rd Baroness Wake of Liddell with issue. Executed by Isabella of France and Roger Mortimer on the 19 March 1330 following the overthrow of Edward II.
Eleanor, born 4 May 1306 at Winchester, died in 1311 at Amesbury Abbey, Wiltshire, buried in Beaulieu Abbey, Hants.
References
Noted events in his life were:
• King of England: 1272-1307.
Edward married Eleanor , of Castile, Countess of Ponthieu 94 95 on 18 Oct 1254 in Monastery of Las Huelgas. Eleanor was born in 1241 in Castile, Spain, died on 28 Nov 1290 in Harby, Nottinghamshire, England at age 49, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, Midlesex, England.
Marriage Notes: Wikipedia has m. 1 Nov 1254. Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 1-27 has m. 18 Oct 1254.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 50 F i. Elizabeth of Rhuddlan, Princess of England 96 97 98 was born on 7 Aug 1282 in Rhuddlan Castle, Rhuddlan, Denbighshire, Wales, died on 5 May 1316 in Quendon, Essex, England at age 33, and was buried in Waltham Abbey, Essex, England.
+ 51 F ii. Eleanor of England was born on 18 Jun 1269, died on 29 Aug 1298 at age 29, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, Midlesex, England.
+ 52 F iii. Joan of Acre 99 100 was born in 1272 in Acre, Syria and died on 23 Apr 1307 at age 35.
+ 53 F iv. Margaret Plantagenet was born on 15 Mar 1275 and died in 1318 at age 43.
+ 54 M v. KingEdward II of England 101 102 was born on 25 Apr 1284 in Caernarfon Castle, Caernarfonshire, Gwynedd, Wales, died on 21 Sep 1327 in <Berkeley Castle, > near Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England at age 43, and was buried in Gloucester Cathedral, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England.
Edward next married Marguerite , of France 103 on 8 Sep 1299 in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England. Marguerite was born about 1275 and died from 14 Feb 1317 to 1318 in Marlborough Castle, Marlborough, Wiltshire, England about age 42.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 55 M i. Thomas of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk was born on 1 Jun 1300 and died in 1338 at age 38.
32. Margaret of England 75 (King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 29 Sep 1240 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England, died on 26 Feb 1275 in Cupar Castle at age 34, and was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Margaret of England :
Margaret of England (29 September 1240 - 26 February 1275) was a medieval English princess who became Queen of Scots . A daughter of the Plantagenet king Henry III of England and his queen, Eleanor of Provence , she was Queen consort to Alexander III "the Glorious" , King of the Scots .
She was the second child of Henry III of England and his wife, Eleanor of Provence , and was born at Windsor Castle .
Margaret was married on 26 December 1251, at York Minster , to King Alexander III of Scotland , with whom she had three children:
Children
Death & Burial
She died 26 February 1275, at Cupar Castle, and was buried at Dunfermline Abbey , Fife .
33. Beatrice of England 76 (King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 25 Jun 1242 in Bordeaux, France and died on 24 Mar 1275 in London, Middlesex, England at age 32.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Beatrice of England :
"Beatrice of England", also known as "Beatrice de Dreux" (born 25 June 1242-1275) Born in Bordeaux, France. She was the second daughter of King Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence , and sister of Edward I of England , Margaret, Queen of Scotland , Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster , Richard of England, John of England, Katherine of England, William of England, and Henry of England. She and her family were members of the Royal house of Plantagenet , which first ruled in the 12th century and was founded by Henry II of England .
Tragedy plagued Beatrice's childhood. Her oldest brother Edward became deathly ill when she was very young. Though he recovered, Beatrice's younger siblings Richard, Henry, William, Katharine, and John died at very young ages, leaving Beatrice's parents grief-stricken. Eleanor was especially upset about the death of her youngest daughter Katharine, who possibly had a degenerative disease that had caused her to become deaf and eventually die at the age of three.
Beatrice's childhood was also marred by the stresses of her father's reign. The English were unhappy with King Henry III owing to the influence that Eleanor and her Savoyard kinsmen exercised on the monarchy, and the Barons demanded more power. In 1263, Eleanor was sailing on a barge that was attacked by London citizens. This harsh, bitter, dislike created several problems for Henry III and his family. On the other hand, Eleanor and Henry enjoyed a happy marriage, and Beatrice grew up in a loving environment, close to her siblings.
Adult life
At one point, Henry conducted negotiations for Beatrice to marry the king of France and also rejected a proposal that she should wed the son of the King of Norway. When she was eighteen she married John II, Duke of Brittany . Beatrice later changed her name to Beatrice de Dreux, and she and John II had seven children:
Arthur II, Duke of Brittany
John de Bretagne, 1st Earl of Richmond
Marie de Dreux , wife of Guy III of Châtillon (1268-1339)
Pierre, Viscount de Leon (1269-1312)
Blanche de Dreux , wife of Philip of Artois (1271-1327)
Eleonore, Abbess of Fontevrault (1274-1329)
Death
Beatrice died on 24 March 1275 in London , England . Her death was once said to have occurred in childbirth, but the dates do not bear out this theory, which has been disproved in several articles. John II honored his wife with a chantry , an institutional chapel on private land or within a greater church, which was to be finished when he died, so that he and Beatrice would be together again. Beatrice was buried at Grey Friars Church in Greenwich , London.
34. Katharine (King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1253 and died in 1257 at age 4.
35. Elinor de Montfort (Eleanor24, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1252 and died in 1282 about age 30.
Research Notes: Source: Welsh Settlement of Pennsylvania by Charles H. Browning, Philadelphia, 1912.
Source: Collections Historical & Archaeological Relating to Montgomeryshire, and its Borders, Vol. XIII, Issued by the Powys-Land Club for the Use of Its Members, London, 1880, p. 122 has "Eleanor, dau. to Simon Mountford, Earl of Leicester."
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, line 260-31, has "b. abt. Michaelmas 1252, d. 1282; m. 13 Oct. 1278, Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, son of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, d. 1 Mar. 1244, the son of LLYWELYN AP IORWERTH (176B-27), by Senena, perh. of Man."
Elinor married Llywelyn II , Prince of North Wales on 13 Oct 1278 in Worcester Cathedral, Worcester, Worcestershire, England. Llywelyn was born about 29 Sep 1252 and died on 11 Dec 1282 in Brecon, (Breconshire), Powys, (Wales) about age 30.
Marriage Notes: From: A History of Wales by John Davies, London, 2007, p. 153: "[By] 1280, Edward [I] was firmly in control of his Welsh territories, which were far more extensive than those of any previous occupant of the throne of England. Llywelyn's behaviour toward the king was punctiliously correct; he made homage to Edward in December 1277; he married Elinor in the king's presence at Worcester Cathedral in October 1278; he propmptly paid the sums due from him under the Treaty of Aberconwy and in his letters he fully acknowledged Edward's suzerainty."
Noted events in their marriage were:
• Marriage by Proxy: to Llywelyn II, 1275. From: A History of Wales by John Davies, London, 2007, pp. 130-150: "After Dafydd's defection [in 1274], and possibly as a reaction to it, a plan, perhaps originally aired in 1265, was resurrected--marriage between Llywelyn and Elinor, a daughter of Simon de Montfort. Elinor's lineage was highly distinguished; among her uncles were a king of England, a king of France and a Holy Roman Emperor. Nevertheless, by 1275, when a proxy marriage took place, there was no political advantage to the union, for the opposition movement which her father had led was moribund. The king of England took the view that the marriage was a plot to rekindle dissension within his kingdom, and such a notion may also have been present in Llywelyn's mind. Elinor sailed from France to Wales in 1275, but the seizure of her ship led to her imprisonment at Windsor [where she was to remain until her release after Llywelyn paid homage to Edward I in December 1277]."
Death Notes: Slain by Adam Fauclon
Noted events in his life were:
• Marriage by Proxy: to Eleanor de Montfort.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 56 F i. Catherine verch Llewellyn Gryffyth
+ 57 F ii. Gwenllian ferch Llewelyn ap Gruffudd
36. Elen ferch Llywelyn Fawr 77 78 (Joan , Princess of Gwynedd25, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1207 and died in 1253 about age 46.
Research Notes: If Robert II de Quincy was the husband of Hawise of Chester, Elen was his second wife. Magna Charta Barons lists only Elen and has her as the mother of his 3 daughters. Magna Charta Barons is not a reliable source.
From Wikipedia - Elen ferch Llywelyn :
Elen ferch Llywelyn (c. 1206 - 1253) was the daughter of Llywelyn the Great of Gwynedd in north Wales .
The records of Llywelyn's family are confusing, and it is not certain which of his children were illegitimate, but Elen appears to have been his legitimate daughter by Joan , illegitimate daughter of King John of England .
Elen married John de Scotia, Earl of Chester , in about 1222. He died aged thirty in 1237, and she re-married, her second husband being Sir Robert de Quincy . Their daughter, Hawise , was married to Baldwin Wake , Lord Wake of Lidel. Hawise and Baldwin's granddaughter, Margaret Wake , was the mother of Joan of Kent , later Princess of Wales. Thus the blood of Llywelyn Fawr passed into the English royal family through King Richard II .
There is also a record of a "Helen" daughter of "Llywelyn of Wales" who married Mormaer Maol Choluim II, Earl of Fife and later married Domhnall I, Earl of Mar . The dates appear to rule out this being Elen, since Maol Chaluim II did not die until 1266 while Elen's death is recorded in 1253. Some genealogists propose the existence of another Elen, an illegitimate daughter born towards the end of Llywelyn's life, but there is no clear evidence for this. Another possibility is that this Helen might have been an illegitimate daughter of Llywelyn the Last born when he was a young man, but there is also no evidence of the theory being true. More likely this lady was Susannah ferch Llywelyn ab Iorwerth , who was sent to England in 1228 and married the earl of Fife in the summer of 1237.[1]
Elen married Robert II de Quincy 104 105 after 1237. Robert died in 1257 in <Palestine>.
Noted events in his life were:
37. Dafydd ap Llywelyn (Joan , Princess of Gwynedd25, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1208 and died in 1246 about age 38.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Llywelyn the Great
38. Gwladys "Ddu" verch Llewellyn 79 80 (Joan , Princess of Gwynedd25, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1206 in Caernarvonshire, Wales and died in 1251 in Windsor, Berkshire, England about age 45.
Research Notes: Widow of Reynold de Braose
From Wikipedia - Llywelyn the Great :
Another daughter, Gwladus Ddu (c.1206-1251), was probably legitimate. Adam of Usk states that she was a legitimate daughter by Joan, although some sources claim that her mother was Llywelyn's mistress, Tangwystl Goch.[64] She first married Reginald de Braose of Brecon and Abergavenny, but had no children by him. After Reginald's death she married Ralph de Mortimer of Wigmore and had several sons.
Gwladys married Reynold de Braose 106 107 before 1221 in Wales. Reynold was born about 1178 in <Bramber, Sussex>, England, died on 9 Jun 1228 in Brecon, Breconshire, Wales about age 50, and was buried in Priory Church, Brecon, Breconshire, Wales.
Gwladys next married Ralph de Mortimer, Lord Mortimer of Wigmore 79 108 in 1230. Ralph was born about 1190 in <Wigmore, Herefordshire>, England, died on 6 Aug 1246 in Wigmore, Herefordshire, England about age 56, and was buried in Wigmore, Herefordshire, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 58 M i. Roger de Mortimer, of Wigmore, 1st Baron Mortimer 79 109 110 was born about 1231 in Cwmaron Castle, Radnorshire, Wales and died on 27 Oct 1282 in Kingsland, Herefordshire, England about age 51.
39. Ela Longspee 41 83 (William II Longspée26, William Longspée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury16, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1226 in England and died on 22 Nov 1299 about age 73.
Research Notes: Great-great granddaughter of Henry II.
Ela married James de Aldithley 83 in 1244 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. James was born about 1225 in Audley, Staffordshire, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 59 M i. Hugh I de Audley 41 83 was born about 1250 in Audley, Staffordshire, England and died about 1336 about age 86.
40. Humphrey VI de Bohun 85 86 (Humphrey V de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, 7th Earl of Essex27, Henry de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford17, Margaret , of Huntingdon12, Henry, of Huntingdon, Earl of Northumberland & Huntingdon9, David I "The Saint", King of Scots5, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) died about 4 Aug 1265 in Battle of Evesham, Evesham, Worcestershire, England.
Death Notes: Predeceased his father. Ancestral Roots Line 68-29 and 97-29 give d.v.p. 27 Aug. 1267. Wikipedia has 1265.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 97-29 has d.v.p. 27 Oct. 1265
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From A History of Wales by John Davies, London, 2007, p.136:
"In the wake of the dismemberment of the de Breos empire [after the hanging of William de Breos in 1230], the Bohun and Cantelupe families joined the ranks of the leading Marcher Lords..."
Humphrey married Eleanor de Braose 111 after Aug 1241 in Brecknock, Breconshire, Wales. Eleanor was born about 1228 in Brecknock, Breconshire, Wales, died in 1251 about age 23, and was buried in Llanthony Priory, Monmouthshire, Wales.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 60 M i. Humphrey VII de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford & 2nd Earl of Essex 112 113 was born about 1249 and died on 31 Dec 1298 in Pleshey Castle, Essex, England about age 49.
+ 61 F ii. Alianore de Bohun 114 died on 20 Feb 1314.
41. Alice de Bohun (Humphrey V de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, 7th Earl of Essex27, Henry de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford17, Margaret , of Huntingdon12, Henry, of Huntingdon, Earl of Northumberland & Huntingdon9, David I "The Saint", King of Scots5, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1)
42. Maud de Bohun (Humphrey V de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, 7th Earl of Essex27, Henry de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford17, Margaret , of Huntingdon12, Henry, of Huntingdon, Earl of Northumberland & Huntingdon9, David I "The Saint", King of Scots5, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1)
43. Matilda of Brabant 89 90 (Henry II , Duke of Brabant28, Mathilde , of Flanders18, Marie , of Blois, Countess of Boulogne13, Matilda , of Boulogne10, Mary , of Scotland6, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1224 and died on 29 Sep 1288 at age 64.
Birth Notes: Wikipedia (Marie of Hohenstaufen) has b. 1224. Ancestral Roots has b. 1196.
Research Notes: Wikipedia (Henry II, Duke of Brabant)
Matilda married Robert I "the Good" , Count of Artois 69 on 14 Jun 1237. Robert was born in 1216 and died on 8 Feb 1250 at age 34.
(Duplicate Line. See Person 29)
Ninth Generation 44. Blanche of Artois 91 (Robert I "the Good" , Count of Artois29, Blanche , of Castile19, Eleanor , of England14, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born between 1245 and 1250 and died on 2 May 1302 in Paris, (Île-de-France), France.
Research Notes: Widow of Henry I of Navarre. Second wife of Henry III. Second wife of Edmund "Crouchback."
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 45-30
Wikipedia
Blanche married Henry III , Count of Champagne and Brie, King of Navarre 115 in 1259. Henry died on 22 Jul 1274.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 62 F i. Jeanne of Navarre 116 was born in Jan 1272 and died on 2 Apr 1305 at age 33.
Blanche next married Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester 72 on 29 Oct 1276 in Paris, (Île-de-France), France. Edmund was born on 16 Jan 1245 in London, England, died on 5 Jun 1296 in Bayonne, France at age 51, and was buried on 15 Jul 1296 in Westminster Abbey, London, Midlesex, England.
Marriage Notes: Wikipedia has m. 3 Feb 1276.
Ancestral Roots, line 17-28, has m. bet. 18 Dec. 1275 and 19 Jan 1275/1276
Noted events in his life were:
• Created: Earl of Leicester, 1265.
• Created: Earl of Lancaster, 1267.
(Duplicate Line. See Person 30)
45. Robert II of Artois, Count of Artois (Robert I "the Good" , Count of Artois29, Blanche , of Castile19, Eleanor , of England14, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1)
46. Henry 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester 92 93 (Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1281 in Grosmont Castle, Monmouthshire, England, died on 25 Mar 1345 in Canons Monastery, England about age 64, and was buried in Newark Abbey, Leicestershire, England.
Death Notes: Ancestral Roots, line 17-29, has d. 22 Sept. 1345, bur. Neward Abbey, co. Leics.
Wikipedia has d. 25 March 1345.
Research Notes: One of the principals behind the deposition of King Edward II.
Some data from Albert Doublass Hart, Jr ("Our Folk" - de Chaworth Family Genealogy). Albert has death date as 22 Sep 1345 in Cannons Monastery, England.
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From Wikipedia - Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster :
Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster (1281 - March 25 , 1345 ) was an English nobleman, one of the principals behind the deposition of Edward II.
Lineage
He was the younger son of Blanche of Artois and Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster , Earl of Leicester , who was a son of Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence .
Henry's elder brother Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster succeeded their father in 1296 , but Henry was summoned to Parliament on February 6 , 1298 /99 by writ directed Henrico de Lancastre nepoti Regis, by which he is held to have become Lord Lancaster. He took part in the siege of Carlaverock in July 1300 .
Petition for succession and inheritance
Thomas was convicted of treason, executed and his lands and titles forfeited in 1322 . But Henry, who had not participated in his brother's rebellion, petitioned for his brother's lands and titles, and on March 29 , 1324 he was invested as Earl of Leicester , and a few years later the earldom of Lancaster was also restored to him.
Revenge
On the Queen's return to England with Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March in September 1326 , Henry joined her party against King Edward II, which led to a general desertion of the King's cause and overturned the power of Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of Winchester and his namesake son Hugh the younger Despenser .
He was sent in pursuit and captured the king at Neath in South Wales. He was appointed to take charge of the King, and was responsible for his custody at Kenilworth Castle .
Full restoration and reward
After Edward II's death Henry was appointed guardian of the new king Edward III of England , and was also appointed captain-general of all the King's forces in the Scottish Marches .
Loss of sight
In about the year 1330 , he became blind .
Succession
He was succeeded as Earl of Lancaster and Leicester by his eldest son, Henry of Grosmont , who subsequently became Duke of Lancaster.
Family
He married Maud Chaworth , before 2 March 1296 /1297 .
Henry and Maud had seven children:
Henry married Maud de Chaworth, Countess of Lancaster & Countess of Leicester 117 118 119 before 2 Mar 1297 in Kidwelly, Carmarthenshire, Wales. Maud was born on 2 Feb 1282 in <Kidwelly, Carmarthenshire>, Wales and died before 3 Dec 1322.
Marriage Notes: Marriage year could be 1296
Children from this marriage were:
+ 63 F i. Eleanor of Lancaster 120 121 was born about 1318 in England, died on 11 Jan 1372 in Arundel Castle, West Sussex, England about age 54, and was buried in Lewes Priory, Lewes, Sussex, England.
+ 64 M ii. Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster 122 was born about 1310 and died on 23 Mar 1361 about age 51.
+ 65 F iii. Blanche of Lancaster 123 was born about 1305 and died before 12 Jul 1380.
+ 66 F iv. Maud of Lancaster 123 was born about 1310 and died about 1377 about age 67.
+ 67 F v. Joan of Lancaster 124 was born about 1312 and died on 7 Jul 1345 in Yorkshire, England about age 33.
+ 68 F vi. Isabel of Lancaster, Abess of Ambresbury was born about 1317 and died after 1347.
+ 69 F vii. Mary of Lancaster 123 was born about 1320 and died on 1 Sep 1362 about age 42.
Henry next married Alix de Geneville.125 Alix died on 19 Apr 1336.
47. Thomas Plantagenet, 2nd Earl of Lancaster (Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1278.
Research Notes: Wikipedia (Edmund Crouchback)
48. John Plantagenet, Lord of Beaufort (Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born before 1286.
Research Notes: Wikipedia (Edmund Crouchback)
49. Mary Plantagenet (Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1)
50. Elizabeth of Rhuddlan, Princess of England 96 97 98 (King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 7 Aug 1282 in Rhuddlan Castle, Rhuddlan, Denbighshire, Wales, died on 5 May 1316 in Quendon, Essex, England at age 33, and was buried in Waltham Abbey, Essex, England.
Birth Notes: Wikipedia or some other source has b. 7 Aug 1282 or 1281. Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry, Edited by Thomas Allen Glenn at the request of Howard Reifsnyder, privately printed, Philadelphia, 1902, provided by http://books.google.com, p. 31 has b. 1284.
Death Notes: Per Wikipedia, died in childbirth
Research Notes: From Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry, p. 49:
"I. THE PRINCESS ELIZABETH PLANTAGENET, daughter of Edward I by his first wife, Eleanor of Castile, was born at Rudlan Castle, in Flintshire, 1284. She married, first, in London, John, Earl of Holland, who died without issue two years after his marriage; and secondly, Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford and Lord High Constable of England. By her second husband she had a son: William de Bohun.
---------
From Wikipedia - Elizabeth of Rhuddlan :
Elizabeth of Rhuddlan (Elizabeth Plantagenet) (7 August 1282 Rhuddlan Castle - 5 May 1316 Quendon )
Born the eighth daughter of Edward I of England and Eleanor of Castile . Of all her siblings, she was closest to her younger brother Edward II of England , as they were only two years apart in age.
In April 1285 there were negotiations with Floris V for Elizabeth's betrothal to his son John I, Count of Holland . The offer was accepted and John was sent to England to be educated. On 8 January 1297 Elizabeth was married to John at Ipswich . In attendance at the marriage were Elizabeth's sister Margaret , her father, Edward I of England , her brother Edward , and Humphrey de Bohun . After the wedding Elizabeth was expected to go to Holland with her husband, but did not wish to go, leaving her husband to go alone.
After some time travelling England , it was decided Elizabeth should follow her husband. Her father accompanied her, travelling through Antwerp , Malines , Louvain and Brussels , before ending up in Ghent . There they remained for a few months, spending Christmas with her two sister's Eleanor of England, Countess of Bar and Margaret Plantagenet . On 10 November 1299 , John died of dysentery , though there were rumours of his being murdered. No children had been born from the marriage.
On her return trip to England , Elizabeth went through Brabant to see her sister Margaret. When she arrived in England , she met her step mother Margaret of France , whom Edward had married whilst she was in Holland . Reportedly, they became inseparable. On 14 November 1302 Elizabeth was married to Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford , 3rd of Essex, also Constable of England , at Westminster Abbey .
During Christmas 1315 Elizabeth, who was pregnant with her 10th child, was visited by her sister-in-law Isabella of France . This was a great honour, but the stress of it may have caused unknown health problems that later contributed to Elizabeth's death in childbirth. On 5 May 1316 she went into labour, giving birth to her daughter Isabella. Both Elizabeth and Isabella died shortly after the birthing, and were buried together in Waltham Abbey .
The children of Elizabeth and Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford are:
Hugh de Bohun (September 1303 - 1305 )
Eleanor de Bohun (October 1304 - 1363 ), married James Butler, 1st Earl of Ormonde and Thomas Dagworth , 1st Baron Dagworth.
Humphrey de Bohun (b&d 1305 )
John de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford (23 November 1306 - 1335 )
Agnes de Bohun, (November 1309 - ), married Robert de Ferrers, Earl of Chartley
Humphrey de Bohun, 6th Earl of Hereford (6 December about 1309 - 1361 )
Margaret de Bohun (3 April 1311 - 1391 ), married Hugh Courtenay, 2nd Earl of Devon
William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton (1312 - 1360 ). Twin of Edward. Married Elizabeth de Badlesmere.
Edward de Bohun (1312 - 1334 ). Twin of William.
Eneas de Bohun, (1314 - after 1322 ), when he's mentioned in his father's will.
Isabel de Bohun (b&d 5 May 1316 )
Elizabeth married John , Count of Holland and Zealand.
Elizabeth next married Humphrey VIII de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford & 3rd Earl of Essex 126 127 on 14 Nov 1302 in Westminster Palace, London, England. Humphrey was born about 1276 in Pleshey Castle, Essex, England and died on 16 Mar 1322 in Boroughbridge, Yorkshire, England about age 46.
Death Notes: At the Battle of Boroughbridge, murdered in an ambush by the Welsh.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 70 M i. Sir William de Bohun, K.G., 1st Earl of Northampton 128 129 was born about 1311 and died on 16 Sep 1360 about age 49.
+ 71 F ii. Eleanor de Bohun 130 was born in Oct 1304 and died on 7 Oct 1363 at age 59.
+ 72 M iii. John de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford was born on 23 Nov 1306 and died in 1335 at age 29.
+ 73 M iv. Humphrey de Bohun, 6th Earl of Hereford 131 was born on 6 Dec 1309, died on 15 Oct 1361 in Pleshey Castle, Essex, England at age 51, and was buried in Friars Augustine, London.
+ 74 F v. Margaret de Bohun 132 133 was born on 3 Apr 1311 in Caldecote, Northamptonshire, England, died on 16 Dec 1391 in Exeter, Devonshire, England at age 80, and was buried in Exeter Cathedral, Devonshire, England.
+ 75 M vi. Edward de Bohun 127 was born in 1312 and died in 1334 at age 22.
+ 76 M vii. Eneas de Bohun was born about 1313 and died after 1322.
+ 77 F viii. Agnes de Bohun was born in Nov 1309.
51. Eleanor of England (King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 18 Jun 1269, died on 29 Aug 1298 at age 29, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, Midlesex, England.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Eleanor of England (1269-1298) :
Eleanor of England (18 June 1269 - 29 August 1298 ), was the eldest surviving daughter of Edward I of England and his first wife, Eleanor of Castile .
For a long period she was betrothed to King Alphonso III of Aragon (d. 18 June 1291 ). However, Alphonso's death occurred before the marriage could take place.
Eleanor subsequently married the French nobleman, Henry III, Count of Bar in 1293, as a means of allying Bar and England against the Kings of France. Eleanor and Henry had three surviving children:
Eleanor pre-deceased her husband and was buried 12 October 1298 in Westminster Abbey .
Eleanor married Henry III , Count of Bar on 20 Sep 1283 in Bristol, England. Henry was born in 1259 in Naples, Italy and died in Sep 1302 at age 43.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 78 M i. Edward I of Bar, Comte de Bar was born in 1284 and died in 1336 at age 52.
+ 79 F ii. Eleanor was born in 1285.
+ 80 F iii. Jeanne was born in 1295 and died in 1361 at age 66.
52. Joan of Acre 99 100 (King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1272 in Acre, Syria and died on 23 Apr 1307 at age 35.
Research Notes: Second wife of Sir Gilbert de Clare.
From Wikipedia - Joan of Acre :
Joan of Acre (April 1272 - April 23 , 1307 ) was the daughter of King Edward I of England and Queen Eleanor . She is most notable for her marriage to Ralph de Monthermer and the claim that miracles have allegedly taken place at her grave. She is also notable for the multiple references of her in literature.
Birth and Childhood
Joan, or Joanna, of Acre as she is sometimes referred to, was born in the spring of 1272 in Syria, while her parents, King Edward I and Queen Eleanor of Castille, were on the crusade .[2] She was the only English princess to be born outside of her native land, in the city of Acre, where her name derives from.[3] Her parents departed from Acre shortly after her birth, traveling to Sicily and Spain[4] before leaving Joan with her grandmother in Ponthieu, France.[5] Joan lived for several years in France where she spent her time being educated by a bishop and "being thoroughly spoiled by an indulgent grandmother."[6] Joan was free to play among the "vine clad hills and sunny vales"[7] surrounding her grandmother's home, although she required "judicious surveillance."[8]
As Joan was growing up with her grandmother, her father was back in England, already arranging marriages for his daughter. He wanted to gain both political power and more wealth with his daughter, so he conducted the arrangement in a very "business like style".[9] He finally found a man suitable to marry Joan (aged 5 at the time), Hartman, son of King Rudoph I, of Germany. Edward then brought her home from France for the first time to meet him.[10] As she had spent her entire life away from Edward and Eleanor, when she returned she "stood in no awe of her parents"[11] and had a fairly distanced relationship with them.
Unfortunately for King Edward, his daughter's suitor died before he was able to meet or marry Joan. The news reported that Hartman had fallen through a patch of shallow ice while "amusing himself in skating" while a letter sent to the King himself stated that Hartman had set out on a boat to visit his father amidst a terrible fog and the boat had smashed into a rock, drowning him.[12]
First Marriage
Edward arranged a second marriage almost immediately after the death of Hartman.[13] Gilbert de Clare, earl of Gloucester, who was almost thirty years older than Joan and newly divorced was his first choice.[14] The earl resigned his lands to Edward upon agreeing to get them back when he married Joan, as well as agreed on a dower of two thousand silver marks.[15] By the time all of these negotiations were finished, Joan was twelve years old.[16] Gilbert de Clare became very enamored with Joan, and even though she had to marry him regardless of how she felt, he still tried to woo her.[17] He bought her expensive gifts and clothing to try to win favor with her.[18] The couple were married on April 30th, 1290 at Westminster Abbey, and had four children together.[19]
They were:
Gilbert de Clare, 8th Earl of Hertford
Eleanor de Clare
Margaret de Clare
Elizabeth de Clare
Joan's first husband, Gilbert de Clare died on December 7th, 1295.[20]
Secret Second Marriage
Joan had been a widow for only a little over a year when she caught the eye of Ralph de Monthermer , a squire in Joan's father's household.[21] Joan fell in love and convinced her father to have Monthermer knighted. It was unheard of in European royalty for one in power to even converse with a man who had not won or acquired importance in the household. However, in January during the year of 1297, the couple was secretly married.[22] Ralph de Monthermer, 1st Baron Monthermer, and Joan of Acre blind-sided her father with this secret while he was already planning another marriage for his daughter to Amadeus V, Count of Savoy.[23] The arrangements for this marriage were quickly made through written letters. The date was to be March 16th, 1297. Joan of Acre was in dangerous predicament, as she was already a wedded wife, unbeknownst to her father. She sent her son and little daughters over to Edward I, their grandfather, in hopes that their sweetness would serve in her favor. However, her plan did not work.[24] He soon found out the intentions his daughter had, but did not realize she had already committed them.[25]
Upon finding out, he took all of Joan's lands into his own hands and continued on with his planning of the arranged marriage between Joan and Amadeus of Savoy.[26]
Soon after the seizure of her lands, Joan told her father of the official marriage between her and Monthermer. He was enraged and retaliated by immediately throwing Monthermer in prison at Bristol Castle .[27] The people of the land had differing opinions on the princess' matter, however, and has been argued that ones who were most upset were those who wanted Joan's hand in marriage.[28]
With regard to the matter, Joan famously said, "It is not considered ignominious, nor disgraceful for a great earl to take a poor and mean woman to wife; neither, on the other hand, is it worthy of blame, or too difficult a thing to promote to honor a gallant youth."[29] It is said that not only this claim, but the possibility of the appearance of a pregnant stomach seemed to soften Edward's attitude towards the situation.[30]
At last, her father relented for the sake of his daughter and released Monthermer from prison in August 1297.[31] Monthermer paid homage August 2nd and getting the title of Earl of Gloucester and Earl of Hertford , rose to favor with the King during Joan's lifetime. [32]. Monthermer and Joan had four children:
Mary de Monthermer, born October 1297. In 1306 her grandfather King Edward I arranged for her to wed Duncan Macduff, 8th Earl of Fife .
Joan de Monthermer, born 1299, became a nun at Amesbury .
Thomas de Monthermer , 2nd Baron Monthermer, born 1301.
Edward de Monthermer, born 1304 and died 1339.
Relationship With Family
Acre was the seventh child of Edward I and Eleanor's fourteen children. Most of her older siblings died before the age of seven, and many of her younger siblings died before adulthood.[33] Of the survivors, included were Joan, four of her sisters, and her younger brother, Edward (later Edward II , King of England). [34]
Acre, like her siblings, was raised outside her family's household. She lived with her grandmother while her parents were on the crusade.[35] Edward I did not have a close relationship with most of his children while they were growing up, yet "he seemed fonder of his daughters than his sons."[36] In fact, most of the children who made it to adulthood were Edward's daughters.[37]
However, Acre's independent nature caused numerous conflicts between her and her father. Her father disapproved of her leaving court after her marriage to the Earl of Gloucester, and in turn "seized seven robes that had been made for her."[38] He also strongly disapproved of her second marriage to Ralph de Monthermer, a squire in her household, even to the point of attempting to force her to marry someone else.[39][40] While Edward ultimately developed a cordial relationship with Monthermer, even giving him the title of Earl [41], there appears to have been a notable difference in the Edward's treatment of Joan as compared to the treatment of the rest of her siblings. For instance, her father famously paid messengers substantially when they brought news of the birth of grandchildren, but did not do this upon birth of Acre's daughter.[42]
In terms of her siblings, Acre kept a fairly tight bond. She and Monthermer both maintained a close relationship with her brother, Edward II, which was maintained through letters. After Edward II became estranged from his parents and lost his royal seal, "Joan offered to lend him her seal" instead.[43]
Death
Joan of Acre died on April 23, 1307.[44] The cause of her death remains unclear, though one popular theory is that she died during childbirth, a common cause of death at the time. However, historians have not confirmed this to be her cause of death.[45]
Less than four months after her death, Joan's father, Edward I died. Ralph de Monthermer was stripped of his title of Earl soon after the deaths of his wife and father in law, and the title was given to Joan's son from her first marriage, Gilbert.[46]
Joan's burial place has been the cause of some interest and debate. Allegedly, in 1357, Joan's daughter, Elizabeth De Burgh, claimed to have "inspected her mother's body and found the corpse to be intact,"[47]an indication of sanctity. Some sources claim that miracles have taken place at her tomb, from a cure of the toothache to the fever, which was often fatal at the time. [48]
Joan married Sir Gilbert de Clare, 9th Earl of Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford 134 135 136 about 30 Apr 1290 in Westminster Abbey, London, Midlesex, England. Gilbert was born on 2 Sep 1243 in Christchurch, Hampshire (Dorset), England, died on 7 Dec 1295 in Monmouth Castle, Monmouthshire, Wales at age 52, and was buried on 22 Dec 1295 in Tewkesbury Abbey, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England.
Noted events in his life were:
• 3rd Earl of Gloucester:
• 7th Earl of Hertford:
• Knighted: 14 May 1264.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 81 F i. Eleanor de Clare 136 137 138 was born on 3 Oct 1292 in Caerphilly, Glamorgan, Wales, died on 30 Jun 1337 at age 44, and was buried in Tewkesbury, Wiltshire, England.
53. Margaret Plantagenet (King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 15 Mar 1275 and died in 1318 at age 43.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Edward I of England
54. KingEdward II of England 101 102 (King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 25 Apr 1284 in Caernarfon Castle, Caernarfonshire, Gwynedd, Wales, died on 21 Sep 1327 in <Berkeley Castle, > near Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England at age 43, and was buried in Gloucester Cathedral, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Edward II of England :
Edward II, (April 25 , 1284 - September 21 , 1327 ) of Caernarfon , was King of England from 1307 until deposed in January 1327. His tendency to ignore his nobility in favour of low-born favourites led to constant political unrest and his eventual deposition. Edward is perhaps best remembered for his murder and his alleged homosexuality .
Edward II was the first monarch to establish colleges in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge ; he founded Cambridge's King's Hall in 1317 and gave Oxford's Oriel College its royal charter in 1326. Both colleges received the favour of Edward's son, Edward III , who confirmed Oriel's charter in 1327 and refounded King's Hall in 1337.
Prince of Wales
The fourth son of Edward I of England by his first wife Eleanor of Castile , Edward II was born at Caernarfon Castle . He was the first English prince to hold the title of the Prince of Wales , which was formalized by the Lincoln Parliament of February 7 , 1301 .
The story that his father presented Edward II as a newborn to the Welsh as their future native prince is unfounded (the Welsh would have asked the King to give them a prince that spoke Welsh , and he would have answered he would give them a prince that spoke no English at all); the story first appeared in the work of 16th century Welsh "antiquary " David Powel [citation needed ].
Edward became heir at just a few months old, following the death of his elder brother Alphonso . His father, a notable military leader, trained his heir in warfare and statecraft starting in his childhood, yet the young Edward preferred boating and craftsman work - activities thought beneath kings at the time...
On January 25 , 1308 , Edward married Isabella of France , the daughter of King Philip IV of France , "Philip the Fair," and sister to three French kings. The marriage was doomed to failure almost from the beginning. Isabella was frequently neglected by her husband, who spent much of his time conspiring with his favourites regarding how to limit the powers of the Peerage in order to consolidate his father's legacy for himself. Nevertheless, their marriage produced two sons, Edward (1312-1377), who would succeed his father on the throne as Edward III, and John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall (1316-1336), and two daughters, Eleanor (1318-1355) and Joanna (1321-1362), wife of David II of Scotland . Edward had also fathered at least one illegitimate son, Adam FitzRoy , who accompanied his father in the Scottish campaigns of 1322 and died on 18 September 1322 .
[edit ] War with the Barons
When Edward travelled to the northern French city of Boulogne to marry Isabella, he left his friend and counsellor Gaveston to act as regent. Gaveston also received the earldom of Cornwall and the hand of the king's niece, Margaret of Gloucester; these proved to be costly honours.
Various barons grew resentful of Gaveston, and insisted on his banishment through the Ordinances of 1311 . Edward recalled his friend, but in 1312, Gaveston was executed by the Earl of Lancaster and his allies, who claimed that Gaveston led the king to folly. (Gaveston was run through and beheaded on Blacklow Hill, outside the small village of Leek Wootton , where a monument called Gaveston's Cross still stands today).
Immediately following, Edward focused on the destruction of those who had betrayed him, while the barons themselves lost impetus (with Gaveston dead, they saw little need to continue). By mid-July, Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke was advising the king to make war on the barons who, unwilling to risk their lives, entered negotiations in September 1312. In October, the Earls of Lancaster, Warwick, Arundel and Hereford begged Edward's pardon.
[edit ] Conflict with Scotland
During this period, Robert the Bruce was steadily re-conquering Scotland . Each campaign begun by Edward, from 1307 to 1314, ended in Robert's clawing back more of the land that Edward I had taken during his long reign. Robert's military successes against Edward II were due to a number of factors, not the least of which was the Scottish King's strategy. He used small forces to trap an invading English army, he took castles by stealth to preserve his troops and he used the land itself as a weapon against Edward by attacking quickly and then disappearing into the hills before facing the superior numbers of the English. Castle by castle, Robert the Bruce rebuilt Scotland and united the country against its common enemy. Indeed, Robert is quoted as saying that he feared more the dead Edward I than the living Edward II. Thus, by June 1314, only Stirling Castle and Berwick remained under English control.
On 23 June 1314 , Edward and his army of 20,000 foot soldiers and 3000 cavalry faced Robert and his army of foot soldiers and farmers wielding 14 foot long pikes. Edward knew he had to keep the critical stronghold of Stirling Castle if there was to be any chance for English military success. The castle, however, was under a constant state of siege, and the English commander, Sir Phillip de Mowbray, had advised Edward that he would surrender the castle to the Scots unless Edward arrived by June 24 , 1314 , to relieve the siege. Edward could not afford to lose his last forward castle in Scotland. He decided therefore to gamble his entire army to break the siege and force the Scots to a final battle by putting its army into the field.
However, Edward had made a serious mistake in thinking that his vastly superior numbers alone would provide enough of a strategic advantage to defeat the Scots. Robert not only had the advantage of prior warning, as he knew the actual day that Edward would come north and fight, he also had the time to choose the field of battle most advantageous to the Scots and their style of combat. As Edward moved forward on the main road to Stirling, Robert placed his army on either side of the road north, one in the dense woods and the other placed on a bend on the river, a spot hard for the invading army to see. Robert also ordered his men to dig potholes and cover them with bracken in order to help break any cavalry charge.
By contrast, Edward did not issue his writs of service, calling upon 21,540 men, until May 27 , 1314 . Worse, his army was ill-disciplined and had seen little success in eight years of campaigns. On the eve of battle, he decided to move his entire army at night and placed it in a marshy area, with its cavalry laid out in nine squadrons in front of the foot soldiers. The following battle, the Battle of Bannockburn , is considered by contemporary scholars to be the worst defeat sustained by the English since the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
Tactics similar to Robert's were employed by victorious English armies against the French in later centuries, partly as a direct result of the enduring decisiveness of the Scots' victory. A young Henry V of England would use this exact tactic against French cavalry in a key battle on the fields of Agincourt in 1415, winning the day and the war against France.[citation needed ]...
[edit ] End of the Despensers
Reprisals against Edward's allies began immediately thereafter. The Earl of Arundel, an old enemy of Roger Mortimer, was beheaded; this was followed by the trial and execution of Despenser.
Despenser was brutally executed and a huge crowd gathered in anticipation at seeing him die. They dragged him from his horse, stripped him, and scrawled Biblical verses against corruption and arrogance on his skin. They then led him into the city, presenting him in the market square to Roger, Isabella, and the Lancastrians. He was then condemned to hang as a thief, be castrated , and then be drawn and quartered as a traitor, his quarters to be dispersed through England.
[edit ] Abdication
With the King imprisoned, Mortimer and the Queen faced the problem of what to do with him. The simplest solution would be execution: his titles would then pass to Edward of Windsor, whom Isabella could control, while it would also prevent the possibility of his being restored. Execution would require the King to be tried and convicted of treason: and while most Lords agreed that Edward had failed to show due attention to his country, several Prelates argued that, appointed by God, the King could not be legally deposed or executed; if this happened, they said, God would punish the country. Thus, at first, it was decided to have Edward imprisoned for life instead.
However, the fact remained that the legality of power still lay with the King. Isabella had been given the Great Seal, and was using it to rule in the names of the King, herself, and their son as appropriate; nonetheless, these actions were illegal, and could at any moment be challenged.
In these circumstances, Parliament chose to act as an authority above the King. Representatives of the House of Commons were summoned, and debates began. The Archbishop of York and others declared themselves fearful of the London mob, loyal to Roger Mortimer. Others wanted the King to speak in Parliament and openly abdicate , rather than be deposed by the Queen and her General. Mortimer responded by commanding the Mayor of London , Richard de Bethune, to write to Parliament, asking them to go to the Guildhall to swear an oath to protect the Queen and Prince Edward, and to depose the King. Mortimer then called the great lords to a secret meeting that night, at which they gave their unanimous support to the deposition of the King.
Eventually Parliament agreed to remove the King. However, for all that Parliament had agreed that the King should no longer rule, they had not deposed him. Rather, their decision made, Edward was asked to accept it.
On January 20, Edward II was informed at Kenilworth Castle of the charges brought against him. The King was guilty of incompetence; allowing others to govern him to the detriment of the people and Church; not listening to good advice and pursuing occupations unbecoming to a monarch; having lost Scotland and lands in Gascony and Ireland through failure of effective governance; damaging the Church , and imprisoning its representatives; allowing nobles to be killed, disinherited, imprisoned and exiled; failing to ensure fair justice, instead governing for profit and allowing others to do likewise; and of fleeing in the company of a notorious enemy of the realm, leaving it without government, and thereby losing the faith and trust of his people. Edward, profoundly shocked by this judgement, wept while listening. He was then offered a choice: he might abdicate in favour of his son; or he might resist, and relinquish the throne to one not of royal blood, but experienced in government - this, presumably, being Roger Mortimer. The King, lamenting that his people had so hated his rule, agreed that if the people would accept his son, he would abdicate in his favour. The lords, through the person of Sir William Trussel, then renounced their homage to him, and the reign of Edward II ended.
The abdication was announced and recorded in London on January 24, and the following day was proclaimed the first of the reign of Edward III - who, at 14, was still controlled by Isabella and Mortimer. The former King Edward remained imprisoned.
Death
Edward II's tomb at Gloucester Cathedral
The government of Isabella and Mortimer was so precarious that they dared not leave the deposed king in the hands of their political enemies. On April 3, Edward II was removed from Kenilworth and entrusted to the custody of two dependents of Mortimer, then later imprisoned at Berkeley Castle in Gloucestershire where, it is generally believed, he was murdered by an agent of Isabella and Mortimer...
Following the public announcement of the king's death, the rule of Isabella and Mortimer did not last long. Mortimer and Isabella made peace with the Scots in the Treaty of Northampton , but this move was highly unpopular. Consequently, when Edward III came of age in 1330, he executed Roger Mortimer on fourteen charges of treason, most significantly the murder of Edward II (thereby removing any public doubt about his father's survival). Edward III spared his mother and gave her a generous allowance, but ensured that she retired from public life for several years. She died at Hertford on August 23 , 1358 .
Noted events in his life were:
• King of England: 1307-1327.
Edward married Isabella , of France 139 140 on 25 Jan 1308 in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France. Isabella was born about 1295 in Paris, (Île-de-France), France and died on 22 Aug 1358 about age 63.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 82 M i. Edward III King of England 141 142 143 was born on 13 Nov 1312 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England and died on 21 Jun 1377 in Sheen Palace, Richmond, Surrey, England at age 64.
+ 83 M ii. John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall was born in 1316.
+ 84 F iii. Eleanor Countess of Guelders was born in 1318.
+ 85 F iv. Joan Queen of Scots was born in 1321.
55. Thomas of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk (King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 1 Jun 1300 and died in 1338 at age 38.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 16-29
Thomas married Alice Hales after 1316. Alice died after 8 May 1316.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 86 F i. Margaret Duchess of Norfolk died on 24 Mar 1399.
56. Catherine verch Llewellyn Gryffyth (Elinor de Montfort35, Eleanor24, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1)
Catherine married Philip ap Ifor, Lord of Is Coed.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 87 F i. Eleanor ferch Philip ap Ifor was born in 1318.
57. Gwenllian ferch Llewelyn ap Gruffudd (Elinor de Montfort35, Eleanor24, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1)
58. Roger de Mortimer, of Wigmore, 1st Baron Mortimer 79 109 110 (Gwladys "Ddu" verch Llewellyn38, Joan , Princess of Gwynedd25, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1231 in Cwmaron Castle, Radnorshire, Wales and died on 27 Oct 1282 in Kingsland, Herefordshire, England about age 51.
Birth Notes: FamilySearch has b. 1221, Cwmaron Castle, Radnorshire, Wales
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), Line 28-29 and 176B-29
From Wikipedia - Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer :
Roger Mortimer (1231- 30 October 1282), 1st Baron Mortimer , was a famous and honoured knight from Wigmore Castle in Herefordshire . He was a loyal ally of King Henry III of England . He was at times an enemy, at times an ally, of the Welsh prince, Llywelyn the Last .
Early career
Born in 1231, Roger was the son of Ralph de Mortimer and his Welsh wife, Princess Gwladys Ddu , daughter of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth .
In 1256 Roger went to war with Llywelyn ap Gruffydd when the latter invaded his lordship of Gwrtheyrnion or Rhayader . This war would continue intermittently until the death of both Roger and Llywelyn in 1282. They were both grandsons of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth .
Mortimer fought for the King against the rebel Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester , and almost lost his life in 1264 at the Battle of Lewes fighting Montfort's men. In 1265 Mortimer's wife, Maud de Braose helped rescue Prince Edward ; and Mortimer and the Prince made an alliance against de Montfort.
Victor at Evesham
In August 1265, de Montfort's army was surrounded by the River Avon on three sides, and Prince Edward's army on the fourth. Mortimer had sent his men to block the only possible escape route, at the Bengeworth bridge. The Battle of Evesham began in earnest. A storm roared above the battle field. Montfort's Welsh soldiers broke and ran for the bridge, where they were slaughtered by Mortimer's men. Mortimer himself killed Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester in crushing Montfort's army. Mortimer was awarded Montfort's severed head and other parts of his anatomy, which he sent home to Wigmore Castle as a gift for his wife, Lady Mortimer.
Marriage and children
Lady Mortimer was Maud de Braose , daughter of William de Braose, Lord of Abergavenny by Eva Marshal . Roger Mortimer had married her in 1247. She was, like him, a scion of a Welsh Marches family. Their children were:
Ralph Mortimer, died 1276.
Edmund Mortimer, 2nd Baron Mortimer (1251-1304), married Margaret de Fiennes , the daughter of William II de Fiennes and Blanche de Brienne . Had issue, including Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
Isabella Mortimer , died 1292. She married (1) John Fitzalan, 7th Earl of Arundel , (2) Robert de Hastings
Margaret Mortimer , died 1297. She married Robert de Vere, 6th Earl of Oxford
Roger Mortimer of Chirk , died 1326.
Geoffrey Mortimer , a knight
William Mortimer , a knight
Their eldest son, Ralph, was a famed knight but died in his youth. The second son, Edmund, was recalled from Oxford University and appointed his father's heir.
Epitaph
Roger Mortimer died on 30 October 1282, and was buried at Wigmore Abbey , where his tombstone read:
"Here lies buried, glittering with praise, Roger the pure, Roger Mortimer the second, called Lord of Wigmore by those who held him dear. While he lived all Wales feared his power, and given as a gift to him all Wales remained his. It knew his campaigns, he subjected it to torment."
Roger married Maud de Braose 79 144 145 in 1247. Maud was born in 1224 in <Gower, Glamorganshire>, Wales, died before 23 Mar 1301 in Herefordshire, England, and was buried in Wigmore Abbey, Wigmore, Herefordshire, England.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 88 F i. Isabella de Mortimer 136 146 died before 1 Apr 1292.
+ 89 M ii. Sir Edmund de Mortimer, 7th Baron Mortimer of Wigmore 147 148 was born in 1261 in <Wigmore, Herefordshire>, England, died on 17 Jul 1304 in Wigmore, Herefordshire, England at age 43, and was buried in Wigmore, Herefordshire, England.
59. Hugh I de Audley 41 83 (Ela Longspee39, William II Longspée26, William Longspée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury16, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1250 in Audley, Staffordshire, England and died about 1336 about age 86.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Hugh I de Audley :
Hugh de Audley (ca. 1250 - ca. 1336) was a member of the Audley-Stanley family and the father of Hugh de Audley, 1st Earl of Gloucester .
Lineage
He was born in Audley in the English County of Staffordshire , the son of James of Aldithley (born c. 1225 in Audley , Staffordshire ) and Ela Longspee (daughter of William II Longespee , and his great great grandfather was therefore Henry II , King of England.
Family
He married Isolda de Mortimer , the daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 2nd Baron Mortimer , and had 3 children:
Hugh married Isolde de Mortimer 148 in Wigmore, Herefordshire, England. Isolde was born about 1270 in <Wigmore, Herefordshire>, England and died in 1328 about age 58.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 90 F i. Alice Audley 41 was born about 1304 in Hadley, Staffordshire, England, died on 11 Jan 1374 in Greystoke, Northumberland, England about age 70, and was buried in Durham Cathedral, Durham, Durham, England.
60. Humphrey VII de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford & 2nd Earl of Essex 112 113 (Humphrey VI de Bohun40, Humphrey V de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, 7th Earl of Essex27, Henry de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford17, Margaret , of Huntingdon12, Henry, of Huntingdon, Earl of Northumberland & Huntingdon9, David I "The Saint", King of Scots5, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1249 and died on 31 Dec 1298 in Pleshey Castle, Essex, England about age 49.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 97-30 has b. abt 1249, d. Pleshey, 31 Dec. 1298, 3rd Earl of Hereford and Essex, Constable of England.
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From Wikipedia - Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford:
"Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford and 2nd Earl of Essex (1249 - December 31 , 1297 ) was one of several noblemen of the same name to have held the earldom of Hereford, and a key figure in the Norman conquest of Wales .
"He was the son of Humphrey de Bohun, by Eleanor de Braose, a daughter of William de Braose, Lord of Abergavenny and Eve Marshall. His mother died in 1251 ; his father died in 1265 of wounds sustained at the Battle of Evesham . He succeeded his grandfather, Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford , in 1275 as Earl of Hereford and Essex and Lord High Constable .
"Humphrey de Bohun took part in Roger Mortimer 's war against the Welsh, and was present at the defeat at Cefnllys in November, 1262 , by Llywelyn ap Gruffydd . Around 1264 , he was made Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports .
"He also participated in the campaigns against the Gaules and Scots. He refused to pay tribute to Edward I of England and convened an army at Worcester on 24 Jun 1277. In the campaign he commanded the nobles of Marhces and recovered the land of Brecon. He was later imprisoned but freed by a ransom of 10,000 marcs.
"In 1294, Humprhey fought (again) against Edward at Gallois along with Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk and other barons. Ultimately, Humphrey regained the royal favor in Scotland on the side of Edward I, and won the victory at Falkirk on 22 July 1298. He died in Pleshley Castle, Essex on 31 December 1298 or 1 Jan 1299 and was buried with his wife at Walden Abbey in Essex, founded by Geoffrey de Mandeville "
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From A History of Wales by John Davies, London, 2007, p.150:
"From 1272 onwards, Bohun and Mortimer redoubled their efforts to repossess the Marcher Lordships granted to Llywelyn under the Treaty of Montgomery. In 1274, there was a dramatic addition to the ranks of the prince's enemies when his brother, Dafydd, and his chief vassal, Gruffudd ap Gwenwynwyn, fled to England, leaving behind them evidence of a plot to kill him."
Noted events in his life were:
• Constable of England:
Humphrey married Maud de Fiennes 113 149 on 17 Jul 1275. Maud was born between 1236 and 1259 and died before 31 Dec 1298.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 91 M i. Humphrey VIII de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford & 3rd Earl of Essex 126 127 was born about 1276 in Pleshey Castle, Essex, England and died on 16 Mar 1322 in Boroughbridge, Yorkshire, England about age 46.
61. Alianore de Bohun 114 (Humphrey VI de Bohun40, Humphrey V de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, 7th Earl of Essex27, Henry de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford17, Margaret , of Huntingdon12, Henry, of Huntingdon, Earl of Northumberland & Huntingdon9, David I "The Saint", King of Scots5, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) died on 20 Feb 1314.
Research Notes: Second wife of Robert de Ferrers.
Alianore married Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby 150 on 26 Jun 1269. Robert was born in 1239 and died in 1279 at age 40.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 92 M i. Sir John de Ferrers, of Southoe and Keyston 151 was born on 30 Jun 1271 in Cardiff and died in Aug 1312 in Gascony at age 41.
Tenth Generation 62. Jeanne of Navarre 116 (Blanche , of Artois44, Robert I "the Good" , Count of Artois29, Blanche , of Castile19, Eleanor , of England14, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in Jan 1272 and died on 2 Apr 1305 at age 33.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Isabella of France.
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 45-31.
Jeanne married Philip IV , King of France 152 on 16 Aug 1284 in Paris, (Île-de-France), France. Philip was born in 1268 in Fontainebleau and died on 29 Nov 1314 at age 46.
Noted events in his life were:
• Crowned: King of France, 1285.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 93 F i. Isabella of France 139 140 was born about 1295 in Paris, (Île-de-France), France and died on 22 Aug 1358 about age 63.
+ 94 M ii. Charles IV of France
63. Eleanor of Lancaster 120 121 (Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1318 in England, died on 11 Jan 1372 in Arundel Castle, West Sussex, England about age 54, and was buried in Lewes Priory, Lewes, Sussex, England.
Research Notes: Second wife of Richard (FitzAlan) d'Arundel.
From Wikipedia - Eleanor of Lancaster :
Eleanor of Lancaster (sometimes called Eleanor Plantagenet 1) (about 1315 - 11 January 1372 ) was born as the fifth daughter of Henry, Earl of Lancaster (c. 1281-1345) and his wife Maud Chaworth (1282-1322).
First marriage and offspring
Sometime between September 1 and November 6 , 1330 , she married John de Beaumont, 2nd Lord Beaumont , son of Henry Beaumont, 4th Earl of Buchan (c. 1288 - 1340) and his wife Alice Comyn (c. 1291-1349). They had two children:
Henry Beaumont, 3rd Lord Beaumont , born 1340
Matilda Beaumont (died July 1467), married Hugh de Courtenay
Eleanor was a lady-in-waiting to Queen Philippa , and was in service to her in Ghent when her son Henry was born. John de Beaumont died in a tournament on 14 April 1342 .
Second marriage
On 5 February 1344 at Ditton Church , Stoke Poges , Buckinghamshire , she married Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel (9th Earl of Arundel per Ancestral Roots), 4th Earl of Surrey, known by the soubriquet of "Copped Hat", Justiciar of North Wales, Governor of Carnarvon Castle, Admiral of the West.2
His previous marriage, to Isabel le Despenser , had taken place when they were children. It was annulled by Papal mandate as she, since her father's attainder and execution, had ceased to be of any importance to him. Pope Clement VI obligingly annulled the marriage, bastardized the issue, and provided a dispensation for his second marriage to the woman with whom he had been living in adultery (the dispensation, dated 4 March 1344 /1345 , was required because his first and second wives were first cousins).
The children of Eleanor's second marriage were:
Richard (1346-1397), who succeeded as Earl of Arundel
John Fitzalan (bef 1349-1379)
Thomas Arundel , Archbishop of York (c. 1345-February 19 , 1413 )
Joan Fitzalan (bef. 1351-April 17 , 1419 ), married Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford
Alice Fitzalan (1352 -March 17 , 1416 ), married Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent (Thomas Holand)
Eleanor died at Arundel and was buried at Lewes Priory in Lewes , Sussex , England. Her husband was buried beside her; in his will Richard requests to be buried "near to the tomb of Eleanor de Lancaster, my wife; and I desire that my tomb be no higher than hers, that no men at arms, horses, hearse, or other pomp, be used at my funeral, but only five torches...as was about the corpse of my wife, be allowed."
Sources
Notes
Eleanor married John de Beaumont, Earl of Buchan, 2nd Lord Beaumont 153 154 on 6 Nov 1330.155 John was born in 1318 and died on 14 Apr 1342 at age 24.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 95 M i. Henry Beaumont, 3rd Lord Beaumont was born in 1340.
+ 96 F ii. Matilda Beaumont died in Jul 1467.
Eleanor next married Sir Richard "Copped Hat" FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel and Warenne 156 157 158 on 5 Feb 1345 in Ditton Church, Stokes Poges, Buckinghamshire, England. Richard was born about 1313, died on 24 Jan 1376 in Arundel, West Sussex, England about age 63, and was buried in Lewes Priory, Lewes, Sussex, England.
Marriage Notes: Wikipedia
Noted events in his life were:
• Earl of Arundel: 1331.
• Lord of Bromfield (Wrexham) and Yale: 30 Jun 1347. upon the death of his uncle, John II de Warenne.
• Inherited: castles of Caerleon (Holt) and Dinas Bran, 30 Jun 1347.
• Did homage: to Edward III, 24 Oct 1353. for Bromfield and Yale as immediately subject to the Crown.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 97 M i. Sir Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel & 10th Earl of Surrey 159 160 161 162 was born in 1346 in <Arundel, West Sussex>, England and died on 21 Sep 1397 in Cheapside, London, England at age 51.
+ 98 M ii. John FitzAlan, 1st Baron Arundel and Lord Maltravers 163 164 was born about 1348 in Etchingham, Sussex, England and died on 16 Dec 1379 about age 31.
+ 99 M iii. Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of York 120 was born about 1350 and died on 19 Feb 1413 about age 63.
+ 100 F iv. Joan FitzAlan 165 was born about 1348, died on 17 Apr 1419 about age 71, and was buried in Walden Abbey, Essex, England.
+ 101 F v. Alice FitzAlan 120 was born in 1350 and died on 17 Mar 1416 at age 66.
64. Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster 122 (Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1310 and died on 23 Mar 1361 about age 51.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Alice Comyn :
Isabel de Beaumont (c.1320- 1361), married in 1337 Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster , by whom she had two daughters, Maud, Countess of Leicester and Blanche of Lancaster .
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From Wikipedia - Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster :
Henry of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster[a] (c.1310 - 23 March 1361), also Earl of Derby and Leicester, was a member of the English nobility in the 14th century, and a prominent English diplomat , politician , and soldier . The son and heir of Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster and Maud Chaworth , he became one of Edward III 's most trusted Captains in the early phases of the Hundred Years' War , and distinguished himself with victory in the Battle of Auberoche . He was a founding member of the Order of the Garter , and in 1351 was promoted to the title of duke. Grosmont was also the author of the book Livre de seyntz medicines; a highly personal devotional treatise. He is remembered as one of the founders and early patrons of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge , which was established by two of the guilds of the town in 1352.
Family background and early life
Grosmont's uncle, Thomas of Lancaster , was the son and heir of Edward I 's brother Edmund Crouchback . Through his inheritance and a fortunate marriage, Thomas became the wealthiest peer in England, but constant quarrels with King Edward II led to his execution in 1322.[1] Having no heir, Thomas's possessions and titles went to his younger brother Henry - Grosmont's father. Earl Henry of Lancaster assented to the deposition of Edward II in 1327, but did not long stay in favour with the regency of Queen Isabella and Roger Mortimer . When Edward III took personal control of the government in 1330, relations with the Crown got better, but by this time the older Henry was already struggling with poor health and blindness.[2]
Little is known of Grosmont's early years, but it seems clear that he was born at the castle of Grosmont in Monmouthshire , and that he was born c.1310, not around the turn of the century as previously held.[3] According to his own memoirs he was better at the martial arts than at academic subjects, and did not learn to read until later in life.[4] In 1330 he was knighted, and represented his father in parliament . The next year he is recorded as participating in a Royal tournament , at Cheapside .[3]
In 1333 he took part in Edward's Scottish campaign, though it is unclear whether he was present at the great English victory at the Battle of Halidon Hill .[5] After further service in the north , he was appointed the King's lieutenant in Scotland in 1336.[3] The next year he was one of the six men Edward III promoted to the higher levels of the peerage. One of his father's lesser titles, that of Earl of Derby , was bestowed upon Grosmont.[6]
Service in France
With the outbreak of the Hundred Years' War in 1337, Grosmont's attention was turned towards France . He took part in several diplomatic missions and minor campaigns, and was present at the great English victory in the naval battle of Sluys in 1340.[7] Later the same year, he was required to commit himself as hostage in the Low Countries for the king's considerable debts. He remained hostage until the next year, and had to pay a large ransom for his own release.[8] On his return he was made the king's lieutenant in the north, and stayed at Roxburgh until 1342. The next years he spent in diplomatic negotiations in the Low Countries, Castile and Avignon .[3]
In 1345 Edward III was planning a major assault on France. A three-pronged attack would have the Earl of Northampton attacking from Brittany , the King himself from Flanders , while Grosmont was dispatched to Aquitaine to prepare a campaign in the south.[3] Moving rapidly through the country he confronted the comte d'Isle at Auberoche on 21 October , and here achieved a victory described as 'the greatest single achievement of Lancaster's entire military career'.[9] The ransom from the prisoners has been estimated at £50,000.[10] The next year, while Edward was carrying out his Crécy campaign, Grosmont laid siege to, and captured, Poitiers , before returning home to England in 1347.[3]
Duke of Lancaster
In 1345, while Grosmont was in France, his father died. The younger Henry was now Earl of Lancaster - the wealthiest and most powerful peer of the realm. After participating in the siege of Calais in 1347, the king honoured Lancaster by including him as a founding knight of the Order of the Garter in 1348.[11] A few years later, in 1351, Edward bestowed an even greater honour on Lancaster, when he created him Duke of Lancaster . The title of duke was of relatively new origin in England; only one other ducal title existed prior.[b] In addition to this, Lancaster was given palatinate status for the county of Lancashire , which entailed a separate administration independent of the crown.[12] This grant was quite exceptional in English history; only two other counties palatine existed: Durham , which was an ancient ecclesiastical palatinate, and Chester , which was crown property. It is a sign of Edward's high regard for Lancaster that he would bestow such extensive privileges on him. The two men were also second cousins, through their great-grandfather Henry III , and practically coeval (Edward was born in 1312), so it is natural to assume that a strong sense of camaraderie existed between them. Another factor that might have influenced the king's decision was the fact that Henry had no male heir, so the grant was made for the Earl's lifetime only, and not intended to be hereditary.[3]
Further prestige
Lancaster spent the 1350s intermittently campaigning and negotiating peace treaties with the French. In 1350 he was present at the naval victory at Winchelsea , where he allegedly saved the lives of the Black Prince and John of Gaunt .[13] The years 1351-2 he spent on crusade in Prussia . It was here that a quarrel with Otto, Duke of Brunswick , almost led to a duel between the two men, narrowly averted by the intervention of the French King, Jean II .[14] In the later half of the decade campaigning in France resumed. After a chevauchée in Normandy in 1356 and the siege of Rennes in 1358, Lancaster participated in the last great offensive of the first phase of the Hundred Years' War: the Rheims campaign of 1359-60. Then he was appointed principal negotiator for the treaty of Brétigny , where the English achieved very favourable terms.[3]
Returning to England in November 1360 he fell ill early the next year, and died at Leicester Castle on 23 March . It is likely that the cause of death was the plague , which that year was making a second visitation of England.[15]
Private life
Lancaster was married to Isabella, daughter of Henry, Lord Beaumont , in 1330. The two had no sons, but two daughters: Maude and Blanche . While Maude was married to the Duke of Bavaria , Blanche married Edward III's younger son, John of Gaunt . Gaunt ended up inheriting Lancaster's possessions and ducal title, but it was not until 1377, when the dying King Edward III was largely incapacitated, that he was able to restore the palatinate rights for the county of Lancaster. When Gaunt's son Henry of Bolingbroke usurped the crown in 1399 and became Henry IV, the vast Lancaster inheritance was merged with the crown as the Duchy of Lancaster .[16]
We know more of Lancaster's character than of most of his contemporaries, through his memoirs the Livre de seyntz medicines (Book of the Holy Doctors). This book is a highly personal treatise on matters of religion and piety, but it also contains details of historical interest. It is, among other things, revealed that Lancaster, at the age of 44 when he wrote the book in 1354, suffered from gout .[3] The book is primarily a devotional work though; it is organized around seven wounds which Henry claims to have, representing the seven sins. Lancaster confesses to his sins, explains various real and mythical medical remedies in terms of their theological symbolism, and exhorts the reader to greater morality.[17]
Henry married Isabel de Beaumont 155 in 1337.155 Isabel was born about 1320 and died in 1361 about age 41.
65. Blanche of Lancaster 123 (Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1305 and died before 12 Jul 1380.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Maud Chaworth :
Blanche of Lancaster , (about 1302/05-1380); Maud's eldest daughter was probably born between 1302 and 1305, and was named after her father's mother Blanche of Artois . Around 9 October 1316, she married Thomas Wake , the second baron of Liddell. Blanch was about forty-five when Thomas died and lived as a widow for more than thirty years. She was one of the executers of her brother Henry's will when he died in 1361. Blanche outlived all her siblings, dying shortly before 12 July 1380 in her mid to late seventies. Born in the reign of Edward I, she survived all the way into the reign of his great grandson Richard II.
66. Maud of Lancaster 123 (Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1310 and died about 1377 about age 67.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Maud Chaworth :
Maud of Lancaster, (about 1310-1345)There is some discrepancy as to when Maud died. Another possible date of her death is 1377[3]
married William de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster in 1327. They bore one child, Elizabeth de Burgh who was born 6 July 1332. Eleven months after the birth of their child, Earl William was murdered at "Le Ford" in Belfast, apparently by some of his own men. The countess Maud fled to England with her baby and stayed with the royal family. In 1337, Maud of Lancaster managed to ensure that the Justiciar of Ireland was forbidden to pardon her husband's killers. She fought for her dower rights and exerted some influence there. She remarried in 1344 to Ralph Ufford and returned to Ireland where she had another daughter, Maud. After her second husband fell ill in 1346, she again returned to England. Maud of Lancaster died on May 5, 1345/77.
67. Joan of Lancaster 124 (Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1312 and died on 7 Jul 1345 in Yorkshire, England about age 33.
Death Notes: Died of the plague
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Joan of Lancaster :
Joan of Lancaster (c. 1310 - 7 July 1345) is also called Joan Plantagenet after her family's name. She married John de Mowbray, 3rd Baron Mowbray on 28 February 1326 or 1327, then died in Yorkshire , England, of the plague.[1]
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From Wikipedia - Maud Chaworth :
Joan of Lancaster , (about 1312-1345); married between February 28 and June 4, 1327 to John, Lord Mowbray . John's father was horribly executed for reasons unknown and young John was imprisoned in the Tower of London along with his mother Alice de Braose, until late 1326. A large part of his inheritance was granted to Hugh Despenser the Younger, who was his future wife's uncle; however he was set free in 1327 before the marriage. Joan of Lancaster probably died in her early thirties, sometime before August 1344.
68. Isabel of Lancaster, Abess of Ambresbury (Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1317 and died after 1347.
69. Mary of Lancaster 123 (Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1320 and died on 1 Sep 1362 about age 42.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Maud Chaworth :
Mary of Lancaster, (about 1320-1362); married Henry, Lord Percy before September 4, 1334 who fought at the battle of Crecy in 1346, and served in Gascony under the command of his brother in law Henry of Grosmont. Their son was Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland . Mary of Lancaster died on 1 September 1362, the year after her brother Henry.
70. Sir William de Bohun, K.G., 1st Earl of Northampton 128 129 (Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England50, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1311 and died on 16 Sep 1360 about age 49.
Research Notes: He was the twin of Edward de Bohun.
From Wikipedia - William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton:
He was the fifth son of Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford and Elizabeth of Rhuddlan . He had a twin brother, Edward. His maternal grandparents were Edward I of England and his first Queen consort Eleanor of Castile .
In 1332 he received many new properties: Hinton and Spaine in Berkshire; Hasley, Ascot, Dedington, Pyrton and Kirklington in Oxfordshire; Wincomb in Buckinghamshire; Longbenington in Lincolnshire; Kneesol in Bottinghamshire; Newnsham in Gloucestershire, Wix in Essex, and Bosham in Sussex. He was created Earl of Northampton in 1337 , adding to the titles of Count of Hereford and Essex.
In 1339 he accompanied the King to Flanders. He served variously in Brittany and in Scotland , and was present at the great English victories at Sluys and was a commander at Crécy .
In addition to being a warrior, William was also a renowned diplomat. He negotiated two treaties with France, one in 1343 and one in 1350. He was also charged with negotiating in Scotland for the freedom of David Bruce, prisoner of the English.
De Bohun was succeeded by his son Humphrey , who also succeeded his uncle and became 7th earl of Hereford. His daughter Elizabeth de Bohun was married to Richard Fitzalan, 11th Earl of Arundel .
Noted events in his life were:
• 6th Earl of Northampton: 16 Mar 1337.
William married Elizabeth de Badlesmere.166 167 168 169 Elizabeth was born about 1313 in Castle Badlesmere, Kent, England, died on 8 Jun 1356 about age 43, and was buried in Walden Abbey, Essex, England.
Death Notes: Wikipedia (or some other source) has d. 8 Jun 1356. This contradicts Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry, Edited by Thomas Allen Glenn at the request of Howard Reifsnyder, privately printed, Philadelphia, 1902, provided by http://books.google.com, pp. 49, which has 5 Jun 1378, taken from the inscription on a table in Black Friars church, London.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 102 F i. Elizabeth de Bohun, Countess of Arundel 161 170 171 was born about 1350 and died on 3 Apr 1385 about age 35.
+ 103 M ii. Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford, Earl of Essex & Northampton 172 173 was born in 1342, died on 16 Jan 1373 at age 31, and was buried in Walden Abbey, Essex, England.
71. Eleanor de Bohun 130 (Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England50, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in Oct 1304 and died on 7 Oct 1363 at age 59.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 7-30
Also Source: Wikipedia - Elizabeth of Rhuddlan
Eleanor married James le Botiller, 1st Earl of Ormond 174 in 1327. James was born about 1305 and died on 6 Jan 1338 about age 33.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 104 M i. James Botiller, 2nd Earl of Ormond was born on 4 Oct 1331 in Kilkenny, Ireland and died in 1382 at age 51.
+ 105 F ii. Petronilla Botiller 175 died about 1368.
72. John de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford (Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England50, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 23 Nov 1306 and died in 1335 at age 29.
73. Humphrey de Bohun, 6th Earl of Hereford 131 (Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England50, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 6 Dec 1309, died on 15 Oct 1361 in Pleshey Castle, Essex, England at age 51, and was buried in Friars Augustine, London.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Humphrey de Bohun, 6th Earl of Hereford :
Humphrey de Bohun, 6th Earl of Hereford, 5th Earl of Essex (6 December 1309 - 15 October 1361 ) was a Lord High Constable of England.
Lineage
He was born to Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford and Elizabeth Plantagenet and a younger brother of John de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford . He succeeded his elder brother as Earl of Hereford and Essex upon his death on 20 January 1336. He also succeeded John as the Lord High Constable of England , the seventh highest office of the State.
Death & Burial
After his death in Pleshey , Essex he was buried in Friars Augustine , London . The Earldoms of Hereford and Essex were passed to his nephew, Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford , the son of his younger brother William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton , who predeceased him.
74. Margaret de Bohun 132 133 (Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England50, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 3 Apr 1311 in Caldecote, Northamptonshire, England, died on 16 Dec 1391 in Exeter, Devonshire, England at age 80, and was buried in Exeter Cathedral, Devonshire, England.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Margaret de Bohun, 2nd Countess of Devon :
Margaret de Bohun, 2nd Countess of Devon (3 April 1311 - 16 December 1391 ) was an English noblewoman of the fourteenth century who lived most of her life in the county of Devonshire . She was a granddaughter of King Edward I of England and Eleanor of Castile . Her eighteen children included an Archbishop of Canterbury and six knights.
Family and marriage
Lady Margaret de Bohun was born on 3 April 1311 at Caldecote, Northampton , the third daughter and sixth child of Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford , Lord Constable of England and Elizabeth of Rhuddlan . Her paternal grandparents were Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford and Maud de Fiennes , and her maternal grandparents were King Edward I of England and Eleanor of Castile .
Margaret was left an orphan shortly before her tenth birthday. On 16 March 1321 at The Battle of Boroughbridge , her father was brutally murdered in an ambush by the Welsh. Her mother had died five years previously in childbirth.
She, along with her siblings, received a classical education under a Sicilian Greek, Master Diogenes. As a result, Margaret became a lifelong scholar, and avid book collector.
At the age of fourteen, on 11 August 1325 Lady Margaret married Hugh Courtenay, 2nd Earl of Devon (12 July 1303 - 2 May 1377 ). She had been betrothed to him since 27 September 1314 . He was the son of Hugh Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon and Agnes St.John. Part of her dowry was the manor of Powderham, near Exeter . Margaret assumed the title of 2nd Countess of Devon on 23 December 1340 .
Her eldest brother John de Bohun (23 November 1306 -20 January 1336 ) succeeded as 5th Earl of Hereford in 1326, having married Alice Fitzalan of Arundel in 1325. She had a younger brother William de Bohun (1312- 1360), who was created 1st Earl of Northampton in 1337 by King Edward III . He married Elizabeth de Badlesmere , by whom he had two children. Margaret's elder sister Lady Eleanor de Bohun (17 October 1304 -7 October 1363 ), married in 1327, her first husband, James Butler, 1st Earl of Ormonde . They were the ancestors of Anne Boleyn .
Hugh and Margaret had a total of eighteen children. More than half reached adulthood. Their notable descendants include Charles, Prince of Wales , and British Prime Minister , Sir Winston Churchill .
List of Children
Sir Hugh Courtenay KG (22 March 1327 Tiverton Castle, Devon -2 September 1349 ), married 1341 Lady Elizabeth Brian (died 23 September 1375 , daughter of Guy Brian, Lord of Tor-Brian. Together they had one son, Hugh.(Born 1343).
Sir Edward Courtenay of Godlington.(1329- 1372), married in 1356 Emmeline Dauney, by whom he had issue.
Margaret Courtenay.(1328 - 2 August 1385 ), married John Cobham, 3rd Lord Cobham by whom she had issue.
Sir Thomas Courtenay (1331- before 1374)
Sir Phillip Courtenay of Powderham, Lord Deputy of Ireland . (1340 - 29 July 1406 ), married Anne Wake by whom he had issue, including Richard Courtenay, Bishop of Norwich .
Elizabeth Courtenay. (c.1333- 7 August 1395 ), married firstly, John de Vere (1335-1350); she married secondly in 1359, Sir Andrew Luttrell by whom she had issue.
Catherine Courtenay.(1335-31 December 1399. She was married three times: William Mohun , Thomas Engain , and Lord William Harrington
Joan Courtenay. (born 1337), married John Chiverton
Matilda Courtenay (born 1339)
Eleanor Courtenay
Guinora Courtenay (born 1348)
Isabel Courtenay (born 1353)
Philippa Courtenay (born 1357)
William Courtenay (1342 St. Martin's, Exeter- 31 July 1396), Archbishop of Canterbury, and previously of London (1381-1396)
John Courtenay (born 1346)
Sir Peter Courtenay, Constable of Windsor(1349 -2 February 1404 ), married Margaret Clyveden
Sir Humphrey Courtenay (born c.1355)
Anne Courtenay (born 1351), died unmarried.
Death
Margaret died on 16 December 1391 at the age of eighty. She is buried in Exeter Cathedral .
Margaret married Hugh de Courtenay 132 on 11 Aug 1325. Hugh was born on 12 Jul 1303 in Okehampton, Devonshire, England, died on 2 May 1377 in Exeter, Devonshire, England at age 73, and was buried in Exeter Cathedral, Devonshire, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 106 F i. Margaret Courtenay 132 was born about 1326 in <Exeter, Devonshire>, England, died on 2 Aug 1385 about age 59, and was buried on 2 Aug 1385 in Cobham, Kent, England.
75. Edward de Bohun 127 (Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England50, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1312 and died in 1334 at age 22.
Research Notes: Twin of William de Bohun
76. Eneas de Bohun (Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England50, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1313 and died after 1322.
Death Notes: Sources have varying death dates. One has aft 1322. Another has 1343.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Elizabeth of Rhuddlan
77. Agnes de Bohun (Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England50, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in Nov 1309.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Elizabeth of Rhuddlan
78. Edward I of Bar, Comte de Bar (Eleanor , of England51, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1284 and died in 1336 at age 52.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Eleanor of England (1269-1298)
79. Eleanor (Eleanor , of England51, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1285.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Eleanor of England (1269-1298)
Eleanor married Llywelyn ap Owain ap Maredudd. Llywelyn died in 1309.
80. Jeanne (Eleanor , of England51, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1295 and died in 1361 at age 66.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Eleanor of England (1269-1298)
81. Eleanor de Clare 136 137 138 (Joan , of Acre52, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 3 Oct 1292 in Caerphilly, Glamorgan, Wales, died on 30 Jun 1337 at age 44, and was buried in Tewkesbury, Wiltshire, England.
Research Notes: Wikipedia - Eleanor de Clare :
Eleanor de Clare (3 October 1292 - June 30 , 1337 ) was the wife of the powerful Hugh Despenser the younger . She was born in 1292 at Caerphilly in Glamorgan , Wales . She was the eldest daughter of Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford and 3rd Earl of Gloucester , and Joan of Acre , daughter of Edward I and Eleanor of Castile ; thus she was a granddaughter to Edward I of England . With her sisters, Elizabeth de Clare and Margaret de Clare , she inherited her father's estates after the death of her brother, Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Gloucester at Bannockburn in 1314.
Marriage to Hugh Desepenser the younger
In May 1306 at Westminster , Eleanor married Hugh Despenser the younger , the son of Hugh le Despenser, Earl of Winchester and Isabel Beauchamp , daughter of William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick . Her grandfather, King Edward I of England , granted Eleanor a maritagium of 2,000 pounds sterling. Eleanor and Hugh had nine children:
Hugh le Despenser III (1308-1349)
Gilbert le Despenser , (1309- 1381).
Edward le Despenser , (1310 - 1342), soldier, killed at the siege of Vannes [1]; father of Edward II le Despenser , Knight of the Garter
John le Despenser , (1311 - June 1366).
Isabel le Despenser (1312-1356), married Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel
Eleanor le Despenser , (c. 1315 - 1351), nun at Sempringham Priory
Joan le Despenser , (c. 1317 - 1384), nun at Shaftesbury Abbey
Margaret le Despenser , (c. 1319 - 1337, nun at Whatton Priory
Elizabeth le Despenser , born 1325, died July 13 , 1389 , married Maurice de Berkeley, 4th Baron Berkeley .
Eleanor's husband rose to prominence as the new favourite of her uncle, King Edward II of England . The king strongly favoured Hugh and Eleanor, visiting them often and granting them many gifts. One foreign chronicler even alleged that Edward was involved in a ménage à trois with his niece and her husband. Whatever the truth, Eleanor's fortunes changed drastically after the invasion of Isabella of France and Roger Mortimer . Hugh le Despenser was gruesomely executed.
Imprisonment
In November 1326, Eleanor was confined to the Tower of London . The Despenser family's fortunes also suffered with the executions of Eleanor's husband and father-in-law. Eleanor and Hugh's eldest son, another Hugh, who held Caerphilly Castle against the queen's forces until the spring of 1327, was spared his life when he surrendered the castle but remained a prisoner until July 1331, after which he was slowly restored to royal favor. Three of Eleanor's daughters were forcibly veiled as nuns. Only the eldest daughter, Isabel, and the youngest daughter, Elizabeth, escaped the nunnery, Isabel because she was already married and Elizabeth on account of her infancy.
In February 1328 Eleanor was freed from imprisonment. In April 1328, she was allowed possession of her own lands, for which she did homage.
Marriage to William de la Zouche
Eleanor was abducted from Hanley Castle in January, 1329, by William de la Zouche , who had been one of her husband's captors and who had led the siege of Caerphilly Castle. The abduction may in fact have been an elopement; in any case, Eleanor's lands were seized by the King, Edward III , and the couple was ordered to be arrested. At the same time, Eleanor was accused of stealing jewels from the Tower. Sometime after February 1329, she was imprisoned a second time in the Tower of London; later, she was moved to Devizes Castle . In January 1330, she was released and pardoned after agreeing to sign away the most valuable part of her share of the lucrative Clare inheritance to the crown. She could recover her lands only on the condition that she pay the enormous sum of 50,000 pounds in a single day.
Within the year, however, the young Edward III overthrew Queen Isabella's paramour, Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, and had him executed. Eleanor was among those who benefited from the fall of Mortimer and Isabella. She petitioned Edward III for the restoration of her lands, claiming that she had signed them away after being threatened by Roger Mortimer that she would never be freed if she did not. In 1331, Edward III granted her petition "to ease the king's conscience" and allowed her to recover the lands on the condition that she pay a fine of 10,000 pounds, later reduced to 5,000 pounds, in installments. Eleanor made payments on the fine, but the bulk of it was outstanding at the time of her death.
Eleanor's troubles were by no means over, however. After Eleanor's marriage to Zouche, Sir John Grey, 1st Baron Grey claimed that he had married her first. Grey was still attempting to claim Eleanor in 1333; the case was appealed to the Pope several times. Ultimately, Zouche won the dispute. Eleanor remained with him until his death in February 1337, only a few months before Eleanor's own death. Eleanor and William had children:
William de la Zouche, born 1330, died after 1360, a monk at Glastonbury Abbey .
Joyce Zouche, born 1331, died after 4 May 1372 , married John de Botetourt, 2nd Lord Botetourt.
Tewkesbury Abbey Renovations
Hugh le Despenser the younger and Eleanor are generally credited with beginning the renovations to Tewkesbury Abbey that transformed it into the fine example of the decorated style of architecture that it is today. The famous fourteenth-century stained-glass windows in the choir, which include the armor-clad figures of Eleanor's ancestors, brother, and two husbands, were most likely Eleanor's own contribution, although she probably did not live to see them put in place. The nude, kneeling woman watching the Last Judgment in the choir's east window may represent Eleanor.
Eleanor married Sir Hugh le Despenser, Baron Despenser 176 177 178 after 14 Jun 1306. Hugh was born in 1286, died on 24 Nov 1326 in Hereford, Herefordshire, England at age 40, and was buried after 15 Dec 1330 in Tewkesbury Abbey, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England.
Death Notes: Hanged and quartered for teason
Children from this marriage were:
+ 107 F i. Isabel le Despenser 179 180 was born in 1312 and died in 1356 at age 44.
+ 108 M ii. Philip Le Despenser, of Stoke, Gloucestershire 178 was born about 1244 in <Gloucestershire, > England and died on 24 Sep 1313 about age 69.
Eleanor next married William La Zouche 181 in 1327. William died in 1337.
82. Edward III King of England 141 142 143 (King Edward II , of England54, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 13 Nov 1312 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England and died on 21 Jun 1377 in Sheen Palace, Richmond, Surrey, England at age 64.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Edward III of England :
Edward III (13 November 1312 - 21 June 1377) was one of the most successful English monarchs of the Middle Ages . Restoring royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II , Edward III went on to transform the Kingdom of England into the most efficient military power in Europe. His reign saw vital developments in legislature and government-in particular the evolution of the English parliament-as well as the ravages of the Black Death . He remained on the throne for 50 years; no English monarch had reigned for as long since Henry III , and none would again until George III , as King of the United Kingdom .
Edward was crowned at the age of fourteen, following the deposition of his father. When he was only seventeen years old, he led a coup against his regent , Roger Mortimer , and began his personal reign. After defeating, but not subjugating, the Kingdom of Scotland , he declared himself rightful heir to the French throne in 1338, starting what would be known as the Hundred Years' War . Following some initial setbacks, the war went exceptionally well for England; the victories of Crécy and Poitiers led up to the highly favourable Treaty of Brétigny . Edward's later years, however, were marked by international failure and domestic strife, largely as a result of his inertia and eventual bad health.
Edward III was a temperamental man, but also capable of great clemency. He was, in most ways, a conventional king, mainly interested in warfare. Highly revered in his own time and for centuries after, Edward was denounced as an irresponsible adventurer by later Whig historians . This view has turned, and modern historiography credits him with many achievements[citation needed ].
Biography
Early life
Edward was born at Windsor on 13 November 1312, and was called "Edward of Windsor" in his early years. The reign of his father, Edward II , was fraught with military defeat, rebellious barons and corrupt courtiers, but the birth of a male heir in 1312 temporarily strengthened Edward II's position on the throne.[1] To further this end, in what was probably an attempt by his father to shore up royal supremacy after years of discontent, Edward was created Earl of Chester at the age of only twelve days, and less than two months later, his father gave him a full household of servants for his court, so he could live independently as if he were a full adult Nobleman.[2]
On 20 January 1327, when the young Edward was fourteen years old his mother the queen Isabella , and her lover Roger Mortimer deposed the king. Edward, now Edward III, was crowned on 1 February, with Isabella and Mortimer as regents . Mortimer, the de facto ruler of England, subjected the young king to constant disrespect and humiliation. On 24 January 1328 the fifteen year old king married sixteen year old Philippa of Hainault at York Minster .[3]
Mortimer knew his position was precarious, especially after Philippa had a son on 15 June 1330.[4] Mortimer used his power to acquire noble estates and titles, many of them belonging to Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel . FitzAlan, who had remained loyal to Edward II in his struggle with Isabella and Mortimer, had been executed on 17 November 1326. However Mortimer's greed and arrogance caused many of the other nobles to hate him; all this was not lost on the young king.
The young, headstrong King had never forgotten the fate of his father, or how he himself had been treated as a child. At almost 18 years old, Edward was ready to take his revenge. On the 19 October 1330, Mortimer and Isabella were sleeping at Nottingham Castle . Under the cover of night, a group loyal to Edward entered the fortress through a secret passageway and burst into Mortimer's quarters. Those conducting the coup arrested Mortimer in the name of the King and he was taken to the Tower of London . Stripped of his land and titles, he was hauled before the 17 year-old King and accused of assuming royal authority over England. Edward's mother-presumably pregnant with Mortimer's child-begged her son for mercy to no avail. Without trial, Edward sentenced Mortimer to death one month after the coup. As Mortimer was executed, Edward's mother was exiled in Castle Rising where she reportedly miscarried. By his 18th birthday, Edward's vengeance was complete and he became de facto ruler of England.
Early reign
Edward chose to renew the military conflict with the Kingdom of Scotland in which his father and grandfather had engaged with varying success. Edward repudiated the Treaty of Northampton that had been signed during the regency, thus renewing claims of English sovereignty over Scotland and resulting in the Second War of Scottish Independence .
Intending to regain what the English had conceded, he won back control of Berwick and secured a decisive English victory at the Battle of Halidon Hill in 1333 against the forces of the boy-king David II of Scotland . Edward III was now in a position to put Edward Balliol on the throne of Scotland and claim a reward of 2,000 librates of land in the southern counties - the Lothians, Roxburghshire, Berwickshire, Dumfriesshire, Lanarkshire and Peebleshire. Despite the victories of Dupplin and Halidon, the Bruce party soon started to recover and by the close of 1335 and the Battle of Culblean , the Plantagenet occupation was in difficulties and the Balliol party was fast losing ground.
At this time, in 1336, Edward III's brother John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall died. John of Fordun 's Gesta Annalia is alone in claiming that Edward killed his brother in a quarrel at Perth .
Although Edward III committed very large armies to Scottish operations, by 1337 the vast majority of Scotland had been recovered by the forces of David II, leaving only a few castles such as Edinburgh, Roxburgh and Stirling in Plantagenet possession. These installations were not adequate to impose Edward's rule and by 1338/9 Edward had moved from a policy of conquest to one of containment.
Edward faced military problems on two fronts; the challenge from the French monarchy was of no less concern. The French represented a problem in three areas: first, they provided constant support to the Scottish through the Franco-Scottish alliance . Philip VI protected David II in exile, and supported Scottish raids in Northern England . Second, the French attacked several English coastal towns, leading to rumours in England of a full-scale invasion.[5] Finally, the English king's possessions in France were under threat-in 1337, Philip VI confiscated the duchy of Aquitaine and the county of Ponthieu .
Instead of seeking a peaceful solution to the conflict by paying homage to the French king, Edward laid claim to the French crown as the only living male descendant of his deceased maternal grandfather, Philip IV . The French, however, invoked the Salic law of succession and rejected the claim, pronouncing Philip IV's nephew, Philip VI, the true heir (see below ) and thereby setting the stage for the Hundred Years' War , by incorporating England's coat of arms, rampant lions, and France's coat of arms, the fleurs de lys, and he, in so doing, declared himself king of both England and France.[6]
In the war against France, Edward built alliances and fought by proxy through minor French princes. In 1338, Louis IV named him vicar-general of the Holy Roman Empire , and promised his support. These measures, however, produced few results; the only major military gain made in this phase of the war was the English naval victory at Sluys on 24 June 1340, where 16,000 French soldiers and sailors died.
Meanwhile, the fiscal pressure on the kingdom caused by Edward's expensive alliances led to discontent at home. In response he returned unannounced on 30 November 1340. Finding the affairs of the realm in disorder, he purged the royal administration.[7] These measures did not bring domestic stability, however, and a standoff ensued between the king and John de Stratford , the Archbishop of Canterbury .
Edward, at the Parliament of England of April 1341, was forced to accept severe limitations to his financial and administrative prerogatives. Yet, in October of the same year, the king repudiated this statute, and Archbishop Stratford was politically ostracised. The extraordinary circumstances of the 1341 parliament had forced the king into submission, but under normal circumstances the powers of the king in medieval England were virtually unlimited, and Edward took advantage of this.[8]
Fortunes of war
After much inconclusive campaigning in Continental Europe , Edward decided to stage a major offensive in 1346, sailing for Normandy with a force of 15,000 men.[9] His army sacked the city of Caen and marched across northern France. On 26 August he met the French king's forces in pitched battle at Crécy and won a decisive victory. Meanwhile, back home, William Zouche , the Archbishop of York mobilized an army to oppose David II, who had returned, defeating and capturing him at the Battle of Neville's Cross on 17 October. With his northern border having been secured, Edward felt free to continue his major offensive against France, laying siege to the town of Calais , which fell after almost a year-probably the greatest single military operation undertaken by the English state in the Middle Ages[citation needed ]-in August of 1347.
After the death of the Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV in October of 1347, his son Louis V, Duke of Bavaria negotiated with Edward to compete against the new German king Charles IV , but Edward finally decided in May 1348 not to run for the German crown.
In 1348, the Black Death struck Europe with full force, killing a third or more of England's population.[10] This loss of manpower meant a halt to major campaigning. The great landowners struggled with the shortage of manpower and the resulting inflation in labor cost. Attempting to cap wages, the king and parliament responded with the Ordinance of Labourers (1349) and the Statute of Labourers (1351). The plague did not, however, lead to a full-scale breakdown of government and society, and recovery was remarkably swift.[11]
In 1356, Edward's oldest son, the Black Prince , won a great victory at the battle of Poitiers . The greatly outnumbered English forces not only routed the French but captured the French king, John II . After a succession of victories, the English held great possessions in France, the French king was in English custody, and the French central government had almost totally collapsed. Whether Edward's claim to the French crown originally was genuine or just a political ploy,[12] it now seemed to be within reach. Yet a campaign in 1359, meant to complete the undertaking, was inconclusive. In 1360, therefore, Edward accepted the Treaty of Brétigny , whereby he renounced his claims to the French throne but secured his extended French possessions in full sovereignty.
Later reign
While Edward's early reign had been energetic and successful, his later years were marked by inertia, military failure and political strife. The day-to-day affairs of the state had less appeal to Edward than military campaigning, so during the 1360s Edward increasingly relied on the help of his subordinates, in particular William Wykeham . A relative upstart, Wykeham was made Lord Privy Seal in 1363 and Lord Chancellor in 1367, though due to political difficulties connected with his inexperience, the Parliament forced him to resign the chancellorship in 1371.[13]
Compounding Edward's difficulties were the deaths of his most trusted men, some from the 1361-62 recurrence of the plague. William Montacute , Edward's companion in the 1330 coup, was dead by 1344. William de Clinton , who had also been with the king at Nottingham, died in 1354. One of the earls of 1337, William de Bohun , died in 1360, and the next year Henry of Grosmont , perhaps the greatest of Edward's captains, succumbed to what was probably plague. Their deaths left the majority of the magnates younger and more naturally aligned to the princes than to the king himself.
The king's second son, Lionel of Antwerp , attempted to subdue by force the largely autonomous Anglo-Irish lords in Ireland . The venture failed, and the only lasting mark he left were the suppressive Statutes of Kilkenny in 1366.[14]
In France, meanwhile, the decade following the Treaty of Brétigny was one of relative tranquillity, but on 8 April 1364 John II died in captivity in England, after unsuccessfully trying to raise his own ransom at home. He was followed by the vigorous Charles V , who enlisted the help of the capable Constable Bertrand du Guesclin .[15] In 1369, the French war started anew, and Edward's younger son John of Gaunt was given the responsibility of a military campaign. The effort failed, and with the Treaty of Bruges in 1375, the great English possessions in France were reduced to only the coastal towns of Calais, Bordeaux and Bayonne.[16]
Military failure abroad and the associated fiscal pressure of campaigning led to political discontent at home. The problems came to a head in the parliament of 1376, the so-called Good Parliament . The parliament was called to grant taxation, but the House of Commons took the opportunity to address specific grievances. In particular, criticism was directed at some of the king's closest advisors. Lord Chamberlain William Latimer and Lord Steward John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby were dismissed from their positions. Edward's mistress, Alice Perrers , who was seen to hold far too much power over the aging king, was banished from court.[17]
Yet the real adversary of the Commons, supported by powerful men such as Wykeham and Edmund de Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March , was John of Gaunt. Both the king and the Black Prince were by this time incapacitated by illness, leaving Gaunt in virtual control of government. Gaunt was forced to give in to the demands of parliament, but by its next convocation, in 1377, most of the achievements of the Good Parliament were reversed.[18]
Edward himself, however, did not have much to do with any of this; after around 1375 he played a limited role in the government.[19] Around 29 September 1376 he fell ill with a large abscess . After a brief period of recovery in February, the king died of a stroke (some sources say gonorrhea [20]) at Sheen on 21 June.[19] He was succeeded by his ten-year-old grandson, King Richard II , son of the Black Prince, since the Black Prince himself had died on 8 June 1376.
Noted events in his life were:
• King of England: 1327-1377.
Edward married Philippa , of Hainault 143 182 on 24 Jan 1328 in York, Yorkshire, England. Philippa was born on 24 Jun 1311 and died on 15 Aug 1369 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England at age 58.
Death Notes: Died from the Black Death
The child from this marriage was:
+ 109 M i. Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York 143 was born on 5 Jun 1341 in Kings Langley, Hertfordshire, England and died on 1 Aug 1402 in Kings Langley, Hertfordshire, England at age 61.
83. John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall (King Edward II , of England54, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1316.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Edward II of England & Isabella of France
84. Eleanor Countess of Guelders (King Edward II , of England54, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1318.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Edward II of England & Isabella of France
Eleanor married Reinoud II , of Guelders.
85. Joan Queen of Scots (King Edward II , of England54, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1321.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Edward II of England & Isabella of France
Joan married David II , of Scotland.
86. Margaret Duchess of Norfolk (Thomas , of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk55, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) died on 24 Mar 1399.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 16-30
Margaret married John de Segrave, 4th Lord Segrave. John died on 20 Mar 1353.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 110 F i. Elizabeth de Segrave, 5th Baroness Segrave was born on 25 Oct 1338 in Croxton Abbey, Leicestershire, England and died before 1368.
Margaret next married Walter Manny, 1st Lord Manny.
87. Eleanor ferch Philip ap Ifor (Catherine verch Llewellyn Gryffyth56, Elinor de Montfort35, Eleanor24, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1318.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008)., Line 254-33 (Thomas ap Llewellyn)
RootsWeb - Celtic Royal Genealogy - has b. 1318.
Eleanor married Thomas ap Llywelyn ap Owain, of Iscoed Uch Hirwen, Cardiganshire.183 184 Thomas was born before 14 Aug 1343 and died in Iscoed Uch Hirwen, Cardiganshire, Wales.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 111 F i. Elen verch Thomas ap Llewellyn Owen was born about 1337.
+ 112 F ii. Margaret verch Thomas ap Llywelyn Owain
88. Isabella de Mortimer 136 146 (Roger de Mortimer, of Wigmore, 1st Baron Mortimer58, Gwladys "Ddu" verch Llewellyn38, Joan , Princess of Gwynedd25, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) died before 1 Apr 1292.
Death Notes: Wikipedia has d. 1292.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 28-30
Isabella married John FitzAlan, Lord of Clun and Oswestry.185 186 John was born on 14 Sep 1246 and died 18 Mar 1271 or 1302 at age 24.
Noted events in his life were:
• 7th Earl of Arundel:
The child from this marriage was:
+ 113 M i. Sir Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel 187 188 was born from 1207 to 3 Feb 1266 and died on 9 Mar 1302 at age 94.
Isabella next married Walter de Beauchamp, of Elmley, Worcestershire 189 in 1212 in Elmley, Worcestershire, England. Walter was born about 1184 in Elmley, Worcestershire, England and died on 14 Apr 1236 about age 52.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 114 M i. William de Beauchamp, 5th Baron Beauchamp 190 191 192 was born about 1210 and died in 1269 about age 59.
89. Sir Edmund de Mortimer, 7th Baron Mortimer of Wigmore 147 148 (Roger de Mortimer, of Wigmore, 1st Baron Mortimer58, Gwladys "Ddu" verch Llewellyn38, Joan , Princess of Gwynedd25, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1261 in <Wigmore, Herefordshire>, England, died on 17 Jul 1304 in Wigmore, Herefordshire, England at age 43, and was buried in Wigmore, Herefordshire, England.
Birth Notes: FamilySearch has b. 1252
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 176B-30
Edmund married Margaret de Fiennes 148 193 about 1280. Margaret was born about 1262 in <Wigmore, Herefordshire>, England and died on 7 Feb 1334 about age 72.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 115 M i. Sir Roger de Mortimer, 8th Baron Mortimer of Wigmore, 1st Earl of March was born on 25 Apr 1287 and died on 29 Nov 1330 at age 43.
+ 116 F ii. Isolde de Mortimer 148 was born about 1270 in <Wigmore, Herefordshire>, England and died in 1328 about age 58.
90. Alice Audley 41 (Hugh I de Audley59, Ela Longspee39, William II Longspée26, William Longspée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury16, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1304 in Hadley, Staffordshire, England, died on 11 Jan 1374 in Greystoke, Northumberland, England about age 70, and was buried in Durham Cathedral, Durham, Durham, England.
Alice married Ralph Neville 194 on 14 Jan 1326 in Stratton Audley, Oxfordshire, England. Ralph was born about 1290 in <Raby>, Durham, England, died on 5 Aug 1367 in Durham, England about age 77, and was buried in Cathedral Church, Durham, Durham, England.
Marriage Notes: by Royal license
The child from this marriage was:
+ 117 M i. John Neville 194 was born about 1328 in <Raby With Keverstone>, Durham, England and died on 17 Oct 1388 in Newcastle Upon Tyne, Northumberland, England about age 60.
91. Humphrey VIII de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford & 3rd Earl of Essex 126 127 (Humphrey VII de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford & 2nd Earl of Essex60, Humphrey VI de Bohun40, Humphrey V de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, 7th Earl of Essex27, Henry de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford17, Margaret , of Huntingdon12, Henry, of Huntingdon, Earl of Northumberland & Huntingdon9, David I "The Saint", King of Scots5, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1276 in Pleshey Castle, Essex, England and died on 16 Mar 1322 in Boroughbridge, Yorkshire, England about age 46.
Death Notes: At the Battle of Boroughbridge, murdered in an ambush by the Welsh.
Research Notes: Ancestral Roots, Line 97-31 has b. abt 1276, slain at Boroughbridge, 16 Mar 1321/2, 4th Earl of Hereford and Essex, Lord High Constable of England.
----------
From Wikipedia - Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford
Humphrey VIII de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford (1276 - March 16 , 1321 /1322 ) was a member of an important Anglo-Norman family of the Welsh Marches and was one of the Ordainers who opposed Edward II 's excesses.
Family Background
Humphrey de Bohun's birth year is uncertain although several contemporary sources indicate that it was 1276. His father was Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford and his mother was Maud de Fiennes , daughter of Enguerrand II de Fiennes . He was born at Pleshey Castle located in Essex , England.
Humphrey de Bohun VIII succeeded his father as Earl of Hereford and Earl of Essex , and Constable of England (later called Lord High Constable ). Humphrey held the title of Bearer of the Swan Badge, a heraldic device passed down in the de Bohun family. This device did not appear on their coat of arms, (az, a bend ar cotised or, between 6 lioncels or) nor their crest (gu, doubled erm, a lion gardant crowned), but it does appear on his personal seal.
Scotland
Humphrey was one of several earls and barons under Edward I who laid siege to Caerlaverock Castle in Scotland in 1300 and later took part in many campaigns in Scotland. He also loved tourneying and gained a reputation as an "elegant" fop. In one of the campaigns in Scotland Humphrey evidently grew bored and departed England for a tournament along with Piers Gaveston and other young barons and knights. On return all of them fell under Edward I's wrath for desertion, but were forgiven. It is probable that Gaveston's friend, Edward (the future Edward II) had given them permission to depart.
Later Humphrey became one of Gaveston's and Edward II's bitterest opponents. He would also have been associating with young Robert Bruce during the early campaigns in Scotland, since Bruce, like many other Scots and Border men, moved back and forth from English allegiance to Scottish. (NOTE: Robert Bruce, King Robert I of Scotland, is closely connected to de Bohun. Between the time that he swore his last fealty to Edward I in 1302 and his defection four years later, Bruce stayed for the most part in Annandale , rebuilding his castle of Lochmaben in stone, making use of its natural moat. Rebelling and taking the crown of Scotland in February, 1306, Bruce was forced to fight a war against England which went poorly for him at first, while Edward I still lived. After nearly all his family were killed or captured he had to flee to the isle of Rathlin , Ireland. His properties in England and Scotland were confiscated.)
Humphrey de Bohun received many of Robert Bruce's forfeited properties. It is unknown whether Humphrey was a long-time friend or enemy of Robert Bruce, but they were nearly the same age and the lands of the two families in Essex and Middlesex lay very close to each other. After Bruce's self-exile, de Bohun took Lochmaben and Edward I awarded him Annandale and the castle. During this period of chaos Bruce's queen, Elizabeth de Burgh , daughter of the Earl of Ulster, was captured by Edward I and taken prisoner, and Hereford and his wife Elizabeth later became her custodians. She was exchanged for Humphrey after Bannockburn in 1314. Lochmaben was from time to time retaken by the Scots but remained in the de Bohun family for many years, in the hands of Humphrey's son William, Earl of Northampton , who held and defended it until his death in 1360...
...Ordainer
Like his father, grandfather, and great-great-grandfather, this Humphrey de Bohun was careful to insist that the king obey Magna Carta , Habeas Corpus , and the other baronially-established safeguards against monarchic tyranny. He was a leader of the reform movements that promulgated the Ordinances of 1311 and fought to insure their execution.
The subsequent revival of royal authority and the ascendancy of the Despensers (Hugh the elder and younger ) led de Bohun and other barons to rebel against the king again in 1322. De Bohun had special reason for opposing the Despensers, for he had lost some of his estates in the Welsh Marches to their rapacity.
Death at Boroughbridge
The rebel forces were halted by loyalist troops at the wooden bridge at Boroughbridge , Yorkshire, where Humphrey de Bohun, leading an attempt to storm the bridge, met his death on March 16, 1322.
Although the details have been called into question by a few historians, his death may have been particularly gory. As recounted in The Greatest Traitor by Ian Mortimer, page 124:
"[The 4th Earl of] Hereford led the fight on the bridge, but he and his men were caught in the arrow fire. Then one of de Harclay's pikemen, concealed beneath the bridge, thrust upwards between the planks and skewered the Earl of Hereford through the anus, twisting the head of the iron pike into his intestines. His dying screams turned the advance into a panic."'
Humphrey de Bohun may have contributed to the failure of the reformers' aims. There is evidence that he suffered for some years, especially after his countess's death in 1316, from clinical depression. [1]
Marriage and children
His marriage to Elizabeth of Rhuddlan (Elizabeth Plantagenet), daughter of King Edward I of England and his first Queen consort Eleanor of Castile , on November 14 , 1302 , at Westminster gained him the lands of Berkshire.
Elizabeth had an unknown number of children, probably ten, by Humphrey de Bohun.
Until the earl's death the boys of the family, possibly the girls, were given a classical education under the tutelage of a Sicilian Greek, Master "Digines" (Diogenes), who may have been Humphrey de Bohun's boyhood tutor. He was evidently well-educated, a book collector and scholar, interests his son Humphrey and daughter Margaret (Courtenay) inherited.
Mary or Margaret (the first-born Margaret) and the first-born Humphrey were lost in infancy and are buried in the same sarcophagus in Westminster Abbey. Since fraternal twins were known in the Castilian royal family of Elizabeth Bohun, who gave birth to a pair who lived to manhood, Mary (Margaret?) and Humphrey, see next names, may have been twins, but that is uncertain. The name of a possible lost third child, if any, is unknown--and unlikely.
Hugh de Bohun? This name appears only in one Medieval source which gives Bohun names (see Flores Historiarum) and was a probably a copyist error for "Humphrey". It was never used by the main branch of the Bohuns in England. (Le Melletier, q.v., 16-17, 38-45, 138, in his comprehensive research into this family, cites no one named Hugh Bohun.) Date unknown, but after 1302 since she and Humphrey did not marry until late in 1302.
Humphrey de Bohun (birth and death dates unknown. Buried in Westminster Abbey with Mary or Margaret) Infant.
Mary or Margaret de Bohun (birth and death dates unknown. Buried in Westminster Abbey with Humphrey) Infant.
John de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford (About 1307 - 1336 )
Humphrey de Bohun, 6th Earl of Hereford (About 1309 to 1311 - 1361 ).
Margaret de Bohun (About 1308-1310 - 1391), married Hugh Courtenay, 2nd Earl of Devon Gave birth to about 16 to 18 children (including an Archbishop, a sea commander and pirate, and more than one Knight of the Garter) and died in her eighties.
William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton (About 1310-1312 -1360 ). Twin of Edward.
Edward de Bohun (About 1310-1312 -1334 ). Twin of William. Married Margaret, daughter of William de Ros, 2nd Baron de Ros , but they had no children. He served in his ailing elder brother's stead as Constable of England. He was close friend of young Edward III, and died a heroic death attempting to rescue a drowning man-at-arms from a Scottish river while on campaign.
Eleanor de Bohun (birth date unknown, could have been as late as 1314 or 15 - 1363 ) [2], married James Butler, 1st Earl of Ormonde and Thomas Dagworth , 1st Baron Dagworth.
Eneas de Bohun, (Birth date unknown, died after 1322, when he's mentioned in his father's will). Nothing known of him. Name may reflect his father's classical education or the Earl's Welsh connections; could be either.
Isabel de Bohun (b. May ? , 1316 ). Elizabeth died in childbirth, and this child died on that day or very soon after. Buried with her mother in Waltham Abbey, Essex.
Humphrey married Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England 96 97 98 on 14 Nov 1302 in Westminster Palace, London, England. Elizabeth was born on 7 Aug 1282 in Rhuddlan Castle, Rhuddlan, Denbighshire, Wales, died on 5 May 1316 in Quendon, Essex, England at age 33, and was buried in Waltham Abbey, Essex, England.
Birth Notes: Wikipedia or some other source has b. 7 Aug 1282 or 1281. Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry, Edited by Thomas Allen Glenn at the request of Howard Reifsnyder, privately printed, Philadelphia, 1902, provided by http://books.google.com, p. 31 has b. 1284.
Death Notes: Per Wikipedia, died in childbirth
(Duplicate Line. See Person 50)
92. Sir John de Ferrers, of Southoe and Keyston 151 (Alianore de Bohun61, Humphrey VI de Bohun40, Humphrey V de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, 7th Earl of Essex27, Henry de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford17, Margaret , of Huntingdon12, Henry, of Huntingdon, Earl of Northumberland & Huntingdon9, David I "The Saint", King of Scots5, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 30 Jun 1271 in Cardiff and died in Aug 1312 in Gascony at age 41.
Noted events in his life were:
• 1st Lord Ferrers: of Chartley, Staffordshire.
John married Hawise de Muscegros, of Charlton 195 between 2 Feb 1298 and 13 Sep 1300. Hawise was born on 21 Dec 1276 and died After Jun 1340 By Dec 1350.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 118 F i. Eleanor de Ferrers
11th Generation
93. Isabella of France 139 140 (Jeanne , of Navarre62, Blanche , of Artois44, Robert I "the Good" , Count of Artois29, Blanche , of Castile19, Eleanor , of England14, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1295 in Paris, (Île-de-France), France and died on 22 Aug 1358 about age 63.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 101-31 has b. 1292, d. 27 Aug 1357, m. Boulogne, 28 Jan 1308. But see "Notes" from Wikipedia below.
From Wikipedia - Isabella of France :
Isabella of France (c.1295 - August 22 , 1358 ), Queen consort of England, known as the She-Wolf of France,[1] was the Queen consort of Edward II of England . She was a member of the House of Capet .
Biography
Isabella was born in Paris on an uncertain date - probably between May and November 1295 [2] - the daughter of King Philip IV of France and Queen Jeanne of Navarre , and the sister of three French kings. While still an infant, her father had promised her in marriage to Edward II to resolve the conflicts between France and England over the latter's continental possession of Gascony and claims to Anjou, Normandy and Aquitaine. Pope Boniface VIII had urged the marriage as early as 1298 but was delayed by wrangling over the terms of the marriage contract. The English king, Edward I had also attempted to break the engagement several times. Only after he died in 1307 did the wedding go forward.
Her groom, the new King Edward II , looked the part of a Plantagenet king to perfection. He was tall and athletic, and wildly popular at the beginning of his reign. She married Edward at Boulogne-sur-Mer on January 25 , 1308 . Since he had ascended the throne the previous year, Isabella never was titled Princess of Wales...
Edward and Isabella produced four children, and she suffered at least one miscarriage . The itineraries of Edward II and Queen Isabella also show that they were together 9 months prior to the births of all four surviving offspring. Their children were:
Edward of Windsor , born 1312
John of Eltham , born 1316
Eleanor of Woodstock , born 1318, married Reinoud II of Guelders
Joan of the Tower , born 1321, married David II of Scotland
... When her brother, King Charles IV of France , seized Edward's French possessions in 1325, she returned to France, initially as a delegate of the King charged with negotiating a peace treaty between the two countries. However, her presence in France became a focal point for the many nobles opposed to Edward's reign and she gathered an army to oppose Edward, in alliance with Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March , who had become her lover. Enraged by this, Edward demanded that Isabella return to England. Her brother, King Charles, replied, "The queen has come of her own will and may freely return if she wishes. But if she prefers to remain here, she is my sister and I refuse to expel her."
Despite this public show of support by the King of France, Isabella and Mortimer left the French court in summer 1326 and went to William I, Count of Hainaut in Holland (his wife was Isabella's cousin). William provided them with eight men of war (ships) in return for a marriage contract between his daughter Philippa and Isabella's son, Edward . On September 21 , 1326 Isabella and Mortimer landed in Suffolk with an army (most of whom were mercenaries ). King Edward offered a reward for their deaths, and is rumoured to have even carried a knife in his hose with which to kill his wife. Isabella responded by offering twice as much money for the head of Hugh the younger Despenser (this reward was issued from Wallingford Castle ).
The invasion by Isabella and Mortimer was successful: King Edward's few allies deserted him without a battle; the Despensers were killed, and Edward himself was captured and forced to abdicate in favour of his eldest son, Edward III of England . Since the young king was only fourteen when he was crowned on 1 February 1327 , Isabella and Mortimer ruled as regents in his place.
... When Edward III attained his majority (at the age of 18) he, and a few trusted companions, staged a coup on October 19, 1330 and had both Isabella and Mortimer taken prisoner. Despite Isabella's cries of "Fair son, have pity on gentle Mortimer", Mortimer was executed for treason one month later in November of 1330.
Isabella's life was spared by her son and she was allowed to retire to Castle Rising in Norfolk . She did not, as legend would have it, go insane; she enjoyed a comfortable retirement and made many visits to her son's court, doting on her grandchildren. Isabella took the habit of the Poor Clares before she died on August 22 , 1358 , and her body was returned to London for burial at the Franciscan church at Newgate . She was buried in her wedding dress, with Edward's heart interred with her.
[edit ] Notes
^ A sobriquet appropriated from Shakespeare's Henry VI, Part 3 , where it is used to refer to Henry 's Queen, Margaret of Anjou
^ She is referred to as born in 1292 in the Annals of Wigmore, and Piers Langtoft agrees, claiming that she was 7 years old in 1299. The French chronicler Guillaume de Nangis and Thomas Walsingham describe her as 12 years old at the time of her marriage in January 1308, placing her birth between the January of 1295 and of 1296. A Papal dispensation by Clement V in November 1305 permits her to marry by proxy immediately, despite not having reached age 12, and only being 10 years old - suggesting a birth-date between November 1294 and November 1295. Since she had to reach the canonical age of 7 before her betrothal in May 1303, and that of 12 before her marriage in January 1308, the above evidence suggests that she was born between May and November 1295. See Weir, Alison, Isabella
[edit ] Sources
Isabella married King Edward II , of England 101 102 on 25 Jan 1308 in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France. Edward was born on 25 Apr 1284 in Caernarfon Castle, Caernarfonshire, Gwynedd, Wales, died on 21 Sep 1327 in <Berkeley Castle, > near Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England at age 43, and was buried in Gloucester Cathedral, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England.
Noted events in his life were:
• King of England: 1307-1327.
(Duplicate Line. See Person 54)
94. Charles IV of France (Jeanne , of Navarre62, Blanche , of Artois44, Robert I "the Good" , Count of Artois29, Blanche , of Castile19, Eleanor , of England14, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1)
95. Henry Beaumont, 3rd Lord Beaumont (Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1340.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Eleanor of Lancaster
96. Matilda Beaumont (Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) died in Jul 1467.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Eleanor of Lancaster
97. Sir Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel & 10th Earl of Surrey 159 160 161 162 (Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1346 in <Arundel, West Sussex>, England and died on 21 Sep 1397 in Cheapside, London, England at age 51.
Death Notes: Condemned and beheaded on Tower Hill by Richard II
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - 11th Earl of Arundel and 10th Earl of Surrey.
"In 1377 he was Admiral of the West and South, and in 1386 Admiral of all England. In this capacity he defeated a combined Franco-Spanish-Flemish fleet off of Margate in 1387. The following year he was one of the Lords Appellant to Richard II. In 1397 he was arrested for his opposition to Richard II, and then attainted and beheaded 21 September 1397."
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From Wikipedia - Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel :
Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel and 10th Earl of Surrey (1346 - September 21, 1397, beheaded) was an English nobleman and military commander.
He was the son of Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel and Eleanor of Lancaster.
In 1377 he was Admiral of the West and South, and in 1386 Admiral of all England. In this capacity he defeated a combined Franco-Spanish-Flemish fleet off of Margate in 1387. The following year he was one of the Lords Appellant to Richard II. In 1397 he was arrested for his opposition to Richard II, and then attainted and beheaded.
Arundel married twice. His first wife was Elizabeth de Bohun, daughter of William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton. They married around September 28, 1359 and had four children.
***********
From Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry, p. 50:
"III LADY ELIZABETH DE BOHUN, who married Richard Fitz Alan, Earl of Arundel and Surrey, who was beheaded on Tower Hill, September, 1397. Elizabeth died during her husband's life-time, prior to 15 Richard II., for in that year the Earl of Arundel paid a fine to the king for marrying (the second time) without a license. [Dugdale]. His second wife survived him.
"His will is as follows:
'I, Richard, Earl of Arundel and Surrey, March 4, 1392, 16 Richard II. in my Castle of Philipp. My body to be buried in the Priory of Lewis, in a place behind the high altar, which I have shewn to my beloved in God Danz John Chierlien, Prior, and frere Thomas Asshebourne, my confessor. In case my dear wife E., on whom God have mercy, be not there interred by me, I charge my executors that they cause my said wife to be conveyed from her present tomb to the said place with the same form as the body of my most honored lord and father was buried. If I die in England I desire to have my corpse privately conveyed to the said Priory, and I forbid armed men, or to her pomp, attendant at my burial.
.... My manors of Angermeryn, Wepham, Warnecamp, Soucstoke, Tothungton, Upinerdon, and Pyperyng...
'My most dear [second] wife Philippa... My sons [in law] the Earl Marshall, Lord Charlton, and William Beauchamp... My son Richard a standing bed called Clove also a bed of silk, embroidered with the arms of Arundel and Warren quarterly... to my dear son Thomas, from the day of my death C L annually in aid of his maintenance, also the Manors of Begenever, Sullynton, and Schapewyk... My dear daughter Charlton; to my daughter Elizabeth a nounce with lions and crowns which was give me by my dear son her husband.' [Testamenta Vetusta, p. 129.]
"The Earl of Arundel had issue by his first wife Elizabeth:
1. Richard, d. S. P.
2. Thomas, who died S. P. and whose title passed to his kinsman, but whose lands descended to his sisters.
3. Alice married John de Charlton prior 1392; died before 1415, S. P.
4. Alianora, who had Royal License 28 Oct. 1371, to marry Robert de Ufford, son of William Earl of Suffolk. [Notes from the Patent Rolls Inq. etc.]; but is said in 'Williamson's Evidences' to have died unmarried, p. 30.] [Hist. Cheshire, Ormerod, p. 38.]
5. Elizabeth, of whom hereafter.
6. Joane, married before 1392, William Beauchamp of Abergavenny. She died 14 Nov. 1435.
7. Margaret, married Sir Rowland Lenthall."
Noted events in his life were:
• Succeeded: to the lordships of Bromfield (Wrexham) and Yale, 24 Jan 1376. upon the death of his father.
• Inherited: Castrum Leonis (Holt Castle) and Dynas Bran and lands in Wrightesham (Wrexham), 24 Jan 1376.
• "Wonderful Parliament": 1388. He was one of the five lords appellant.
• Built: a stone bridge between Bromfield and Chirk, 1392.
Richard married Elizabeth de Bohun, Countess of Arundel 161 170 171 about 28 Sep 1359. Elizabeth was born about 1350 and died on 3 Apr 1385 about age 35.
Marriage Notes: Wikipedia
Children from this marriage were:
+ 119 F i. Alice FitzAlan 196 was born about 1374 and died before 1415.
+ 120 F ii. Joane FitzAlan 160 161 197 was born in 1375 and died on 14 Nov 1453 at age 78.
+ 121 F iii. Elizabeth FitzAlan, d'Arundelle 198 199 was born on 8 Jul 1379 in Derbyshire, England and died on 8 Jul 1425 in Hoveringham, England at age 46.
+ 122 M iv. Richard FitzAlan
+ 123 M v. Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel, Earl of Surrey 171 200 201 202 was born on 13 Oct 1381 and died on 13 Oct 1415 at age 34.
+ 124 F vi. Alianora FitzAlan
+ 125 F vii. Margaret FitzAlan 171 197 200 was born in 1382 and died after 1423.
Richard next married Philippa.
98. John FitzAlan, 1st Baron Arundel and Lord Maltravers 163 164 (Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1348 in Etchingham, Sussex, England and died on 16 Dec 1379 about age 31.
Research Notes: 1st Lord Arundel, Marshal of England, Lord Mautravers
Noted events in his life were:
• Member of Parliament: 1377-1379.
John married Eleanor Maltravers 163 203 on 17 Feb 1358. Eleanor was born in 1345 and died on 10 Jan 1405 at age 60.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 126 F i. Margaret FitzAlan
+ 127 M ii. Sir John FitzAlan, Lord of Arundel 204 was born on 30 Nov 1364 and died on 14 Aug 1390 at age 25.
99. Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of York 120 (Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1350 and died on 19 Feb 1413 about age 63.
100. Joan FitzAlan 165 (Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1348, died on 17 Apr 1419 about age 71, and was buried in Walden Abbey, Essex, England.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Joan Fitzalan :
Lady Joan Fitzalan, Countess of Hereford, Essex, and Northampton (1347/1348- 7 April 1419), was the wife of Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford , 6th Earl of Essex, and 2nd Earl of Northampton. Joan was the mother of Mary de Bohun , the first wife of Henry of Bolingbroke who later reigned as King Henry IV of England , and Eleanor de Bohun , Duchess of Gloucester. She was the maternal grandmother of King Henry V of England .
Family
Lady Joan was born in about 1347 or 1348 at Arundel Castle , Sussex , one of seven children, and the eldest daughter of Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel and his second wife Eleanor of Lancaster .[1] Her paternal grandparents were Edmund Fitzalan, 9th Earl of Arundel and Alice de Warenne . Her maternal grandparents were Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster and Maud Chaworth .
List of siblings
Richard Fitzalan, 11th Earl of Arundel (1346- 21 September 1397 Tower Hill, Cheapside, London), married firstly Elizabeth de Bohun , sister of Humphrey de Bohun, by whom he had seven children, and secondly Philippa Mortimer. He was beheaded on charges of high treason against King Richard II of England .
John Fitzalan 1st baron of Arundel, 1st Baron Maltravers (1351-16 December 1379), married Eleanor Maltravers, by whom he had issue. He drowned in the Irish Sea, having been shipwrecked after defeating the French off the Cornish coast.
Alice Fitzalan (1350- 17 March 1416), married Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent , by whom she had issue.
Thomas Arundel Archbishop of Canterbury (1352- 19 February 1414)
Mary Fitzalan (died 29 August 1396), married John Le Strange, 4th Baron Strange of Blackmere, by whom she had issue, including Ankaret Le Strange who married Richard Talbot, 4th Baron Talbot. These were the parents of John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury
Eleanor Fitzalan (1356- before 1366)
J
oan had a half-brother from her father's first marriage to Isabel le Despenser :
Edmund of Arundel (1327- after 1377), he was bastardised by his parents annulment. He married Sybil Montagu, by whom he had two daughters.
Joan had two uterine half-siblings from her mother's first marriage to John de Beaumont, 2nd Lord Beaumont (died 14 April 1342):
Henry de Beaumont, 3rd Lord Beaumont (4 April 1340- 17 June 1369), married as her first husband Margaret de Vere (died 15 June 1398), by whom he had issue.
Matilda de Beaumont (died July 1367), married Hugh de Courtney.
Marriage and children
Sometime after 9 September 1359, Joan married Humphrey de Bohun , one of the most powerful noblemen in the kingdom. His titles included 7th Earl of Hereford, 6th Earl of Essex, 2nd Earl of Northampton, and he was the hereditary Constable of England. He was the son of William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton and Elizabeth de Badlesmere . The marriage produced two daughters, whom upon the death of their father, divided his vast estates between them:
Eleanor de Bohun (c.1360- 3 October 1399), co-heiress of her father. In 1376 she married Thomas of Woodstock , 1st Duke of Gloucester, the youngest son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault . The marriage produced five children, including Anne of Gloucester . Eleanor died as a nun at Barking Abbey.
Mary de Bohun (1369- 4 June 1394), co-heiress of her father. On 27 July 1380 she married Henry of Bolingbroke, who would later be crowned King Henry IV. She died before he ascended the throne. The marriage produced six chidren including King Henry V of England .
Execution of John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter
In 1397, Joan's brother Richard Fitzalan, 11th Earl of Arundel and a Lord Appellant was executed on Tower Hill for his opposition to King Richard II of England . The king's half-brother John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter , Earl of Huntingdon accompanied him to the scaffold, as one of King Richard's representatives. Less than three years later in 1400, when Holland joined a conspiracy to murder the new king Henry IV, and was captured near Joan's principal residence Pleshy Castle in Essex , he was turned over to her for punishment. Described as having possessed a "stern character",[2] she showed him no mercy, and swiftly gave orders for his execution by decapitation , after summoning the children of her dead brother to witness the deed. Following the beheading, which was performed without benefit of a trial, she ordered that Holland's severed head be raised on the end of a pike, which was placed upon the battlements of Pleshy Castle.
Death
Lady Joan Fitzalan died on 7 April 1419 and was buried in Walden Abbey with her husband who had died in 1373.
Joan married Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford, Earl of Essex & Northampton.172 173 Humphrey was born in 1342, died on 16 Jan 1373 at age 31, and was buried in Walden Abbey, Essex, England.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 128 F i. Mary de Bohun
+ 129 F ii. Eleanor de Bohun died in 1399.
101. Alice FitzAlan 120 (Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1350 and died on 17 Mar 1416 at age 66.
Alice married Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent.
102. Elizabeth de Bohun, Countess of Arundel 161 170 171 (Sir William de Bohun, K.G., 1st Earl of Northampton70, Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England50, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1350 and died on 3 Apr 1385 about age 35.
Research Notes: From Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry, p. 50:
"III LADY ELIZABETH DE BOHUN, who married Richard Fitz Alan, Earl of Arundel and Surrey, who was beheaded on Tower Hill, September, 1397. Elizabeth died during her husband's life-time, prior to 15 Richard II., for in that year the Earl of Arundel paid a fine to the king for marrying (the second time) without a license. [Dugdale]. His second wife survived him."
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From Wikipedia - Elizabeth de Bohun :
Elizabeth de Bohun, Countess of Arundel, Countess of Surrey (c.1350- 3 April 1385), was the first wife of Richard Fitzalan, 11th Earl of Arundel , Earl of Surrey, (1346- 21 September 1397 Tower Hill, Cheapside, London), a powerful English nobleman and military commander in the reigns of Edward III and Richard II . She was the mother of his seven children.
Family and lineage
Lady Elizabeth de Bohun was born around 1350, the daughter of William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton and Elizabeth de Badlesmere . Her older brother Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford married Joan Fitzalan , a sister of the 11th Earl of Arundel, by whom he had two daughters. Elizabeth had a half-brother Roger Mortimer, 2nd Earl of March by her mother's first marriage to Sir Edmund Mortimer.
Her paternal grandparents were Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford and Elizabeth of Rhuddlan , daughter of King Edward I of England and Eleanor of Castile . Her maternal grandparents were Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere and Margaret de Clare .
Lady Elizabeth's parents both died when she was young, her mother having died in 1356, and her father in 1360.
Marriage and children
On 28 September 1359, by Papal dispensation,[1] Elizabeth married Richard Fitzalan, who succeeded to the earldoms of Arundel and Surrey upon the death of his father, Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel .
At the coronation of King Richard II, Richard carried the crown. In the same year, 1377, he was made Admiral of the South and West. The following year, 1378, he attacked Harfleur , but was repelled by the French.
Fitzalan allied himself with the King's uncle Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester , who was married to Fitzalan's niece Eleanor de Bohun , who was also his wife's niece. The two men eventually became members of the Council of Regency, and formed a strong and virulent opposition to the King. This would later prove fatal to both men.
Richard and Elizabeth had seven children:[2]
Thomas Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel , Earl of Surrey KG (13 October 1381- 13 October 1415), married 26 November 1405, Beatrice, illegitimate daughter of King John I of Portugal and Inez Perez Esteves.[3] The marriage was childless.
Lady Eleanor Fitzalan (c.1365- 1375), on 28 October 1371, at the age of about six, married Robert de Ufford. Died childless.
Lady Elizabeth FitzAlan (1366- 8 July 1425), married firstly before 1378, Sir William de Montagu, secondly in 1384, Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk , by whom she had four children, thirdly before 19 August 1401, Sir Robert Goushill, by whom she had two daughters, and fourthly before 1411, Sir Gerard Afflete. The Howard Dukes of Norfolk descend from her daughter Margaret Mowbray who married Sir Robert Howard .
Lady Joan FitzAlan (1375- 14 November 1435), married William de Beauchamp, 1st Baron Bergavenny , by whom she had a son, Richard de Beauchamp, 1st Earl of Worcester and a daughter Joan de Beauchamp , wife of James Butler , 4th Earl of Ormond .
Lady Alice Fitzalan (1378- before October 1415), married before March 1392, John Cherlton, Lord Cherlton. Had an affair with Cardinal Henry Beaufort , by whom she had an illegitimate daughter, Jane Beaufort.[4]
Lady Margaret Fitzalan (1382- after 1423), married Sir Rowland Lenthall, of Hampton Court, Herefordshire, by whom she had two sons.
Son Fitzalan (his name is given as either Richard or William).
Death
Elizabeth de Bohun died on 3 April 1385 at the age of about thirty- five. She was buried at Lewes in Sussex. Her husband married secondly Philippa Mortimer on 15 August 1390, by whom he had a son John Fitzalan (1394- after 1397).
Richard Fitzalan was executed by decapitation on 21 September 1397 at Tower Hill Cheapside , London for having committed high treason against King Richard.[5] His titles and estates were attainted until October 1400, when they were restored to his son and heir Thomas Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel by the new king Henry IV who had ascended to the English throne upon the deposition of King Richard in 1399.
Elizabeth married Sir Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel & 10th Earl of Surrey 159 160 161 162 about 28 Sep 1359. Richard was born in 1346 in <Arundel, West Sussex>, England and died on 21 Sep 1397 in Cheapside, London, England at age 51.
Marriage Notes: Wikipedia
Death Notes: Condemned and beheaded on Tower Hill by Richard II
Noted events in his life were:
• Succeeded: to the lordships of Bromfield (Wrexham) and Yale, 24 Jan 1376. upon the death of his father.
• Inherited: Castrum Leonis (Holt Castle) and Dynas Bran and lands in Wrightesham (Wrexham), 24 Jan 1376.
• "Wonderful Parliament": 1388. He was one of the five lords appellant.
• Built: a stone bridge between Bromfield and Chirk, 1392.
(Duplicate Line. See Person 97)
103. Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford, Earl of Essex & Northampton 172 173 (Sir William de Bohun, K.G., 1st Earl of Northampton70, Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England50, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1342, died on 16 Jan 1373 at age 31, and was buried in Walden Abbey, Essex, England.
Research Notes: 7th Earl of Hereford, 6th Earl of Essex and 2nd Earl of Northampton.
From Wikipedia - Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford :
Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford, 6th Earl of Essex and 2nd Earl of Northampton (1342 - 16 January 1373 ) was an important medieval English noble during the reign of King Edward III of England .
Lineage
He was the son of William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton , and Elizabeth de Badlesmere . His paternal grandparents were Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford and Elizabeth of Rhuddlan , daughter of King Edward I . His maternal grandparents were Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere and Margaret de Clare . He was the last of this de Bohun line, but his titles should have been passed to his successor who was his second cousin.
Inheritance
On his death, his great estates were divided between his two surviving daughters: Mary de Bohun , who married Henry Bolingbroke, the future Henry IV and Eleanor de Bohun , who married Thomas of Woodstock . His third daughter, Elizabeth, had died young.
His wife and the mother of his daughters was Joan Fitzalan , daughter of Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel and Eleanor of Lancaster , whom he married after 9 September 1359.
These estates went to the husbands of the daughters of Humphrey even though there was a male heir alive in Hereford until 1381 - his name is Gilbert de Bohun - who married Margaret Wastney, great-granddaughter of Robert Fitzrobert, and they had a daughter called Joan who married Walter Weaver in 1362 and had male issue.
Henry IV was created Duke of Hereford before he usurped the throne.
Humphrey married Joan FitzAlan.165 Joan was born about 1348, died on 17 Apr 1419 about age 71, and was buried in Walden Abbey, Essex, England.
(Duplicate Line. See Person 100)
104. James Botiller, 2nd Earl of Ormond (Eleanor de Bohun71, Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England50, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 4 Oct 1331 in Kilkenny, Ireland and died in 1382 at age 51.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 7-31
James married Elizabeth Darcy about 1346. Elizabeth died 24 Mar 1389 or 1390.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 130 M i. James Botiller, 3rd Earl of Ormond was born after 1361 and died in Sep 1405.
105. Petronilla Botiller 175 (Eleanor de Bohun71, Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England50, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) died about 1368.
Noted events in her life were:
• Living: 28 May 1365.
Petronilla married Gilbert Talbot, 3rd Lord Talbot 205 on 8 Sep 1352. Gilbert was born about 1332 and died on 24 Apr 1387 about age 55.
Noted events in his life were:
• Member of Parliament: 1362.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 131 M i. Sir Richard Talbot, Lord Talbot 206 was born about 1361 and died about 7 Sep 1396 about age 35.
+ 132 F ii. Mary Talbot 207 died on 13 Apr 1434.
106. Margaret Courtenay 132 (Margaret de Bohun74, Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England50, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1326 in <Exeter, Devonshire>, England, died on 2 Aug 1385 about age 59, and was buried on 2 Aug 1385 in Cobham, Kent, England.
Margaret married John de Cobham 208 between 1332 and 1334 in Cobham, Kent, England. John was born about 1321 in <Cobham, Kent>, England, died on 10 Jan 1407 in Cobham, Kent, England about age 86, and was buried in Grey Friars, London, Middlesex, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 133 F i. Joan de Cobham 208 was born about 1340 in <Cobham, Kent>, England, died about 1388 in Chrishall, Essex, England about age 48, and was buried in Chrishall, Essex, England.
107. Isabel le Despenser 179 180 (Eleanor de Clare81, Joan , of Acre52, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1312 and died in 1356 at age 44.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Isabel le Despenser, Countess of Arundel :
Isabel le Despenser (1312 - 1356) was the eldest daughter of Hugh the younger Despenser and Eleanor de Clare . Her father is famous for being the favorite of Edward II of England .
Early Life
After their father was executed for treason in 1326, Isabel and her youngest sister Elizabeth le Despenser were the only daughters of Hugh the Younger to escape being confined in nunneries, Isabel because she was already married and Elizabeth because of her youth.
Marriage and Annulment
On 9 February 1321 Isabel was married to Richard Fitzalan , the heir to the earldom of Arundel.
Richard and Isabel had one son, Edmund Fitzalan, born in 1327, and in 1331 Isabel's husband became earl of Arundel . However in December 1344 Richard Fitzalan had their marriage annulled on the grounds that he had never freely consented to marry Isabel. Isabel retired to several manors in Essex that were given to her by her ex-husband.
Richard and Isabel's only child, Edmund Fitzalan, was rendered illegitimate by this annulment and so was unable to inherit his father's earldom. When his father died in 1376 Edmund quarrelled with his half-siblings, the children of his father's second marriage, over inheritance rights. Edmund was imprisoned in the Tower of London until he was released in 1377 by request of his brothers-in-law.
Isabel married Sir Richard "Copped Hat" FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel and Warenne 156 157 158 on 9 Feb 1321. Marriage status: annulment in Dec 1344. Richard was born about 1313, died on 24 Jan 1376 in Arundel, West Sussex, England about age 63, and was buried in Lewes Priory, Lewes, Sussex, England.
Noted events in his life were:
• Earl of Arundel: 1331.
• Lord of Bromfield (Wrexham) and Yale: 30 Jun 1347. upon the death of his uncle, John II de Warenne.
• Inherited: castles of Caerleon (Holt) and Dinas Bran, 30 Jun 1347.
• Did homage: to Edward III, 24 Oct 1353. for Bromfield and Yale as immediately subject to the Crown.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 134 F i. Isabel FitzAlan 209 died on 29 Aug 1396.
108. Philip Le Despenser, of Stoke, Gloucestershire 178 (Eleanor de Clare81, Joan , of Acre52, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1244 in <Gloucestershire, > England and died on 24 Sep 1313 about age 69.
Philip married Margaret de Goushill.136 Margaret was born on 12 May 1294 in <Whittingdon>, Shropshire, England, was christened in Whittingdon, Shropshire, England, and died on 29 Jul 1349 at age 55.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 135 M i. Philip Le Despenser, of Camoys Manor, Toppesfield, Essex was born on 6 Apr 1313 in Goxhill, Lincolnshire, England and died on 23 Aug 1349 at age 36.
109. Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York 143 (Edward III , King of England82, King Edward II , of England54, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 5 Jun 1341 in Kings Langley, Hertfordshire, England and died on 1 Aug 1402 in Kings Langley, Hertfordshire, England at age 61.
Research Notes:
Edmund married Isabella , of Castile, Duchess of York 143 in 1372. Isabella was born about 1355, died on 23 Dec 1392 in Kings Langley, Hertfordshire, England about age 37, and was buried in Kings Langley, Hertfordshire, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 136 F i. Constance of York 143 was born about 1374, died on 29 Nov 1416 about age 42, and was buried in Reading Abbey, Reading, Berkshire, England.
110. Elizabeth de Segrave, 5th Baroness Segrave (Margaret , Duchess of Norfolk86, Thomas , of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk55, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 25 Oct 1338 in Croxton Abbey, Leicestershire, England and died before 1368.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 16-31
Elizabeth married John de Mowbray, 4th Lord Mowbray on 25 Mar 1349. John was born on 13 Sep 1340 in Bretby, Derby, England and died on 9 Oct 1368 near Constantinople (Istanbul), (Turkey) at age 28.
Marriage Notes: by Papal dispensation
Death Notes: Slain by Saracens
The child from this marriage was:
+ 137 M i. Sir Thomas de Mowbray, 6th Lord Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk 210 211 was born on 22 Mar 1366 and died on 22 Sep 1399 in Venice, Italy at age 33.
111. Elen verch Thomas ap Llewellyn Owen (Eleanor ferch Philip ap Ifor87, Catherine verch Llewellyn Gryffyth56, Elinor de Montfort35, Eleanor24, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1337.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008)., Line 254-34
Source: http://www.varrall.net/pafg60.htm#1202
Also Wikipedia (Gruffydd Fychan II)
Source: Collections Historical & Archaeological Relating to Montgomeryshire, and its Borders, Vol. XIII, Issued by the Powys-Land Club for the Use of Its Members, London, 1880, p. 123 has "Ellen, dau. and coheir of Thomas ap Llewellin. (Gu., within a bordure or, a lion ramp. of the last.)"
Source: Rootsweb - Celtic Royal Genealogy has b. abt 1337
Elen married Gruffydd Fychan II ap Gruffydd ap Madog, of Rhuddallt, Baron of Glyndyfrdwy. Gruffydd was born before 1330 and died in 1369.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 138 F i. Lowry Fychan verch Gruffydd Fychan was born about 1367.
+ 139 M ii. Owain Glyn Dwr ap Gruffudd, of Glyndyfrdwy and Sycharth was born about 1354.
+ 140 F iii. Isabel Fychan
+ 141 M iv. Tudor ap Gruffydd Fychan, Lord of Gwyddelwern 212 was born about 1365 and died on 15 May 1405 in Pwll Melyn (Usk), (Monmouthshire), (Wales) about age 40.
112. Margaret verch Thomas ap Llywelyn Owain (Eleanor ferch Philip ap Ifor87, Catherine verch Llewellyn Gryffyth56, Elinor de Montfort35, Eleanor24, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1)
113. Sir Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel 187 188 (Isabella de Mortimer88, Roger de Mortimer, of Wigmore, 1st Baron Mortimer58, Gwladys "Ddu" verch Llewellyn38, Joan , Princess of Gwynedd25, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born from 1207 to 3 Feb 1266 and died on 9 Mar 1302 at age 94.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel :
Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel (7th Earl of Arundel per Ancestral Roots) (February 3 1266/7 - March 9 1301/2 ) was an English Norman medieval nobleman.
Lineage
He was the son of John FitzAlan, 7th Earl of Arundel (6th Earl of Arundel per Ancestral Roots) and Isabella Mortimer, daughter of Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Wigmore and Maud de Braose . His paternal grandparents were John Fitzalan, 6th Earl of Arundel and Maud le Botiller.
Titles
Richard was feudal Lord of Clun and Oswestry in the Welsh Marches . After attaining his majority in 1289 he became the 8th Earl of Arundel , by being summoned to Parliament by a writ directed to the Earl of Arundel.
Knighted by King Edward I
He was knighted by King Edward I of England in 1289.
Fought in Wales, Gascony & Scotland
He fought in the Welsh wars, 1288 to 1294, when the Welsh castle of Castell y Bere (near modern day Towyn ) was besieged by Madog ap Llywelyn . He commanded the force sent to relieve the siege and he also took part in many other campaigns in Wales ; also in Gascony 1295-97; and furthermore in the Scottish wars, 1298-1300.
Marriage & Issue
He married sometime before 1285, Alice of Saluzzo (also known as Alesia di Saluzzo), daughter of Thomas I of Saluzzo in Italy.
Their children were:
Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel .
John, a priest
Alice FitzAlan , married Stephen de Segrave, 3rd Lord Segrave
Margaret FitzAlan , married William le Botiller (or Butler)
Conjecture:
Eleanor FitzAlan , married Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy
References
Richard married Alasia , di Saluzzo 213 before 1285. Alasia died on 25 Sep 1292.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 142 M i. Sir Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel 214 215 was born on 1 May 1285 and died on 17 Nov 1326 in Hereford, Herefordshire, England at age 41.
114. William de Beauchamp, 5th Baron Beauchamp 190 191 192 (Isabella de Mortimer88, Roger de Mortimer, of Wigmore, 1st Baron Mortimer58, Gwladys "Ddu" verch Llewellyn38, Joan , Princess of Gwynedd25, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1210 and died in 1269 about age 59.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick :
His father was William de Beauchamp of Elmley Castle , his mother, Isabel Mauduit, sister and heiress of William Mauduit, 8th Earl of Warwick .
Noted events in his life were:
• 5th Baron Beauchamp:
• Will: 7 Jan 1269.
William married Isabel Mauduit.191 216 217 Isabel was born about 1214, died before 1268, and was buried in Nunnery of Cokehill, Worcestershire, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 143 M i. William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick 189 191 was born about 1237 in Elmley Castle, Worcestershire, England, died on 9 Jun 1298 in Elmley Castle, Worcestershire, England about age 61, and was buried in Grey Friars, Worcestershire, England.
William next married Maud de Braose 79 144 145 in 1151 in Gower, Glamorganshire, Wales. Maud was born in 1224 in <Gower, Glamorganshire>, Wales, died before 23 Mar 1301 in Herefordshire, England, and was buried in Wigmore Abbey, Wigmore, Herefordshire, England.
115. Sir Roger de Mortimer, 8th Baron Mortimer of Wigmore, 1st Earl of March (Sir Edmund de Mortimer, 7th Baron Mortimer of Wigmore89, Roger de Mortimer, of Wigmore, 1st Baron Mortimer58, Gwladys "Ddu" verch Llewellyn38, Joan , Princess of Gwynedd25, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 25 Apr 1287 and died on 29 Nov 1330 at age 43.
Research Notes: 8th Baron Mortimer of Wigmore, 1st Earl of March, Lord of Leix, Ireland.
Created Earl of March, October 1328.
Granted seisin of lands in Ireland, 1308, by Joan's grandfather, Geoffrey.
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 176B-31 and 71A-32 (Joan de Geneville)
Roger married Joan de Geneville before 6 Oct 1306. Joan was born 2 Feb 1285 or 1286 and died on 19 Oct 1356 at age 71.
116. Isolde de Mortimer 148 (Sir Edmund de Mortimer, 7th Baron Mortimer of Wigmore89, Roger de Mortimer, of Wigmore, 1st Baron Mortimer58, Gwladys "Ddu" verch Llewellyn38, Joan , Princess of Gwynedd25, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1270 in <Wigmore, Herefordshire>, England and died in 1328 about age 58.
Isolde married Hugh I de Audley 41 83 in Wigmore, Herefordshire, England. Hugh was born about 1250 in Audley, Staffordshire, England and died about 1336 about age 86.
(Duplicate Line. See Person 59)
117. John Neville 194 (Alice Audley90, Hugh I de Audley59, Ela Longspee39, William II Longspée26, William Longspée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury16, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1328 in <Raby With Keverstone>, Durham, England and died on 17 Oct 1388 in Newcastle Upon Tyne, Northumberland, England about age 60.
John married someone.
+ 144 M i. Ralph de Neville 194 was born in 1364 in <Castle Raby>, Raby With Keverstone, Durham, England, died on 21 Oct 1426 in Castle Raby, Raby With Keverstone, Durham, England at age 62, and was buried in Oct 1426 in Collegiate Church, Staindrop, Durham, England.
118. Eleanor de Ferrers (Sir John de Ferrers, of Southoe and Keyston92, Alianore de Bohun61, Humphrey VI de Bohun40, Humphrey V de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, 7th Earl of Essex27, Henry de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford17, Margaret , of Huntingdon12, Henry, of Huntingdon, Earl of Northumberland & Huntingdon9, David I "The Saint", King of Scots5, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1)
Eleanor married Thomas de Lathom, of Lathom and Knowsley, Lancastershire.218 Thomas was born in 1300 and died on 17 Sep 1370 at age 70.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 145 M i. Sir Thomas de Lathom, of Lathom, Lancashire 219 220 died before 20 Mar 1382.
12th Generation 119. Alice FitzAlan 196 (Sir Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel & 10th Earl of Surrey97, Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1374 and died before 1415.
Research Notes: From the book Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry, edited by Thomas Allen Glenn (Philadelphia, 1902), provided by books.google.com, p. 51:
"The Earl of Arundel had issue by his first wife Elizabeth:...
3. Alice married John de Charlton prior 1392; died before 1415, S. P."
---------------
From Ancestral Roots, Line 234-31 :
"Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Lincoln, Bishop of Winchester, Cardinal of St. Eusebius,... in his youth had an affair with Lady Alice Fitz Alan, b. abt. 1373/5, d.s.p. legit. bef the death of her bro., Thomas Fitz Alan in 1415, dau. of Sir Richard Fitz Alan. (60-32, 20-31). Alice m. by Mar. 1392, John Cherleton, 4th Lord Cherleton, feudal Lord of Powis, d.s.p. 1401."
Alice married John Cherleton, 4th Lord Cherleton 221 by Mar 1392. John died in 1401.
Death Notes: d.s.p. according to Ancestral Roots.
Noted events in his life were:
• Feudal lord of Powis:
The child from this marriage was:
+ 146 M i. Sir Edward Cherleton, K.G., Lord of Cherleton 222 was born about 1371 and died 14 Mar 1420 or 1421 about age 49.
120. Joane FitzAlan 160 161 197 (Sir Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel & 10th Earl of Surrey97, Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1375 and died on 14 Nov 1453 at age 78.
Death Notes: Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_FitzAlan%2C_11th_Earl_of_Arundel has death date 14 Nov 1453. Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry, has 14 Nov 1435. Which is right?
Research Notes: From Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry, p. 50:
"The Earl of Arundel had issue by his first wife Elizabeth:...
6. Joane, married before 1392, William Beauchamp of Abergavenny. She died 14 Nov. 1435..."
-------
From Archæologia Cambrensis, Vol. VII, 6th Series, 1907, pp. 16-17:
"...As Thomas Earl of Arundel died without heirs male surviving, his estates were divided, subject to the aforesaid dower, among his three sisters, or among their children or grandchildren in right of them. These sisters were Elizabeth, wife of Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk; Joan, wife of William Beauchamp, Lord Abergavenny; and Margaret, wife of Sir Roland Lenthall, knight, all of whom were still living on the 20th July, 1416. The inheritors of the three portions after the death of the Countess Beatrix [25 October 1447] were (1) John Mowbray, son of Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk; (2) Elizabeth, wife of Sir Edward Neville, and daughter of Richard, Earl of Worcester, who was the son of Joan, Lady Abergavenny; and (3) Edmund, son of Sir Roland and Margaret Lenthall."
Joane married William Beauchamp, Lord Abergavenny 200 223 before 1392. William was born about 1343 and died on 8 May 1411 about age 68.
Noted events in his life were:
• Created: Baron Bergavenny, 23 Jul 1392.
121. Elizabeth FitzAlan, d'Arundelle 198 199 (Sir Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel & 10th Earl of Surrey97, Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 8 Jul 1379 in Derbyshire, England and died on 8 Jul 1425 in Hoveringham, England at age 46.
Birth Notes: Glenda Turcks http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=DESC&db=nanatea&id=I33919 has b. 8 Jul 1379.
Wikipedia or some other source has abt 1366 in Derbyshire, England.
Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry, Edited by Thomas Allen Glenn at the request of Howard Reifsnyder, privately printed, Philadelphia, 1902, provided by http://books.google.com, p. 51 has b. 1376.
Research Notes: 4rh wife of Sir Robert Goushill
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), Line 20-32
See also Wikipedia (Lady Elizabeth FitzAlan)
From the book Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry, edited by Thomas Allen Glenn (Philadelphia, 1902), provided by books.google.com, p. 51-52:
"IV. LADY ELIZABETH FITZ ALAN, was born 1376, and died 8 Jul 1425. She married, first, before 1 December 1378, William de Montacute, son of William Earl of Salisbury, who died 6 August, 1383. She married, secondly, 1386, as his second wife, Thomas K. G. 7th Lord Mowbray Earl Marshall of England, 1st duke of Norfolk, and Earl of Nottingham, who died 22 September, 1399. She married, thirdly on or before the 1 September, 1401, Sir Robert Goushill, Knight, of Haveringham in the county of Nottingham, and Lord of Hault Hucknall Manor in Berbyshire. He had been Esquire to the duke of Norfolk her former husband. She married, fourthly, Sir Gerard Ufflete, Knight, of Wigmore, Yorkshire, but retained the title of Dowager Duchess of Norfolk until her death. The following letter written by her in 1421-2 is extant. The William Troutbeck there referred to was the grandfather of the William Troutbeck mentioned later.
"The letter is as follows:
'The Duchuse of Norff.
'Right dere and well beloved, we grete you well, and alsmycull as we have given under oure great seale of armes, unto oure servante Norman Babyngton, and Margaret his wife, and unto the heires of Norman, the third part of the manoirs of Staune Dunham and Troughford, with the app' tenuz, of which, William Troutbeck holds of us the third part t' me of his life yielding to us yerely a certayne rent, as the said William Troutbeck can declare you more pleyneley, we pray you with all oure hert, that ye make fine to be rered before you of the third part of the ad manoirs, and also of the third part of the ferme, the which the ad Troutbeck yeilds to us and oure sisters, unto the heres of Norman, and with warrantie, writen under oure greate seale at Annesley, xx May (1421-1422).
'To oure dere and right well beloved Peirs of Poole, Justice of Chester.'
"Seal of arms two and a half inches in diameter, bearing arms of England, with a label of three points impaling a shield blazoned, quarterly, 1st and 4th, checquey, 2nd and 3d, a lion rampant, Circumscriberd: 'x Sigillum d'ni Elizabeth ... Norforthie : comitisse : marchli : .. redby : de Knapp .. (Hist. Ches. Ormerod.)
"By her 3d husband, Sir Robert Goushill, Knight:
Joan Goushill, d. and heiress, of whom presently."
-----------
From "GOUSHILL FITZ-ALAN TOMB AT HOVERINGHAM
" (http://sites.google.com/site/goushilltomb/goushill-tomb/) :
ELIZABETH FITZ-ALAN: Elizabeth was the eldest daughter of Richard Fitz-Alan the 11th Earl of Arundel and his wife Elizabeth de Bohun. Both the Fitz-Alan and Bohun family lines were among the highest in the peerage of medieval England. Elizabeth Fitz-Alan had a double line of direct descent from the Plantagenet Kings of England. Through her mother's Bohun line she was a direct descendant of King Edward I and Eleanor of Castile, and through her Fitz-Alan ancestry a direct descendant of King Henry III and Eleanor of Provence. She was also related by cousinship to both King Henry IV and to his first wife Mary Bohun. Elizabeth was born before 1372, (in 1415 she was given as aged 40 or more), and a best estimate would be closer to 1367. By December of 1378 she would be married to her first husband William de Montagu, son of the Earl of Salisbury. This marriage for Elizabeth would certainly have been in her childhood. William de Montagu was killed in a tilting match at Windsor in 1382. Elizabeth Fitz-Alan would marry as her 2nd husband Thomas Mowbray, the Earl of Nottingham and later the Duke of Norfolk, in July of 1384. This marriage would last for 15 years until Thomas Mowbray's death in Venice on September 22, 1399. Elizabeth would have 2 sons and 2 daughters during her marriage with Thomas Mowbray. The sons were Thomas Mowbray 1385-1405 and John Mowbray 1390-1432, (both of these sons would assume the title Earl of Nottingham), the 2 daughters were Margaret who married Sir Robert Howard, and Isabel who married Henry Ferrers. In 1397 Thomas Mowbray was among those who accused and condemed Elizabeth's father Richard Fitz-Alan, the Earl of Arundel. Richard Fitz-Alan was found guilty of treason and be-headed at Cheapside on September 21, 1397. One apocryphal rumor even had Thomas Mowbray as the actual executioner of his father-in-law Richard Fitz-Alan. The now twice widowed Duchess of Norfolk would next marry Sir Robert Goushill as previously discussed in length. After the death of Sir Robert Goushill at Shrewsbury in 1403, she would marry Sir Gerald Usflete of Yorkshire as her fourth husband before April 18, 1411. Sir Gerald Usflete was the steward of the Duchy of Lancaster in Lincolnshire. Elizabeth Fitz-Alan would become a co-heiress of her brother Thomas, Earl of Arundel and Surrey, in 1415. (Thomas had died sans progeny on October 13, 1415, and his sisters had become his heirs). Sir Gerald Usflete died by Feb. 1420/21, having written his will on September 13, 1420. No children were born to Elizabeth Fitz-Alan and Gerald Usflete.
Elizabeth Fitz-Alan would live on after the death of her fourth husband Gerald Usflete until her own death on July 8, 1425. It is believed that she returned to Hoveringham in her final years. Born in the reign of King Edward III, she would live through the reigns of Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, and into the reign of Henry VI. Through blood and marriage, Elizabeth Fitz-Alan would be closely touched by nearly all of the events in this period of turbulence, violence, and political turmoil in English history.
-----------
From Archæologia Cambrensis, Vol. VII, 6th Series, 1907, pp. 16-17:
"...As Thomas Earl of Arundel died without heirs male surviving, his estates were divided, subject to the aforesaid dower, among his three sisters, or among their children or grandchildren in right of them. These sisters were Elizabeth, wife of Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk; Joan, wife of William Beauchamp, Lord Abergavenny; and Margaret, wife of Sir Roland Lenthall, knight, all of whom were still living on the 20th July, 1416. The inheritors of the three portions after the death of the Countess Beatrix [25 October 1447] were (1) John Mowbray, son of Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk; (2) Elizabeth, wife of Sir Edward Neville, and daughter of Richard, Earl of Worcester, who was the son of Joan, Lady Abergavenny; and (3) Edmund, son of Sir Roland and Margaret Lenthall."
Noted events in her life were:
• Granted: the remaining goods of the late Duke of Norfolk by King Henry IV, 23 Feb 1400.
Elizabeth married Sir William de Montacute.224 225 226 William was born about 1360 and died on 6 Aug 1383 about age 23.
Death Notes: Killed in a tournament (per Wikipedia)
Elizabeth next married Sir Thomas de Mowbray, 6th Lord Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk 210 211 in Jul 1384. Thomas was born on 22 Mar 1366 and died on 22 Sep 1399 in Venice, Italy at age 33.
Death Notes: Died from the Plague
Noted events in his life were:
• 1st Duke of Norfolk: 1397.
• Banished: by King Richard II, 1398.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 147 M i. Thomas de Mowbray, 4th Earl of Norfolk 227 was born in 1385 and died on 8 Jun 1405 at age 20.
+ 148 M ii. John de Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk 228 was born in 1392 and died on 19 Oct 1432 in Epworth at age 40.
+ 149 F iii. Margaret de Mowbray
Elizabeth next married Sir Robert Goushill, of Hoveringham, Lord of Hault Hucknall Manor 199 229 230 231 232 before 19 Aug 1401. Robert was born about 1363 in <Hoveringham, Nottinghamshire, England> and died before 1414 in <Hoveringham, Nottinghamshire, England>.
Noted events in his life were:
• Sheriff of Warwickshire: 1397.
• Knighted: by King Henry IV, 21 Jul 1403, at the Battle of Shrewsbury.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 150 F i. Joan Goushill 233 234 235 236 was born about 1402 in <Hoveringham, Nottinghamshire>, England and died after 1459.
+ 151 F ii. Elizabeth Goushill 232 was born about 1403.
+ 152 F iii. Joyce Goushill
+ 153 M iv. Robert Goushill 237 was born about 1401 and died about 1415 about age 14.
Elizabeth next married Sir Gerard Usflete.199 238
122. Richard FitzAlan (Sir Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel & 10th Earl of Surrey97, Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1)
123. Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel, Earl of Surrey 171 200 201 202 (Sir Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel & 10th Earl of Surrey97, Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 13 Oct 1381 and died on 13 Oct 1415 at age 34.
Research Notes: From Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry, p. 51:
"The Earl of Arundel had issue by his first wife Elizabeth...
2. Thomas, who died S. P. and whose title passed to his kinsman, but whose lands descended to his sisters..."
-------
From Wikipedia - Elizabeth de Bohun :
Thomas Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel , Earl of Surrey KG (13 October 1381- 13 October 1415), married 26 November 1405, Beatrice, illegitimate daughter of King John I of Portugal and Inez Perez Esteves.[3] The marriage was childless.
---------
From Archæologia Cambrensis, Vol. VII, 6th series, 1907, p. 16 :
"He had a rather troublous time, many of his tenants having joined Owen Glyndwr, for which tenants he afterwards procured a pardon from the King. Moreover, it would seem that in his manor of Hewlington, just outside the franchise of Holt, now part of the township of the same, and certainly elsewhere within his lordship of Bromfield [Wrexham] and Yale, the country was wasted by Owen's adherents, and houses were destroyed; so that the stewards had to grant the lands to such as would take them at a lower rant than was formerly paid for the same...
"Altogether, we get the impression that Earl Thomas was a very fine sort of a man compared with the ordinary Lord Marcher of the time. He died without children surviving, and Henry V assigned to his widow, Beatrix of Portugal, as dower, certain possessions of the deceased lord."
-------
From Wikipedia - Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel :
Thomas Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel KG (13 October 1381 - 13 October 1415) was an English nobleman, one of the principals of the deposition of Richard II , and a major figure during the reign of Henry IV .
Lineage
He was the only surviving son of Richard Fitzalan, 11th Earl of Arundel and his first wife, Elizabeth de Bohun . When he was 16 his father was executed and his lands and titles forfeited. Thomas was given as ward to the King's half-brother John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter , along with a large part of the Arundel estates. Holland greatly mistreated him, a matter Thomas was to cruelly repay many years later.
Escape and exile
Eventually Thomas escaped from his guardian and joined his uncle Thomas Arundel , the deposed Archbishop of Canterbury , in exile. The two eventually joined with another exile, the King's cousin Henry Bolingbroke .
The return of Bolingbroke and Restoration
Thomas followed Henry in his return to England in July 1399, and in the following events which led to the deposition of King Richard and Henry's crowning as King Henry IV. He was butler at the coronation, and shortly afterward the new King restored him to his titles and estates. These included two notable Earldoms; those of Earl of Arundel and Earl of Surrey , and large estates in the Welsh Marches .
The Epiphany Rising
Early the next year a group of Barons who had been close to the deposed King Richard II revolted-known as the Epiphany Rising -amongst them Thomas' former guardian John Holland. The latter was captured by followers of Thomas's aunt Joan, Countess of Hereford , and at Thomas' behest was soon executed (some claim he was tortured first).
The rebellion of Owain Glyndwr in Wales
The next few years Thomas was much occupied by events in the Welsh marches, where he had to help deal with the revolt of Owain Glyndwr which ran in full from 1400 to maybe 1412 but gained a great deal of early momentum until 1405. After the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403 he was appointed to defend the Marches from further attacks along its full length and then focused on defeating Glyndwr in the northern March adjacent to North Wales.
Revolt in the North
In 1405 there was a revolt in the north of England, led by the Archbishop of York , Richard le Scrope , and the 2nd Duke of Norfolk , John Mowbray . Thomas was the head of the Commission which condemned the pair to death. This apparently led to a falling out between Thomas and his uncle, Archbishop Thomas Arundel, who objected to the execution of a fellow prelate.
Portuguese alliance and marriages
King Henry's sister, Philippa of Lancaster , had married King John I of Portugal , and to further cement the alliance between England and Portugal, Thomas married Beatrice , the illegitimate daughter of King John. The wedding took place in London on 26 November 1405 , with King Henry IV in attendance.
Further Welsh conflict
In the following years Thomas again had to help suppress revolts in Wales and the Welsh Marches .
Alliance with Burgundy
Politically Thomas allied himself with the King's half-brothers the Beauforts, and when Thomas Beaufort, 1st Duke of Exeter was appointed Chancellor in 1410, Arundel became one of the King's principal councillors. Beaufort favored an alliance with Burgundy , and Arundel was one of the leaders of those sent to help fight the rival Armagnac faction in France. Sometime in this period Arundel was made a Knight of the Garter .
Death of King Henry IV
In 1412 the Beauforts lost power, and Arundel retired to his estates until the next year, when King Henry IV died. Of course his son, King Henry V restored Arundel to a place of influence, immediately appointing him Lord Treasurer, as well as constable of Dover Castle and Warden of the Cinque Ports .
French focus
Arundel was one of the initial commanders of Henry V's 1415 French campaign, but at the siege of Harfleur he, along with many others, fell ill and had to return to England.
Death
He never recovered, and died not long afterwards.
Succession
Arundel left no children. The castle and lordship of Arundel was inherited by his cousin John Fitzalan, 13th Earl of Arundel . The Earldom of Surrey fell into abeyance (or went extinct; authorities differ on this matter). The rest of his property was split amongst his three surviving sisters.
Noted events in his life were:
• Restored: to the estates of his father, including Holt Castle, 1399 or 1400. by Henry IV, becoming Lord of Bromfield (Wrexham), Yale, Chirk, Oswestry, Clun, etc.
• Lord of Bromfield (Wrexham) and Yale: 1399 or 1400.
• Lord of Chirk, Oswestry and Clun: 1399 or 1400.
• Indentured: to serve Henry, Prince of Wales, 20 Feb 1408. 239 and afterwards Henry V, for life, by sea and by land, in peace and in war, receiving for such service 250 marks yearly.
• Granted: a charter to the burgesses of Holt, Nov 1411. 240
Thomas married Beatrix , of Portugal 241 242 on 26 Nov 1405 in London, England. Beatrix was born about 1386 in <Portugal> and died on 25 Oct 1437 in Bordeaux, France about age 51.
Marriage Notes: King Henry IV was in attendance.
Death Notes: Died from the Black Death.
Noted events in her life were:
• Assigned, as dower,: certain possessions of her deceased husband by Henry V, Abt Oct 1415.
124. Alianora FitzAlan (Sir Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel & 10th Earl of Surrey97, Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1)
125. Margaret FitzAlan 171 197 200 (Sir Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel & 10th Earl of Surrey97, Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1382 and died after 1423.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Elizabeth de Bohun :
Lady Margaret Fitzalan (1382- after 1423), married Sir Rowland Lenthall, of Hampton Court, Herefordshire, by whom she had two sons.
--------
From Archæologia Cambrensis, Vol. VII, 6th Series, 1907, pp. 16-17:
"...As Thomas Earl of Arundel died without heirs male surviving, his estates were divided, subject to the aforesaid dower, among his three sisters, or among their children or grandchildren in right of them. These sisters were Elizabeth, wife of Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk; Joan, wife of William Beauchamp, Lord Abergavenny; and Margaret, wife of Sir Roland Lenthall, knight, all of whom were still living on the 20th July, 1416. The inheritors of the three portions after the death of the Countess Beatrix [25 October 1447] were (1) John Mowbray, son of Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk; (2) Elizabeth, wife of Sir Edward Neville, and daughter of Richard, Earl of Worcester, who was the son of Joan, Lady Abergavenny; and (3) Edmund, son of Sir Roland and Margaret Lenthall."
Margaret married Sir Rowhall Lenthall, of Hampton Court, Herefordshire.161 171
126. Margaret FitzAlan (John FitzAlan, 1st Baron Arundel and Lord Maltravers98, Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1)
Margaret married William de Ros, 7th Baron de Ros. William was born in 1369 and died on 1 Sep 1414 at age 45.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 154 F i. Margaret de Ros died after 1423.
127. Sir John FitzAlan, Lord of Arundel 204 (John FitzAlan, 1st Baron Arundel and Lord Maltravers98, Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 30 Nov 1364 and died on 14 Aug 1390 at age 25.
128. Mary de Bohun (Joan FitzAlan100, Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1)
129. Eleanor de Bohun (Joan FitzAlan100, Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) died in 1399.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 97-34
130. James Botiller, 3rd Earl of Ormond (James Botiller, 2nd Earl of Ormond104, Eleanor de Bohun71, Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England50, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born after 1361 and died in Sep 1405.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 7-32
James married Anne Welles before 17 Jun 1386. Anne died before 13 Nov 1405.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 155 M i. James Botiller, 4th Earl of Ormond was born in 1391 and died on 23 Aug 1452 at age 61.
131. Sir Richard Talbot, Lord Talbot 206 (Petronilla Botiller105, Eleanor de Bohun71, Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England50, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1361 and died about 7 Sep 1396 about age 35.
Noted events in his life were:
• Baron Talbot de Blackmere:
• Member of Parliament: 1384.
Richard married Ankaret le Strange, 7th Baroness Strange of Blackmere 243 244 before 23 Aug 1383. Ankaret was born in 1361 and died in 1413 at age 52.
132. Mary Talbot 207 (Petronilla Botiller105, Eleanor de Bohun71, Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England50, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) died on 13 Apr 1434.
133. Joan de Cobham 208 (Margaret Courtenay106, Margaret de Bohun74, Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England50, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1340 in <Cobham, Kent>, England, died about 1388 in Chrishall, Essex, England about age 48, and was buried in Chrishall, Essex, England.
Joan married John de la Pole 208 on 21 Oct 1362. John was born about 1335 in <Chrishall, Essex>, England and died before 1389 in Chrishall, Essex, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 156 F i. Joan de la Pole 208 was born about 1372 in <Chrishall, Essex>, England, died on 13 Jan 1434 in Cobham, Kent, England about age 62, and was buried in Mary Magdalen, Cobham, Kent, England.
134. Isabel FitzAlan 209 (Isabel le Despenser107, Eleanor de Clare81, Joan , of Acre52, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) died on 29 Aug 1396.
Isabel married John le Strange, 4th Baron Strange of Blackmere.245 John was born in 1322 and died on 12 May 1361 at age 39.
Birth Notes: Wikipedia - Baron Strange of Blackmere- has b. 1332.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 157 F i. Ankaret le Strange, 7th Baroness Strange of Blackmere 243 244 was born in 1361 and died in 1413 at age 52.
+ 158 M ii. John le Strange, 5th Baron Strange of Blackmere 243 was born in 1353 and died in 1375 at age 22.
+ 159 F iii. Elizabeth le Strange, 6th Baroness Strange of Blackmere 243 died in 1383.
135. Philip Le Despenser, of Camoys Manor, Toppesfield, Essex (Philip Le Despenser, of Stoke, Gloucestershire108, Eleanor de Clare81, Joan , of Acre52, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 6 Apr 1313 in Goxhill, Lincolnshire, England and died on 23 Aug 1349 at age 36.
Philip married Joan de Cobham.136 Joan was born about 1316 in <Cobham>, Kent, England and died before 13 May 1357.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 160 M i. Philip Le Despenser, of Gedney, Lincolnshire 178 was born on 18 Oct 1342 in <Gedney, Lincolnshire>, England, was christened on 18 Oct 1342 in Gedney, Lincolnshire, England, and died on 4 Aug 1401 in Goxhill, Lincolnshire, England at age 58.
136. Constance of York 143 (Edmund , of Langley, 1st Duke of York109, Edward III , King of England82, King Edward II , of England54, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1374, died on 29 Nov 1416 about age 42, and was buried in Reading Abbey, Reading, Berkshire, England.
Research Notes: Married 1st husband, Thomas le Despenser (22 Sep 1373-16 Jan 1400) about 7 Nov 1379. He would eventually be beheaded at Bristol.
She was involved in an affair with Edmund Holland and had a daughter by him, Eleanor de Holand.
Her daughter Isabel le Despenser (by first husband) married Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick. They were parents to Henry de Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick, and Anne Beauchamp.;
Constance had a relationship with Edmund Holland, 4th Earl of Kent. This couple did not marry. Edmund was born on 6 Jan 1383 and died on 15 Sep 1407 at age 24.
Birth Notes: Uncertain of birth year.
Death Notes: Uncertain of death year
+ 161 F i. Eleanor de Holland 143 246 was born about 1406.
137. Sir Thomas de Mowbray, 6th Lord Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk 210 211 (Elizabeth de Segrave, 5th Baroness Segrave110, Margaret , Duchess of Norfolk86, Thomas , of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk55, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 22 Mar 1366 and died on 22 Sep 1399 in Venice, Italy at age 33.
Death Notes: Died from the Plague
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk
Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk (22 March 1366 - 22 September 1399 ) was an English nobleman.
On 10 February 1382 , he succeeded his brother John as 6th Baron Mowbray and 7th Baron Segrave, and soon afterwards was created Earl of Nottingham, a title that had also been created for his elder brother. Three years later he was appointed Earl Marshal of England , and in that capacity he fought against the Scots and then against the French .
Lord Nottingham was one of the Lords Appellant to King Richard II who deposed some of King Richard's court favorites in 1387 . The King's uncle, Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester , was imprisoned at Calais, where Nottingham was Captain. When Gloucester was killed in 1397 , it was probably at the King's orders and probably with Nottingham's involvement. A few weeks later he was created Duke of Norfolk . His aged grandmother, the Countess of Norfolk, was still alive; she was created Duchess of Norfolk for life. When she died the next year he also became 3rd Earl of Norfolk.
Later, in 1398 , Norfolk quarrelled with Henry of Bolingbroke, 1st Duke of Hereford (later King Henry IV), apparently due to mutual suspicions stemming from their roles in the conspiracy against the Duke of Gloucester. The King banished them both. After Hereford returned and usurped the throne, Norfolk was stripped of the Dukedom of Norfolk, though he retained his other titles. He died of the plague in Venice , on 22 September 1399 .[citation needed ]
The matter of Norfolk's quarrel and subsequent banishment is depicted at the beginning of Shakespeare 's Richard II .
Norfolk had no children by his first wife, Elizabeth le Strange, suo jure 3rd Baroness Strange , daughter and heiress of John le Strange, 2nd Baron Strange . He had two sons by his second wife, Lady Elizabeth FitzAlan , daughter of Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel : Thomas , later 4th Earl of Norfolk; and John , later 5th Earl of Norfolk, later restored as 2nd Duke of Norfolk.
Family
Mowbray was the son of John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray (died 1368 ), and Elizabeth Segrave, Baroness Mowbray and suo jure 5th Baroness Segrave (died 1375 ). His mother was the eldest daughter of John de Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave and Margaret Plantagenet, Duchess of Norfolk , who was the eldest daughter of Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk , a son of Edward I of England and his second Queen consort Marguerite of France . Thus Mowbray was a great-great-grandson of King Edward I.
Noted events in his life were:
• 1st Duke of Norfolk: 1397.
• Banished: by King Richard II, 1398.
Thomas married Elizabeth Strange. Elizabeth died on 23 Aug 1283.
Thomas next married Elizabeth FitzAlan, d'Arundelle 198 199 in Jul 1384. Elizabeth was born on 8 Jul 1379 in Derbyshire, England and died on 8 Jul 1425 in Hoveringham, England at age 46.
Birth Notes: Glenda Turcks http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=DESC&db=nanatea&id=I33919 has b. 8 Jul 1379.
Wikipedia or some other source has abt 1366 in Derbyshire, England.
Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry, Edited by Thomas Allen Glenn at the request of Howard Reifsnyder, privately printed, Philadelphia, 1902, provided by http://books.google.com, p. 51 has b. 1376.
Noted events in her life were:
• Granted: the remaining goods of the late Duke of Norfolk by King Henry IV, 23 Feb 1400.
(Duplicate Line. See Person 121)
138. Lowry Fychan verch Gruffydd Fychan (Elen verch Thomas ap Llewellyn Owen111, Eleanor ferch Philip ap Ifor87, Catherine verch Llewellyn Gryffyth56, Elinor de Montfort35, Eleanor24, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1367.
Research Notes: Source: http://www.varrall.net/pafg60.htm#1198 has b. abt 1367.
Rootsweb Celtic Royal Genealogy has b. abt 1362.
Also familysearch.org (Kevin Bradford) has b. abt. 1360.
From Welsh Settlement of Pennsylvania by Charles H. Browning, Philadelphia, 1912, p. 800-801:
"LOWRY VAUGHAN, sister to the celebrated Owen Glendower. She m. Robert Pyllesdon, or Puleston, lord of Emral manor, Caernarvonshire, and had, JOHN PULESTON..."
Source: Collections Historical & Archaeological Relating to Montgomeryshire, and its Borders, Vol. XIII, Issued by the Powys-Land Club for the Use of Its Members, London, 1880, p. 123 has "Lowry, dau. of Griffith. (Paly of 8 ar. and gu., a lion ramp. sa.)"
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 249-365 has Lowri ferch Gruffydd Fychan
Lowry married Robert Puleston, Esq., of Emral.247 248 249 250 251 252 253 Robert was born about 1358 in Emral, Flintshire, Wales and died after 1415.
Noted events in his life were:
• Witnessed a charter: in Scrope-Grosvenor trial, 1386.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 162 M i. Madog Puleston, of Bers was born about 1390 in Emral, Flintshire, Wales.
+ 163 F ii. Angharad Puleston 254 255 256 257 258 was born about 1384 and died in 1448 about age 64.
+ 164 M iii. John Puleston, Esq., of Emral was born about 1380 and died before 17 Apr 1444.
+ 165 M iv. Roger Puleston 259 died in 1469.
139. Owain Glyn Dwr ap Gruffudd, of Glyndyfrdwy and Sycharth (Elen verch Thomas ap Llewellyn Owen111, Eleanor ferch Philip ap Ifor87, Catherine verch Llewellyn Gryffyth56, Elinor de Montfort35, Eleanor24, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1354.
Research Notes: Wikipedia (Gruffydd Fychan II)
140. Isabel Fychan (Elen verch Thomas ap Llewellyn Owen111, Eleanor ferch Philip ap Ifor87, Catherine verch Llewellyn Gryffyth56, Elinor de Montfort35, Eleanor24, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1)
141. Tudor ap Gruffydd Fychan, Lord of Gwyddelwern 212 (Elen verch Thomas ap Llewellyn Owen111, Eleanor ferch Philip ap Ifor87, Catherine verch Llewellyn Gryffyth56, Elinor de Montfort35, Eleanor24, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1365 and died on 15 May 1405 in Pwll Melyn (Usk), (Monmouthshire), (Wales) about age 40.
Death Notes: Killed in battle at Pwll Melyn (Usk)
Research Notes: Source: Welsh Settlement of Pennsylvania by Charles H. Browning, Philadelphia, 1912, p. 290.
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, line 251-35. "He was ae. 24+ at Scrope-Grosvenor trial [1385-1390], see 1400, killed in battle, May 1405, at Pwll Melyn."
Tudor married Maud verch Ienaf ap Adda.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 166 F i. Lowri verch Twdr
142. Sir Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel 214 215 (Sir Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel113, Isabella de Mortimer88, Roger de Mortimer, of Wigmore, 1st Baron Mortimer58, Gwladys "Ddu" verch Llewellyn38, Joan , Princess of Gwynedd25, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 1 May 1285 and died on 17 Nov 1326 in Hereford, Herefordshire, England at age 41.
Death Notes: Beheaded
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel :
Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel (8th Earl of Arundel per Ancestral Roots) (1 May 1285 - 17 November 1326).
Lineage
Born in the Castle of Marlborough in Wiltshire . He was the son of Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel (7th Earl of Arundel per Ancestral Roots) and Alice of Saluzzo (also known as Alesia di Saluzzo), daughter of Thomas I of Saluzzo in Italy . He succeeded to his father's estates and titles on his death in 1302.
Prominent Nobleman
Edmund was an English nobleman prominent in the contention between Edward II and his Barons and second de facto Earl of Arundel of the FitzAlan line.
He was summoned to Parliament, 9 November 1306, as Earl of Arundel , and took part in the Scottish wars of that year.
Coronation duty
Arundel bore the Royal robes at Edward II's coronation, but he soon fell out with the King's favorite Piers Gaveston . In 1310 he was one of the Lords Ordainers , and he was one of the 5 Earls who allied in 1312 to oust Gaveston. Arundel resisted reconciling with the King after Gaveston's death, and in 1314 he along with some other Earls refused to help the King's Scottish campaign, which contributed in part to the English defeat at Bannockburn .
Allied to the Despensers
A few years later Arundel allied with King Edward's new favorites, Hugh le Despenser and his son of the same name, and had his son and heir, Richard, married to a daughter of the younger Hugh le Despenser. He reluctantly consented to the Despenser's banishment in 1321, and joined the King's efforts to restore them in 1321. Over the following years Arundel was one of the King's principal supporters, and after the capture of Roger Mortimer in 1322 he received a large part of the forfeited Mortimer estates. He also held the two great offices governing Wales, becoming Justice of Wales in 1322 and Warden of the Welsh Marches , responsible for the array in Wales, in 1325 and Constable of Montgomery Castle , his official base.
Loyalty
After Mortimer's escape from prison and invasion of England in 1326, amongst the Barons only Arundel and his brother-in-law John de Warenne remained loyal to the King.
Capture & execution
Their defensive efforts were ineffective, and Arundel was captured and executed at the behest of Queen Isabella .
Estates Forfeited
His estates and titles were forfeited when he was executed, but they were eventually restored to his eldest son Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel .
Marriage and issue
In 1305, Edmund married Alice de Warenne (June1287-23 May 1338) sister and eventual heiress of John de Warenne , 8th Earl of Surrey , daughter of William de Warenne and Joan de Vere . Their children included:
References
Noted events in his life were:
• Knighted: 22 May 1306.
• Member: of Parliament, 1306.
Edmund married Alice de Warenne 260 in 1305. Alice died before 23 May 1338.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 167 M i. Sir Richard "Copped Hat" FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel and Warenne 156 157 158 was born about 1313, died on 24 Jan 1376 in Arundel, West Sussex, England about age 63, and was buried in Lewes Priory, Lewes, Sussex, England.
143. William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick 189 191 (William de Beauchamp, 5th Baron Beauchamp114, Isabella de Mortimer88, Roger de Mortimer, of Wigmore, 1st Baron Mortimer58, Gwladys "Ddu" verch Llewellyn38, Joan , Princess of Gwynedd25, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1237 in Elmley Castle, Worcestershire, England, died on 9 Jun 1298 in Elmley Castle, Worcestershire, England about age 61, and was buried in Grey Friars, Worcestershire, England.
Birth Notes: FamilySearch has b. abt 1227.
Research Notes: Second husband of Maud FitzJohn (Maud FitzGeoffrey).
From Wikipedia - William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick :
William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick (1237 -1298 ) was an English nobleman and soldier, described as a "vigorous and innovative military commander"[1]. He was active in the field against the Welsh for many years, and at the end of his life campaigned against the Scots.
Soldier
He was a close friend of Edward I of England , and was an important leader in Edward's invasion of Wales in 1277.[2][3] In 1294 he raised the siege of Conwy Castle , where the King had been penned in[4], crossing the estuary[5]. He was victorious on March 5, 1295 at the battle of Maes Madog , against Madog ap Llywelyn [6]. In a night attack on the Welsh infantry, he used cavalry to drive them into compact formations, which were then shot up by his archers, and charged[7].
Family
His father was William de Beauchamp of Elmley, his mother Isabel Mauduit, sister and heiress of William Mauduit, 8th Earl of Warwick .
He married Maud FitzGeoffrey. His children included:
William married Maud FitzGeoffrey 261 262 263 before 1270 in Worcestershire, England. Maud was born about 1237 in Shere, Surrey, England, died on 16 Apr 1301 in <Grey Friars>, Worcestershire, England about age 64, and was buried on 7 May 1301 in Grey Friars, Worcestershire, England.
Burial Notes: House of the Friars Minor, Worcester, Worcestershire, England.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 168 F i. Isabella de Beauchamp 189 264 265 was born about 1252 in <Warwick>, Warwickshire, England and died before 30 May 1306 in Elmley Castle, Worchestershire, England.
+ 169 F ii. Sarah de Beauchamp
+ 170 M iii. Guy de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick 266 267 268 was born in 1272 in <Elmley Castle, Elmley>, Worcestershire, England, died on 12 Aug 1315 in Warwick, Warwickshire, England at age 43, and was buried in Bordesley Abbey, Worcestershire, England.
144. Ralph de Neville 194 (John Neville117, Alice Audley90, Hugh I de Audley59, Ela Longspee39, William II Longspée26, William Longspée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury16, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1364 in <Castle Raby>, Raby With Keverstone, Durham, England, died on 21 Oct 1426 in Castle Raby, Raby With Keverstone, Durham, England at age 62, and was buried in Oct 1426 in Collegiate Church, Staindrop, Durham, England.
Ralph married someone.
+ 171 M i. John de Neville 194 was born about 1387 in <Raby, Durham>, England and died before 20 Mar 1420.
Ralph next married someone.
+ 172 F i. Catherine Neville
145. Sir Thomas de Lathom, of Lathom, Lancashire 219 220 (Eleanor de Ferrers118, Sir John de Ferrers, of Southoe and Keyston92, Alianore de Bohun61, Humphrey VI de Bohun40, Humphrey V de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, 7th Earl of Essex27, Henry de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford17, Margaret , of Huntingdon12, Henry, of Huntingdon, Earl of Northumberland & Huntingdon9, David I "The Saint", King of Scots5, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) died before 20 Mar 1382.
Research Notes: Source: The Baronetage of England by E. Kimber and R. Johnson, London, 1771, vol. 2 (courtesy of books.google.com), p. 206 has "Thomas de Leatham, Knt. (lord of Leatham in Lancashire)"
Thomas married someone.
+ 173 F i. Isabel Lathom 269 270 was born about 1364 and died on 26 Oct 1414 about age 50.
13th Generation 146. Sir Edward Cherleton, K.G., Lord of Cherleton 222 (Alice FitzAlan119, Sir Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel & 10th Earl of Surrey97, Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1371 and died 14 Mar 1420 or 1421 about age 49.
147. Thomas de Mowbray, 4th Earl of Norfolk 227 (Elizabeth FitzAlan, d'Arundelle121, Sir Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel & 10th Earl of Surrey97, Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1385 and died on 8 Jun 1405 at age 20.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Thomas de Mowbray, 4th Earl of Norfolk :
Thomas de Mowbray, 4th Earl of Norfolk and 2nd Earl of Nottingham (1385 - June 8 , 1405 ), English nobleman and rebel, was the son of Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk and Lady Elizabeth FitzAlan .
Upon the death of his father in Venice , he was allowed to succeed him as Earl of Norfolk and Nottingham , but not as Duke of Norfolk . He also received his father's title of Earl Marshal , but on a strictly honorary basis, the military rank being held by Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland as the Marshal of England. He was betrothed to Constance Holland , daughter of John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter , then a child, but the marriage was never consummated.
A quarrel over precedence with Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick supposedly led to his estrangement from the court of Henry IV . Disaffected, he became involved with the latest rebellion of the Percies in the north, and raised an army with Richard le Scrope , Archbishop of York . Deserted by the Earl of Northumberland , Norfolk and Scrope were brought to book on Shipton Moor by a large royal army under John of Lancaster and the Earl of Westmorland. Seeking a parley, they were arrested as soon as they disbanded their followers. When Chief Justice Sir William Gascoigne refused to pass sentence upon them before they were tried by their peers, Henry had both summarily beheaded, without color of law, in York on June 8 , 1405 . This conspiracy is the main historical context for Shakespeare 's Henry IV, part 2 , and the execution is described with the words "so much for Lancaster".
148. John de Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk 228 (Elizabeth FitzAlan, d'Arundelle121, Sir Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel & 10th Earl of Surrey97, Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1392 and died on 19 Oct 1432 in Epworth at age 40.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk :
John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk (1392 - 19 October 1432 ) was an English nobleman .
He was the younger son of Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk , and succeeded his elder brother Thomas as 5th Earl of Norfolk and 3rd Earl of Nottingham in 1405 . He was appointed Earl Marshal of England in 1412 and in 1415 sat in judgment on Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge . In 1425 he was restored to his father's confiscated Dukedom of Norfolk .
He married Lady Katherine Neville , daughter of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland , and had only one son, John , later 3rd Duke of Norfolk.
He went to France with King Henry V and took part in the siege of Harfleur .
He was too ill to fight at Agincourt .
He died in 1432 at Epworth , where his father had founded a monastery.
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From Archæologia Cambrensis, Vol. VII, 6th Series, 1907, pp. 16-17:
"...As Thomas Earl of Arundel died without heirs male surviving, his estates were divided, subject to the aforesaid dower, among his three sisters, or among their children or grandchildren in right of them. These sisters were Elizabeth, wife of Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk; Joan, wife of William Beauchamp, Lord Abergavenny; and Margaret, wife of Sir Roland Lenthall, knight, all of whom were still living on the 20th July, 1416. The inheritors of the three portions after the death of the Countess Beatrix [25 October 1447] were (1) John Mowbray, son of Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk; (2) Elizabeth, wife of Sir Edward Neville, and daughter of Richard, Earl of Worcester, who was the son of Joan, Lady Abergavenny; and (3) Edmund, son of Sir Roland and Margaret Lenthall."
Noted events in his life were:
• Lord Mowbray and Segrave:
• 5th Earl of Norfolk: 1405.
• 3rd Earl of Nottingham: 1405.
• Earl Marshal of England: 1412.
John married Catherine Neville.271
The child from this marriage was:
+ 174 M i. John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk 272 was born on 12 Sep 1415 and died on 6 Nov 1461 at age 46.
149. Margaret de Mowbray (Elizabeth FitzAlan, d'Arundelle121, Sir Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel & 10th Earl of Surrey97, Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1)
150. Joan Goushill 233 234 235 236 (Elizabeth FitzAlan, d'Arundelle121, Sir Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel & 10th Earl of Surrey97, Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1402 in <Hoveringham, Nottinghamshire>, England and died after 1459.
Birth Notes: Glenda Turcks http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=DESC&db=nanatea&id=I33919 has b. abt 1402
Death Notes: Glenda Turcks http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=DESC&db=nanatea&id=I33919 has d. Feb 1457 or 1458.
Wikipedia has d. 1459.
Research Notes: Only daughter, and heiress, of Sir Robert Goushill.
Primary source: Wikipedia, ref. The Complete Peerage, Vol XII/1, pg 249-252; Rolls of Parliament, vol. v. pp 279, 312b, and 348; British Queens and Kings, Mike Ashley Name spelled Gousell or Goushill.
----
From Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry, , p. 52-53:
"V. LADY JOAN GOUSHILL, daughter and heiress of Sir Robert Goushill, by Elizabeth Fitz Alan, married Sir Thomas Stanley, 1st Lord Stanley, Knight of the Garter, who died 37 Henry VI. [Dugdale II. p. 248]. [E. Stemmate,--Ece. 37. H. 6]. 'Who being a Knight in 9 Henry 6 was constituted Lieutenant of Ireland, for the term of six years, and in 27 Henry 6 (with John Viscount Beaumont and others) was one of the Commissioners appointed to treat with the Scots for a truce between both Relms. In 28 Henry 6 (with James Earl of Wiltshire and others) he was put in commission for the defence of the Town and Castle of Calais; and also of the meedes adjacent, and Toure of Kirfbank, for the term of five years. He was likewise Chamberlain to the King; and in 30 Henry 6 was again constituted a Commissioner, to treat with James Earl of Douglass upon those articles which had been formerly signed by him.'
"He had issue by Joan Goushill, his wife:
1. Thomas Stanley, Earl of Derby.
2. Sir William Stanley, of Holt, who crowned Henry VII. on Boxworth field; Chamberlain to the King. Beheaded 1494.
3. John Stanley, of Weever, Cheshire.
4. James Stanley, Archdeacon of Chester.
5. Margaret, married Sir William Troutbeck, of whom presently.
6. Elizabeth, married Sir Richard Molineux, Knt.
7. Katherine, married Sir John Savage."
Noted events in her life were:
• Living: 1460.
Joan married Sir Thomas de Stanley, K.G., 1st Baron Stanley, Lord Lt. of Ireland 233 235 273 274 275 276 277 about 1427.278 Thomas was born in 1406 in Lathom, Ormskirk, Lancashire, England and died on 11 Feb 1459 in Knowsley, Lancashire, England at age 53.
Birth Notes: Glenda Turcks http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=DESC&db=nanatea&id=I33919 has b. abt 1388.
http://stanleyroots.co.uk/thenorthwest.htm has b. 1405
Death Notes: Glenda Turcks http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=DESC&db=nanatea&id=I33919 has d. 11 Feb 1458 or 1459
According to http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3143362&id=I653270085, he died on 11 Feb 1459 in Knowlesley, Lancashire, England.
Ancestral Roots (Line 57-36) has 20 Feb 1459 - Burial date?
Noted events in his life were:
• Created: Baron, 1456.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 175 F i. Elizabeth Stanley 279 280 was born about 1429 in Lathom (Latham), Ormskirk, Lancashire, England.281
+ 176 F ii. Margaret Stanley 282 283 284 was born about 1433 in Lathom, Ormskirk, Lancashire, England.278
+ 177 M iii. Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby 279 285 286 was born in 1435 and died on 29 Jul 1504 in Lathom (Latham), Ormskirk, Lancashire, England at age 69.
+ 178 M iv. Sir William Stanley, of Holt, K.G. 279 286 287 288 289 was born about 1435 in Lathom, Ormskirk, Lancashire, England and died on 16 Feb 1495 about age 60.
+ 179 M v. Sir John Stanley, of Weever, Cheshire
+ 180 M vi. James Stanley, Archdeacon of Chester
+ 181 F vii. Katherine Stanley
151. Elizabeth Goushill 232 (Elizabeth FitzAlan, d'Arundelle121, Sir Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel & 10th Earl of Surrey97, Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1403.
152. Joyce Goushill (Elizabeth FitzAlan, d'Arundelle121, Sir Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel & 10th Earl of Surrey97, Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1)
153. Robert Goushill 237 (Elizabeth FitzAlan, d'Arundelle121, Sir Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel & 10th Earl of Surrey97, Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1401 and died about 1415 about age 14.
Research Notes: Died in childhood.
154. Margaret de Ros (Margaret FitzAlan126, John FitzAlan, 1st Baron Arundel and Lord Maltravers98, Eleanor , of Lancaster63, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester46, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester30, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) died after 1423.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - James Touchet, 5th Baron Audley
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 176B-36 (James Tuchet)
Margaret married James Touchet, 5th Baron Audley 143 290 291 on 24 Feb 1415. James was born about 1398, died on 23 Sep 1459 in Battle of Blore Heath, Blore Heath, Staffordshire, England about age 61, and was buried in Darley Abbey, north of Derby, Derbyshire, East Midlands, England.
Noted events in his life were:
• Member: of Parliament, Betw 1421 and 1455.
155. James Botiller, 4th Earl of Ormond (James Botiller, 3rd Earl of Ormond130, James Botiller, 2nd Earl of Ormond104, Eleanor de Bohun71, Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England50, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1391 and died on 23 Aug 1452 at age 61.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 7-33
James married Joan de Beauchamp about 28 Aug 1413. Joan died in Aug 1430.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 182 F i. Elizabeth Botiller was born in 1420 and died on 8 Sep 1473 at age 53.
156. Joan de la Pole 208 (Joan de Cobham133, Margaret Courtenay106, Margaret de Bohun74, Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England50, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1372 in <Chrishall, Essex>, England, died on 13 Jan 1434 in Cobham, Kent, England about age 62, and was buried in Mary Magdalen, Cobham, Kent, England.
Joan married Reginald Braybrooke 292 about 1392 in Cobham, Kent, England. Reginald was born about 1344 in <Colmworth, Bedfordshire>, England, died on 20 Sep 1405 in <Spmsmiddlebury, On The Scheldt, Flanders> about age 61, and was buried in Cobham Church, Cobham, Kent, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 183 F i. Joan Braybrooke 292 was born about 1395 in <Cobham, Kent>, England and died on 25 Nov 1442 about age 47.
157. Ankaret le Strange, 7th Baroness Strange of Blackmere 243 244 (Isabel FitzAlan134, Isabel le Despenser107, Eleanor de Clare81, Joan , of Acre52, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1361 and died in 1413 at age 52.
Ankaret married Sir Richard Talbot, Lord Talbot 206 before 23 Aug 1383. Richard was born about 1361 and died about 7 Sep 1396 about age 35.
Noted events in his life were:
• Baron Talbot de Blackmere:
• Member of Parliament: 1384.
(Duplicate Line. See Person 131)
158. John le Strange, 5th Baron Strange of Blackmere 243 (Isabel FitzAlan134, Isabel le Despenser107, Eleanor de Clare81, Joan , of Acre52, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born in 1353 and died in 1375 at age 22.
159. Elizabeth le Strange, 6th Baroness Strange of Blackmere 243 (Isabel FitzAlan134, Isabel le Despenser107, Eleanor de Clare81, Joan , of Acre52, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) died in 1383.
160. Philip Le Despenser, of Gedney, Lincolnshire 178 (Philip Le Despenser, of Camoys Manor, Toppesfield, Essex135, Philip Le Despenser, of Stoke, Gloucestershire108, Eleanor de Clare81, Joan , of Acre52, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born on 18 Oct 1342 in <Gedney, Lincolnshire>, England, was christened on 18 Oct 1342 in Gedney, Lincolnshire, England, and died on 4 Aug 1401 in Goxhill, Lincolnshire, England at age 58.
Philip married Elizabeth.136 Elizabeth was born about 1350 in <Nettlestead, Suffolk>, England and was buried in Newhouse Abbey, Lincolnshire, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 184 M i. Philip Despenser, of Nettlestead, Suffolk 178 was born about 1366 and died on 20 Jun 1424 about age 58.
161. Eleanor de Holland 143 246 (Constance , of York136, Edmund , of Langley, 1st Duke of York109, Edward III , King of England82, King Edward II , of England54, King Edward I , of England31, King Henry III , of England20, King John "Lackland" , of England15, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou7, Matilda , of Scotland4, Malcolm III, King of Scots2, Duncan I, King of Scots1) was born about 1406.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Eleanor de Holland :
Eleanor de Holland (b. c. 1406 ) was the illegitimate daughter of Constance of York and Edmund Holland, 4th Earl of Kent (Rixford, 2002).
She married (unknown date) James Tuchet, 5th Baron Audley , son of John Tuchet, 4th Baron Audley and his wife Isabel.
Her children were as follows:
References
Eleanor married James Touchet, 5th Baron Audley.143 290 291 James was born about 1398, died on 23 Sep 1459 in Battle of Blore Heath, Blore Heath, Staffordshire, England about age 61, and was buried in Darley Abbey, north of Derby, Derbyshire, East Midlands, England.
Noted events in his life were:
• Member: of Parliament, Betw 1421 and 1455.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 185 F i. Constance Touchet 143 293 294 was born about 1443 in Heleigh, Staffordshire, England.
+ 186 M ii. Humphrey Audley, 5th Baron Audley was born after 1430 and died on 6 May 1471.
+ 187 M iii. Edmund Touchett, Bishop of Salis