1. Fornjotur King in Kvenland [Mythological] 1 was born about 160 in Kvenland, (Finland & Sweden).
Fornjotur married someone.
+ 2 M i. Kara Fornjotsson, King in Kvenland [Mythological] 1 was born about 185 in Kvenland, (Finland & Sweden).
Second Generation 2. Kara Fornjotsson, King in Kvenland [Mythological] 1 (Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 185 in Kvenland, (Finland & Sweden).
Kara married someone.
+ 3 M i. Frosti Karasson, King in Kvenland [Mythological] 1 was born about 210 in Kvenland, (Finland & Sweden).
Third Generation 3. Frosti Karasson, King in Kvenland [Mythological] 1 (Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 210 in Kvenland, (Finland & Sweden).
Frosti married someone.
+ 4 M i. Jokull Frostasson, [Mythological] 1 was born about 240 in Kvenland, (Finland & Sweden).
Fourth Generation 4. Jokull Frostasson, [Mythological] 1 (Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 240 in Kvenland, (Finland & Sweden).
Jokull married someone.
+ 5 M i. Snaer Jokulsson, King in Kvenland [Mythological] 1 was born about 275 in Kvenland, (Finland & Sweden).
Fifth Generation 5. Snaer Jokulsson, King in Kvenland [Mythological] 1 (Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 275 in Kvenland, (Finland & Sweden).
Snaer married someone.
+ 6 M i. Thorri Snaersson, King in Kvenland 2 was born about 320 in <Romsdal, (Norway)>.
+ 7 F ii. Driva Snaersdotter, [Mythological]
Sixth Generation 6. Thorri Snaersson, King in Kvenland 2 (Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 320 in <Romsdal, (Norway)>.
Thorri married someone.
+ 8 M i. Gorr Thorrasson 2 was born about 365 in <Romsdal, (Norway)>.
+ 9 M ii. Norr Thorasson 3 was born about 345 in <Raumsdal>, Norway.
7. Driva Snaersdotter, [Mythological] (Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1)
Driva married Vanlandi Svegdasson, King in Sweden [Mythological],1 4 son of Sveigðir Fjölnarsson, King in Sweden [Mythological] and Vana , of Vanaheim [Mythological].
The child from this marriage was:
+ 10 M i. Visbur Vanlandasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]
Seventh Generation 8. Gorr Thorrasson 2 (Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 365 in <Romsdal, (Norway)>.
Gorr married someone.
+ 11 M i. Heytir Gorrsson 2 was born about 425 in <Romsdal, (Norway)>.
9. Norr Thorasson 3 (Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 345 in <Raumsdal>, Norway.
Norr married someone.
+ 12 M i. Raum "the Old" Norrsson 3 was born about 370 in <Ogdum, Raumsdal, Norway>.
10. Visbur Vanlandasson, King in Sweden [Mythological] (Driva Snaersdotter, [Mythological]7, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1)
Visbur married someone.
+ 13 M i. Domalde Visbursson, King in Sweden [Mythological]
Eighth Generation 11. Heytir Gorrsson 2 (Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 425 in <Romsdal, (Norway)>.
Heytir married someone.
+ 14 M i. Svidri Heytsson 2 was born about 600 in (Norway).
12. Raum "the Old" Norrsson 3 (Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 370 in <Ogdum, Raumsdal, Norway>.
Raum married Hildur Gudraudsdatter 5 about 391 in Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway. Hildur was born about 371 in <Raumsdal>, Norway.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 15 M i. Hring Raumsson 3 was born about 406 in <Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway>.
13. Domalde Visbursson, King in Sweden [Mythological] (Visbur Vanlandasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]10, Driva Snaersdotter, [Mythological]7, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1)
Domalde married someone.
+ 16 M i. Domar Domaldasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]
Ninth Generation 14. Svidri Heytsson 2 (Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 600 in (Norway).
Svidri married someone.
+ 17 M i. Sveidi Svidrasson 2 was born about 650 in <Romsdal, (Norway)>.
15. Hring Raumsson 3 (Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 406 in <Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway>.
Hring married someone.
+ 18 M i. Halfdan "the Old" Hringsson 3 was born about 450 in <Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway>.
16. Domar Domaldasson, King in Sweden [Mythological] (Domalde Visbursson, King in Sweden [Mythological]13, Visbur Vanlandasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]10, Driva Snaersdotter, [Mythological]7, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1)
Domar married Drott Danpsdotter, [Mythological],1 6 daughter of Danp Rigsson, [Mythological] and Unknown.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 19 M i. Dyggvi Domarsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]
Tenth Generation 17. Sveidi Svidrasson 2 (Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 650 in <Romsdal, (Norway)>.
Sveidi married someone.
+ 20 M i. Halfdan "the Aged" Sveidasson, Jarl of Oppland 7 8 9 was born about 762 in Oppland, (Norway) and died about 800 about age 38.
18. Halfdan "the Old" Hringsson 3 (Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 450 in <Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway>.
Halfdan married Almveigu Eymundsdatter,5 daughter of Eymund , King in Holmgard and Unknown, about 479 in Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway. Almveigu was born about 455 in <Holmgarth, Novgorod, Russia>.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 21 M i. Lofdi Halfdansson 3 was born about 498 in <Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway>.
+ 22 M ii. Budli Halfdansson 5 was born about 502 in <Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway>.
+ 23 M iii. Hildi Halfdansson 5 was born about 500 in <Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway>.
19. Dyggvi Domarsson, King in Sweden [Mythological] (Domar Domaldasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]16, Domalde Visbursson, King in Sweden [Mythological]13, Visbur Vanlandasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]10, Driva Snaersdotter, [Mythological]7, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1)
Dyggvi married someone.
+ 24 M i. Dag "the Wise" Dyggvisson, King in Sweden [Mythological]
11th Generation 20. Halfdan "the Aged" Sveidasson, Jarl of Oppland 7 8 9 (Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 762 in Oppland, (Norway) and died about 800 about age 38.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 121E-14
Halfdan married someone.
+ 25 M i. Ivar Halfdansson, Jarl of Oppland 9 10 11 was born about 783 in Oppland, (Norway).
21. Lofdi Halfdansson 3 (Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 498 in <Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway>.
Lofdi married someone.
+ 26 M i. Skuli Lofdasson 3 was born about 548 in <Norway>.
22. Budli Halfdansson 5 (Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 502 in <Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway>.
Budli married someone.
+ 27 M i. Attip Budlasson 5 was born about 565 in <Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway>.
23. Hildi Halfdansson 5 (Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 500 in <Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway>.
Hildi married someone.
+ 28 M i. Hildibrand Hildasson 5 was born about 550 in <Norway>.
24. Dag "the Wise" Dyggvisson, King in Sweden [Mythological] (Dyggvi Domarsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]19, Domar Domaldasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]16, Domalde Visbursson, King in Sweden [Mythological]13, Visbur Vanlandasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]10, Driva Snaersdotter, [Mythological]7, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1)
Dag married someone.
+ 29 M i. Agne Dagsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]
12th Generation 25. Ivar Halfdansson, Jarl of Oppland 9 10 11 (Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 783 in Oppland, (Norway).
Birth Notes: Ancestral Roots has fl. 800; http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f002/f50/a0025008.htm has b. 783
Research Notes: Fl. abt. 800
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 121E-15
Ivar married < > Eysteinsdatter 2 about 824. < was born about 785 in Trondheim, Sør-Trøndelag, (Norway).
The child from this marriage was:
+ 30 M i. Eystein "Glumra" Ivarsson, Jarl of Oppland 2 12 13 14 was born about 800 in <Maer, (Nord-Trondelag), Norway>.
26. Skuli Lofdasson 3 (Lofdi21, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 548 in <Norway>.
Skuli married someone.
+ 31 M i. Egdir Skulasson 3 was born about 598 in <Norway>.
27. Attip Budlasson 5 (Budli22, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 565 in <Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway>.
Attip married someone.
+ 32 M i. Leinfni Attipsson 5 was born about 625 in <Norway>.
28. Hildibrand Hildasson 5 (Hildi23, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 550 in <Norway>.
Hildibrand married someone.
+ 33 M i. Herbrand Hildibrandsson 5 was born about 600 in <Norway>.
29. Agne Dagsson, King in Sweden [Mythological] (Dag "the Wise" Dyggvisson, King in Sweden [Mythological]24, Dyggvi Domarsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]19, Domar Domaldasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]16, Domalde Visbursson, King in Sweden [Mythological]13, Visbur Vanlandasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]10, Driva Snaersdotter, [Mythological]7, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1)
Agne married Skjálf Frostadotter,1 15 daughter of Frosti , King in Finland and Unknown.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 34 M i. Alrik Agnesson, King in Sweden [Legendary]
+ 35 M ii. Eirík King of Sweden [Legendary]
13th Generation 30. Eystein "Glumra" Ivarsson, Jarl of Oppland 2 12 13 14 (Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 800 in <Maer, (Nord-Trondelag), Norway>.
Birth Notes: http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f002/f50/a0025002.htm has b. 810.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 121E-16. "EYSTEIN GLUMRA, Jarl of the Uplands, abt. 830, sd. to have fathered two known children: Swanhild, who m. HARALD (243A-17) King of Norway, and RAGNVALD I"
Eystein married Aseda Rognvaldsdatter,14 16 daughter of Ragnvald "the Mountain-High" Olafsson, King of Vestfold and Unknown. Aseda was born about 804 in <Maer, (Nord-Trondelag), Norway>.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 36 M i. Ragnvald Eysteinsson, Earl of Møre 14 17 18 19 was born before 867 in Oppland, (Norway), died in 890 in Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland, and was buried in 893.
+ 37 F ii. Swanhild
+ 38 M iii. Sigurd Eysteinsson 20 was born about 832 in Maer, Nord-Trondelag, Norway.
+ 39 M iv. Malahule Eysteinsson 2 21 was born about 845 in Maer, Nord-Trondelag, Norway.
+ 40 F v. Svanhild Eysteinsdatter 5 was born about 850 in <Maer, Nord-Trondelag, (Norway)>.
31. Egdir Skulasson 3 (Skuli26, Lofdi21, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 598 in <Norway>.
Egdir married someone.
+ 41 M i. Hjalmther Egdirsson 3 was born about 638 in <Norway>.
32. Leinfni Attipsson 5 (Attip27, Budli22, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 625 in <Norway>.
Leinfni married someone.
+ 42 M i. Budi Leinfnisson 5 was born about 680 in <Norway>.
33. Herbrand Hildibrandsson 5 (Hildibrand28, Hildi23, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 600 in <Norway>.
Herbrand married someone.
+ 43 M i. Hildibrand Herbrandsson 5 was born about 650 in <Norway>.
34. Alrik Agnesson, King in Sweden [Legendary] (Agne Dagsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]29, Dag "the Wise" Dyggvisson, King in Sweden [Mythological]24, Dyggvi Domarsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]19, Domar Domaldasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]16, Domalde Visbursson, King in Sweden [Mythological]13, Visbur Vanlandasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]10, Driva Snaersdotter, [Mythological]7, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1)
Alrik married Dagreid Dagsdotter,1 daughter of Dag "the Powerful" and Unknown.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 44 M i. Yngvi Alreksson, King in Sweden [Legendary]
+ 45 M ii. Alf King of Sweden [Legendary]
35. Eirík King of Sweden [Legendary] (Agne Dagsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]29, Dag "the Wise" Dyggvisson, King in Sweden [Mythological]24, Dyggvi Domarsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]19, Domar Domaldasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]16, Domalde Visbursson, King in Sweden [Mythological]13, Visbur Vanlandasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]10, Driva Snaersdotter, [Mythological]7, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1)
14th Generation 36. Ragnvald Eysteinsson, Earl of Møre 14 17 18 19 (Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born before 867 in Oppland, (Norway), died in 890 in Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland, and was buried in 893.
Birth Notes: http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f002/f00/a0020082.htm has b. 857, of Upland, Denmark.
Research Notes: Jarl of North and South Møre, and of Ramsdal in Norway.
Parentage uncertain.
From Wikipedia - Rognvald Eysteinsson :
Rognvald "The Wise" Eysteinsson (son of Eystein Ivarsson ) is the founder of the Earldom of Orkney in the Norse Sagas . Three quite different accounts of the creation of the Norse earldom on Orkney and Shetland exist. The best known is that found in the Heimskringla , but other older traditions are found in the Historia Norvegiae and the Fragmentary Annals of Ireland .
Sagas
The saga accounts are the best known, and the latest, of the three surviving traditions concerning Rognvald and the foundation of the Earldom of Orkney. Recorded in the 13th century, their views are informed by Norwegian politics of the day. Once, historians could write that no-one denied the reality of Harald Fairhair 's expeditions to the west recounted in Heimskringla, but this is no longer the case. The Norwegian contest with the Kings of Scots over the Hebrides and the Isle of Man in the middle 13th century underlies the sagas.[1]
In the Heimskringla, Rognvald is Earl of Møre . He accompanies Harald Fairhair on his great expeditions to the west, to Ireland and to Scotland . Here, Rognvald's son Ivarr is killed. In compensation King Harald grants Rognvald Orkney and Shetland. Rognvald himself returns to Norway , giving the northern isles to his brother Sigurd Eysteinsson .[2]
The Heimskringla recounts other tales of Rognvald. It tells how he causes Harald Finehair to be given his byname Fairhair by cutting and dressing his hair, which had been uncut for ten years on account of Harald's vow never to cut it until he was ruler of all Norway,[3] and it makes him the father of Ganger-Hrólf, identified by saga writers with the Rollo (Hrólfr), ancestor of the Dukes of Normandy , who was said to have been established as Count of Rouen by King Charles the Simple in 931.[4]
Earl Rognvald is killed by Harald's son Halfdan Hålegg. Rognvald's death is avenged by his son, Earl Turf-Einar , from whom later Orkney earls claimed descent, who kills Halfdan on North Ronaldsay .[5]
Historia Norvegiae
The Historia Norvegiae's account of Rognvald and the foundation of the Orkney earldom is the next oldest, probably dating from the 12th century. This account contains much curious detail on Orkney, including the earliest account of the Picts as small people who hid in the daytime, but it has little to say about Rognvald.
In the days of Harald Fairhair, king of Norway, certain pirates, of the family of the most vigorous prince Ronald [Rognvald], set out with a great fleet, and crossed the Solundic sea..., and subdued the islands to themselves. And being there provided with safe winter seats, they went in summer-time working tyranny upon the English, and the Scots, and sometimes also upon the Irish, so that they took under their rule, from England, Northumbria ; from Scotland, Caithness ; from Ireland, Dublin , and the other sea-side towns.[6]
This account does not associate Rognvald with the earldom, but instead attributes it to his anonymous kinfolk.
Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
The oldest account of the Rognvald and the earldom of Orkney is that found in the Fragmentary Annals of Ireland. The annals survive only in incomplete copies made by Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh in the 17th century, but the original annals are believed to date from the lifetime of Donnchad mac Gilla Pátraic (died 1039). The annals are known to have had an influence on later writings in Iceland .
The annals make Rognvald the son of "Halfdan, King of Lochlann ". This is generally understood to mean Halfdan the Black , which would make the Rognvald of the annals the brother of Harald Finehair. However, the sagas claim that Rognvald's grandfather was named Halfdan.[7]
These events are placed after an account of the devastation of Fortriu , dated to around 866,[8] and the fall of York, reliably dated to late 867. However, such an early date makes it difficult to reconcile the saga claims that Harald Fairhair was involved in Rognvald's conquest of the northern isles.
Harald Finehair's victory in the Battle of Hafrsfjord , which gave him dominion over parts of Norway, is traditionally dated to 872, but was probably later, perhaps as late as 900.[9] What little is known of Scottish events in the period from the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba would correspond equally well with Harald's attacks on Scotland in the reign of Domnall mac Causantín (ruled 889-900).[10] However, this would not correspond with the sequence in the earliest account of the origins of the Orkney earldom, which places this a generation earlier.
Ragnvald married Ragnhild Hrolfsdatter,3 22 23 daughter of Hrolf Nefja and Unknown, about 867 in Maer, Nord-Trondelag, Norway. Ragnhild was born about 857 in <(Norway)>.
Birth Notes: FamilySearch has b. abt 848, Orkney Islands, Scotland.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 46 M i. Rollo Duke of Normandy 24 25 26 27 was born between 860 and 870 in <Maer, Nord-Trondelag, (Norway)>, died about 929 in <Rouen>, Normandy, Neustria (France), and was buried in Notre Dame, Rouen, Normandy, (France).
+ 47 M ii. Einar "Torf" Rögnvaldsson, Earl of Orkney 3 28 was born about 852 in <Sunnmøre, (Møre og Romsdal, Norway)> and died after 920 in Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland.
37. Swanhild (Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1)
38. Sigurd Eysteinsson 20 (Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 832 in Maer, Nord-Trondelag, Norway.
39. Malahule Eysteinsson 2 21 (Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 845 in Maer, Nord-Trondelag, Norway.
Malahule married someone.
+ 48 M i. Hugh de Cavalcamp 2 was born about 890 in <Near Dieppe>.
40. Svanhild Eysteinsdatter 5 (Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 850 in <Maer, Nord-Trondelag, (Norway)>.
Svanhild married Harald I "Fairhair" Halfdansson, King of Norway,5 son of Halfdan "the Black" Gudrodsson and Ragnhild Sigurdsdatter. Harald was born about 850 in <Hedemark, Norway>, died in 933 about age 83, and was buried in Hauko, Rogaland, Norway.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 49 M i. Bjorn "the Merchant" Haraldsson, Prince of Norway 5 was born about 900 in <Vestfold, Norway> and died in 927 about age 27.
41. Hjalmther Egdirsson 3 (Egdir31, Skuli26, Lofdi21, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 638 in <Norway>.
Hjalmther married someone.
+ 50 M i. Eylimi Hjalmthersson 3 was born about 688 in <Norway>.
42. Budi Leinfnisson 5 (Leinfni32, Attip27, Budli22, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 680 in <Norway>.
Budi married someone.
+ 51 F i. Brynhild Budlasdatter 5 was born about 736 in <Norway>.
43. Hildibrand Herbrandsson 5 (Herbrand33, Hildibrand28, Hildi23, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 650 in <Norway>.
Hildibrand married someone.
+ 52 M i. Herbrand Hildibrandsson 5 was born about 700 in <Norway>.
44. Yngvi Alreksson, King in Sweden [Legendary] (Alrik Agnesson, King in Sweden [Legendary]34, Agne Dagsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]29, Dag "the Wise" Dyggvisson, King in Sweden [Mythological]24, Dyggvi Domarsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]19, Domar Domaldasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]16, Domalde Visbursson, King in Sweden [Mythological]13, Visbur Vanlandasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]10, Driva Snaersdotter, [Mythological]7, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1)
Yngvi married someone.
+ 53 M i. Jorund Yngvasson, King in Uppsala [Legendary]
+ 54 M ii. Erik
45. Alf King of Sweden [Legendary] (Alrik Agnesson, King in Sweden [Legendary]34, Agne Dagsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]29, Dag "the Wise" Dyggvisson, King in Sweden [Mythological]24, Dyggvi Domarsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]19, Domar Domaldasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]16, Domalde Visbursson, King in Sweden [Mythological]13, Visbur Vanlandasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]10, Driva Snaersdotter, [Mythological]7, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1)
15th Generation 46. Rollo Duke of Normandy 24 25 26 27 (Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born between 860 and 870 in <Maer, Nord-Trondelag, (Norway)>, died about 929 in <Rouen>, Normandy, Neustria (France), and was buried in Notre Dame, Rouen, Normandy, (France).
Birth Notes: FamilySearch has b. abt 846, Maer, Nord-Trondelag, Norway
Death Notes: http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f002/f00/a0020075.htm has d. 927 in Rouen, France. Ancestral Roots has d. 929.
FamilySearch has d. abt 931, Rouen, Normandie, Neustria.
Research Notes: Father may have been Ragnvald Eysteinsson.
Source: familysearch.org (Kevin Bradford) has d. 927-932.
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 121E-18. "GANGER ROLF, "the Viking" (or ROLLO), 1st Count of Normandy, banished from Norway to the Hebrides abt 876, 890 participated in Viking attack on Bayeux, where Count Berenger of Bayeux was killed, and his dau. Poppa captured and taken 886, by Rollo (now called Count of Rouen) as his 'Danish' wife. Under Treaty of St. Claire, 911, rec'd the County of Normandy from CHARLES III, (148017) 'the Simple'; d. 929, bur. Notre Dame, Rouen."
-------------
From Wikipedia - Rollo :
Rollo (c. 860 - c. 932), baptised Robert, was the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy .
The name Rollo is a Frankish -Latin name probably taken from the Old Norse name Hrólfr (cf. the latinization of Hrólfr into the similar Roluo in the Gesta Danorum , modern Scandinavian name Rolf ).
Historical evidence
Rollo was a Viking leader of contested origin. Dudo of St. Quentin , in his De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum (Latin), tells of a powerful Danish nobleman at loggerheads with the king of Denmark , who had two sons, Gurim and Rollo; upon his death, Rollo was expelled and Gurim killed. William of Jumièges also mentions Rollo's prehistory in his Gesta Normannorum Ducum , but states that he was from the Danish town of Fakse . Wace , writing some 300 years after the event in his Roman de Rou , also mentions the two brothers (as Rou and Garin), as does the Orkneyinga Saga .
Norwegian and Icelandic historians identified this Rollo with a son of Rognvald Eysteinsson , Earl of Møre , in Western Norway , based on medieval Norwegian and Icelandic sagas that mention a Ganger Hrolf (Hrolf, the Walker). The oldest source of this version is the Latin Historia Norvegiae , written in Norway at the end of the 12th century. This Hrolf fell foul of the Norwegian king Harald Fairhair , and became a Jarl in Normandy. The nickname of that character came from being so big that no horse could carry him.
The question of Rollo's Danish or Norwegian origins was a matter of heated dispute between Norwegian and Danish historians of the 19th and early 20th century, particularly in the run-up to Normandy's 1000-year-anniversary in 1911. Today, historians still disagree on this question, but most would now agree that a certain conclusion can never be reached.
Invasion of France
In 885, Rollo was one of the lesser leaders of the Viking fleet which besieged Paris under Sigfred second official king of the Danes. Legend has it that an emissary was sent by the king to find the chieftain and negotiate terms. When he asked for this information, the Vikings replied that they were all chieftains in their own right. In 886, when Sigfred retreated in return for tribute, Rollo stayed behind and was eventually bought off and sent to harry Burgundy .
Later, he returned to the Seine with his followers (known as Danes, or Norsemen). He invaded the area of northern France now known as Normandy .
In 911 Rollo's forces were defeated at the Battle of Chartres by the troops of King Charles the Simple .[1] In the aftermath of the battle, rather than pay Rollo to leave, as was customary, Charles the Simple understood that he could no longer hold back their onslaught, and decided to give Rollo the coastal lands they occupied under the condition that he defend against other raiding Vikings. In the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911) with King Charles, Rollo pledged feudal allegiance to the king, changed his name to the Frankish version, and converted to Christianity , probably with the baptismal name Robert.[2] In return, King Charles granted Rollo the lower Seine area (today's upper Normandy) and the titular rulership of Normandy, centred around the city of Rouen . There exists some argument among historians as to whether Rollo was a "duke " (dux) or whether his position was equivalent to that of a "count " under Charlemagne . According to legend, when required to kiss the foot of King Charles, as a condition of the treaty, he refused to perform so great a humiliation, and when Charles extended his foot to Rollo, Rollo ordered one of his warriors to do so in his place. His warrior then lifted Charles' foot up to his mouth causing him to fall to the ground.[3]
Settlement
Initially, Rollo stayed true to his word of defending the shores of the Seine river in accordance to the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte , but in time he and his followers had very different ideas. Rollo began to divide the land between the Epte and Risle rivers among his chieftains and settled there with a de facto capital in Rouen. With these settlements, Rollo began to further raid other Frankish lands, now from the security of a settled homeland, rather than a mobile fleet. Eventually, however, Rollo's men intermarried with the local women, and became more settled as Frenchmen. At the time of his death, Rollo's expansion of his territory had extended as far west as the Vire River .
Death
Sometime around 927, Rollo passed the fief in Normandy to his son, William Longsword . Rollo may have lived for a few years after that, but certainly died before 933. According to the historian Adhemar , 'As Rollo's death drew near, he went mad and had a hundred Christian prisoners beheaded in front of him in honour of the gods whom he had worshipped , and in the end distributed a hundred pounds of gold around the churches in honour of the true God in whose name he had accepted baptism.' Even though Rollo had converted to Christianity , some of his pagan roots surfaced at the end.
Legacy
Rollo is a direct ancestor of William the Conqueror . Through William, he is an ancestor of the present-day British royal family .
The "Clameur de Haro " in the Channel Islands is, supposedly, an appeal to Rollo.
Rollo married Poppa , de Bayeux,26 29 daughter of Bérenger , of Bayeux and Unknown, in 886. Poppa was born about 872 in <Bayeux>, Neustria (France).
Marriage Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 121E-18 (Ganger Rolf).
http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f002/f00/a0020076.htm has m. 891.
Birth Notes: FamilySearch has b. abt 872, Evreux, Neustria
Children from this marriage were:
+ 55 F i. Adele de Normandie 30 died after 969.
+ 56 M ii. William I "Longsword" Duke of Normandy 26 31 32 was born about 892 in <Rouen, (France)> and died on 17 Dec 942 in France about age 50.
47. Einar "Torf" Rögnvaldsson, Earl of Orkney 3 28 (Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 852 in <Sunnmøre, (Møre og Romsdal, Norway)> and died after 920 in Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Torf-Einarr :
Einarr Rögnvaldarson, Torf-Einarr or Turf-Einar (fl. early 890s-920s) was one of the Norse Earls of Orkney . His rise to power is related in sagas which apparently draw on verses of Einarr's own composition for inspiration. After battling for control of the Northern Isles of Scotland , Einarr founded a dynasty which retained control of the islands for centuries after his death.
Rise to power
Einarr was the youngest son of Rögnvald Eysteinsson of Møre , Norway , by a concubine. Rögnvald's family conquered the Orkney and Shetland islands in the late ninth century, and Rögnvald's brother, Sigurd Eysteinsson , was made Earl of Orkney. After his death on campaign, Sigurd was succeeded by his son, Guthorm, who died shortly afterward. Rögnvald sent one of his sons, Hallad, to govern the islands but Hallad was unable to maintain control, resigned his earldom and returned to Norway as a common landholder.[1]
According to the Norse Heimskringla and Orkneyinga sagas , Rögnvald had little regard for his youngest son Einarr because Einarr's mother was a slave. The sagas record that Rögnvald agreed to provide Einarr with a ship and crew in the hope that he would sail away and never return. Einarr sailed to the Scottish islands, where he defeated two Danish warlords, Þórir Tréskegg (Thorir Treebeard) and Kálf Skurfa (Kalf the Scurvy), who had taken residence there, and established himself as earl.[2] It is unclear whether the account in the sagas of Einarr's conquest is accurate. Though the Historia Norvegiæ , written at the same time as the sagas but from a different source, confirms that Rögnvald's family conquered the islands, it gives few details. The scene in the sagas where Einarr's father scorns him is a literary device which often figures in Old Norse literature . Much of Einarr's story in the sagas appears to be derived from five skaldic verses attributed to Einarr himself.[1]
Relations with Norway
The five verses attributed to Einarr describe a feud between the families of Rögnvald and the King of Norway, Harald Finehair . The poems are elaborated in the sagas, which say that two of Harald Finehair's unruly sons, Halvdan Hålegg (Hálfdan Longlegs) and Gudrød Ljome (Gudrod the Gleaming), killed Einarr's father Rögnvald by trapping him in his house and setting it alight. Gudrød took possession of Rögnvald's lands while Hálfdan sailed westwards to Orkney and displaced Einarr. The sagas say that King Harald, apparently appalled by his sons' actions, overthrew Gudrød and restored Rögnvald's lands to his son, Thorir Rögnvaldarson. From a base in Caithness , Einarr resisted Hálfdan's occupation of the islands. After a battle at sea, and a ruthless campaign on land, Einarr spied Hálfdan hiding on North Ronaldsay . The sagas claim that Hálfdan was captured, and sacrificed to Odin as a blood-eagle .[3] While the killing of Hálfdan by the Orkney islanders is recorded independently in the Historia Norvegiæ, the manner of his death is unspecified. The blood-eagle sacrifice may be a misunderstanding or an invention of the sagawriters as it does not feature directly in the earlier skaldic verses, which instead indicate that Hálfdan was killed by a volley of spears.[4] The verses do mention the eagle as a carrion bird, and this may have influenced the sagawriters to introduce the blood-eagle element.[5] The sagas relate that Harald sought vengeance for his son's ignoble death, and set out on campaign against Einarr, but was unable to dislodge him. Eventually, Harald agreed to end the fight in exchange for a fine of 60 gold marks levied on Einarr and the allodial owners of the islands. Einarr offered to pay the whole fine if the allodial landowners passed their lands to him, to which they agreed.[6] Einarr's assumption of control over the islands appears well-attested and was considered by later commentators to be the moment at which the Earls of Orkney came to own the entire island group in fee to the King of Norway.[1] Others have interpreted the payment of 60 gold marks as wergild or blood money .[7]
Legacy
Apart from the five verses recorded in the sagas, no other examples of Torf-Einarr's poetry are known to survive, though they appear to be part of a larger body of work.[8] A couplet that commemorates Einarr's defeat of the two pirate Vikings , Þórir Tréskegg (Thorir Treebeard) and Kálf Skurfa (Kalf the Scurvy),
Hann gaf Tréskegg trollum,
Torf-Einarr drap Skurfu.
He gave Treebeard to the trolls,
Torf-Einarr slew Scurvy.
has a matching metre and alliterative similarites to the attributed verses.[8] Einarr must have had some fame as a poet, as his name is used in the Háttatal , an examination of Old Norse poetry written in the thirteenth-century, to refer to a specific type of metre, Torf-Einarsháttr.[8]
The remainder of Einarr's long reign was apparently unchallenged, and he died in his bed of a sickness, leaving three sons, Arnkel, Erlend and Thorfinn . The sagas describe Einarr as tall, ugly and blind in one eye, but sharp-sighted nonetheless.[9] Despite these apparent disabilities, as well as his low-born mother, Einarr established a dynasty which ruled the Orkneys until 1470.[1]
The sagas incorrectly claim that he was called "Turf-Einar" because he introduced the practice of burning turf or peat to the islands since wood was so scarce. The real reason for the nick-name is unknown.[1] While depletion of woodland could have caused a cultural shift from burning timber to peat, potentially the name arose because the sequestration of the common or allodial rights of the islanders by Einarr forced them away from coppicing towards cutting turves.[10]
Einar married someone.
+ 57 M i. Thorfinn I Rollo "Hausakliffer" Einarsson 3 was born about 890 in <Orkney Islands, Scotland>, died after 977, and was buried in Burial Mound, Hoxa, Ronaldsay, Scotland.
48. Hugh de Cavalcamp 2 (Malahule39, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 890 in <Near Dieppe>.
Hugh married someone.
+ 58 M i. Ralph I de Toeni 2 was born about 955 in <Tosni>, (Eure, ) France.
49. Bjorn "the Merchant" Haraldsson, Prince of Norway 5 (Svanhild Eysteinsdatter40, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 900 in <Vestfold, Norway> and died in 927 about age 27.
Bjorn married someone.
+ 59 M i. Gudrod Bjornsson 5 was born about 932 in <Norway> and died in 963 about age 31.
50. Eylimi Hjalmthersson 3 (Hjalmther41, Egdir31, Skuli26, Lofdi21, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 688 in <Norway>.
Eylimi married someone.
+ 60 F i. Hjordis Eylimadatter 3 was born about 710 in <Norway>.
51. Brynhild Budlasdatter 5 (Budi42, Leinfni32, Attip27, Budli22, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 736 in <Norway>.
Brynhild married Sigurd "Fafnisbana" Sigmundsson,3 son of Sigmund Volsungsson and Hjordis Eylimadatter. Sigurd was born about 735 in <Norway>.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 61 F i. Aslaug Sigurdsdatter 3 was born about 765 in <Denmark>.
52. Herbrand Hildibrandsson 5 (Hildibrand43, Herbrand33, Hildibrand28, Hildi23, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 700 in <Norway>.
Herbrand married someone.
+ 62 M i. Harald "Red Beard" Herbrandsson 5 was born about 750 in <Vestagder, (Norway)>.
53. Jorund Yngvasson, King in Uppsala [Legendary] (Yngvi Alreksson, King in Sweden [Legendary]44, Alrik Agnesson, King in Sweden [Legendary]34, Agne Dagsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]29, Dag "the Wise" Dyggvisson, King in Sweden [Mythological]24, Dyggvi Domarsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]19, Domar Domaldasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]16, Domalde Visbursson, King in Sweden [Mythological]13, Visbur Vanlandasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]10, Driva Snaersdotter, [Mythological]7, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1)
Jorund married someone.
+ 63 M i. Aun "the Old" Jorundsson, King in Uppsala [Legendary]
54. Erik (Yngvi Alreksson, King in Sweden [Legendary]44, Alrik Agnesson, King in Sweden [Legendary]34, Agne Dagsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]29, Dag "the Wise" Dyggvisson, King in Sweden [Mythological]24, Dyggvi Domarsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]19, Domar Domaldasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]16, Domalde Visbursson, King in Sweden [Mythological]13, Visbur Vanlandasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]10, Driva Snaersdotter, [Mythological]7, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1)
16th Generation 55. Adele de Normandie 30 (Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) died after 969.
Adele married William I , Count of Poitou,33 son of Ebles Mancer , Count of Poitou and Aremburge, in 935. William was born in 900 in <Poitiers, France> and died on 3 Apr 963 in <Saint-Cyrien de Poitiers, France> at age 63.
Marriage Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 144A-19
The child from this marriage was:
+ 64 F i. Adelaide de Poitou 34 35 was born about 945 and died on 15 Jun 1006 about age 61.
56. William I "Longsword" Duke of Normandy 26 31 32 (Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 892 in <Rouen, (France)> and died on 17 Dec 942 in France about age 50.
Birth Notes: May have been born in Bayeux.
Death Notes: Killed in treacherous ambush by servants of Theobald of Blois and Arnulf of Flanders
Research Notes: When the Bretons rebelled about 930, he subdued them, taking Brittany, the Channel Islands, the Contentin, and the Averanchin.
From Wikipedia - William I, Duke of Normandy :
William I Longsword (French : Guillaume Longue-Épée, Latin : Willermus Longa Spata, Scandinavian : Vilhjálmr Langaspjót; 893 - 17 December 942) was the second Duke of Normandy from his father's death until his own assassination. The title dux (duke) was not in use at the time and has been applied to early Norman rulers retroactively; William actually used the title comes (count).
Little is known about his early years. He was born in Bayeux or Rouen to Rollo and his wife Poppa. All that is known of Poppa is that she was a Christian, and the daughter to Berengar of Rennes , the previous lord of Brittania Nova , which eventually became western Normandy. According to the William's planctus , he was baptised a Christian.
William succeeded Rollo sometime around 927. It appears that he faced a rebellion early in his reign, from Normans who felt he had become too Gallicised . Subsequent years are obscure. In 939 William became involved in a war with Arnulf I of Flanders , which soon became intertwined with the other conflicts troubling the reign of Louis IV . He was killed by followers of Arnulf while at a meeting to settle their conflict. His son Richard the Fearless , child of his first wife, Sprota, succeeded him. William also left a widow, Liègard (Liutgard), who died in 985.
Noted events in his life were:
• Succeeded: to County of Normandy, Abt 927.
• Bretons rebelled: Abt 930.
William married Sprote , de Bretagne,26 36 daughter of Hubert , Count of Senlis and Unknown. Sprote was born about 911 in Bretagne, (France).
The child from this marriage was:
+ 65 M i. Richard I Duke of Normandy 26 37 38 39 was born on 28 Aug 933 in <Fécamp>, Normandy, (France), died on 20 Nov 996 in Fécamp, Seine-Inferieure, France at age 63, and was buried in Fécamp, Seine-Inferieure, France.
William next married Luitgarde , of Vermandois, daughter of Herbert II , Count of Vermandois, Soissons and Troyes and Liegarde , of France. Luitgarde was born about 920 and died after 978.
57. Thorfinn I Rollo "Hausakliffer" Einarsson 3 (Einar "Torf", Earl of Orkney47, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 890 in <Orkney Islands, Scotland>, died after 977, and was buried in Burial Mound, Hoxa, Ronaldsay, Scotland.
Thorfinn married Grelod Duncansdatter,3 daughter of Duncan , Earl of Caithness and Groa Thorsteinsdatter, in 914 in Orkney Islands, Scotland. Grelod was born about 898 in <Caithness, Scotland>.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 66 M i. Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney 3 was born about 924 in <Orkney Islands, Scotland> and died between 980 and 988 in Hofn, Caithness, Scotland.
58. Ralph I de Toeni 2 (Hugh de48, Malahule39, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 955 in <Tosni>, (Eure, ) France.
Ralph married someone.
+ 67 M i. Ralph II de Toeni, Seigneur de Tosni 2 was born before 970 in <Tosni>, France and died after 1015.
59. Gudrod Bjornsson 5 (Bjorn "the Merchant" Haraldsson, Prince of Norway49, Svanhild Eysteinsdatter40, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 932 in <Norway> and died in 963 about age 31.
Gudrod married Cecilie.5 Cecilie was born about 936 in <Norway>.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 68 M i. Harald "Graenske" Gudrodsson 5 was born about 960 in <Vestfold, Norway> and died about 995 about age 35.
60. Hjordis Eylimadatter 3 (Eylimi50, Hjalmther41, Egdir31, Skuli26, Lofdi21, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 710 in <Norway>.
Hjordis married Sigmund Volsungsson,3 son of Volsung Rersson and Ljod Hrimnirsdatter, about 734 in Norway. Sigmund was born about 705 in <Norway>.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 69 M i. Sigurd "Fafnisbana" Sigmundsson 3 was born about 735 in <Norway>.
61. Aslaug Sigurdsdatter 3 (Brynhild Budlasdatter51, Budi42, Leinfni32, Attip27, Budli22, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 765 in <Denmark>.
Aslaug married Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson,3 son of Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden and Alfhild Gandolfsdatter, about 783 in Denmark. Ragnar was born about 765 in <Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden> and died about 845 in <England> about age 80.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 70 M i. Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson 3 was born about 786 in <Denmark>.
+ 71 M ii. Bjorn "Ironside" Ragnarsson 40 was born about 777 in <Denmark>.
Aslaug next married Helgi "the Bold" Fridleifsson,5 son of Fridleif Frodasson and Unknown, about 815 in Norway. Helgi was born about 796 in <Ringerike, Akershus, (Norway)>.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 72 M i. Sigurd "Hjort" Helgasson 5 was born about 816 in <Ringerike, Akershus, (Norway)>.
62. Harald "Red Beard" Herbrandsson 5 (Herbrand52, Hildibrand43, Herbrand33, Hildibrand28, Hildi23, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 750 in <Vestagder, (Norway)>.
Harald married someone.
+ 73 F i. Asa Haraldsdatter 5 was born about 794 in <Holtum, Vestfold, (Norway)>.
63. Aun "the Old" Jorundsson, King in Uppsala [Legendary] (Jorund Yngvasson, King in Uppsala [Legendary]53, Yngvi Alreksson, King in Sweden [Legendary]44, Alrik Agnesson, King in Sweden [Legendary]34, Agne Dagsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]29, Dag "the Wise" Dyggvisson, King in Sweden [Mythological]24, Dyggvi Domarsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]19, Domar Domaldasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]16, Domalde Visbursson, King in Sweden [Mythological]13, Visbur Vanlandasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]10, Driva Snaersdotter, [Mythological]7, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1)
Aun married someone.
+ 74 M i. Ongentheow King in Sweden [Semi-legendary] 1 41 died about 515.
17th Generation 64. Adelaide de Poitou 34 35 (Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 945 and died on 15 Jun 1006 about age 61.
Adelaide married Hugh Capet, King of France,42 43 son of Hugh Magnus , Count of Paris and Hedwig , of Saxony, Summer 968. Hugh was born Winter 941 in France, died on 24 Oct 996 in Les Juifs, Chartres, France at age 55, and was buried in St. Denis Basilica, Paris, (Île-de-France), France.
Marriage Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 144A-20
Birth Notes: Birth date variously given as Aft. 939, winter 941
Death Notes: Another source says d. in Paris.
Noted events in his life were:
• Count of Paris: 956-996.
• King of France: 987-996.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 75 M i. Robert II "the Pious" King of France 44 45 was born on 27 Mar 972 in Orléans, Orléanais, (Loiret), France and died on 20 Jul 1031 in Meulan, Normandy, France at age 59.
+ 76 F ii. Hedwig of France 46 was born about 969 and died after 1013.
65. Richard I Duke of Normandy 26 37 38 39 (William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born on 28 Aug 933 in <Fécamp>, Normandy, (France), died on 20 Nov 996 in Fécamp, Seine-Inferieure, France at age 63, and was buried in Fécamp, Seine-Inferieure, France.
Birth Notes: Ancestral Roots has b. abt 933 in Fecamp, France.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Richard I, Duke of Normandy :
Richard I of Normandy (born 28 August 933 , in Fécamp Normandy , France died November 20 , 996 , in Fécamp) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title. He was called Richard the Fearless (French, Sans Peur).
Birth
He was born to William I of Normandy , ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota . He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller; Rodulf of Ivry was their son and Richard's half-brother.
Life
Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmond de Centville , Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy ), Ivo de Bellèsme , and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont ). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.
Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.
Marriages
He married 1st (960) Emma (not to be confused with Emma of France ), daughter of Hugh "The Great" of France , and Hedwiga de Sachsen . They were betrothed when both were very young. She died 19 Mar 968, with no issue.
According to Robert of Torigni , not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor , instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon , may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimize their children:
Mistresses
Richard was known to have had several other mistresses and produced children with many of them. Known children are:
Death
He died in Fecamp , France on November 20 , 996 of natural causes.
Noted events in his life were:
• Named: his father's heir, 29 May 942.
Richard married Gunnora , de Crepon.26 47 48 Gunnora was born about 936 in <Normandy, (France)> and died about 1031 in France about age 95.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 77 F i. Emma Princess of Normandy 49 50 died in 1052.
+ 78 M ii. Richard II Duke of Normandy 51 52 53 was born about 0985 in Normandy, (France), died on 28 Aug 1027 in Fécamp, Normandy, France about age 42, and was buried in Fécamp, Normandy, France.
+ 79 M iii. Geoffrey Count of Eu & Count of Brionne 26 54 was born about 953 in <Brionne>, Normandy, (France) and died about 1015 about age 62.
+ 80 M iv. Robert II d'Évreux, Count of Évreux 55 was born about 965 in Normandy, France and died in 1037 about age 72.
Richard next married someone.
+ 81 F i. <Papia>
Richard had a relationship with < > , [Concubine of Richard I].38
Richard next married Emma , of Paris, daughter of Hugh Capet, King of France and Unknown, in 960. Emma died about 968.
66. Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney 3 (Thorfinn I Rollo "Hausakliffer"57, Einar "Torf", Earl of Orkney47, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 924 in <Orkney Islands, Scotland> and died between 980 and 988 in Hofn, Caithness, Scotland.
Hlodver married Audna Kjarvalsdatter 5 about 959 in Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland. Audna was born about 928 in <Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland>.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 82 F i. Hvarflad Hlodversdatter 3 was born about 962 in <Orkney Islands, Scotland>.
+ 83 M ii. Sigurd II "Digri" Hlodversson 5 was born about 960 in <Orkney Islands, Scotland>, died on 23 Apr 1014 in Battle of Clontarf, Dublin, Ireland about age 54, and was buried in Burial Mound, Hofry, Caithness, Scotland.
67. Ralph II de Toeni, Seigneur de Tosni 2 (Ralph I de58, Hugh de48, Malahule39, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born before 970 in <Tosni>, France and died after 1015.
Ralph married someone.
+ 84 M i. Roger "the Spaniard" de Toeni 2 was born about 990 in <Tosni>, France, died about 1039 about age 49, and was buried in Conches, Seine-et-Marne, France.
68. Harald "Graenske" Gudrodsson 5 (Gudrod Bjornsson59, Bjorn "the Merchant" Haraldsson, Prince of Norway49, Svanhild Eysteinsdatter40, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 960 in <Vestfold, Norway> and died about 995 about age 35.
Harald married Asta Gudbrandsdatter,5 daughter of Gudbrand "Kula" Olafsson and Ulfhild. Asta was born about 970 in <Vestfold, Norway>.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 85 M i. Olaf II "the Saint" Haraldsson, King of Norway 5 was born about 995 in <Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway>, died on 29 Jul 1030 in Stiklestad, Norway about age 35, and was buried on 3 Aug 1030 in St. Clemens-Kirke, Trondheim, Sor-Trondelag, Norway.
69. Sigurd "Fafnisbana" Sigmundsson 3 (Hjordis Eylimadatter60, Eylimi50, Hjalmther41, Egdir31, Skuli26, Lofdi21, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 735 in <Norway>.
Sigurd married Brynhild Budlasdatter,5 daughter of Budi Leinfnisson and Unknown. Brynhild was born about 736 in <Norway>.
(Duplicate Line. See Person 51)
70. Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson 3 (Aslaug Sigurdsdatter61, Brynhild Budlasdatter51, Budi42, Leinfni32, Attip27, Budli22, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 786 in <Denmark>.
Sigurd married Heluna , Princess in England,5 daughter of Ella , King in England and Unknown, about 799 in Jutland, Denmark. Heluna was born about 784 in <England>.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 86 F i. Thora Sigurdsdatter 3 was born about 806 in <Jutland, Denmark>.
+ 87 M ii. Knud Sigurdsson 40 was born about 814 in <Hord, Jutland>, Denmark.
71. Bjorn "Ironside" Ragnarsson 40 (Aslaug Sigurdsdatter61, Brynhild Budlasdatter51, Budi42, Leinfni32, Attip27, Budli22, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 777 in <Denmark>.
Bjorn married someone.
+ 88 M i. Refill Bjornsson 40 was born about 796 in Sweden.
72. Sigurd "Hjort" Helgasson 5 (Aslaug Sigurdsdatter61, Brynhild Budlasdatter51, Budi42, Leinfni32, Attip27, Budli22, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 816 in <Ringerike, Akershus, (Norway)>.
Sigurd married Ingibjorg "Thyrne" Haraldsdatter 5 about 829 in Ringerike, Akershus, (Norway). Ingibjorg was born about 814 in <Ringerike, Akershus, (Norway)>.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 89 F i. Ragnhild Sigurdsdatter 5 was born about 830 in <Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway>.
73. Asa Haraldsdatter 5 (Harald "Red Beard"62, Herbrand52, Hildibrand43, Herbrand33, Hildibrand28, Hildi23, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 794 in <Holtum, Vestfold, (Norway)>.
Asa married Gudrød "the Hunter" Halfdansson, King of Vestfold [Semi-legendary],56 57 son of Halfdan "the Mild" Eysteinsson, King of Vestfold and Romerike [Semi-legendary] and Liv Dagsdotter, of Vestmar, about 821 in Vestfold, (Norway). Gudrød was born about 738 in <Holtum, Vestfold, (Norway)>.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 90 M i. Halfdan "the Black" Gudrodsson 5 was born about 823 in <Vestfold, (Norway)> and died in 863 in Norway about age 40.
74. Ongentheow King in Sweden [Semi-legendary] 1 41 (Aun "the Old" Jorundsson, King in Uppsala [Legendary]63, Jorund Yngvasson, King in Uppsala [Legendary]53, Yngvi Alreksson, King in Sweden [Legendary]44, Alrik Agnesson, King in Sweden [Legendary]34, Agne Dagsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]29, Dag "the Wise" Dyggvisson, King in Sweden [Mythological]24, Dyggvi Domarsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]19, Domar Domaldasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]16, Domalde Visbursson, King in Sweden [Mythological]13, Visbur Vanlandasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]10, Driva Snaersdotter, [Mythological]7, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) died about 515.
Research Notes: Semi-legendary king of Sweden, in the house of the Scylfings.
From Wikipedia - Ongentheow :
Ongentheow, (Anglo-Saxon Ongenþeow, Ongenþio, Ongendþeow; Swedish Angantyr) (- ca 515) was the name of a semi-legendary Swedish king of the house of Scylfings , who appears in Anglo-Saxon sources. He is generally identified with the Swedish king Egil (also Swedish Egill, Eigil) who appears in Ynglingatal , Historia Norwegiae and in Ynglinga saga .[1][2][3][4]
The names are different and have little etymological connection. Ongenþeow would in Proto-Norse have been *Anganaþewaz, whereas Egil would have been *Agilaz. The reason why they are thought to have been the same is that they have the same position in the line of Swedish kings and are described as the fathers of Ohthere and grandfathers of Eadgils . As will be shown below, it can be argued that they are based on the same person and the same events, but not every scholar is open to the historicity of the characters in Beowulf , and in the Norse sagas .
Anglosaxon sources
In the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf Ongentheow is described as a fearsome warrior and it took two warriors Eofor and Wulf Wonreding to take him down.
The epic tells that the Geats under their new king Hæþcyn captured the Swedish queen, but old king Ongenþeow saved her, at a hill fort called Hrefnesholt , although they lost her gold.[5] Ongentheow killed Hæþcyn,[6] and besieged the Geats at Hrefnesholt.[7] The Geats were, however, rescued by Hygelac , Hæþcyn's brother,[8] who arrived the next day with reinforcements.[9] Having lost the battle, but rescued his queen, Ongenþeow and his warriors returned home.[10]
However, the war was not over. Hygelac, the new king of the Geats, attacked the Swedes.[11] The Geatish warriors Eofor and Wulf fought together against the hoary king Ongenþeow.[12] Wulf hit Ongentheow's head with his sword so that the old king bled over his hair, but the king hit back and wounded Wulf.[13] Then, Eofor retaliated by cutting through the Swedish king's shield and through his helmet,[14] giving Ongentheow a death-blow.[15] Eofor took the Swedish king's helmet, sword and breastplate and carried them to Hygelac.[16] When they came home, Eofor and Wulf were richly awarded,[17] and Eofor was given Hygelac's daughter.[18] Because of this battle, Hygelac is referred to as Ongentheow's slayer.[19]
Egil
In Ari Þorgilsson 's Íslendingabók and in Historia Norwegiae , he was called Egil Vendelcrow (Vendilcraca/Vendilkráka, a name traditionally given to those living at the royal estate of Vendel in Sweden). Snorri Sturluson , however, gave the name Vendelcrow to Egil's son Ottar (Ohthere ). In these sources, Egil was the son of Aun the Old , and like him, not very warlike. After he had made the thrall Tunni (or Tonne) responsible for the treasury , Tunni rebelled against Egil. They fought eight battles after which Egil fled to Denmark, according to the Ynglinga saga (Ynglingatal does not mention where he fled and Historia Norwegiae does not mention any escape at all). Snorri wrote that Fróði , the Danish king, aided Egil in defeating Tunni, and made Egil a tributary to the Danish king.
Egil was killed by a bull during the sacrifices at Gamla Uppsala .
The Historia Norwegiæ presents a Latin summary of Ynglingatal, older than Snorri's quotation:
Aukun's son was Egil Vendelkråke, whose own bondman, Tunne, drove him from his kingdom; and though a mere servant he joined in eight civil combats with his master and won supremacy in all of them, but in a ninth he was finally defeated and killed. Shortly afterwards however the monarch was gored and slaughtered by a ferocious bull. The successor to the throne was his son Ottar, [...][25] The even earlier source Íslendingabók also cites the line of descent in Ynglingatal and it also gives Egil as the successor of Aunn and the predecessor of Óttarr : xvi Aun inn gamli. xvii Egill Vendilkráka. xviii Óttarr.[26]
Comments
The two versions seem contradictory, but it has been shown that the two stories may very well describe the same event (Schück H. 1907, Nerman B. 1925), and that Ynglingatal was probably misinterpreted by Snorri due to a different dialectal meaning of the word farra.
If there is any authenticity behind the traditions, the origin of Ynglingatal was most probably a Swedish poem which has not survived (see also Sundquist 2004). In Old Swedish, farra did not mean "bull" but it meant "boar " (cf. English farrow meaning "young pig"). Moreover, in Old Norse Trjóna normally meant a pig's snout (modern Scandinavian tryne). Flæmingr meant "sword" (originally a Flemish sword imported by Vikings).
Moreover, the sword of the snout can hardly refer to the horns of a bull, but it is more natural to interpret it as the tusks of a boar. In English, the lines can be translated as but the giant beast coloured its tusk red on Egil.
In Anglo-Saxon , the name eofor meant "boar" and consequently Ynglingatal could very well relate of Eofor (the boar) killing Egil with kennings for boars. These kennings, sung originally by Swedes, were later misinterpreted by Norwegians and Icelanders as literal expressions due to the different dialectal meanings of farra.
Moreover, according to Schück, the name Tunni which has no meaning in Old Norse should in Proto-Norse have been *Tunþa and derived from *Tunþuz. Consequently, it would have been the same word as the Gothic Tunþus which meant "tooth". This would mean that the name of Egil's enemy, actually meant "tooth" and Tunni and the bull/boar would consequently have been the same enemy, i.e. Eofor.
Some scholars have suggested that the name Ongentheow is connected to the Danish king Ongendus, (fl. c. 700) who appears in one sentence of Alcuin 's life of Willibrord .[27][28]
Ongentheow married someone.
+ 91 M i. Ohthere King in Sweden [Semi-Legendary] 1 58 was born about 515 and died about 530 about age 15.
18th Generation 
75. Robert II "the Pious" King of France 44 45 (Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born on 27 Mar 972 in Orléans, Orléanais, (Loiret), France and died on 20 Jul 1031 in Meulan, Normandy, France at age 59.
Death Notes: Melun, France?
Research Notes: Count of Paris, King of France
From Wikipedia - Robert II of France:
Robert II (27 March 972 - 20 July 1031 ), called the Pious or the Wise, was King of France from 996 until his death. The second reigning member of the House of Capet , he was born in Orléans to Hugh Capet and Adelaide of Aquitaine .
Co-rule with father
Immediately after his own coronation, Robert's father Hugh began to push for the coronation of Robert. "The essential means by which the early Capetians were seen to have kept the throne in their family was through the association of the eldest surviving son in the royalty during the father's lifetime," Andrew W. Lewis has observed, in tracing the phenomenon in this line of kings who lacked dynastic legitimacy.[1] Hugh's claimed reason was that he was planning an expedition against the Moorish armies harassing Borrel II of Barcelona , an invasion which never occurred, and that the stability of the country necessitated a co-king, should he die while on expedition.[2] Ralph Glaber , however, attributes Hugh's request to his old age and inability to control the nobility.[3] Modern scholarship has largely imputed to Hugh the motive of establishing a dynasty against the claims of electoral power on the part of the aristocracy, but this is not the typical view of contemporaries and even some modern scholars have been less sceptical of Hugh's "plan" to campaign in Spain.[4] Robert was eventually crowned on 30 December 987. A measure of Hugh's success is that when Hugh died in 996, Robert continued to reign without any succession dispute, but during his long reign actual royal power dissipated into the hands of the great territorial magnates.
Robert had begun to take on active royal duties with his father in the early 990s. In 991, he helped his father prevent the French bishops from trekking to Mousson in the Kingdom of Germany for a synod called by Pope John XV , with whom Hugh was then in disagreement.
Marital problems
As early as 989, having been rebuffed in his search for a Byzantine princess,[5]Hugh Capet arranged for Robert to marry the recently-widowed daughter of Berengar II of Italy , Rozala , who took the name of Susannah upon becoming Queen.[6] She was many years his senior. She was the widow of Arnulf II of Flanders , with whom she had children, the oldest of whom was of age to assume the offices of count of Flanders. Robert divorced her within a year of his father's death. He tried instead to marry Bertha , daughter of Conrad of Burgundy , around the time of his father's death. She was a widow of Odo I of Blois , but was also Robert's cousin. For reasons of consanguinity , Pope Gregory V refused to sanction the marriage, and Robert was excommunicated. After long negotiations with Gregory's successor, Sylvester II , the marriage was annulled.
Finally, in 1001, Robert entered into his final and longest-lasting marriage: to Constance of Arles , the daughter of William I of Provence . She was an ambitious and scheming woman, who made life miserable for her husband by encouraging her sons to revolt against their father.
Piety
Robert, however, despite his marital problems, was a very devout Catholic, hence his sobriquet "the Pious." He was musically inclined, being a composer, chorister, and poet, and making his palace a place of religious seclusion, where he conducted the matins and vespers in his royal robes. However, to contemporaries, Robert's "piety", resulted from his lack of toleration for heretics: he harshly punished them.
Children
Robert had no children from his short-lived marriage to Susanna. His illegal marriage to Bertha gave him one stillborn son in 999, but only Constance gave him surviving children:[7]
Robert also left an illegitimate son: Rudolph, Bishop of Bourges
Sources
Noted events in his life were:
• King of France: 1 Jan 996-1031.
Robert married Rosela , of Ivrea.59
Robert next married Bertha , of Burgundy,60 daughter of Conrad I , King of Burgundy, King of West Franks and Mathilda , of France, in 995. Bertha was born about 964 and died after 1010.
Noted events in her life were:
• Repudiated: 998.
Robert next married Constance , of Provence,61 62 daughter of William II , Count of Arles and Provence and Adelaide "la Blanche" , of Anjou, in 998. Constance was born about 986, died on 25 Jul 1032 in Melun, France about age 46, and was buried in St. Denis Basilica, Paris, (Île-de-France), France.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 92 F i. Adele Capet, Princess of France 63 64 was born about 1009 and died about 8 Jan 1079 in Messines Monastery, Messines (Mesen), West Flanders, (Belgium) about age 70.
+ 93 F ii. Constance Capet 65 66 was born about 1014 in France.
+ 94 M iii. Hugh Magnus of France was born in 1007 and died on 17 Sep 1025 at age 18.
+ 95 M iv. Henry I of France 67 68 was born on 4 May 1008 in Reims, Marne, Champagne, France, died on 4 Aug 1060 in Vitry-en-Brie, France at age 52, and was buried in St. Denis Basilica, Paris, (Île-de-France), France.
+ 96 M v. Robert "the Old" Duke of Burgundy 69 70 was born about 1011 and died on 21 Mar 1076 about age 65.
+ 97 M vi. Odo was born in 1013 and died about 1056 about age 43.
+ 98 F vii. Adèle of France, Countess of Auxerre 71 was born about 1003 and died about 1063 about age 60.
76. Hedwig of France 46 (Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 969 and died after 1013.
Hedwig married Régnier IV , Count of Hainaut,72 son of Régnier III , Count of Hainaut and Unknown, in 996. Régnier was born about 950 and died in 1013 about age 63.
Noted events in his life were:
• Count of Hainaut: 1013.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 99 M i. Régnier V Count of Hainaut 73 died after 1039.
77. Emma Princess of Normandy 49 50 (Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) died in 1052.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 1-18 (Aethelred II)
Emma married Æthelred II "the Redeless" , King of England,50 74 75 son of Edgar "the Peaceful" , King of England and Ælfthryth, about 1002. Æthelred was born about 968 in <Wessex>, England, died on 23 Apr 1016 in <London, Middlesex>, England about age 48, and was buried in St. Paul's, London, Middlesex, England.
Noted events in his life were:
• King of England: 978-1016.
Emma next married Canute , King of Denmark and England.
78. Richard II Duke of Normandy 51 52 53 (Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 0985 in Normandy, (France), died on 28 Aug 1027 in Fécamp, Normandy, France about age 42, and was buried in Fécamp, Normandy, France.
Birth Notes: FamilySearch has b. abt. 963
Research Notes: Duke of Normandy 20 Nov. 996-1026.
From Wikipedia - Richard II, Duke of Normandy :
Richard II (born 23 August 963, in Normandy , France - 28 August 1027, in Normandy), called the Good, was the son and heir of Richard I the Fearless and Gunnora . He succeeded his father as Duke of Normandy in 996. Richard held his own against a peasant insurrection, and helped Robert II of France against the duchy of Burgundy . He also repelled an English attack on the Cotentin Peninsula that was led by Ethelred II of England. He pursued a reform of the Norman monasteries.
Richard attempted to improve relations with England through his sister's marriage to King Ethelred, but she was strongly disliked by the English. However, this connection later gave his grandson, William the Conqueror , part of his claim to the throne of England.
He married firstly (996) Judith (982-1017), daughter of Conan I of Brittany , by whom he had the following issue:
Secondly he married Poppa of Envermeu, by whom he had the following issue:
Traditionally, Richard had a third wife named Astrid (Estritha), daughter of Sweyn Forkbeard , King of England , Denmark , and Norway , and Sigrid the Haughty . This is extremely unlikely, however, given the political situation.
Noted events in his life were:
• Duke of Normandy: 20 Nov 996.
Richard married Judith , of Brittany,51 76 77 daughter of Conan I , Count of Rennes, Duke of Brittany and Ermengarde , of Anjou, about 996 in Normandy, France. Judith was born about 982 in <Bretagne, (France)> and died on 16 Jun 1017 in Normandy, France about age 35.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 100 M i. Richard III Duke of Normandy 78 was born about 997 and died on 6 Aug 1028 about age 31.
+ 101 F ii. Adelais de Normandie 51 was born about 1007 in <Normandy, France> and died about 1037 in France about age 30.
+ 102 M iii. Robert I Duke of Normandy 79 80 81 was born about 1000 in Normandy, France and died on 22 Jul 1035 in Nicaea, Bythnia, (Turkey) about age 35.
Richard next married Astrid , of Denmark, daughter of Swen I , King of Denmark and Unknown.
79. Geoffrey Count of Eu & Count of Brionne 26 54 (Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 953 in <Brionne>, Normandy, (France) and died about 1015 about age 62.
Research Notes: Possibly the father of Giselbert "Crispin."
Geoffrey married Haloise de Guînes.82 Haloise was born about 942.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 103 M i. Giselbert "Crispin" de Brionne 26 82 83 was born about 1000 in <Normandy>, France and died in 1040 near Eschafour, <Normandy>, (France) about age 40.
80. Robert II d'Évreux, Count of Évreux 55 (Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 965 in Normandy, France and died in 1037 about age 72.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Robert II (Archbishop of Rouen) :
Robert II was son of duke Richard I of Normandy and his second wife Gunnora . He was a younger brother of duke Richard II , and uncle of duke Robert II . He was archbishop of Rouen (989 to 1037), to which at that time his marriage was not an impediment, and also count of Évreux .
In the 990s, archishop Robert plotted to cause the overthrow of the Capetians from the throne they very recently had obtained.
The early years of duke Robert II's reign were turbulent: his elder brother Richard II had died suddenly after a year of ruling the duchy, and Robert II was naturally accused of fratricide. Archbishop Robert evidently believed it, and duke Robert II laid siege to him at Évreux, forcing him into exile: he laid all of Normandy under an interdict. For several years conditions worsened: with even Alan III of Brittany joining in the attack on the duke. But by 1031, "the situation had been largely retrieved, and the chief agent in effecting the recovery was the metropolitan archbishop of Rouen." Archbishop Robert was always closely involved in the government of the duchy. Without him, duke Robert II would never have been able to rule. His uncle's support was essential. Archbishop Robert was recalled from exile and the stabilization of Normandy began. A reconciliation took place: the interdict was lifted. The war with Brittany was ended by his mediation. From this time until his death in 1037 he was the dominant political influence in the duchy of Normandy.
Robert married Harleve of Rouen and had the following children by her:[1]
Richard, Count of Évreux (d. 1067).
Rudolph d'Évreux
daughter, married Gerard de Fleitel
William d'Évreux (may be fictitious)
Duke Robert II went on pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1035 and died in progress. According to duke Robert's will, archbishop Robert became the regent of the duchy and the main guardian of the little heir, Robert II's bastard son, William .
For a couple of years all was peaceful enough. But the death of archbishop Robert on 16 March 1037 ended the stability of the duchy. William the bastard's relatives sought to remove him, resulting in the long anarchy of his minority.
Noted events in his life were:
• Archbishop of Rouen: 989-1037.
Robert married Harleve , of Rouen.55 84 Harleve was born about 968 in <Normandy>, France.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 104 M i. Richard d'Évreux, Count of Évreux 84 85 86 was born about 986 in Rouen, Normandy, France and died in 1067 in Normandy, France about age 81.
81. <Papia> (Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1)
<Papia> married Richard FitzGilbert, Seigneur of Hugleville & Auffay,37 50 son of Gilbert de St. Valerie and Unknown. Richard was born about 1005 in <France>.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 105 F i. Ada FitzGilbert, de Hugleville 37 50 was born about 1030 in <Saint-Valéry-en-Caux>, Haute-Normandie, France.
82. Hvarflad Hlodversdatter 3 (Hlodver, Earl of Orkney66, Thorfinn I Rollo "Hausakliffer"57, Einar "Torf", Earl of Orkney47, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 962 in <Orkney Islands, Scotland>.
Hvarflad married Gille , Earl of the Hebrides 3 about 990. Gille was born about 958 in <Orkney Islands, Scotland>.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 106 M i. Gille Adoman I Gilleson 3 was born about 976 in <Orkney, Scotland>.
83. Sigurd II "Digri" Hlodversson 5 (Hlodver, Earl of Orkney66, Thorfinn I Rollo "Hausakliffer"57, Einar "Torf", Earl of Orkney47, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 960 in <Orkney Islands, Scotland>, died on 23 Apr 1014 in Battle of Clontarf, Dublin, Ireland about age 54, and was buried in Burial Mound, Hofry, Caithness, Scotland.
Sigurd married Anleta "Thora Donada" MacKenneth,5 daughter of Malcolm II , King of Scots and Unknown, about 988 in Scotland. Anleta was born about 968 in <Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland>.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 107 M i. Thorfinn II "the Black" Sigurdsson, Earl of Orkney 5 was born about 989 in <Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland> and died in 1064 in <Christ's Kirk, Birdsey, Scotland> about age 75.
Sigurd next married someone.
+ 108 M i. Brusi Sigurdsson 87 was born about 987 in <Orkney Islands, Scotland> and died in 1031 in Orkney Islands, Scotland about age 44.
84. Roger "the Spaniard" de Toeni 2 (Ralph II de, Seigneur de Tosni67, Ralph I de58, Hugh de48, Malahule39, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 990 in <Tosni>, France, died about 1039 about age 49, and was buried in Conches, Seine-et-Marne, France.
Roger married Godehilde Borrell.40 Godehilde was born about 995 in <Tosni>, (Eure, ) France and died after 1077.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 109 F i. Alice de Toeni 2 was born about 1035 in <Tosni>, France and was buried in Lire Abbey, Normandy, France.
+ 110 M ii. Ralph de Toeni, de Conches 40 was born about 1029 in <Flamsted, Hertfordshire>, England, died on 24 Mar 1102 about age 73, and was buried in Conches, Seine-et-Marne, France.
85. Olaf II "the Saint" Haraldsson, King of Norway 5 (Harald "Graenske" Gudrodsson68, Gudrod Bjornsson59, Bjorn "the Merchant" Haraldsson, Prince of Norway49, Svanhild Eysteinsdatter40, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 995 in <Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway>, died on 29 Jul 1030 in Stiklestad, Norway about age 35, and was buried on 3 Aug 1030 in St. Clemens-Kirke, Trondheim, Sor-Trondelag, Norway.
Olaf married Alfhild.5 Alfhild was born about 1002 in <Bergen, Bergen, Norway>.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 111 M i. Magnus I "the Good" Olafsson, King of Norway 5 was born about 1024 in <Norway> and died on 25 Oct 1047 about age 23.
86. Thora Sigurdsdatter 3 (Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson70, Aslaug Sigurdsdatter61, Brynhild Budlasdatter51, Budi42, Leinfni32, Attip27, Budli22, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 806 in <Jutland, Denmark>.
Thora married Helgi Olafsson,3 son of Olaf Geirstad-Alf Gudrødsson, King of Jutland and Vestfold [Legendary] and Unknown, about 819 in <Ireland>. Helgi was born about 802 in <Dublin, Dublin, Ireland>.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 112 M i. Ingjald "the White" Helgasson, Petty King in Ireland 3 was born about 820 in <Dublin, Dublin, Ireland>.
87. Knud Sigurdsson 40 (Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson70, Aslaug Sigurdsdatter61, Brynhild Budlasdatter51, Budi42, Leinfni32, Attip27, Budli22, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 814 in <Hord, Jutland>, Denmark.
Knud married someone.
+ 113 M i. Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark 40 was born about 840 in Denmark, died about 940 in Jellinge, Vejle, Denmark about age 100, and was buried in Gormshoj, Jellinge, Vejle, Denmark.
88. Refill Bjornsson 40 (Bjorn "Ironside" Ragnarsson71, Aslaug Sigurdsdatter61, Brynhild Budlasdatter51, Budi42, Leinfni32, Attip27, Budli22, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 796 in Sweden.
Refill married someone.
+ 114 M i. Erik Refillsson 40 was born about 814 in Sweden.
89. Ragnhild Sigurdsdatter 5 (Sigurd "Hjort" Helgasson72, Aslaug Sigurdsdatter61, Brynhild Budlasdatter51, Budi42, Leinfni32, Attip27, Budli22, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 830 in <Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway>.
Ragnhild married Halfdan "the Black" Gudrodsson,5 son of Gudrød "the Hunter" Halfdansson, King of Vestfold [Semi-legendary] and Asa Haraldsdatter, about 849 in Norway. Halfdan was born about 823 in <Vestfold, (Norway)> and died in 863 in Norway about age 40.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 115 M i. Harald I "Fairhair" Halfdansson, King of Norway 5 was born about 850 in <Hedemark, Norway>, died in 933 about age 83, and was buried in Hauko, Rogaland, Norway.
90. Halfdan "the Black" Gudrodsson 5 (Asa Haraldsdatter73, Harald "Red Beard"62, Herbrand52, Hildibrand43, Herbrand33, Hildibrand28, Hildi23, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 823 in <Vestfold, (Norway)> and died in 863 in Norway about age 40.
Halfdan married Ragnhild Sigurdsdatter,5 daughter of Sigurd "Hjort" Helgasson and Ingibjorg "Thyrne" Haraldsdatter, about 849 in Norway. Ragnhild was born about 830 in <Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway>.
(Duplicate Line. See Person 89)
91. Ohthere King in Sweden [Semi-Legendary] 1 58 (Ongentheow , King in Sweden [Semi-legendary]74, Aun "the Old" Jorundsson, King in Uppsala [Legendary]63, Jorund Yngvasson, King in Uppsala [Legendary]53, Yngvi Alreksson, King in Sweden [Legendary]44, Alrik Agnesson, King in Sweden [Legendary]34, Agne Dagsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]29, Dag "the Wise" Dyggvisson, King in Sweden [Mythological]24, Dyggvi Domarsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]19, Domar Domaldasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]16, Domalde Visbursson, King in Sweden [Mythological]13, Visbur Vanlandasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]10, Driva Snaersdotter, [Mythological]7, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 515 and died about 530 about age 15.
Research Notes: Semi-legendary king of Sweden, in the house of Ynglings.
From Wikipedia - Ohthere :
Ohthere, Ohtere (the name is sometimes misspelt Ohþere), Óttarr, Óttarr vendilkráka or Ottar Vendelkråka (Vendelcrow) (ca 515 - ca 530[1]) was a semi-legendary king of Sweden belonging to the house of Scylfings .
His name has been reconstructed as Proto-Norse * or * meaning "feared warrior".[2]
Beowulf
In the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf the name of Ohthere only appears in constructions referring to his father Ongenþeow (fæder Ohtheres),[3] mother (Onelan modor and Ohtheres),[4] and his sons Eadgils (suna Ohteres,[5] sunu Ohteres[6]) and Eanmund (suna Ohteres).[7]
When Ohthere and his actions are concerned, he is referred to as Ongenþeow's offspring together with his brother Onela . The section deals with Ohthere and Onela pillaging the Geats at the death of their king Hreðel , restarting the Swedish-Geatish wars :
Later, it is implied in the poem that Ohthere has died, because his brother Onela is king. Ohthere's sons Eadgils and Eanmund fled to the Geats and the wars began anew.
Scandinavian sources
Ynglingatal , Ynglinga saga , Íslendingabók and Historia Norvegiae all present Óttarr as the son of Egill (called Ongenþeow in Beowulf) and as the father of Aðísl/Aðils/athils/Adils (Eadgils ).
According to the latest source, Ynglinga saga , Óttarr refused to pay tribute to the Danish king Fróði for the help that his father had received. Then Fróði sent two men to collect the tribute, but Óttarr answered that the Swedes had never paid tribute to the Daner and would not begin with him. Fróði then gathered a vast host and looted in Sweden, but the next summer he pillaged in the east. When Óttarr learnt that Fróði was gone, he sailed to Denmark to plunder in return and went into the Limfjord where he pillaged in Vendsyssel . Fróði's jarls Vott and Faste attacked Óttarr in the fjord. The battle was even and many men fell, but the Daner were reinforced by the people in the neighbourhood and so the Swedes lost (a version apparently borrowed from the death of Óttarr's predecessor Jorund ). The Daner put Óttarr's dead corpse on a mound to be devoured by wild beasts, and made a wooden crow that they sent to Sweden with the message that the wooden crow was all that Óttarr was worth. After this, Óttarr was called Vendelcrow.
It is only Snorri who uses the epithet Vendelcrow, whereas the older sources Historia Norvegiae and Íslendingabók use it for his father Egill . Moreover, it is only in Snorri's work that story of Óttarr's death in Vendsyssel appears, and it is probably his own invention.[1
Historia Norvegiæ only informs that Ohthere was killed by the Danish brothers Ottar [sic.] and Faste in a Danish province called Vendel.
Ohthere's barrow
Ohthere's barrow (Swedish: Ottarshögen) (60°08'N 17°34'E? / ?60.133°N 17.567°E? / 60.133; 17.567 ) is located in Vendel parish, Uppland , Sweden . The barrow is 5 metres high and 40 metres wide. In the 17th century the barrow was known locally as Ottarshögen.[14]
The barrow was excavated in the period 1914-1916.[14] It showed the remains of both a man and a woman, and the finds were worthy of a king.[15] The Swedish archaeologist Sune Lindqvist[16] reported that in its centre there was a wooden vessel with ashes. There were few finds but they were well-preserved. There were some decorative panels similar to those found in the other Vendel era graves nearby. A comb with a case was found, as well as a golden Roman coin, a solidus , dated to be no later than 477. It had been perforated and was probably used as decoration, but it showed signs of wear and tear and had probably been worn for a longer time. Lindquist stated that the identification of the barrow as that of Ohthere could not receive more archaeological confirmation than those provided by the excavation.
Ohthere married someone.
+ 116 M i. Eadgils King in Uppsala [Semi-Legendary] 1 88 died about 580.
19th Generation 92. Adele Capet, Princess of France 63 64 (Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1009 and died about 8 Jan 1079 in Messines Monastery, Messines (Mesen), West Flanders, (Belgium) about age 70.
Research Notes: Second daughter of Robert the Pious and Constance of Arles.
From Wikipedia - Adela of France, Countess of Flanders :
Adela Capet, Adèle of France or Adela of Flanders[1], known also as Adela the Holy or Adela of Messines; (1009 - 8 January 1079 , Messines ) was the second daughter of Robert II (the Pious), and Constance of Arles . As dowry to her future husband, she received from her father the title of Countess of Corbie.
Her family
She was a member of the House of Capet , the rulers of France. As the wife of Baldwin V , she was Countess of Flanders from 1036 to 1067.
She married first 1027 Richard III Duke of Normandy (997 † 1027). They never had children.
As a widow, she remarried in 1028 in Paris to Baldwin V of Flanders (1012 † 1067). Their children were:
Political influence
Adèle's influence lay mainly in her family connections. On the death of her brother, Henry I of France, the guardianship of his seven-year-old son Philip I fell jointly on his widow, Ann of Kiev , and on his brother-in-law, Adela's husband, so that from 1060 to 1067, they were Regents of France.
Church influence
Adèle had an especially great interest in Baldwin V's church-reform politics and was behind her husband's founding of several collegiate churches . Directly or indirectly, she was responsible for establishing the Colleges of Aire (1049), Lille (1050) and Harelbeke (1064) as well as the abbeys of Messines (1057) and Ename (1063). After Baldwin's death in 1067, she went to Rome, took the nun's veil from the hands of Pope Alexander II and retreated to the Benedictine convent of Messines, near Ypres . There she died, being buried at the same monastery. Her commemoration day is 8 September.
Adele married Baldwin V , de Lille, Count of Flanders,35 89 90 son of Baldwin IV "the Bearded" , Count of Valenciennes & Count of Flanders and Ogive , de Luxembourg, in 1028 in Amiens. Baldwin was born in 1012 and died on 1 Sep 1067 in Lille, France at age 55.
Marriage Notes: May have been married in Paris.
Noted events in his life were:
• Count of Flanders: 1035-1067.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 117 F i. Matilda of Flanders 91 92 was born about 1032 in Flanders, died on 2 Nov 1083 in Caen, Normandy, France about age 51, and was buried in Abbaye aux Dames, Caen, Normandy, France.
+ 118 M ii. Robert I Count of Flanders 93 94 was born between 1029 and 1035 and died on 13 Oct 1093 in Kassel.
Adele next married Richard III , Duke of Normandy,78 son of Richard II , Duke of Normandy and Judith , of Brittany, on 10 Jan 1027. Richard was born about 997 and died on 6 Aug 1028 about age 31.
Death Notes: Died in 1027 or 1028.
Noted events in his life were:
• Duke of Normandy: 1026-1028.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 119 F i. Judith of Normandy 95 was born in 1028 and died on 4 Mar 1094 at age 66.
93. Constance Capet 65 66 (Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1014 in France.
Research Notes: Married Manasses de Dammartin per Wikipedia.
Source: Wikipedia - Robert II of France and Constance of Arles
Constance married Manasses Calva Asina de Rameru,65 son of Hilduin II de Rameru and Unknown, about 1032 in Orléans, Orléanais, (Loiret), France. Manasses was born about 1010 in <Dammartin-en-Goele, Seine-et-Marne>, France and died on 15 Nov 1057 in Bar-le-Duc, Meuse, Lorraine, France about age 47.
Death Notes: Was killed during the Siege of Bar-le-Duc.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 120 M i. Hugues de Dammartin, Count of Dammartin 65 96 was born about 1042 in <Dammartin-en-Goele, Seine-et-Marne>, France and died in 1103 about age 61.
94. Hugh Magnus of France (Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born in 1007 and died on 17 Sep 1025 at age 18.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Hugh Magnus of France :
Hugh (II) Magnus of France (French : Hugues le Grand) (1007 - 17 September 1025 ) was co-King of France under his father, Robert II , from 1017 until his death in 1025 . He was a member of the House of Capet , a son of Robert II by his third wife, Constance of Arles .
The first Capetian King of France, Hugh Capet , had ensured his family's succession to the throne by having his son, Robert II, crowned and accepted as King during his own lifetime; father and son had ruled together as King thenceforth until Hugh Capet's death. Robert II, when his son was old enough, determined to do the same. Hugh Magnus was thus crowned King of France on /19 June 1017 ,[1] and thenceforth ruled beside his father. However, when older, he rebelled against Robert.
Hugh is said to have been married (or betrothed) before his death to Halwisa (Hawisa?) or Elisabeth d'Avoye (the daughter of Henri l'Oiseteur), who later married Hamon Dapifer Crevecouer, Count of Corbeil.
Hugh died, perhaps of a fall from his horse,[2] at Compiègne in 1025/1026 while preparing a rebellion against his father, aged around 18 years old.[1]
Rodulfus Glaber was fulsome in his praise of the young king, writing: "My pen cannot express all of the great and good qualities that he showed...in all things he was better than the best. No elegy can ever equal his merits."
As a King of France, he would technically be Hugh II of France; however, he is rarely referred to as such.
References
^ a b Thys, Laurent, Histoire du Moyen Âge français, p. 88.
^ New Cambridge Medieval History, IV:124.
Sources
95. Henry I of France 67 68 (Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born on 4 May 1008 in Reims, Marne, Champagne, France, died on 4 Aug 1060 in Vitry-en-Brie, France at age 52, and was buried in St. Denis Basilica, Paris, (Île-de-France), France.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Henry I of France :
Henry I (4 May 1008 - 4 August 1060 ) was King of France from 1031 to his death. The royal demesne of France reached its lowest point in terms of size during his reign and for this reason he is often seen as emblematic of the weakness of the early Capetians . This is not entirely agreed upon, however, as other historians regard him as a strong but realistic king, who was forced to conduct a policy mindful of the limitations of the French monarchy.
A member of the House of Capet , Henry was born in Reims , the son of King Robert II (972-1031) and Constance of Arles (986-1034). He was crowned King of France at the Cathedral in Reims on May 14 , 1027 , in the Capetian tradition, while his father still lived. He had little influence and power until he became sole ruler on his father's death.
The reign of Henry I, like those of his predecessors, was marked by territorial struggles. Initially, he joined his brother Robert , with the support of their mother, in a revolt against his father (1025 ). His mother, however, supported Robert as heir to the old king, on whose death Henry was left to deal with his rebel sibling. In 1032 , he placated his brother by giving him the duchy of Burgundy which his father had given him in 1016 .
In an early strategic move, Henry came to the rescue of his very young nephew-in-law, the newly appointed Duke William of Normandy (who would go on to become William the Conqueror ), to suppress a revolt by William's vassals. In 1047 , Henry secured the dukedom for William in their decisive victory over the vassals at the Battle of Val-ès-Dunes near Caen .
A few years later, when William, who was cousin to King Edward the Confessor of England (1042-66), married Matilda , the daughter of the count of Flanders , Henry feared William's potential power. In 1054 , and again in 1057 , Henry went to war to try to conquer Normandy from William, but on both occasions he was defeated. Despite his efforts, Henry I's twenty-nine-year reign saw feudal power in France reach its pinnacle.
Henry had three meetings with Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor -all at Ivois . In early 1043 , he met him to discuss the marriage of the emperor with Agnes of Poitou , the daughter of Henry's vassal. In October 1048 , the two Henries met again, but the subject of this meeting eludes us. The final meeting took place in May 1056 . It concerned disputes over Lorraine. The debate over the duchy became so heated that the king of France challenged his German counterpart to single combat. The emperor, however, was not so much a warrior and he fled in the night. But Henry did not get Lorraine.
King Henry I died on August 4 , 1060 in Vitry-en-Brie , France, and was interred in Saint Denis Basilica . He was succeeded by his son, Philip I of France , who was 7 at the time of his death; for six years Henry I's Queen, Anne of Kiev , ruled as regent.
He was also Duke of Burgundy from 1016 to 1032 , when he abdicated the duchy to his brother Robert Capet .
Marriages and family
Henry I was betrothed to Matilda, the daughter of the Emperor Conrad II (1024-39), but she died prematurely in 1034 . Henry I then married Matilda , daughter of Liudolf, Margrave of Frisia, but she died in 1044 , following a Caesarean section. Casting further afield in search of a third wife, Henry I married Anne of Kiev on May 19 , 1051 . They had four children:
Philip I (May 23, 1052 - July 30, 1108)
Emma (1054-?)
Robert (c. 1055-c. 1060)
Hugh the Great (1057-1102)
Noted events in his life were:
• King of France: 1031-1060.
• Count of Paris:
Henry married Anne , of Kiev,97 98 daughter of Yaroslav I , of Kiev and Ingegerd Olofsdotter, of Sweden, on 19 May 1051 in Cathedral de Rheims, Rheims, France. Anne was born between 1024 and 1032, died in 1075, and was buried in Villiers Abbey, La-Ferte-Alais, Essonne, (Île-de-France), France.
Marriage Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 241-6 has m. 20 Jan 1044 or 1045. Wikipedia has 19 May 1051. Was 1044/45 the betrothal?
Death Notes: Ancestral Roots line 241-6 has d. aft. 1075
Children from this marriage were:
+ 121 M i. Hugh Magnus of Vermandois and Valois, Duke of France 99 100 was born in 1057 and died on 18 Oct 1102 in Tarsus, Cilicia, (Turkey) at age 45.
+ 122 M ii. Philip I of France was born on 23 May 1052 and died on 30 Jul 1108 at age 56.
+ 123 M iii. Robert was born about 1055 and died about 1060 about age 5.
+ 124 F iv. Emma 101 was born in 1054.
96. Robert "the Old" Duke of Burgundy 69 70 (Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1011 and died on 21 Mar 1076 about age 65.
Research Notes: Duke of Burgundy from 1032 to his death in 1076.
From Wikipedia - Robert I, Duke of Burgundy :
Robert I Capet (1011 - March 21 , 1076 ) was duke of Burgundy between 1032 to his death. Robert was son of King Robert II of France and brother of Henry I .
In 1025 , with the death of his eldest brother Hugh Magnus, he and Henry rebelled against their father and defeated him, forcing him back to Paris . In 1031 , after the death of his father the king, Robert participated in a rebellion against his brother, in which he was supported by his mother, Queen Constance d'Arles . Peace was only achieved when Robert was given Burgundy (1032 ).
Throughout his reign, he was little more than a robber baron who had no control over his own vassals, whose estates he often plundered, especially those of the Church. He seized the income of the diocese of Autun and the wine of the canons of Dijon . He burgled the abbey of St-Germain at Auxerre . In 1055 , he repudiated his wife, Helie of Semur, and assassinated her brother Joceran and murdered her father, his father-in-law, Lord Dalmace I of Semur , with his own hands. In that same year, the bishop of Langres , Harduoin, refused to dedicate the church of Sennecy so as not "to be exposed to the violence of the duke."
His first son, Hugh, died in battle at a young age and his second son, Henry , also predeceased him. He was succeeded by Henry's eldest son, his grandson, Hugh I .
Family
He married his first wife, Helie of Semur , about 1033 , and repudiated her in 1055. Robert and Helie had five children:
Hugh (1034-1059), killed in battle
Henry (1035-ca.1074)
Robert (1040-1113), poisoned; married Violante of Sicily, daughter of Roger I of Sicily
Simon (1045-1087)
Constance (1046-1093), married Alfonso VI of Castile
Hildegard (c.1056-1104), married Duke William VIII of Aquitaine
Sources
Robert married Hélie,102 daughter of Dalmas I , Sire of Semur-en-Brionnais and Aremburge, about 1033. Hélie was born in 1016 and died 22 April after 1055 at age 39.
Death Notes: Died a nun
Noted events in her life were:
• Repudiated: 1046.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 125 M i. Henry of Burgundy 103 104 105 was born about 1035 in <Bourgogne, Champagne>, France and died about 1071 about age 36.
+ 126 F ii. Constance of Burgundy 106 107 was born in 1046 and died in 1092 at age 46.
Robert next married Ermengarde , of Anjou,108 109 daughter of Geoffrey I "Grisgonelle" , Count of Anjou and Adelaide , of Vermandois, about 1048. Ermengarde was born about 952 in <Anjou, France> and died on 27 Jun 992 about age 40.
Robert next married Hildegarde , of Metz.110
97. Odo (Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born in 1013 and died about 1056 about age 43.
Research Notes: May have been mentally retarded.
Source: Wikipedia - Robert II of France
98. Adèle of France, Countess of Auxerre 71 (Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1003 and died about 1063 about age 60.
Adèle married Renaud I , Count of Nevers 111 about 1015. Renaud died on 29 May 1040.
Noted events in his life were:
• Count of Nevers: 1000-1040.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 127 M i. William I Count of Nevers 112 was born about 1030 and died on 20 Jun 1100 about age 70.
99. Régnier V Count of Hainaut 73 (Hedwig , of France76, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) died after 1039.
Noted events in his life were:
• Count of Hainaut: 1013.
Régnier married Mathilde , of Verdun,113 daughter of Herman von Enham, Count in Eifelgau, Count in Westphalia and Unknown, about 1015. Mathilde died about 1039.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 128 F i. Beatrix of Hainaut 114 was born about 998 in <Hainaut, Belgium>.
100. Richard III Duke of Normandy 78 (Richard II, Duke of Normandy78, Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 997 and died on 6 Aug 1028 about age 31.
Death Notes: Died in 1027 or 1028.
Research Notes: Eldest son. First husband of Adele of France.
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 132A-23
From Wikipedia - Richard III, Duke of Normandy :
Richard III (997 - 1027) was the eldest son of Richard II , who died in 1027. Before succeeding his father, perhaps about 1020, he had been sent by his father in command of a large army, to attack bishop/count Hugh of Chalon in order to rescue his brother-in-law, Reginald , later Count of Burgundy , who the count/bishop had captured and imprisoned. He was betrothed to Adela, countess of Corbie (1009-June 5, 1063), second daughter of Robert II of France and Constance of Arles , but they never married.
After his father's death, he ruled the Duchy of Normandy only briefly, dying mysteriously, perhaps by poison, soon after his father. The duchy passed to his younger brother Robert I . Adela later married Baldwin V, Count of Flanders .
By unknown women, he had two known children:
Noted events in his life were:
• Duke of Normandy: 1026-1028.
Richard had a relationship with < > , [Unknown mistress].115
+ 129 F i. Alice of Normandy 5 116 was born about 1021 in <Normandy, France>.
Richard married Adele Capet, Princess of France,63 64 daughter of Robert II "the Pious" , King of France and Constance , of Provence, on 10 Jan 1027. Adele was born about 1009 and died about 8 Jan 1079 in Messines Monastery, Messines (Mesen), West Flanders, (Belgium) about age 70.
(Duplicate Line. See Person 92)
101. Adelais de Normandie 51 (Richard II, Duke of Normandy78, Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1007 in <Normandy, France> and died about 1037 in France about age 30.
Adelais married Renaud I , Count Palantine of Burgundy,51 son of Otto Guillaume , Count of Burgundy and Ermentrude , Countess of Rheims, before 1023 in France. Renaud was born about 986 in <Bourgogne, Champagne>, France and died on 4 Sep 1057 in France about age 71.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 130 M i. Guillaume I de Bourgogne 51 117 was born about 1040 in <Bourgogne, Champagne>, France and died on 12 Nov 1087 in France about age 47.
102. Robert I Duke of Normandy 79 80 81 (Richard II, Duke of Normandy78, Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1000 in Normandy, France and died on 22 Jul 1035 in Nicaea, Bythnia, (Turkey) about age 35.
Research Notes: Father of William the Conqueror and Adelaide (Adela) of Normandy.
From Wikipedia - Robert I, Duke of Normandy :
Robert the Magnificent[1] (June 22 , 1000 - 3 July 1035 ), also called Robert the Devil and Robert I or II, was the Duke of Normandy from 1027 until his death. He was the son of Richard II of Normandy and Judith , daughter of Conan I of Rennes . He was the father of William the Conqueror .
Life
When his father died, his elder brother Richard succeeded, whilst he became Count of Hiémois . When Richard died a year later, there were great suspicions that Robert had Richard murdered, hence his other nickname, "Robert le diable" ("the devil"). He is sometimes identified with the legendary Robert the Devil .
Robert aided King Henry I of France against Henry's rebellious brother and mother, and for his help he was given the territory of the Vexin . He also intervened in the affairs of Flanders , supported Edward the Confessor , who was then in exile at Robert's court, and sponsored monastic reform in Normandy .
By his mistress, Herleva of Falaise, he was father of the future William I of England (1028-1087). He also had an illegitimate daughter, but the only chronicler to explicitly address the issue, Robert of Torigny , contradicts himself, once indicating that she had a distinct mother from William, elsewhere stating that they shared the same mother. This daughter, Adelaide of Normandy (1030-c. 1083), married three times: to Enguerrand II, Count of Ponthieu , Lambert II, Count of Lens , and Odo II of Champagne .
After making his illegitimate son William his heir, he set out on pilgrimage to Jerusalem . According to the Gesta Normannorum Ducum he travelled by way of Constantinople , reached Jerusalem, and died on the return journey at Nicaea on 2 July 1035 . Some sources attribute his death to poison and date it to 1 or 3 July. His son William, aged about eight, succeeded him.
According to the historian William of Malmesbury , around 1086 William sent a mission to Constantinople and Nicaea, charging it with bringing his father's body back to be buried in Normandy. Permission was granted, but, having travelled as far as Apulia (Italy) on the return journey, the envoys learned that William himself had meanwhile died. They then decided to re-inter Robert's body in Italy.
Noted events in his life were:
• Duke of Normandy: 1027-1035.
• Count of Hiémois: 1026.
Robert married Harlette de Falaise, daughter of Fulbert de Falaise and Doda , de Falaise. Harlette was born about 1003 in Falaise, Calvados, Normandy, France and died about 1050 about age 47.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 131 M i. William the Conqueror Duke of Normandy, King of England 118 was born about 1028 in Falaise, Normandy, France and died on 9 Sep 1087 in Rouen, Normandy, France about age 59.
+ 132 F ii. Adelaide of Normandy, Countess of Aumale 119 120 was born about 1030 and died between 1081 and 1090.
103. Giselbert "Crispin" de Brionne 26 82 83 (Geoffrey, Count of Eu & Count of Brionne79, Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1000 in <Normandy>, France and died in 1040 near Eschafour, <Normandy>, (France) about age 40.
Birth Notes: FamilySearch has b. abt 1000, Normandy, France.
Research Notes: His mother was apparently Haloise de Guînes. Father uncertain.
From Wikipedia - Gilbert, Count of Brionne :
Gilbert or Giselbert "Crispin", (1000-1040) was a Norman noble, Count of Eu , and Count of Brionne in northern France .
Parentage
The reference listed below states he was the son of Geoffrey, Count of Eu (b. 962) who was an illegitimate child of Richard the Fearless . Some sources say Gislebert was the son of Godfrey of Brionne and Eu , others that he was the son of Gilbert, Baron of Bec . Still others claim that his father was Crispin de Bec (b. 940). Gislebert's mother was apparently Haloise de Guînes (b. 942).
Life
Whatever his parentage, he inherited Brionne, becoming one of the most powerful landowners in Normandy . He married Gunnora d'Aunou (Gunmore d'Ainon) in 1012. He had children by his wife and a mistress. The name "Crispin" is said to have referred to the family's erect curly hair.
Gislebert was a generous benefactor to Bec Abbey founded by his former knight Herluin in 1031.
When Robert II, Duke of Normandy died in 1035 his illegitimate son William inherited his father's title. Several leading Normans, including Gilbert of Brionne, Osbern the Seneschal and Alan of Brittany, became William's guardians.
Death
A number of Norman barons including Raoul de Gacé would not accept an illegitimate son as their leader. In 1040 an attempt was made to kill William but the plot failed. Gilbert however was murdered while he was peaceably riding near Eschafour. It is believed two of his killers were Ralph of Wacy and Robert de Vitot. This appears to have been an act of vengeance for wrongs inflicted upon the orphan children of Giroie by Gilbert, and it is not clear what Raoul de Gacé had to do in the business. Fearing they might meet their father's fate, his sons Richard and his brother Baldwin were conveyed by their friends to the court of Baldwin, Count of Flanders.
Children
Gilbert was the great progenitor of the illustrious house of Candia of the Viscount of Geneva and in England of the illustrious house of de Clare , of the Barons Fitz Walter, and the Earls of Gloucester and Hertford .
Giselbert married Gunnora D'Aunou 26 121 in 1012. Gunnora was born about 984 in <France>.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 133 M i. Richard I FitzGilbert, of Clare and Tonbridge 26 122 123 was born in 1030 in <Bienfaite>, Normandy, France, was christened in Brionne, Normandy, France, died before Apr 1088 in <Huntingdonshire, England>, and was buried in St. Neot's, Huntingdonshire, England.
104. Richard d'Évreux, Count of Évreux 84 85 86 (Robert II, Count of Évreux80, Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 986 in Rouen, Normandy, France and died in 1067 in Normandy, France about age 81.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Richard, Count of Évreux :
Richard, Count of Évreux (d. 1067) was the son of Robert II the Archbishop of Rouen and Count of Évreux and Harleve of Rouen .
He had the following children:
Noted events in his life were:
• Archbishop of Rouen:
Richard married Adaele de Toni 84 before 1030. Adaele was born about 1004 in <Normandy>, France.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 134 F i. Agnes d'Évreux 84 85 was born about 1030 in Évreux, Normandy, France.
105. Ada FitzGilbert, de Hugleville 37 50 (<Papia>81, Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1030 in <Saint-Valéry-en-Caux>, Haute-Normandie, France.
Ada married Geoffroy de Neufmarché,37 50 124 son of Thurcytel and Unknown. Geoffroy was born about 1025 in <France>.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 135 M i. Bernard de Neufmarché, Lord of Brecon 37 124 was born about 1050 in Le-Neuf-Marché-en-Lions and died about 1125 about age 75.
106. Gille Adoman I Gilleson 3 (Hvarflad Hlodversdatter82, Hlodver, Earl of Orkney66, Thorfinn I Rollo "Hausakliffer"57, Einar "Torf", Earl of Orkney47, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 976 in <Orkney, Scotland>.
Gille married someone.
+ 136 M i. Gillebride 3 was born about 1010 in <Scotland>.
107. Thorfinn II "the Black" Sigurdsson, Earl of Orkney 5 (Sigurd II "Digri"83, Hlodver, Earl of Orkney66, Thorfinn I Rollo "Hausakliffer"57, Einar "Torf", Earl of Orkney47, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 989 in <Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland> and died in 1064 in <Christ's Kirk, Birdsey, Scotland> about age 75.
Thorfinn married Ingeborg Finnsdatter,5 daughter of Finn Arnesson, Earl of Halland and Unknown, before 1038. Ingeborg was born about 1021 in <Osteraat, Yrje, Norway> and died about 1066 about age 45.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 137 M i. Paul Thorfinnsson, Jarl of Orkney and Caithness 5 was born about 1040 in <Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland> and died in 1103 in Bergen, Hordaland, Norway about age 63.
108. Brusi Sigurdsson 87 (Sigurd II "Digri"83, Hlodver, Earl of Orkney66, Thorfinn I Rollo "Hausakliffer"57, Einar "Torf", Earl of Orkney47, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 987 in <Orkney Islands, Scotland> and died in 1031 in Orkney Islands, Scotland about age 44.
Brusi married Ostrida Regenwaldsdatter 87 about 1010 in Orkney Islands, Scotland. Ostrida was born about 990 in <Gothland, Sweden>.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 138 M i. Ragnvald Brusesson 87 was born about 1011 in <Orkney Islands, Scotland>, died in Dec 1046 in Papa Stronsay, Orkney Islands, Scotland about age 35, and was buried in Papa Westroy, Orkney, Scotland.
109. Alice de Toeni 2 (Roger "the Spaniard" de84, Ralph II de, Seigneur de Tosni67, Ralph I de58, Hugh de48, Malahule39, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1035 in <Tosni>, France and was buried in Lire Abbey, Normandy, France.
Alice married William FitzOsbern,2 son of Osbern and Emma , of Ivry, about 1051 in France. William was born about 1030 in <Poitiers>, Poitou, (Vienne), France, died on 20 Feb 1071 in Flanders about age 41, and was buried in Cormeilles Abbey, Normandy (Eure), France.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 139 F i. Emma FitzOsbern 2 was born about 1059 in <Breteuil>, Normandy, France and died after 1095.
110. Ralph de Toeni, de Conches 40 (Roger "the Spaniard" de84, Ralph II de, Seigneur de Tosni67, Ralph I de58, Hugh de48, Malahule39, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1029 in <Flamsted, Hertfordshire>, England, died on 24 Mar 1102 about age 73, and was buried in Conches, Seine-et-Marne, France.
Ralph married Isabel de Montfort,40 daughter of Simon I de Montfort and Isabel de Broyes, about 1076 in Île-de-France, France. Isabel was born about 1058 in <Flamsted, Hertfordshire>, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 140 M i. Ralph de Toeni, de Conches 40 was born about 1079 in <Flamsted, Hertfordshire>, England, died about 1126 in Conches, Seine-et-Marne, France about age 47, and was buried in Conches, Seine-et-Marne, France.
111. Magnus I "the Good" Olafsson, King of Norway 5 (Olaf II "the Saint" Haraldsson, King of Norway85, Harald "Graenske" Gudrodsson68, Gudrod Bjornsson59, Bjorn "the Merchant" Haraldsson, Prince of Norway49, Svanhild Eysteinsdatter40, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1024 in <Norway> and died on 25 Oct 1047 about age 23.
Magnus married someone.
+ 141 F i. Ragnhild Magnusdatter, Princess of Norway 5 was born about 1041 in <Norway>.
112. Ingjald "the White" Helgasson, Petty King in Ireland 3 (Thora Sigurdsdatter86, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson70, Aslaug Sigurdsdatter61, Brynhild Budlasdatter51, Budi42, Leinfni32, Attip27, Budli22, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 820 in <Dublin, Dublin, Ireland>.
Ingjald married someone.
+ 142 M i. Olaf "the White" Ingjaldsson, King of Ireland 3 was born about 840 in <Dyflinni, Ireland> and died in 871 in Dublin, Dublin, Ireland about age 31.
113. Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark 40 (Knud Sigurdsson87, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson70, Aslaug Sigurdsdatter61, Brynhild Budlasdatter51, Budi42, Leinfni32, Attip27, Budli22, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 840 in Denmark, died about 940 in Jellinge, Vejle, Denmark about age 100, and was buried in Gormshoj, Jellinge, Vejle, Denmark.
Geva married Thyre "Danebod" 40 about 897 in Denmark. Thyre was born about 844 in Denmark, died about 935 in Jellinge, Vejle, Denmark about age 91, and was buried in Jellinghojene, Jellinge, Vejle, Denmark.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 143 M i. Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark 40 125 was born about 910 in Denmark and died on 1 Nov 987 about age 77.
114. Erik Refillsson 40 (Refill Bjornsson88, Bjorn "Ironside" Ragnarsson71, Aslaug Sigurdsdatter61, Brynhild Budlasdatter51, Budi42, Leinfni32, Attip27, Budli22, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 814 in Sweden.
Erik married someone.
+ 144 M i. Emund Eriksson 40 was born about 832 in Sweden.
115. Harald I "Fairhair" Halfdansson, King of Norway 5 (Ragnhild Sigurdsdatter89, Sigurd "Hjort" Helgasson72, Aslaug Sigurdsdatter61, Brynhild Budlasdatter51, Budi42, Leinfni32, Attip27, Budli22, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 850 in <Hedemark, Norway>, died in 933 about age 83, and was buried in Hauko, Rogaland, Norway.
Harald married Svanhild Eysteinsdatter,5 daughter of Eystein "Glumra" Ivarsson, Jarl of Oppland and Aseda Rognvaldsdatter. Svanhild was born about 850 in <Maer, Nord-Trondelag, (Norway)>.
(Duplicate Line. See Person 40)
116. Eadgils King in Uppsala [Semi-Legendary] 1 88 (Ohthere , King in Sweden [Semi-Legendary]91, Ongentheow , King in Sweden [Semi-legendary]74, Aun "the Old" Jorundsson, King in Uppsala [Legendary]63, Jorund Yngvasson, King in Uppsala [Legendary]53, Yngvi Alreksson, King in Sweden [Legendary]44, Alrik Agnesson, King in Sweden [Legendary]34, Agne Dagsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]29, Dag "the Wise" Dyggvisson, King in Sweden [Mythological]24, Dyggvi Domarsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]19, Domar Domaldasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]16, Domalde Visbursson, King in Sweden [Mythological]13, Visbur Vanlandasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]10, Driva Snaersdotter, [Mythological]7, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) died about 580.
Research Notes: Semi-legendary king of Sweden, in the house of Yngling.
From Wikipedia - Eadgils :
Eadgils, Adils, Aðils, Adillus, Aðísl at Uppsölum, Athisl, Athislus, Adhel was a semi-legendary king of Sweden , who is estimated to have lived during the 6th century.[1]
Beowulf and Old Norse sources present him as the son of Ohthere and as belonging to the ruling Yngling (Scylfing) clan . These sources also deal with his war against Onela , which he won with foreign assistance: in Beowulf he gained the throne of Sweden by defeating his uncle Onela with Geatish help, and in two Scandinavian sources (Skáldskaparmál and Skjöldunga saga ), he is also helped to defeat Onela in the Battle on the Ice of Lake Vänern , but with Danish help. However, Scandinavian sources mostly deal with his interaction with the legendary Danish king Hrólfr Kraki (Hroðulf), and Eadgils is mostly presented in a negative light as a rich and greedy king.
Name
The Norse forms are based an older (Proto-Norse ) *Aþag (where *aþa is short for *aþala meaning "noble, foremost" (German 'adel') and *g means "arrow shaft"[2]). However, the Anglo-Saxon form is not etymologically identical. The A-S form would have been *Ædgils, but Eadgils (Proto-Norse *Auða-g, *auða- meaning "wealth") was the only corresponding name used by the Anglo-Saxons[3]. The name Aðils was so exceedingly rare even in Scandinavia that among almost 6000 Scandinavian runic inscriptions, it is only attested in three runestones (U 35 , DR 221 and Br Olsen;215)[4].
Beowulf
The Anglo-Saxon epic poem Beowulf , which was composed sometime between the 8th century and the 11th century, is beside the Norwegian skaldic poem Ynglingatal (9th century) the oldest source that mentions Eadgils.
It is implied in Beowulf that the Swedish king Ohthere died and was succeeded by his younger brother Onela , because Ohthere's two sons, Eadgils and Eanmund had to seek refuge with Heardred , Hygelac 's son and successor as king of the Geats [5]. This caused Onela to attack the Geats, and Heardred was killed. Onela returned home and Beowulf succeeded Heardred as the king of Geatland . In the following lines, Onela is referred to as the Scylfings helmet and the son of Ongenþeow , whereas Eadgils and Eanmund are referred to as the sons of Ohtere:
Later in the poem, it tells that during the battle, Eadgils' brother Eanmund was killed by Onela's champion Weohstan , Wiglaf 's father. In the following lines, Eanmund also appears as the son of Ohtere and as a brother's child:
Eadgils, however, survived and later, Beowulf helped Eadgils with weapons and warriors. Eadgils won the war and killed his uncle Onela. In the following lines, Eadgils is mentioned by name and as the son of Ohtere, whereas Onela is referred to as the king:
This event also appears in the Scandinavian sources Skáldskaparmál and Skjöldunga saga , which will be treated below.
Norwegian and Icelandic sources
The allusive manner in which Eadgils and his relatives are referred to in Beowulf suggests that the scop expected his audience to have sufficient background knowledge about Eadgils, Ohthere and Eanmund to understand the references. Likewise, in the roughly contemporary Norwegian Ynglingatal , Eadgils (Aðils) is called Onela's enemy (Ála[11] dólgr), which likewise suggests that the conflict was familiar to the skald and his audience.
The tradition of Eadgils and Onela resurfaces in several Old Norse works in prose and poetry, and another matter also appears: the animosity between Eadgils and Hrólfr Kraki , who corresponds to Hroðulf in Beowulf.
Ynglingatal
The skaldic poem Ynglingatal is a poetic recital of the line of the Yngling clan . They are also called Skilfingar in the poem (in stanza 19), a name that appears in its Anglo-Saxon form Scylfingas in Beowulf when referring to Eadgils' clan. It is presented as composed by Þjóðólfr of Hvinir by Snorri Sturluson in the Ynglinga saga.
Although its age has been debated, most scholars hold to date from the 9th century[12]. It survives in two versions: one is found in the Norwegian historical work Historia Norvegiæ in Latin , and the other one in Snorri Sturluson 's Ynglinga saga , a part of his Heimskringla . It presents Aðils (Eadgils) as the successor of Óttarr (Ohthere ) and the predecessor of Eysteinn . The stanza on Aðils refers to his accidental death when he fell from his horse:
Note that Eadgils' animosity with Onela also appears in Ynglingatal as Aðils is referred to as Ole's deadly foe (Ála dólgr). This animosity is treated in more detail in the Skjöldunga saga and Skáldskaparmál , which follow.
The Historia Norwegiæ , which is a terse summary in Latin of Ynglingatal, only states that Eadgils fell from his horse and died during the sacrifices. In this Latin translation, the Dísir are rendered as the Roman goddess Diana :
Cujus filius Adils vel Athisl ante ædem Dianæ, dum idolorum, sacrificia fugeret, equo lapsus exspiravit. Hic genuit Eustein, [...][15] His son Adils gave up the ghost after falling from his horse before the temple of Diana, while he was performing the sacrifices made to idols. He became sire to Øystein, [...][16] The same information is found the Swedish Chronicle from the mid-15th century, which calls him Adhel. It is probably based on the Ynglingatal tradition and says that he fell from his horse and died while he worshipped his god.
Íslendingabók
In Íslendingabók from the early 12th century, Eadgils only appears as a name in the listing of the kings of the Yngling dynasty as Aðísl at Uppsala . The reason what that the author, Ari Þorgilsson , traced his ancestry from Eadgils, and its line of succession is the same as that of Ynglingatal.
i Yngvi Tyrkjakonungr. ii Njörðr Svíakonungr. iii Freyr. iiii Fjölnir. sá er dó at Friðfróða. v Svegðir. vi Vanlandi. vii Visburr. viii Dómaldr. ix Dómarr. x Dyggvi. xi Dagr. xii Alrekr. xiii Agni. xiiii Yngvi. xv Jörundr. xvi Aun inn gamli. xvii Egill Vendilkráka. xviii Óttarr. xix Aðísl at Uppsölum. xx Eysteinn. xxi Yngvarr. xxii Braut-Önundr. xxiii Ingjaldr inn illráði. xxiiii Óláfr trételgja...[17]
As can be seen it agrees with the earlier Ynglingatal and Beowulf in presenting Eadgils as the successor of Óttarr (Ohthere ).
Skjöldunga saga
The Skjöldunga saga was a Norse saga which is believed to have been written in the period 1180-1200. The original version is lost, but it survives in a Latin summary by Arngrímur Jónsson .
Arngrímur's summary relates that Eadgils, called Adillus, married Yrsa with whom he had the daughter Scullda . Some years later, the Danish king Helgo (Halga ) attacked Sweden and captured Yrsa, not knowing that she was his own daughter, the result of Helgo raping Olava, the queen of the Saxons . Helgo raped Yrsa as well and took her back to Denmark, where she bore the son Rolfo (Hroðulf ). After a few years, Yrsa's mother, queen Olava, came to visit her and told her that Helgo was her own father. In horror, Yrsa returned to Adillus, leaving her son behind. Helgo died when Rolfo was eight years old, and Rolfo succeeded him, and ruled together with his uncle Roas (Hroðgar ). Not much later, Roas was killed by his half-brothers Rærecus and Frodo, whereupon Rolfo became the sole king of Denmark.
In Sweden, Yrsa and Adillus married Scullda to the king of Öland , Hiørvardus/Hiorvardus/Hevardus (Heoroweard ). As her half-brother Rolfo was not consulted about this marriage, he was infuriated and he attacked Öland and made Hiørvardus and his kingdom tributary to Denmark.
After some time, there was animosity between king Adillus of Sweden and the Norwegian king Ale of Oppland . They decided to fight on the ice of Lake Vänern . Adillus won and took his helmet, chainmail and horse. Adillus won because he had requested Rolfo's aid against king Ale and Rolfo had sent him his berserkers. However, Adillus refused to pay the expected tribute for the help and so Rolfo came to Uppsala to claim his recompense. After surviving some traps, Rolfo fled with Adillus' gold, helped by his mother Yrsa. Seeing that the Swedish king and his men pursued him, Rolfo "sowed" the gold on the Fyrisvellir , so that the king's men would pick up the gold, instead of continuing the pursuit.
As can be seen, the Skjöldunga saga retells the story of Eadgils fighting his uncle Onela , but in this version Onela is no longer Eadgils' uncle, but a Norwegian king of Oppland . This change is generally considered to be a late confusion between the core province of the Swedes, Uppland , and its Norwegian namesake Oppland[18]. Whereas, Beowulf leaves the Danish court with the suspicion that Hroðulf (Rolfo Krage, Hrólfr Kraki) might claim the Danish throne for himself at the death of Hroðgar (Roas, Hróarr), it is exactly what he does in Scandinavian tradition. A notable difference is that, in Beowulf, Eadgils receives the help of the Geatish king Beowulf against Onela, whereas it is the Danish king Hroðulf who provides help in Scandinavian tradition.
Skáldskaparmál
Skáldskaparmál was written by Snorri Sturluson , c. 1220, in order to teach the ancient art of kennings to aspiring skalds . It presents Eadgils, called Aðils, in two sections.
Snorri also presents the story of Aðils and Hrólfr Kraki (Hroðulf ) in order to explain why gold was known by the kenning Kraki's seed. Snorri relates that Aðils was in war with a Norwegian king named Áli (Onela ), and they fought in the Battle on the Ice of Lake Vänern . Aðils was married to Yrsa , the mother of Hrólfr and so sent an embassy to Hrólfr asking him for help against Áli. He would receive three valuable gifts in recompense. Hrólfr was involved in a war against the Saxons and could not come in person but sent his twelve berserkers, including Böðvarr Bjarki . Áli died in the war, and Aðils took Áli's helmet Battle-boar and his horse Raven. The berserkers demanded three pounds of gold each in pay, and they demanded to choose the gifts that Aðils had promised Hrólfr, that is the two pieces of armour that nothing could pierce: the helmet battle-boar and the mailcoat Finn's heritage. They also wanted the famous ring Svíagris. Aðils considered the pay outrageous and refused.
When Hrólfr heard that Aðils refused to pay, he set off to Uppsala . They brought the ships to the river Fyris and rode directly to the Swedish king's hall at Uppsala with his twelve berserkers. Yrsa welcomed them and led them to their lodgings. Fires were prepared for them and they were given drinks. However, so much wood was heaped on the fires that the clothes started to burn away from their clothes. Hrólfr and his men had enough and threw the courtiers on the fire. Yrsa arrived and gave them a horn full of gold, the ring Svíagris and asked them to flee. As they rode over the Fyrisvellir , they saw Aðils and his men pursuing them. The fleeing men threw the gold on the plain so that the pursuers would stop to collect it. Aðils, however, continued the chase on his horse Slöngvir. Hrólfr then threw Svíagris and saw how Aðils stooped down to pick up the ring with his spear. Hrólfr exclaimed that he had seen the mightiest man in Sweden bend his back.
Ynglinga saga
The Ynglinga saga was written c. 1225 by Snorri Sturluson and he used Skjöldunga saga as a source when he told the story of Aðils[23]. Snorri relates that Aðils succeeded his father Óttar (Ohthere ) and betook himself to pillage the Saxons, whose king was Geirþjófr and queen Alof the Great. The king and consort were not at home, and so Aðils and his men plundered their residence at ease driving cattle and captives down to the ships. One of the captives was a remarkably beautiful girl named Yrsa , and Snorri writes that everyone was soon impressed with the well-mannered, pretty and intelligent girl. Most impressed was Aðils who made her his queen.
Some years later, Helgi (Halga ), who ruled in Lejre , attacked Sweden and captured Yrsa. As he did not know that Yrsa was his own daughter, he raped her, and took her back to Lejre , where she bore him the son Hrólfr kraki . When the boy was three years of age, Yrsa's mother, queen Alof of Saxony, came to visit her and told her that her husband Helgi was her own father. Horrified, Yrsa returned to Aðils, leaving her son behind, and stayed in Sweden for the rest of her life. When Hrólfr was eight years old, Helgi died during a war expedition and Hrólfr was proclaimed king.
Aðils waged a war against king Áli (Onela of Oppland , and they fought in the Battle on the Ice of Lake Vänern . Áli died in this battle. Snorri writes that there was a long account of this battle in the Skjöldunga Saga, which also contained an account of how Hrólf came to Uppsala and sowed gold on the Fyrisvellir .
Snorri also relates that Aðils loved good horses and had the best horses in his days (interestingly, the contemporary Gothic scholar Jordanes noted that the Swedes were famed for their good horses). One horse was named Slöngvi and another one Raven, which he had taken from Áli. From this horse he had bred a horse also named Raven which he sent to king Godgest of Hålogaland , but Godgest could not manage it and fell from it and died, in Omd on the island of Andøya . Aðils himself died in a similar way at the Dísablót . Aðils was riding around the Disa shrine when Raven stumbled and fell, and the king was thrown forward and hit his skull on a stone. The Swedes called him a great king and buried him at Uppsala . He was succeeded by Eysteinn
Hrólfr Kraki's saga
Hrólfr Kraki's saga is believed to have been written in the period c. 1230 - c. 1450[24]. Helgi and Yrsa lived happily together as husband and wife, not knowing that Yrsa was Helgi's daughter. Yrsa's mother queen Oluf travelled to Denmark to tell her daughter the truth. Yrsa was shocked and although Helgi wanted their relationship to remain as it was, Yrsa insisted on leaving him to live alone. She was later taken by the Swedish king Aðils as his queen, which made Helgi even more unhappy. Helgi went to Uppsala to fetch her, but was killed by Aðils in battle. In Lejre , he was succeeded by his son Hrólfr Kraki .
After some time, Böðvarr Bjarki encouraged Hrólfr to go Uppsala to claim the gold that Aðils had taken from Helgi after the battle. Hrólfr departed with 120 men and his twelve beserkers and during a rest they were tested by a farmer called Hrani (Odin in disguise) who advised Hrólfr to send back all his troops but his twelve beserkers, as numbers would not help him against Aðils.
They were at first well received, but in his hall, Aðils did his best to stop Hrólfr with pit traps and hidden warriors who attacked the Danes. Finally Aðils entertained them but put them to a test where they had to endure immense heat by a fire. Hrólfr and his beserkers finally had enough and threw the courtiers, who were feeding the fire, into the fire and lept at Aðils. The Swedish king disappeared through a hollow tree trunk that stood in his hall.
Yrsa admonished Aðils for wanting to kill her son, and went to meet the Danes. She gave them a man named Vöggr to entertain them. This Vöggr remarked that Hrólfr had the thin face of a pole ladder, a Kraki. Happy with his new cognomen Hrólfr gave Vöggr a golden ring, and Vöggr swore to avenge Hrólfr if anyone should kill him. Hrólfr and his company were then attacked by a troll in the shape of a boar in the service of Aðils, but Hrólfr's dog Gram killed it.
They then found out that Aðils had set the hall on fire, and so they broke out of the hall, only to find themselves surrounded by heavily armed warriors in the street. After a fight, king Aðils retreated to summon reinforcements.
Yrsa then provided her son with a silver drinking horn filled with gold and jewels and a famous ring, Svíagris. Then she gave Hrólf and his men twelve of the Swedish king's best horses, and all the armour and provisions they needed.
Hrólfr took a fond farewell of his mother and departed over the Fyrisvellir . When they saw Aðils and his warriors in pursuit, they spread the gold behind themselves. Aðils saw his precious Svíagris on the ground and stooped to pick it up with his spear, whereupon Hrólf cut his back with his sword and screamed in triumph that he had bent the back of the most powerful man in Sweden.
Danish sources
Chronicon Lethrense and Annales Lundenses
The Chronicon Lethrense (and the included Annales Lundenses) tell that when the Danish kings Helghe (Halga ) and Ro (Hroðgar ) were dead, the Swedish king Hakon/Athisl[25] forced the Daner to accept a dog as king. The dog king was succeeded by Rolf Krage (Hrólfr Kraki ).
Gesta Danorum
The Gesta Danorum (book 2), by Saxo Grammaticus , tells that Helgo (Halga ) repelled a Swedish invasion, killed the Swedish king Hothbrodd , and made the Swedes pay tribute. However, he committed suicide due to shame for his incestuous relationship with Urse (Yrsa ), and his son Roluo (Hrólfr Kraki ) succeeded him.
The new king of Sweden, Athislus, thought that the tribute to the Daner might be smaller if he married the Danish king's mother and so took Urse for a queen. However, after some time, Urse was so upset with the Swedish king's greediness that she thought out a ruse to run away from the king and at the same time liberate him of his wealth. She encited Athislus to rebell against Roluo, and arranged so that Roluo would be invited and promised a wealth in gifts.
At the banquet Roluo was at first not recognised by his mother, but when their fondness was commented on by Athisl, the Swedish king and Roluo made a wager where Roluo would prove his endurance. Roluo was placed in front of a fire that exposed him to such heat that finally a maiden could suffer the sight no more and extinguished the fire. Roluo was greatly recompensed by Athisl for his endurance.
When the banquet had lasted for three days, Urse and Roluo escaped from Uppsala, early in the morning in carriages where they had put all the Swedish king's treasure. In order to lessen their burden, and to occupy any pursuing warriors they spread gold in their path (later in the work, this is referred to as "sowing the Fyrisvellir "), although there was a rumour that she only spread gilded copper. When Athislus, who was pursuing the escapers saw that a precious ring was lying on the ground, he bent down to pick it up. Roluo was pleased to see the king of Sweden bent down, and escaped in the ships with his mother.
Roluo later defeated Athislus and gave Sweden to young man named Hiartuar (Heoroweard ), who also married Roluo's sister Skulde . When Athislus learnt that Hiartuar and Skulde had killed Roluo, he celebrated the occasion, but he drank so much that he killed himself.
Archaeology
According to Snorri Sturluson , Eadgils was buried in one of the royal mounds of Gamla Uppsala , and he is believed to be buried in Adils' Mound (also known as the Western mound or Thor's mound) one of the largest mounds at Uppsala . An excavation in this mound showed that a man was buried there c. 575 on a bear skin with two dogs and rich grave offerings. There were luxurious weapons and other objects, both domestic and imported, show that the buried man was very powerful. These remains include a Frankish sword adorned with gold and garnets and a board game with Roman pawns of ivory . He was dressed in a costly suit made of Frankish cloth with golden threads, and he wore a belt with a costly buckle. There were four cameos from the Middle East which were probably part of a casket. The finds show the distant contacts of the House of Yngling in the 6th century.
Snorri's account that Adils had the best horses of his days, and Jordanes' account that the Swedes of the 6th century were famed for their horses find support in archaeology. This time was the beginning of the Vendel Age , a time characterised by the appearance of stirrups and a powerful mounted warrior elite in Sweden, which rich graves in for instance Valsgärde and Vendel .
Eadgils married Yrsa , of Saxony [Legendary].126
The child from this marriage was:
+ 145 M i. Eysteinn King in Sweden [Semi-Legendary] 1 127 was born about 600 in Sweden.
20th Generation 117. Matilda of Flanders 91 92 (Adele Capet, Princess of France92, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1032 in Flanders, died on 2 Nov 1083 in Caen, Normandy, France about age 51, and was buried in Abbaye aux Dames, Caen, Normandy, France.
Birth Notes: Ancestral Roots gives both abt. 1031 and 1032.
Death Notes: Ancestral Roots gives 1 Nov 1083 and 2 Nov 1083.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Matilda of Flanders :
Matilda of Flanders (c. 1031 - 2 November 1083) was Queen consort of the Kingdom of England and the wife of William I the Conqueror .
She was the daughter of Baldwin V, Count of Flanders , and Adèle (1000-1078/9), daughter of Robert II of France .
At 4'2" (127 cm) tall, Matilda was England's smallest queen, according to the Guinness Book of Records . According to legend, Matilda (or "Maud") told the representative of William, Duke of Normandy (later king of England as William the Conqueror), who had come asking for her hand, that she was far too high-born (being descended from King Alfred the Great of England) to consider marrying a bastard. When that was repeated to him, William rode from Normandy to Bruges , found Matilda on her way to church, dragged her off her horse by her long braids, threw her down in the street in front of her flabbergasted attendants, and then rode off. Another version of the story states that William rode to Matilda's father's house in Lille, threw her to the ground in her room (again, by the braids), and hit her (or violently shook her) before leaving. Naturally Baldwin took offense at this but, before they drew swords, Matilda settled the matter [1] by deciding to marry him, and even a papal ban (on the grounds of consanguinity ) did not dissuade her. They were married in 1053.
There were rumours that Matilda had been in love with the English ambassador to Flanders , a Saxon named Brihtric, who declined her advances. Whatever the truth of the matter, years later when she was acting as Regent for William in England, she used her authority to confiscate Brihtric's lands and throw him into prison, where he died.
When William was preparing to invade England, Matilda outfitted a ship, the Mora, out of her own money and gave it to him. For many years it was thought that she had some involvement in the creation of the Bayeux Tapestry (commonly called La Tapisserie de la Reine Mathilde in French), but historians no longer believe that; it seems to have been commissioned by William's half-brother Odo, Bishop of Bayeux , and made by English artists in Kent .
Matilda bore William eleven children, and he was believed to have been faithful to her, at least up until the time their son Robert rebelled against his father and Matilda sided with Robert against William. After she died, in 1083 at the age of 51, William became tyrannical, and people blamed it on his having lost her. Contrary to the belief that she was buried at St. Stephen's, also called l'Abbaye-aux-Hommes in Caen , Normandy , where William was eventually buried, she is intombed at l'Abbaye aux Dames , which is the Sainte-Trinité church, also in Caen. Of particular interest is the 11th century slab, a sleek black stone decorated with her epitaph, marking her grave at the rear of the church. It is of special note since the grave marker for William was replaced as recently as the beginning of the 19th century. In 1961, their graves were opened and their bones measured, proving their physical statures. [2]
Children
Some doubt exists over how many daughters there were. This list includes some entries which are obscure.
Robert Curthose (c. 1054 - 1134), Duke of Normandy, married Sybil of Conversano , daughter of Geoffrey of Conversano
Adeliza (or Alice) (c. 1055 - ?), reportedly betrothed to Harold II of England (Her existence is in some doubt.)
Cecilia (or Cecily) (c. 1056 - 1126), Abbess of Holy Trinity, Caen
William Rufus (1056 - 1100), King of the English
Richard, Duke of Bernay (1057 - c. 1081), killed by a stag in New Forest
Adela (c. 1062 - 1138), married Stephen, Count of Blois
Agatha (c. 1064 - c. 1080), betrothed to (1) Harold of Wessex , (2) Alfonso VI of Castile
Constance (c. 1066 - 1090), married Alan IV Fergent , Duke of Brittany ; poisoned, possibly by her own servants
Matilda (very obscure, her existence is in some doubt)
Henry Beauclerc (1068-1135), King of England, married (1) Edith of Scotland , daughter of Malcolm III, King of Scotland , (2) Adeliza of Louvain
NOTE:
Gundred (c. 1063 - 1085), wife of William de Warenne (c. 1055 - 1088), was formerly thought of as being yet another of Matilda's daughters, with speculation that she was William I's full daughter, a stepdaughter, or even a foundling or adopted daughter. However, this connection to William I has now been firmly debunked--see Gundred's discussion page for further information.
Matilda married William the Conqueror , Duke of Normandy, King of England,118 son of Robert I , Duke of Normandy and Harlette de Falaise, in 1053 in Cathedral de Notre Dame, Normandie, France. William was born about 1028 in Falaise, Normandy, France and died on 9 Sep 1087 in Rouen, Normandy, France about age 59.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 146 M i. Henry I "Beauclerc" King of England 128 129 was born between May 1068 and May 1069 in <Selby, Yorkshire>, England and died on 1 Dec 1135 in St. Denis-le-Fermont, France.
+ 147 F ii. Adela of Normandy 130 131 was born between 1062 and 1067 and died about 8 Mar 1137.
118. Robert I Count of Flanders 93 94 (Adele Capet, Princess of France92, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born between 1029 and 1035 and died on 13 Oct 1093 in Kassel.
Birth Notes: Wikipedia has b. 1033.
Death Notes: May have died on 3 Oct 1093.
Research Notes: Second son of Baldwin V of Flanders. Second husband of Gertrude of Saxony.
From Wikipedia - Robert I, Count of Flanders :
Robert I of Flanders (1029/1032 - 13 October 1093 in Kassel ), known as Robert the Frisian, was count of Flanders from 1071 to 1092.
History
He was the younger son of Baldwin V of Flanders and Adèle , a daughter of King Robert II of France .
Robert was originally intended to secure the northern borders of Flanders by his marriage to Gertrude of Saxony , Dowager Countess of Holland, but after his brother's death in 1070 he displaced his nephews and became count of Flanders.
Family
By Gertrude of Saxony he had five children:
Count of Flanders
Robert's nephew Arnulf III (son of Baldwin VI of Flanders ) succeeded his father in 1070 and was supported by his mother Richilde, Countess of Mons and Hainaut . However, Robert challenged Arnulf's succession to the throne of Flanders and began rallying support mainly in northern Flanders (where the bulk of Arnulf's forces were located). Arnulf's ranks contained individuals such as Count Eustace II of Boulogne , Count Eustace III of Boulogne , and Godfrey of Bouillon .
Moreover, Arnulf was supported by King Philip I of France since Philip's aunt, Adela , married Baldwin V of Flanders . A contingent of ten Norman knights led by William FitzOsborn were among the forces sent by Philip to aid Arnulf. Robert's forces attacked Arnulf's numerically superior army at Cassel before it could organize. Arnulf himself was killed along with William FitzOsborn while Richilde was captured by Robert's forces. However, Robert himself was captured by Eustace II. Ultimately, Richilde was exchanged for Robert's freedom.[1] As a result of the battle Robert became count of Flanders.
Robert married Gertrude , of Saxony,132 133 daughter of Bernard II , Duke in Saxony and Eilika , of Schweinfurt, in 1063. Gertrude was born about 1030 and died on 4 Aug 1113 about age 83.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 148 F i. Gertrude of Flanders 134 was born about 1070 and died in 1117 about age 47.
119. Judith of Normandy 95 (Adele Capet, Princess of France92, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born in 1028 and died on 4 Mar 1094 at age 66.
Judith married Tostig , Earl of Northumbria.135 Tostig died on 25 Sep 1066.
Judith next married Welf IV , Duke of Bavaria 136 in 1071. Welf died on 6 Nov 1101.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 149 M i. Henry I Duke of Bavaria 137 was born in 1074 and died on 13 Dec 1126 at age 52.
120. Hugues de Dammartin, Count of Dammartin 65 96 (Constance Capet93, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1042 in <Dammartin-en-Goele, Seine-et-Marne>, France and died in 1103 about age 61.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Dammartin-en-Goële :
History
Dammartin is historically important as the seat of a county of which the holders played a considerable part in French history . The earliest recorded count of Dammartin was a certain Hugh, who made himself master of the town in the 10th century; but his dynasty was replaced by another family in the 11th century. Reynald I (Renaud ), count of Dammartin (d. 1227), who was one of the coalition crushed by King Philip Augustus at the battle of Bouvines (1214), left two co-heiresses, of whom the elder, Maud (Matilda or Mahaut), married Philip Hurepel , son of Philip Augustus, and the second, Alix, married Jean de Trie , in whose line the county was reunited after the death of Philip Hurepel's son Alberic. The county passed, through heiresses, to the houses of Fayel and Nanteuil , and in the 15th century was acquired by Antoine de Chabannes (d. 1488), one of the favorites of King Charles VII , by his marriage with Marguerite, heiress of Reynald V of Nanteuil-Aci and Marie of Dammartin. This Antoine de Chabannes, count of Dammartin in right of his wife, fought under the standard of Joan of Arc , became a leader of the Ecorcheurs , took part in the war of the public weal against Louis XI , and then fought for him against the Burgundians . The collegiate church at Dammartin was founded by him in 1480, and his tomb and effigy are in the chancel.
His son, Jean de Chabannes , left three heiresses, of whom the second left a daughter who brought the county to Philippe de Boulainvilliers , by whose heirs it was sold in 1554 to the dukes of Montmorency . In 1632 the county was confiscated by Louis XIII and bestowed on the princes of Conde .
Hugues married Roaide , Countess of Bulles.65 Roaide was born about 1046 in Bulles, Oise, France.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 150 F i. Aelis de Dammartin 105 was born about 1084 in Dammartin-en-Goele, Seine-et-Marne, France.
121. Hugh Magnus of Vermandois and Valois, Duke of France 99 100 (Henry I , of France95, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born in 1057 and died on 18 Oct 1102 in Tarsus, Cilicia, (Turkey) at age 45.
Death Notes: Died on crusade.
Research Notes: Duke of France and Burgundy, Marquis of Orleans, Count of Amiens, Chaumont, Paris, Valois, and Vermandois. He was a leader of the First Crusade.
First husband of Adelaide de Vermandois.
From Wikipedia - Hugh of Vermandois :
Hugh of Vermandois (1053 - October 18 , 1101 ), was son to King Henry I of France and Anne of Kiev , and the younger brother of King Philip I of France . He was in his own right Count of Vermandois . William of Tyre called him "Hugh Magnus", Hugh the Great, but he was an ineffectual leader and soldier, great only in his boasting. Indeed, Sir Steven Runciman is certain that "Magnus" is a copyist's error, and should be "minus", "the younger" (referring to Hugh as younger brother of the King of France).
In early 1096 Hugh and Philip began discussing the First Crusade after news of the Council of Clermont reached them in Paris . Although Philip could not participate, as he had been excommunicated , Hugh was said to have been influenced to join the Crusade after an eclipse of the moon on February 11 , 1096.
That summer Hugh's army left France for Italy , where they would cross the Adriatic Sea into territory of the Byzantine Empire , unlike the other Crusader armies who were travelling by land. On the way, many of the soldiers led by fellow Crusader Emicho joined Hugh's army after Emicho was defeated by the Hungarians , whose land he had been pillaging. Hugh crossed the Adriatic from Bari in Southern Italy , but many of his ships were destroyed in a storm off the Byzantine port of Dyrrhachium .
Hugh and most of his army was rescued and escorted to Constantinople , where they arrived in November of 1096. Prior to his arrival, Hugh sent an arrogant, insulting letter to Eastern Roman Emperor Alexius I Comnenus , according to the Emperor's biography by his daughter (the Alexiad), demanding that Alexius meet with him:
"Know, O King, that I am King of Kings, and superior to all, who are under the sky. You are now permitted to greet me, on my arrival, and to receive me with magnificence, as befits my nobility."
Alexius was already wary of the armies about to arrive, after the unruly mob led by Peter the Hermit had passed through earlier in the year. Alexius kept Hugh in custody in a monastery until Hugh swore an oath of vassalage to him.
After the Crusaders had successfully made their way across Seljuk territory and, in 1098 , captured Antioch , Hugh was sent back to Constantinople to appeal for reinforcements from Alexius. Alexius was uninterested, however, and Hugh, instead of returning to Antioch to help plan the siege of Jerusalem , went back to France. There he was scorned for not having fulfilled his vow as a Crusader to complete a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and Pope Paschal II threatened to excommunicate him. He joined the minor Crusade of 1101 , but was wounded in battle with the Turks in September, and died of his wounds in October in Tarsus .
Family and children
He married Adele of Vermandois, the daughter of Herbert IV of Vermandois and Adele of Valois .They had nine children:
Count Raoul I of Vermandois
Henry, senior of Chaumont-en-Vexin , (d. 1130 ).
Simon, Bishop of Noyon
Elizabeth de Vermandois , married
Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester ;
William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey
Matilde de Vermandois, married Raoul I of Beaugency
Constance de Vermandois, married Godefroy de la Ferte-Gaucher
Agnes de Vermandois, married Margrave Boniface del Vasto . Mother of Adelaide del Vasto .
Beatrix de Vermandois, married Hugh III of Gournay-en-Bray
Emma de Vermandois
Hugh married Adelaide de Vermandois, Countess of Vermandois and Valois,138 139 140 daughter of Herbert IV , Count of Vermandois and Valois and Adela , of Valois and Vexin, before 1080. Adelaide was born about 1065 in <Valois, Île-de-France, France> and died on 28 Sep 1120 in <Vermandois> about age 55.
Marriage Notes: After 1067 and before 1080?
FamilySearch has m. abt 1064.
Death Notes: Possibly d. 1124
Children from this marriage were:
+ 151 F i. Isabel de Vermandois, Countess of Leicester 138 141 was born about 1081 in <Valois, Île-de-France, France>, died on 13 Feb 1131 in England about age 50, and was buried in Lewes, Sussex, England.
+ 152 M ii. Raoul I Count of Vermandois
+ 153 M iii. Henry of Chaumont-en-Vexin died in 1130.
+ 154 M iv. Simon Bishop of Noyon
+ 155 F v. Matilde de Vermandois
+ 156 F vi. Constance de Vermandois
+ 157 F vii. Agnes de Vermandois
+ 158 F viii. Beatrix de Vermandois
+ 159 F ix. Emma de Vermandois
122. Philip I of France (Henry I , of France95, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born on 23 May 1052 and died on 30 Jul 1108 at age 56.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Anne of Kiev:
Philip (May 23 , 1052 - July 30 , 1108 ) - Anne is credited with bringing the name Philip to Western Europe . She imported this Greek name (Philippos, from philos (love) and hippos (horse), meaning "the one that love horses") from her Eastern Orthodox culture.
123. Robert (Henry I , of France95, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1055 and died about 1060 about age 5.
Research Notes: Source: Anne of Kiev. Died in childhood
124. Emma 101 (Henry I , of France95, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born in 1054.
125. Henry of Burgundy 103 104 105 (Robert "the Old" , Duke of Burgundy96, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1035 in <Bourgogne, Champagne>, France and died about 1071 about age 36.
Death Notes: Ancestral Roots has d. 27 Jan. 1066/7 and d. 27 Jan.1066/1074. Wikipedia has d. abt. 1071.
Research Notes: His wife was NOT named Sibylle of Barcelona, daughter of Berenger Ramon I, according to Wikipedia.
From Wikipedia - Henry of Burgundy :
Henry of Burgundy (1035 - c. 1071 ) was the son and heir of Robert I , duke of Burgundy . He died shortly before his father and failed to succeed in Burgundy. The name of his wife is unknown (that it was Sibil has been discredited) as is her origin, although a connection to the Counts of Barcelona has been hypothesized. Their children were:
Noted events in his life were:
• "Le damoiseau de Bourgogne":
Henry married < > , [Not Sibylle of Barcelona].
Children from this marriage were:
+ 160 M i. Hugh I Duke of Burgundy was born in 1057 and died in 1093 at age 36.
+ 161 M ii. Eudes I Duke of Burgundy 142 143 was born about 1058 and died on 23 Mar 1103 in Cilicia about age 45.
+ 162 M iii. Robert Bishop of Langres was born in 1059 and died in 1111 at age 52.
+ 163 F iv. Beatrice of Burgundy 144 was born about 1063 and died after 1110.
+ 164 M v. Reginald Abbot of St. Pierre was born in 1065 and died in 1092 at age 27.
+ 165 M vi. Henry of Burgundy, Count of Portugal 105 145 146 was born in 1069 in <Bourgogne, Champagne>, France and died on 1 Nov 1112 at age 43.
+ 166 F vii. Helie
126. Constance of Burgundy 106 107 (Robert "the Old" , Duke of Burgundy96, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born in 1046 and died in 1092 at age 46.
Death Notes: Wikipedia has d. 1093
Research Notes: Second wife of Alfonso VI.
From Wikipedia - Constance of Burgundy :
Constance of Burgundy (1046 - 1093), was the daughter of Duke Robert I of Burgundy and Helie de Semur-en-Brionnais .
She built a monastery in Burgos for Adelelmus in 1079. She married Alfonso VI of Castile on May 8 , 1079 . They had two children:
Constance married Alfonso VI "the Brave" , of Castile, King of Castile and Leon,105 147 148 son of Ferdinand I , King of Castile and Léon and Sancha , Princess of Léon, in 1081. Alfonso was born before Jun 1040 in <Burgos, Castile>, Spain and died on 29 Jun 1109 in Toledo, Castile, Spain.
Birth Notes: Ancestral Roots has b. 1039
The child from this marriage was:
+ 167 F i. Urraca of Castile, Queen of Castile and Léon 51 149 150 was born about 1082 in <Burgos, Castile>, Spain and died on 8 Mar 1126 in Saldana, Palencia, Spain about age 44.
127. William I Count of Nevers 112 (Adèle , of France, Countess of Auxerre98, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1030 and died on 20 Jun 1100 about age 70.
William married Ermengarde,151 daughter of Renaud , Count of Tonnerre and Unknown.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 168 M i. Renaud II de Nevers, Count of Nevers and Auxerre 152 153 was born about 1047 in <Nevers, Nievre>, France and died on 5 Aug 1089 about age 42.
128. Beatrix of Hainaut 114 (Régnier V , Count of Hainaut99, Hedwig , of France76, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 998 in <Hainaut, Belgium>.
Beatrix married Ebles I , Count of Rheims & Roucy, Archbishop of Rheims,154 155 son of Giselbert , Count of Roucy and Unknown. Ebles was born about 980 in <Roucy, Marne, France> and died on 11 May 1033 about age 53.
Birth Notes: http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f001/f93/a0019300.htm has b. 994.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 169 F i. Adele de Roucy 156 157 was born about 1014 in <Roucy, Aisne, France> and died about 1062 about age 48.
Beatrix next married Manasses Calva Asina de Rameru,65 son of Hilduin II de Rameru and Unknown. Manasses was born about 1010 in <Dammartin-en-Goele, Seine-et-Marne>, France and died on 15 Nov 1057 in Bar-le-Duc, Meuse, Lorraine, France about age 47.
Death Notes: Was killed during the Siege of Bar-le-Duc.
129. Alice of Normandy 5 116 (Richard III, Duke of Normandy100, Richard II, Duke of Normandy78, Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1021 in <Normandy, France>.
Research Notes: Illegitimate daughter of Richard III.
Alice married Ranulph I , Vicomte of the Bessin,5 158 son of Anschitil , Vicomte of the Bessin and Unknown. Ranulph was born about 1017 in <Bayeux, Calvados, Normandy, France>.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 170 M i. Ranulph II Vicomte of Bayeux in Normandy 5 159 160 was born about 1048 in <Normandy, France> and died after Apr 1089.
130. Guillaume I de Bourgogne 51 117 (Adelais , de Normandie101, Richard II, Duke of Normandy78, Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1040 in <Bourgogne, Champagne>, France and died on 12 Nov 1087 in France about age 47.
Death Notes: FamilySearch has d. 11 Nov 1087
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 132-24
Guillaume married Stephanie , de Longwy 65 161 between 1049 and 1057. Stephanie was born about 1035 in <Longwy, Meurthe-et-Moselle>, France and died after 1088.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 171 M i. Raymond of Burgundy, Count of Amous 162 163 was born about 1060 in <Dijon>, France and died on 26 Mar 1107 in Grajal do Campos, Léon, Spain about age 47.
+ 172 F ii. Gisele of Burgundy 105 164 was born about 1070 in <Bourgogne, Champagne, France> and died after 1133.
+ 173 F iii. Sibylle of Burgundy-Ivrea 165 died after 1103.
+ 174 F iv. Ermentrude of Burgundy 65 166 was born about 1060 in Burgundy, France and died after 8 Mar 1105.
131. William the Conqueror Duke of Normandy, King of England 118 (Robert I, Duke of Normandy102, Richard II, Duke of Normandy78, Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1028 in Falaise, Normandy, France and died on 9 Sep 1087 in Rouen, Normandy, France about age 59.
Research Notes: Wikipedia (William the Conqueror) gives b. in 1027 or 1028. Where did the 14 Oct 1024 date come from?
Also familysearch.org (Kevin Bradford) - has b. 1027 in Falaise, France, d. 9 sep 1087 in Rouen, France.
William married Matilda , of Flanders,91 92 daughter of Baldwin V , de Lille, Count of Flanders and Adele Capet, Princess of France, in 1053 in Cathedral de Notre Dame, Normandie, France. Matilda was born about 1032 in Flanders, died on 2 Nov 1083 in Caen, Normandy, France about age 51, and was buried in Abbaye aux Dames, Caen, Normandy, France.
Birth Notes: Ancestral Roots gives both abt. 1031 and 1032.
Death Notes: Ancestral Roots gives 1 Nov 1083 and 2 Nov 1083.
(Duplicate Line. See Person 117)
132. Adelaide of Normandy, Countess of Aumale 119 120 (Robert I, Duke of Normandy102, Richard II, Duke of Normandy78, Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1030 and died between 1081 and 1090.
Research Notes: Sister of William I the Conqueror.
Adelaide married Enguerrand II , Count of Ponthieu, son of Hugh II , Count of Pontieu and Bertha , of Aumale. Enguerrand died in 1053 in Arques.
Death Notes: Slain at Battle of Arques
The child from this marriage was:
+ 175 F i. Judith of Lens 40 167 168 was born in 1054 in <Lens, Artois>, France.
Adelaide next married Lambert , of Boulogne, Count of Lens in Artois. Lambert died in 1054 in Lille, France.
Death Notes: Slain in the Battle of Lille
Adelaide next married Eudes , Count of Champagne and Aumale, Earl of Holderness.169
133. Richard I FitzGilbert, of Clare and Tonbridge 26 122 123 (Giselbert "Crispin" de103, Geoffrey, Count of Eu & Count of Brionne79, Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born in 1030 in <Bienfaite>, Normandy, France, was christened in Brionne, Normandy, France, died before Apr 1088 in <Huntingdonshire, England>, and was buried in St. Neot's, Huntingdonshire, England.
Birth Notes: FamilySearch has b. abt 1024, Bienfaite, Normandy, France.
Death Notes: Ancestral Roots, line 130-27 (Maud de St. Liz) has d. abt. 1090; line 184-2 has d. bef Apr 1088.
http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f001/f95/a0019582.htm has d. 1090 in Huntingdon, England.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Richard Fitz Gilbert :
Richard FitzGilbert (c. 1030 - 1090), was a Norman lord who participated in the Norman conquest of England in 1066. He was the founder of the English noble family, the de Clares .
Victor at Hastings
Known as "de Bienfaite", "de Clare", and "de Tonbridge", he accompanied his reputed kinsman William, Duke of Normandy into England . He served at the Battle of Hastings , and assisted William in subduing the Anglo-Saxons .
Rewards
He was rewarded with 176 lordships and large grants of land in England, including the right to build the castles of Clare and of Tonbridge . Richard Fitz Gilbert took the name Earl of Clare from one of his lordships in Suffolk , where parts of the wall of Clare Castle still stand.
He served as Joint Chief Justiciar in William's absence, and played a major part in suppressing the revolt of 1075.
Rebel Baron
On William 's death, Richard and other great Norman barons, including Odo of Bayeux , Robert, Count of Mortain , William fitzOsbern and Geoffrey of Coutances, led a rebellion against the rule of William Rufus in order to place Robert Curthose on the throne. However, most Normans in England remained loyal. William Rufus and his army successfully attacked the rebel strongholds at Tonbridge , Pevensey and Rochester .
Death and succession
He died in St. Neot's Priory in 1090. His land was inherited by his son, Gilbert Fitz Richard .
Family
He was the son of Gilbert "Crispin", Count of Brionne .
The reference listed below states that Richard's great grandfather was Richard I of Normandy . Richard's father is also sometimes listed as Robert I "the Devil" , father of William the Conqueror . Sources as far back as the Annals of the Four Masters claim that Richard's great-grandson, Richard "Strongbow", was the direct descendant of Robert "the Devil". Gilbert "Crispin" was a descendant of Robert's cousin, but not Robert himself.
The modern Irish county of County Clare was historically part of the North Munster Gaelic kingdom of Thomond , dominated by the O'Briens, Kings of Thomond. The region was granted to the De Clare family in 1275 and they became Lords of Thomond. When the boundaries of the modern County Clare were fixed by Sir Henry Sidney in 1565, it was named after the De Clares .
Surrey
Richard's Surrey lands had a value of £241: 30% of the value of his English lands. Within Surrey, Richard Fitz Gilbert owned manors in the following places: Albury , Beddington , Bletchingley , Buckland , Chelsham , Chessington , Chipstead , Chivington, Effingham , Apps in Elmbridge , Farleigh , Immerworth (Kingston upon Thames ), Long Ditton , Mickleham , Molesey , Ockley , Old Malden , Shalford , Streatham , Tandridge , Tolworth , Tooting , Walton-on-Thames , Warlingham , Tillingdon, and Woldingham .
Noted events in his life were:
• Seigneur of Bienfaite & Orbec, Normandy:
• Lord of Clare, Suffolk:
Richard married Rohese Giffard,170 171 daughter of Walter II Giffard, 1st Earl of Buckingham and Agnes Ribemont, about 1054. Rohese was born about 1034 in Longueville, Normandy, France and died after 1113.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 176 M i. Gilbert FitzRichard, de Clare 172 173 174 175 was born about 1065 in <Clare, Suffolk>, England and died about 1115 in <England> about age 50.
+ 177 M ii. Robert Fitz Richard, Lord of Little Dunmow, Essex 176 177 was born in 1064 and died about 1136 about age 72.
+ 178 F iii. Rohese FitzRichard de Clare 26 178 was born about 1055 in Tunbridge, Kent, England and died in 1121 in England about age 66.
134. Agnes d'Évreux 84 85 (Richard, Count of Évreux104, Robert II, Count of Évreux80, Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1030 in Évreux, Normandy, France.
Agnes married Simon I de Montfort,84 85 179 son of Amauri , Seigneur de Montfort and Bertrade de Gometz, about 1058 in Normandy, France. Simon was born about 1025 in Montfort L'Amaury, Île-de-France, France, died in 1087 about age 62, and was buried in Épernon, Normandy, France.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 179 F i. Bertrade de Montfort 180 was born about 1070 and died on 14 Feb 1117 in <Fontevraud Abbey> about age 47.
+ 180 M ii. Amaury de Montfort 84 was born about 1070 in <Montfort Amaury, Île-de-France, France> and died in 1137 about age 67.
135. Bernard de Neufmarché, Lord of Brecon 37 124 (Ada FitzGilbert, de Hugleville105, <Papia>81, Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1050 in Le-Neuf-Marché-en-Lions and died about 1125 about age 75.
Birth Notes: FamilySearch has b. abt 1070
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Bernard de Neufmarché :
Bernard of Neufmarché or Newmarket (c. 1050 - c. 1125) was "the first of the original conquerors of Wales ."[1] He was a minor Norman lord who rose to power in the Welsh Marches before successfully undertaking the invasion and conquest of the Kingdom of Brycheiniog between 1088 and 1095. Out of the ruins of the Welsh kingdom he created the Anglo-Norman lordship of Brecon .
Coming to England
Because Bernard's family had attachments to the monastery of Saint-Evroul-sur-Ouche , the monkish chronicler Orderic Vitalis of that foundation had special knowledge of him and his family, though this still does not reduce the general obscurity of his origins or his life when compared to the richer Marcher lords , like the great Roger of Montgomery .[2] Bernard was the son of the minor and incompetent Norman baron Geoffrey de Neufmarché and Ada de Heugelville,[3] and he was born at the castle of Le-Neuf-Marché-en-Lions on the frontier between Normandy and Beauvais .[4] His ancestors on his mother's side had founded the town of Aufay south of Dieppe on the Sie , while his paternal grandfather, Turketil had served the young William II of Normandy as a guardian and was killed in that capacity. On his mother's side he also descended from Richard II of Normandy .[5]
The question of Bernard's participation in the Battle of Hastings and therefore in the Norman Invasion is subject to debate.[4] While Bernard had close family connexions to the port of Saint-Valery-sur-Somme from which William's invading fleet launched, Bernard himself was not the ruler of that city and need not have been in the fleet. He had later connexions with Battle Abbey : he established a cell of that abbey in Brecon, but that may have been an analogous foundation intended to mark his conquest of Brycheiniog.[6] Bernard's peculiar absence from the Domesday Book more or less damns the case for his presence at Hastings, for it is impossible that a noble participant in the victorious battle should not have received land to be recorded in Domesday if he was still living in 1087.[6]
Rise to power
Bernard was finally rewarded by the king, then William II of Normandy, in 1086 or 1087. He received lands in Herefordshire and lands which had devolved to the crown with the deaths of Gilbert fitz Thorold and Alfred of Marlborough .[7] Gilbert's lands were concentrated in Herefordshire and included the manors of Bach , Middlewood , and Harewood in the Golden Valley and the castles of Dorstone , Snodhill , and Urishay connecting Clifford Castle to Ewyas Harold , which belonged to Alfred's lordship.[8] Among Bernard's acquisitions from Gilbert was the domus defensabilis of Eardisley . From Alfred he received Pembridge , Burghill , and Brinsop .[6] Of these it should be noted that Snodhill was not founded until the twelfth century and then became the caput of the honour of Chandos . Bernard was also established in Speen and Newbury in Berkshire and Brinsop and Burghill in Herefordshire sometime before 1079. Both these latter vills were held from his honour of Brecon in the twelfth century. Bernard's ommission from Domesday is especially peculiar there. It is possible that he had some kind of exemption.
Probably as a consequence of his rapid rise in the marches, Bernard attracted the attention of Osbern fitz Richard , who gave him his daughter, Agnes (Nest), whose mother was the Welsh princess Nest, daughter of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn and Edith of Mercia ,[3] in marriage sometime before 1099.[9] She brought with her a dowry of Berrington and Little Hereford .
All of Bernard's estates lay in the valley of the river Wye and along an old Roman road which led from Watling Street to Y Gaer and on into Brycheiniog. The military possibilities of that road could only have encouraged his subsequent ventures into Wales.[10]
Conquest of Brycheiniog
Bernard joined the rebellion of the marcher lords against William Rufus at Lent in 1088.[11] Bernard escaped without recorded punishment and the king probably conceded the marcher lords the right to expand their lands by conquest at the expense of the Welsh buffer kingdoms of Brycheiniog, Morgannwg , and Gwynllwg .[12] Shortly after the settlement with the king, Bernard spearheaded an invasion of Brycheiniog which was to lead eventually to its conquest. Before the end of the year, though, he had captured Glasbury , for he issued a charter for lands near that place to the abbey of Saint Peter's at Gloucester (Autumn 1088).[6]
The chronology of events at this juncture is often confused. Bernard may well have already been in power in Brycheiniog by 1088 if he had already inherited a claim to it after the defeat of Roger de Breteuil , Earl of Hereford , in 1075. In 1088 the king, William Rufus, confirmed a previous charter of Bernard's stating that he had already made an exchange "within his lordship of Brycheiniog" at Glasbury. He also already held Castell Dinas which had probably been built by the Earl of Hereford before 1075.
After the initial conquest of 1088, Bernard continued warring with Brycheiniog until 1090, probably supported by Richard fitz Pons , the lord of Clifford.[13] Talgarth was captured early and a castle was constructed at Bronllys where the rivers Dulais and Llyfni meet, a site probably central to the llys of the tywysog of the commote of Bronllys.[13] By 1091 Bernard had reached the valley of the Usk , which was at the centre of the kingdom which was to become his own principality.
There is some discrepancy in this description of events also. Richard Fitz Pons was lord of Llandovery , which he had reached probably through Glamorgan , already by 1088. Bronllys Castle may not have been built until 1144, when Roger Fitzmiles , Earl of Hereford, is first recorded granting it as a five knights' fee mesne barony to Walter de Clifford , son of Richard Fitz Pons.
According to much later accounts and reconstructions, the accuracy of which is very dubious but which contain some references to verifiable history, the king of Brycheiniog, Bleddyn ap Maenarch , allied with the king of Deheubarth , Rhys ap Tewdwr , in 1093 (or perhaps 1094) and tried to attack the forces of Bernard which were building a castle at Brecon on the Usk and Honddu in the centre of a great plain in his kingdom where several Roman viae met.[14] Bleddyn led a charge up the hill, but the Normans defeated the Welsh and Rhys was killed in battle. Brecknock Priory , which was later founded at the site of the battle, may have been built on the spot where Rhys supposedly fell.[15] Bleddyn died not long after and Bernard was able to advance over the whole of Brycheiniog.
Reliable historical records refer to no king of Brycheiniog after a Tewdwr ab Elise who died after 934. Certainly there is no contemporary reference to a Bleddyn ap Maenarch. The Welsh Bruts simply state that "Rhys ap Tewdwr, king of Deheubarth, was slain by the Frenchmen who were inhabiting Brycheiniog." This passage lends evidence to the belief that the conquest of Brycheiniog was mostly finished by Eastertide 1093 and that the main effect of the battle of Brecon was to open the way to the conquest of Deheubarth.
Pacification and administration of Brycheiniog
He followed the Usk down to Ystradyw and took it, which incited the bishops of Llandaff to protest because the annexation of Ystradyw removed it from their diocese and brought it into the lordship of Brecon, which was under the episcopal authority of Saint David's .[16] In Spring 1094, the southern Welsh rose in revolt against the Normans that had come to dominate them. Brycheiniog was unaffected and the Normans of that region launched a counterattack from Ystrad Tywy and Cantref Bychan which devastated Kidwelly and Gower but did not put down the revolt.[16] In 1095 it spread to Brycheiniog and the Welsh of the countryside, allied with their compatriots of Gwynllwg and Gwent took back control of the province while the Normans were forced into their fortified centres.
Two expeditions from Glamorgan came to the rescue of the garrisons of Brycheiniog. The first was crushed in battle at Celli Carnant , but the second defeated the rebels at Aber Llech .[17] What followed was the complete encastellation of Brycheiniog. Among the castles possibly built during Bernard's lordship to defend the entrances to Brycheiniog from the southeast were Tretower , Blaen Llyfni (not attested before 1207-1215), and Crickhowell .
Bernard also extensively enfeoffed his followers with Welsh land.[17] Richard fitz Pons may have been enfeoffed at Cantref Selyff on the western border of Brycheiniog and immediately he began in miniature the process whereby Bernard had come to rule Brycheiniog.[17] However, Richard's son Walter is the first recorded landholder at Cantref Selyff. Furthermore, Bernard enfeoffed the sons of the king he had displaced in the less habitable land, thereby creating a loyal Welsh aristocracy and extracting more out of his land than the Normans otherwise knew how to do.[18] The Normans lived predominantly in the valleys and lowlands in an agrarian society while the Welsh kept to the hills and mountains living pastorally, thus creating an overall economic gain.[19] Among Bleddyn's sons, Gwrgan received Blaen Llyfni and Aberllyfni while Caradog received an unnamed hill country, and Drymbenog, Bleddyn's brother, was given land neighbouring that of Richard fitz Pons.
Death and succession
By the time of his death around 1125, Bernard had established a flourishing borough around his castle of Brecon. Henry I had married Bernard's daughter Sybil to Miles Fitz Walter , the sheriff of Gloucestershire , in 1121 and passed a significant portion of Bernard's honour to him as a dowry, including Hay-on-Wye Castle.[20] According to Giraldus Cambrensis this was because Mahel de Neufmarché the son and heir of Bernard had mutilated the paramour of his mother. In vengeance his mother, Princess Nesta, swore to King Henry I that her son was illegitimate. Henry was therefore able by law and custom to pass over Mahel and give the land to his friend and confident Miles Fitz Walter with Bernard's legal heiress in marriage.
Bernard married Nesta,50 181 daughter of Osborn Fitz Richard, of Richard's Castle, Hereford and Nest verch Gruffydd. Nesta was born about 1079 in Herefordshire, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 181 F i. Sibyl de Neufmarché 50 182 was born about 1096 in <Aberconwy, Wales> and died after 1143 in Gloucestershire, England.
136. Gillebride 3 (Gille Adoman I Gilleson106, Hvarflad Hlodversdatter82, Hlodver, Earl of Orkney66, Thorfinn I Rollo "Hausakliffer"57, Einar "Torf", Earl of Orkney47, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1010 in <Scotland>.
Gillebride married someone.
+ 182 M i. Somerled I Gillebrideson 3 was born about 1030 in <Scotland>.
137. Paul Thorfinnsson, Jarl of Orkney and Caithness 5 (Thorfinn II "the Black", Earl of Orkney107, Sigurd II "Digri"83, Hlodver, Earl of Orkney66, Thorfinn I Rollo "Hausakliffer"57, Einar "Torf", Earl of Orkney47, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1040 in <Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland> and died in 1103 in Bergen, Hordaland, Norway about age 63.
Paul married Ragnhild Haakonsdatter,5 daughter of Haakon Ivarsson and Ragnhild Magnusdatter, Princess of Norway. Ragnhild was born about 1044 in <Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland>.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 183 M i. Haakon Paalsson 5 was born about 1070 in <Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland> and died in 1122 in Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland about age 52.
138. Ragnvald Brusesson 87 (Brusi108, Sigurd II "Digri"83, Hlodver, Earl of Orkney66, Thorfinn I Rollo "Hausakliffer"57, Einar "Torf", Earl of Orkney47, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1011 in <Orkney Islands, Scotland>, died in Dec 1046 in Papa Stronsay, Orkney Islands, Scotland about age 35, and was buried in Papa Westroy, Orkney, Scotland.
Death Notes: Killed
Ragnvald married Arlogia,87 daughter of Waldemar , Duke of Russia and Unknown, about 1034 in <Russia>. Arlogia was born about 1015 in <Russia>.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 184 M i. Robert de Brusse 87 was born about 1036 in <Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland> and died between 1080 and 1098.
139. Emma FitzOsbern 2 (Alice de Toeni109, Roger "the Spaniard" de84, Ralph II de, Seigneur de Tosni67, Ralph I de58, Hugh de48, Malahule39, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1059 in <Breteuil>, Normandy, France and died after 1095.
Emma married Ralph , Seigneur de Gael,2 son of Ralph , Earl of Norfolk and Unknown, in 1075 in Exning, <Suffolk>e, England. Ralph was born before 1040 in Gael, Brittany, France and died after 1095.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 185 M i. Ralph de Gael, 1st Earl of Norfolk, Suffolk & Cambridge
140. Ralph de Toeni, de Conches 40 (Ralph de, de Conches110, Roger "the Spaniard" de84, Ralph II de, Seigneur de Tosni67, Ralph I de58, Hugh de48, Malahule39, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1079 in <Flamsted, Hertfordshire>, England, died about 1126 in Conches, Seine-et-Marne, France about age 47, and was buried in Conches, Seine-et-Marne, France.
Ralph married Alice Huntingdon,40 167 daughter of Waltheof II , Earl of Northumberland and Judith , of Lens, in 1103 in England. Alice was born about 1085 in <Flamsted, Hertfordshire>, England and died after 1126.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 186 M i. Roger de Toeni, de Conches 40 was born about 1104 in <Flamsted, Hertfordshire>, England and died before 1162.
141. Ragnhild Magnusdatter, Princess of Norway 5 (Magnus I "the Good" Olafsson, King of Norway111, Olaf II "the Saint" Haraldsson, King of Norway85, Harald "Graenske" Gudrodsson68, Gudrod Bjornsson59, Bjorn "the Merchant" Haraldsson, Prince of Norway49, Svanhild Eysteinsdatter40, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1041 in <Norway>.
Ragnhild married Haakon Ivarsson,5 son of Ivar "Hvide" and Unknown, in 1062 in Norway. Haakon was born about 1031 in <Norway>.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 187 F i. Ragnhild Haakonsdatter 5 was born about 1044 in <Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland>.
142. Olaf "the White" Ingjaldsson, King of Ireland 3 (Ingjald "the White" Helgasson, Petty King in Ireland112, Thora Sigurdsdatter86, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson70, Aslaug Sigurdsdatter61, Brynhild Budlasdatter51, Budi42, Leinfni32, Attip27, Budli22, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 840 in <Dyflinni, Ireland> and died in 871 in Dublin, Dublin, Ireland about age 31.
Olaf married Aud "Deep Minded" Ketilsdatter 5 about 857 in Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Aud was born about 834 in <Raumsdal, Telemark, Norway> and died in 900 in Hvammi, Dala, Iceland about age 66.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 188 M i. Thorstein "the Red" Olafsson 3 was born about 858 in <Dublin, Dublin, Ireland> and died in 888 in Hvammi, Dala, Iceland about age 30.
143. Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark 40 125 (Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark113, Knud Sigurdsson87, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson70, Aslaug Sigurdsdatter61, Brynhild Budlasdatter51, Budi42, Leinfni32, Attip27, Budli22, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 910 in Denmark and died on 1 Nov 987 about age 77.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Harald I of Denmark :
Harald Bluetooth Gormson (Old Norse : 'Haraldr Blátönn', Danish : Harald Blåtand, Norwegian : Harald Blåtann, Swedish : Harald Blåtand) (born c. 935) was the son of King Gorm the Old and of Thyra Dannebod . He died in 985 or 986 having ruled as King of Denmark from around 958 and king of Norway for a few years probably around 970. Some sources state that his son Sweyn forcibly deposed him as king.
The Jelling stones
Harald Bluetooth caused the Jelling stones to be erected to honour his parents.[1] Encyclopedia Britannica (Britannica) considers the runic inscriptions as the most well known in Denmark.[2] The biography of Harald Bluetooth is summed up by this runic inscription from the Jelling stones:
"Harald, king, bade these memorials to be made after Gorm, his father, and Thyra, his mother. The Harald who won the whole of Denmark and Norway and turned the Danes to Christianity."
Conversion and Christianisation of Denmark
The conversion of the Danes or, rather, the conversion of King Harald Bluetooth, is a contested bit of history, not least because medieval writers such as Widukind of Corvey and Adam of Bremen give conflicting accounts of how it came about.
We know from the runestone erected at Jelling Monument that Harald claimed to have converted the Danes himself. In his "History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen," finished in 1076, Adam of Bremen claimed that Harald was himself forcibly converted by Otto I , after a defeat in battle.[3] In the Icelandic saga about the Kings of Norway called the Heimskringla , this story was changed somewhat to have Harald be converted, along with Earl Hakon , by Otto II .
However, Widukind of Corvey, writing nearly 100 years before Adam and during the lives of Otto I and Harald, mentioned no such episode in his Res gestae saxonicae sive annalium libri tres or "Deeds of the Saxons". Considering that this history was at least partly written to promote the greatness of Otto and his family, this silence is damning to Adam of Bremen's claim. Widukind himself claims that Harald was converted by a "cleric by the name of Poppa" who, when asked by Harald whether he would be tested as to his faith in Christ, supposedly carried "a great weight of iron" heated by a fire without being burned.[4] A similar story does appear in Adam of Bremen's history, but about Eric of Sweden , who had supposedly conquered Denmark (there is no evidence that this happened anywhere else), and a self-immolating cleric named Poppo.[5] The story of this otherwise unknown Poppo or Poppa's miracle and baptism of Harald is also depicted on the gilded altar piece in the Church of Tandrup in Denmark, a detail of which is at the top of this article. The altar itself has been dated to about 1200.[6] Adam of Bremen's claim regarding Otto I and Harald appears to have been inspired by an attempt to manufacture a historical reason for the archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen to claim jurisdiction over Denmark (and thus the rest of Scandinavia); in the 1070s, the Danish King was in Rome asking for Denmark to have its own arch-bishop, and Adam's account of Harald's supposed conversion (and baptism of both him and his "little son" Sweyn , with Otto serving as Sweyn's godfather) is followed by the unambiguous claim that "At that time Denmark on this side of the sea, which is called Jutland by the inhabitants, was divided into three dioceses and subjected to the bishopric of Hamburg."[7]
As noted above, Harald's father, Gorm the Old had died in 958, and he had been buried in a mound with many grave goods, after the pagan practice. The mound was itself from c. 500 BCE, but Harald had it built higher over his father's grave, and added a second mound to the south. Mound-building was a newly revived custom in the tenth century, possibly as a "self-conscious appeal to old traditions in the face of Christian customs spreading from Denmark's southern neighbors, the Germans."[8]
But after his conversion, in about the 960s, Harald had his father's body disinterred and reburied in the church he built next to the now empty mound, and erected the now famous Jelling stones described above.
Reign
During his reign, Harald oversaw the reconstruction not only of the Jelling runic stones but of other projects as well. Some believe that these projects were a way for him to preserve the economic and military control of his country. During that time, ring forts were built in five strategic locations: Trelleborg on Sjælland , Nonnebakken on Fyn , Fyrkat in central Jylland , Aggersborg near Limfjord , and Trelleborg near the city of Trelleborg in Scania in present-day Sweden . All five fortresses had similar designs: "perfectly circular with gates opening to the four corners of the earth, and a courtyard divided into four areas which held large houses set in a square pattern"[10] A sixth Trelleborg is located in Borgeby , in Scania in present-day Sweden. This one has been dated to the vicinity of 1000 AD and has a similar design, so it too may have been built by king Harald.
He also constructed the oldest known bridge in southern Scandinavia, known as the Ravninge Bridge in Ravninge meadows, which was 5m wide and 760m long.
While absolute quiet prevailed throughout the interior, he was even able to turn his thoughts to foreign enterprises. Again and again he came to the help of Richard the Fearless of Normandy (in the years 945 and 963), while his son conquered Samland and, after the assassination of King Harald Graafeld of Norway, he also managed to force the people of that country into temporary subjection to himself.
The Norse sagas presents Harald in a rather negative light. He was forced twice to submit to the renegade Swedish prince Styrbjörn the Strong of the Jomsvikings - first by giving Styrbjörn a fleet and his daughter Tyra , the second time by giving up himself as hostage and an additional fleet. Styrbjörn brought this fleet to Uppsala in Sweden in order to claim the throne of Sweden. However, this time Harald broke his oath and fled with his Danes in order to avoid facing the Swedish army at the Battle of the Fýrisvellir .
As a consequence of Harald's army having lost to the Germans in the shadow of Danevirke in 974, he no longer had control of Norway and Germans having settled back into the border area between Scandinavia and Germany. The German settlers were driven out of Denmark in 983 by an alliance consisting of Obodrite soldiers and troops loyal to Harald. Soon after, Harald was killed fighting off a rebellion led by his son Sweyn. He was believed to have died in 986 , although there are many other accounts that claim he died in 985.
Marriages and issue
Gyrid Olafsdottir , probably by 950.
Thora (Tova) the daughter of Mistivir in 970. She raised the Sønder Vissing Runestone after her mother.
Harald married Gyrid Olafsdottir 40 183 by 950. Gyrid was born about 930 in Denmark.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 189 M i. Svend I "Forked Beard" King of Denmark, Norway and England 40 was born about 960 in Denmark, died on 2 Feb 1014 in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England about age 54, and was buried in Hellig Trefoldigheds Kirke, Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark.
+ 190 F ii. Thyra Haraldsdatter, Queen of Norway 40 was born about 947 in <Denmark> and died on 18 Sep 1000 in Norway about age 53.
144. Emund Eriksson 40 (Erik Refillsson114, Refill Bjornsson88, Bjorn "Ironside" Ragnarsson71, Aslaug Sigurdsdatter61, Brynhild Budlasdatter51, Budi42, Leinfni32, Attip27, Budli22, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 832 in Sweden.
Emund married someone.
+ 191 M i. Erik Edmundsson 40 was born about 849 in Sweden and died about 900 about age 51.
145. Eysteinn King in Sweden [Semi-Legendary] 1 127 (Eadgils , King in Uppsala [Semi-Legendary]116, Ohthere , King in Sweden [Semi-Legendary]91, Ongentheow , King in Sweden [Semi-legendary]74, Aun "the Old" Jorundsson, King in Uppsala [Legendary]63, Jorund Yngvasson, King in Uppsala [Legendary]53, Yngvi Alreksson, King in Sweden [Legendary]44, Alrik Agnesson, King in Sweden [Legendary]34, Agne Dagsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]29, Dag "the Wise" Dyggvisson, King in Sweden [Mythological]24, Dyggvi Domarsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]19, Domar Domaldasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]16, Domalde Visbursson, King in Sweden [Mythological]13, Visbur Vanlandasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]10, Driva Snaersdotter, [Mythological]7, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 600 in Sweden.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Eysteinn :
Eysteinn (d. ca 600) was the son of Eadgils and Yrsa of Saxony . He was the father of Ingvar .
Snorri Sturluson relates that Eysteinn ruled Sweden at the time when Hrólf Kraki died in Lejre . It was a troubled time when many sea kings ravaged the Swedish shores. One of those kings was named Sölve and he was from Jutland (but according to Historia Norwegiae he was Geatish , see below). At this time Sölve was pillaging in the Baltic Sea and so he arrived in Lofond (probably the island of Lovön or the Lagunda Hundred ), where Eysteinn was at a feast. It was night-time and Sölve and his men surrounded the house and set it on fire burning everyone inside to death. Then Sölve arrived at Sigtuna (Old Sigtuna ) and ordered the Swedes to accept him as king. The Swedes refused and gathered an army that fought against Sölve and his men, but they lost after eleven days. The Swedes had to accept him as king for a while until they rebelled and killed him.
Thorsteins saga Víkingssonar makes Eysteinn the father of Anund and grandfather of Ingjald and consequently skips Ingvar's generation. It adds a second son to Eysteinn named Olaf, who was the king of Fjordane in Norway .
Eysteinn married someone.
+ 192 M i. Ingvar "the Tall" Eysteinsson, King in Sweden [Legendary] 184 died about 620.
21st Generation 146. Henry I "Beauclerc" King of England 128 129 (Matilda , of Flanders117, Adele Capet, Princess of France92, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born between May 1068 and May 1069 in <Selby, Yorkshire>, England and died on 1 Dec 1135 in St. Denis-le-Fermont, France.
Birth Notes: Ancestral Roots line 124-25 has b. 1070.
Research Notes: Fourth son of William the Conqueror.
From Wikipedia - Henry I of England :
Henry I (c. 1068/1069 - 1 December 1135) was the fourth son of William I the Conqueror . He succeeded his elder brother William II as King of England in 1100 and defeated his eldest brother, Robert Curthose , to become Duke of Normandy in 1106. He was called Beauclerc for his scholarly interests and Lion of Justice for refinements which he brought about in the administrative and legislative machinery of the time.
Henry's reign is noted for its political opportunism. His succession was confirmed while his brother Robert was away on the First Crusade and the beginning of his reign was occupied by wars with Robert for control of England and Normandy. He successfully reunited the two realms again after their separation on his father's death in 1087. Upon his succession he granted the baronage a Charter of Liberties , which formed a basis for subsequent challenges to rights of kings and presaged Magna Carta , which subjected the King to law.
The rest of Henry's reign was filled with judicial and financial reforms. He established the biannual Exchequer to reform the treasury . He used itinerant officials to curb abuses of power at the local and regional level, garnering the praise of the people. The differences between the English and Norman populations began to break down during his reign and he himself married a daughter of the old English royal house. He made peace with the church after the disputes of his brother's reign, but he could not smooth out his succession after the disastrous loss of his eldest son William in the wreck of the White Ship . His will stipulated that he was to be succeeded by his daughter, the Empress Matilda , but his stern rule was followed by a period of civil war known as the Anarchy .
Early life
Henry was born between May 1068 and May 1069, probably in Selby in Yorkshire . His mother, Queen Matilda , was descended from Alfred the Great (but not through the main West Saxon Royal line). Queen Matilda named the infant Prince Henry, after her uncle, Henry I of France . As the youngest son of the family, he was almost certainly expected to become a Bishop and was given rather more extensive schooling than was usual for a young nobleman of that time. The Chronicler William of Malmesbury asserts that Henry once remarked that an illiterate King was a crowned ass. He was certainly the first Norman ruler to be fluent in the English language .
William I's second son Richard was killed in a hunting accident in 1081, so William bequeathed his dominions to his three surviving sons in the following manner:
The Chronicler Orderic Vitalis reports that the old King had declared to Henry: "You in your own time will have all the dominions I have acquired and be greater than both your brothers in wealth and power."
Henry tried to play his brothers off against each other but eventually, wary of his devious manoeuvring, they acted together and signed an Accession Treaty. This sought to bar Prince Henry from both Thrones by stipulating that if either King William or Duke Robert died without an heir, the two dominions of their father would be reunited under the surviving brother.
Seizing the throne of England
When, on 2 August 1100 , William II was killed by an arrow in yet another hunting accident in the New Forest, Duke Robert had not yet returned from the First Crusade . His absence allowed Prince Henry to seize the Royal Treasury at Winchester, Hampshire , where he buried his dead brother. There are suspicions that, on hearing that Robert was returning alive from his crusade with a new bride, Henry decided to act and arranged the murder of William by the French Vexin Walter Tirel .[1] Thus he succeeded to the throne of England, guaranteeing his succession in defiance of William and Robert's earlier agreement. Henry was accepted as King by the leading Barons and was crowned three days later on 5 August at Westminster Abbey . He secured his position among the nobles by an act of political appeasement: he issued a Charter of Liberties which is considered a forerunner of the Magna Carta .
First marriage
On 11 November 1100 Henry married Edith , daughter of King Malcolm III of Scotland. Since Edith was also the niece of Edgar Atheling and the great-granddaughter of Edward the Confessor 's paternal half-brother Edmund Ironside , the marriage united the Norman line with the old English line of Kings. The marriage greatly displeased the Norman Barons, however, and as a concession to their sensibilities Edith changed her name to Matilda upon becoming Queen. The other side of this coin, however, was that Henry, by dint of his marriage, became far more acceptable to the Anglo-Saxon populace.
The chronicler William of Malmesbury described Henry thus: "He was of middle stature, greater than the small, but exceeded by the very tall; his hair was black and set back upon the forehead; his eyes mildly bright; his chest brawny; his body fleshy."
Conquest of Normandy
In the following year, 1101, Robert Curthose , Henry's eldest brother, attempted to seize the crown by invading England. In the Treaty of Alton , Robert agreed to recognise his brother Henry as King of England and return peacefully to Normandy , upon receipt of an annual sum of 2000 silver marks, which Henry proceeded to pay.
In 1105, to eliminate the continuing threat from Robert and the drain on his fiscal resources from the annual payment, Henry led an expeditionary force across the English Channel .
Battle of Tinchebray
On the morning of 28 September 1106, exactly 40 years after William had made his way to England, the decisive battle between his two surviving sons, Robert Curthose and Henry Beauclerc, took place in the small village of Tinchebray. This combat was totally unexpected and unprepared. Henry and his army were marching south from Barfleur on their way to Domfront and Robert was marching with his army from Falaise on their way to Mortain. They met at the crossroads at Tinchebray and the running battle which ensued was spread out over several kilometres. The site where most of the fighting took place is the village playing field today. Towards evening Robert tried to retreat but was captured by Henry's men at a place three kilometres (just under two miles) north of Tinchebray where a farm named "Prise" (taken) stands today on the D22 road. The tombstones of three knights are nearby on the same road.
King of England and Ruler of Normandy
After Henry had defeated his brother's Norman army at Tinchebray he imprisoned Robert, initially in the Tower of London , subsequently at Devizes Castle and later at Cardiff. One day whilst out riding Robert attempted to escape from Cardiff but his horse was bogged down in a swamp and he was recaptured. To prevent further escapes Henry had Robert's eyes burnt out. Henry appropriated the Duchy of Normandy as a possession of the Kingdom of England and reunited his father's dominions. Even after taking control of the Duchy of Normandy he didn't take the title of Duke, he chose to control it as the King of England.
In 1113, Henry attempted to reduce difficulties in Normandy by betrothing his eldest son, William Adelin , to the daughter of Fulk of Jerusalem (also known as Fulk V), Count of Anjou, then a serious enemy. They were married in 1119. Eight years later, after William's untimely death, a much more momentous union was made between Henry's daughter, (the former Empress) Matilda and Fulk's son Geoffrey Plantagenet , which eventually resulted in the union of the two Realms under the Plantagenet Kings.
Activities as a King
Henry's need for finance to consolidate his position led to an increase in the activities of centralized government. As King, Henry carried out social and judicial reforms, including:
Between 1103 and 1107 Henry was involved in a dispute with Anselm , the Archbishop of Canterbury , and Pope Paschal II in the investiture controversy , which was settled in the Concordat of London in 1107. It was a compromise. In England, a distinction was made in the King's chancery between the secular and ecclesiastical powers of the prelates. Employing the distinction, Henry gave up his right to invest his bishops and abbots, but reserved the custom of requiring them to come and do homage for the "temporalities " (the landed properties tied to the episcopate), directly from his hand, after the bishop had sworn homage and feudal vassalage in the ceremony called commendatio, the commendation ceremony , like any secular vassal.
Henry was also known for some brutal acts. He once threw a treacherous burgher named Conan Pilatus from the tower of Rouen; the tower was known from then on as "Conan's Leap". In another instance that took place in 1119, Henry's son-in-law, Eustace de Pacy, and Ralph Harnec, the constable of Ivry , exchanged their children as hostages. When Eustace blinded Harnec's son, Harnec demanded vengeance. King Henry allowed Harnec to blind and mutilate Eustace's two daughters, who were also Henry's own grandchildren. Eustace and his wife, Juliane, were outraged and threatened to rebel. Henry arranged to meet his daughter at a parley at Breteuil, only for Juliane to draw a crossbow and attempt to assassinate her father. She was captured and confined to the castle, but escaped by leaping from a window into the moat below. Some years later Henry was reconciled with his daughter and son-in-law.
Legitimate children
He had two children by Matilda (Edith), who died on 1 May 1118 at the palace of Westminster. She was buried in Westminster Abbey.
Matilda . (c. February 1102 - 10 September 1167 ). She married firstly Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor , and secondly, Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou , having issue by the second.
William Adelin , (5 August 1103 - 25 November 1120 ). He married Matilda (d.1154), daughter of Fulk V, Count of Anjou .
Second marriage
On 29 January 1121 he married Adeliza , daughter of Godfrey I of Leuven , Duke of Lower Lotharingia and Landgrave of Brabant , but there were no children from this marriage. Left without male heirs, Henry took the unprecedented step of making his barons swear to accept his daughter Empress Matilda , widow of Henry V, the Holy Roman Emperor , as his heir.
Death and legacy
Henry visited Normandy in 1135 to see his young grandsons, the children of Matilda and Geoffrey. He took great delight in his grandchildren, but soon quarrelled with his daughter and son-in-law and these disputes led him to tarry in Normandy far longer than he originally planned.
Henry died on 1 December 1135 of food poisoning from eating "a surfeit of lampreys " (of which he was excessively fond) at Saint-Denis-en-Lyons (now Lyons-la-Forêt ) in Normandy. His remains were sewn into the hide of a bull to preserve them on the journey, and then taken back to England and were buried at Reading Abbey , which he had founded fourteen years before. The Abbey was destroyed during the Protestant Reformation . No trace of his tomb has survived, the probable site being covered by St James' School. Nearby is a small plaque and a large memorial cross stands in the adjoining Forbury Gardens .
Although Henry's barons had sworn allegiance to his daughter as their Queen, her gender and her remarriage into the House of Anjou , an enemy of the Normans, allowed Henry's nephew Stephen of Blois , to come to England and claim the throne with popular support.
The struggle between the former Empress and Stephen resulted in a long civil war known as the Anarchy . The dispute was eventually settled by Stephen's naming of Matilda's son, Henry Plantagenet , as his heir in 1153.
Illegitimate children
King Henry is famed for holding the record for the largest number of acknowledged illegitimate children born to any English king, with the number being around 20 or 25. He had many mistresses, and identifying which mistress is the mother of which child is difficult. His illegitimate offspring for whom there is documentation are:
Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester . Often, said to have been a son of Sybil Corbet.
Maud FitzRoy, married Conan III, Duke of Brittany
Constance FitzRoy, married Richard de Beaumont
Mabel FitzRoy, married William III Gouet
Aline FitzRoy, married Matthieu I of Montmorency
Gilbert FitzRoy, died after 1142. His mother may have been a sister of Walter de Gand.
Emma, born c. 1138; married Gui de Laval, Lord Laval. [Uncertain, born 2 years after Henry died.][2]
With Edith
Matilda, married in 1103 Count Rotrou II of Perche. She perished 25 Nov 1120 in the wreck of the White Ship . She left two daughters; Philippa who married Helie of Anjou (son of Fulk V) and Felice.
With Gieva de Tracy
William de Tracy
With Ansfride
Ansfride was born c. 1070. She was the wife of Anskill of Seacourt, at Wytham in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire ).
Juliane de Fontevrault (born c. 1090); married Eustace de Pacy in 1103. She tried to shoot her father with a crossbow after King Henry allowed her two young daughters to be blinded.
Fulk FitzRoy (born c. 1092); a monk at Abingdon .
Richard of Lincoln (c. 1094 - 25 November 1120 ); perished in the wreck of the White Ship .
With Sybil Corbet
Lady Sybilla Corbet of Alcester was born in 1077 in Alcester in Warwickshire . She married Herbert FitzHerbert, son of Herbert 'the Chamberlain' of Winchester and Emma de Blois. She died after 1157 and was also known as Adela (or Lucia) Corbet. Sybil was definitely mother of Sybil and Rainald, possibly also of William and Rohese. Some sources suggest that there was another daughter by this relationship, Gundred, but it appears that she was thought as such because she was a sister of Reginald de Dunstanville but it appears that that was another person of that name who was not related to this family.
Sybilla de Normandy , married Alexander I of Scotland .
William Constable, born before 1105. Married Alice (Constable); died after 1187.
Reginald de Dunstanville, 1st Earl of Cornwall .
Gundred of England (1114-46), married 1130 Henry de la Pomeroy, son of Joscelin de la Pomerai.
Rohese of England, born 1114; married William de Tracy (b. 1040 in Normandy, France d. 1110 in Barnstaple, Devon, England)son of Turgisus de Tracy. They married in 1075. They had four children 1)Turgisus II de Tracy b. 1066, 2) Henry de Tracy b. 1068, 3) Gieva de Tracy b. 1068 d. 1100, 4)Henry of Barnstaple Tracy b. 1070 d.1170.
With Edith FitzForne
Robert FitzEdith, Lord Okehampton, (1093-1172) married Dame Maud d'Avranches du Sap. They had one daughter, Mary, who married Renaud, Sire of Courtenay (son of Miles, Sire of Courtenay and Ermengarde of Nevers).
Adeliza FitzEdith. Appears in charters with her brother Robert.
With Princess Nest
Nest ferch Rhys was born about 1073 at Dinefwr Castle , Carmarthenshire , the daughter of Prince Rhys ap Tewdwr of Deheubarth and his wife, Gwladys ferch Rhywallon. She married, in 1095, to Gerald de Windsor (aka Geraldus FitzWalter) son of Walter FitzOther, Constable of Windsor Castle and Keeper of the Forests of Berkshire . She had several other liaisons - including one with Stephen of Cardigan, Constable of Cardigan (1136) - and subsequently other illegitimate children. The date of her death is unknown.
Henry FitzRoy , 1103-1158.
With Isabel de Beaumont
Isabel (Elizabeth) de Beaumont (after 1102 - after 1172), daughter of Robert de Beaumont , sister of Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester . She married Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke , in 1130. She was also known as Isabella de Meulan.
Isabel Hedwig of England
Matilda FitzRoy , abbess of Montvilliers, also known as Montpiller
Noted events in his life were:
• King of England: 1100-1135.
Henry married Matilda , of Scotland, daughter of Malcolm III Canmore, King of Scots and Saint Margaret , of Scotland, on 11 Nov 1100 in Westminster Abbey, London, Midlesex, England. Matilda was born in 1079 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland and died on 1 May 1118 in Westminster Palace, London, England at age 39.
Birth Notes: Place name may be Dermfermline.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 193 F i. EmpressMatilda Countess of Anjou 185 186 was born about 7 Feb 1102 and died on 10 Sep 1167 about age 65.
+ 194 M ii. William Adelin, Duke of Normandy 187 was born in 1103 and died on 25 Nov 1120 at age 17.
Henry next married someone.
+ 195 F i. Maud Princess of England 5 was born about 1091 in England.
Henry had a relationship with Adeliza , of Louvain,188 daughter of Godfrey I , of Leuven and Ida , of Chiny and Namur, in 1120. This couple did not marry. Adeliza was born about 1103 and was buried on 23 Apr 1151 in Abbey of Affligem. They had no children.
Henry next had a relationship with Sybilla Corbet, of Alcester.129 This couple did not marry. Sybilla was born in 1077 in Alcester, Warwickshire, England and died after 1157.
+ 196 M i. Robert de Caen, 1st Earl of Gloucester 189 190 191 was born about 1090 in <Caen, Normandy, France>, died on 31 Oct 1147 in Bristol, Gloucestershire, England about age 57, and was buried in St. James Priory, Bristol, Gloucestershire, England.
Henry next had a relationship with Elizabeth de , Beaumont,192 daughter of Robert I de Beaumont and Unknown.
+ 197 F i. Elizabeth Princess of England 193 194 was born about 1095 in <Talby, Yorkshire, England>.
147. Adela of Normandy 130 131 (Matilda , of Flanders117, Adele Capet, Princess of France92, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born between 1062 and 1067 and died about 8 Mar 1137.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Adela of Normandy :
Adela of Normandy also known as Adela of Blois and Adela of England "and also Adela Alice Princess of England" (c. 1062 or 1067 - 8 March 1137?) was, by marriage, Countess of Blois , Chartres , and Meaux . She was a daughter of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders . She was also the mother of Stephen, King of England and Henry of Blois , Bishop of Winchester .
Her birthdate is generally believed to have been between 1060 and 1064; however, there is some evidence she was born after her father's accession to the English throne in 1066. She was the favourite sister of King Henry I of England ; they were probably the youngest of the Conqueror's children. She was a high-spirited and educated woman, with a knowledge of Latin .
She married Stephen Henry , son and heir to the count of Blois , sometime between 1080 and 1084, probably in 1083. Stephen inherited Blois, Chartres and Meaux in 1089, and owned over 300 properties, making him one of the wealthiest men of his day. He was a pious and revered leader who managed huge areas of France which inherited from his father and added to by his sharp administrations. He was, essentially a king in his own right. Stephen-Henry joined the First Crusade , along with his brother-in-law Robert Curthose . Stephen's letters to Adela form a uniquely intimate insight into the experiences of the Crusade's leaders. The Count of Blois returned to France in 1100 bringing with him several cartloads of maps, jewels and other treasures, which he deposited at Chartres. He was, however, under an obligation to the pope for agreements made years earlier and returned to Antioch to participate in the crusade of 1101 . He was ultimately killed in an ill advised charge at the Battle of Ramla . Rumors of his cowardice and defection under fire are untrue and unfounded and have been proven to be propaganda generated by later biased historians. Stephen-Henry was often referred to as "le Sage," and was a great patron of Troubadours and writers.
Adela and Stephen's children are listed here as follows. Their birth order is uncertain.
Guillaume (William)(d. 1150), Count of Chartres married Agnes of Sulli (d. aft 1104) and had issue.
Theobald II, aka Thibaud IV Count of Champagne
Odo of Blois, aka Humbert. died young.
Stephen of Blois {King of England}.
Lucia-Mahaut , married Richard d'Avranches, 2nd Earl of Chester . Both drowned on 25 November 1120.
Agnes of Blois, married Hugh de Puiset and were parents to Hugh de Puiset .
Eléonore of Blois (d. 1147) married Raoul I of Vermandois (d.1152) & had issue they were divorced in 1142.
Alix of Blois (d. 1145) married Renaud (d.1134)III of Joigni & had Issue
Lithuise of Blois (d. 1118) married Milo I of Montlhéry (Divorced 1115)
Philip (d. 1100) Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne
Henry of Blois b.1101- d. 1171 (oblate child raised at Cherite sur Loire (Cluny Abbey) 1103.
Adela was regent for her husband during his extended absence as a leader of the First Crusade (1095-1098), and when he returned in disgrace it was at least in part at her urging that he returned to the east to fulfil his vow of seeing Jerusalem .[citation needed ] She was again regent in 1101, continuing after her husband's death on this second crusading expedition in 1102, for their children were still minors. Orderic Vitalis praises her as a "wise and spirited woman" who ably governed her husband's estates in his absences and after his death.
She employed tutors to educate her elder sons, and had her youngest son Henry pledged to the Church at Cluny . Adela quarrelled with her eldest son Guillaume, "deficient in intelligence as well as degenerate", and had his younger brother Theobald replace him as heir. Her son Stephen left Blois in 1111 to join his uncle's court in England.
Adela retired to Marcigny in 1120, secure in the status of her children. Later that same year, her daughter Lucia-Mahaut , was drowned in the wreck of the White Ship alongside her husband. She lived long enough to see her son Stephen seize the English throne, and took pride in the ascension of her youngest child Henry Blois to the bishophric of Winchester, but died soon after on 8 March 1135 in Marsilly, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France.
Adela married Stephen , of Blois, Count of Blois 195 196 about 1080. Stephen was born about 1045 and died on 19 May 1102 in Ramla, (Israel) about age 57.
Death Notes: Killed in the battle of Ramla.
Noted events in his life were:
• Leader of the First Crusade:
Children from this marriage were:
+ 198 M i. Stephen of Blois, King of England 197 198 was born about 1096 in Blois, Loire-et-Cher, France, died on 25 Oct 1154 in Dover Priory, Dover, England about age 58, and was buried in Faversham Abbey.
+ 199 F ii. Lithuaise
148. Gertrude of Flanders 134 (Robert I , Count of Flanders118, Adele Capet, Princess of France92, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1070 and died in 1117 about age 47.
Gertrude married Thierry II , Duke of Lorraine,199 200 son of Gerard IV , Count of Alsace, Duke of Upper Lorraine and Hedwig , of Namur. Thierry died in 1115.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 200 M i. Thierry I of Lorraine, Count of Flanders 201 202 was born about 1099 and died on 17 Jan 1168 about age 69.
149. Henry I Duke of Bavaria 137 (Judith , of Normandy119, Adele Capet, Princess of France92, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born in 1074 and died on 13 Dec 1126 at age 52.
Henry married Wulfhilda , of Saxony,203 daughter of Magnus , Duke of Saxony and Sophia, Betw 1095 and 1100. Wulfhilda was born about 1075 and died on 29 Dec 1126 about age 51.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 201 F i. Judith of Bavaria was born in 1100 and died in 1130 at age 30.
150. Aelis de Dammartin 105 (Hugues de Dammartin, Count of Dammartin120, Constance Capet93, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1084 in Dammartin-en-Goele, Seine-et-Marne, France.
Aelis married Aubrey , de Mello,105 son of Gilbert , Baron of Mello and Unknown, about 1104. Aubrey was born about 1080 in <Mello, Oise>, France.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 202 M i. Alberic I Count of Dammartin 105 was born about 1110 in <Dammartin, Seine-et-Marne>, France and died in 1183 about age 73.
151. Isabel de Vermandois, Countess of Leicester 138 141 (Hugh Magnus , of Vermandois and Valois, Duke of France121, Henry I , of France95, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1081 in <Valois, Île-de-France, France>, died on 13 Feb 1131 in England about age 50, and was buried in Lewes, Sussex, England.
Birth Notes: FamilySearch has b. abt 1085 in Valois, France
Research Notes: From: Wikipedia - Elizabeth of Vermandois :
Elizabeth de Vermandois, or Elisabeth or Isabel de Vermandois (c. 1081 -13 February 1131 ), is a fascinating figure about whose descendants and ancestry much is known and about whose character and life relatively little is known. She was twice married to influential Anglo-Norman magnates, and had several children (among whose descendants are numbered many kings and some queens of England and Scotland). Her Capetian and Carolingian ancestry was a source of much pride for some of these descendants (who included these arms as quarterings in their coats-of-arms[1] ). However, the lady herself led a somewhat controversial life.
Family
Elizabeth de Vermandois was the third daughter of Hugh Magnus and Adele of Vermandois. Her paternal grandparents were Henry I of France and Anne of Kiev . Her maternal grandparents were Herbert IV of Vermandois and Adele of Vexin .
Her mother was the heiress of the county of Vermandois, and descendant of a junior patrilineal line of descent from Charlemagne . The first Count of Vermandois was Pepin of Vermandois . He was a son of Bernard of Italy , grandson of Pippin of Italy and great-grandson of Charlemagne and Hildegard .
As such, Elizabeth had distinguished ancestry and connections. Her father was a younger brother of Philip I of France and her mother was among the last Carolingians . She was also distantly related to the Kings of England , the Dukes of Normandy , the Counts of Flanders and through her Carolingian ancestors to practically every major nobleman in Western Europe .
Countess of Leicester
In 1096, while under age (and probably aged 9 or 11), Elizabeth married Robert de Meulan, 1st Earl of Leicester . Meulan was over 35 years her senior, which was an unusual age difference even for this time period. He was a nobleman of some significance in France, having inherited lands from his maternal uncle Henry, Count of Meulan, and had fought bravely and with distinction at his first battle, the Battle of Hastings in 1066 then aged only 16. His parents Roger de Beaumont , Lord of Beaumont-le-Roger and Pont-Audemar and Adeline of Meulan , heiress of Meulan had died long before; Roger had been a kinsman and close associate of William the Conqueror . Meulan had inherited lands in Normandy after his father died circa 1089, and had also been given lands in the Kingdom of England after his participation in the Norman conquest of England . However, at the time of the marriage, he held no earldom in England while his younger brother was already styled Henry de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Warwick .
Planche states that the bride (Elizabeth) agreed willingly to the marriage, although this means little in the context. Despite the immense age difference, this was a good marriage for its times. Meulan was a respected advisor to three reigning monarchs: William II of England ), Robert Curthose of Normandy and Philip I of France .
According to Middle Ages custom, brides were often betrothed young - 8 being the legal age for betrothal and 12 for marriage (for women). The young betrothed wife would often go to her husband's castle to be raised by his parents or other relatives and to learn the customs and ways of her husband's family. The actual wedding would not take place until much later. Some genealogists speculate that the usual age at which a noble bride could expect the marriage to be consummated would be 14. This is consistent with the date of birth of Elizabeth's first child Emma in 1102 when she would be about 15 to 17.
The marriage produced several children, including most notably two sons who were twins (born 1104 ), and thus remarkable in both surviving and both becoming important noblemen. They are better known to historians of this period as the Beaumont twins, or as Waleran de Beaumont, Count of Meulan and his younger twin Robert Bossu (the Humpback) or Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester . (Readers of Ellis Peters' Cadfael historical mystery series will find both twins mentioned frequently).
Another notable child of this marriage was Elisabeth or Isabel de Beaumont, one of the youngest mistresses of Henry I of England and later mother (by her first marriage) of Richard Strongbow .
Some contemporaries were surprised that the aging Count of Meulan (b circa 1049/1050) was able to father so many children, given how busy he was with turmoil in England and Normandy from 1102 to 1110 (or later) and acting as Henry I's unofficial minister. One explanation is offered below; another might simply be an indication of his good health and energy (expended mostly in dashing from one troublespot in Normandy to England back to Normandy).
William II of England died suddenly in a purported hunting accident, and was hastily succeeded not by the expected heir but by the youngest brother Henry . This seizure of the throne led to an abortive invasion by the older brother Duke Robert of Normandy, followed by an uneasy truce between the brothers, followed by trouble in both England and Normandy for some time (stirred up by Duke Robert, and by an exiled nobleman Robert of Bellême, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury ). Finally, Henry invaded Normandy and in the Battle of Tinchebray (September 28 , 1106 ) destroyed organized opposition to his takeover of Normandy and imprisoned his ineffectual older brother for his lifetime. Meulan and his brother Warwick were apparently supporters of Henry during this entire period, and Meulan was rewarded with the earldom of Leicester in 1103 . By 1107, Meulan was in possession of substantial lands in three domains. In 1111, he was able to revenge himself on the attack on his seat Meulan by Louis VI of France . He avenged himself by harrying Paris .
Countess of Surrey
Elizabeth, Countess of Meulan apparently tired of her aging husband at some point during the marriage. The historian Planche says (1874) that the Countess was seduced by or fell in love with a younger nobleman, William de Warenne (c. 1071 -11 May 1138 ) himself the thwarted suitor of Edith of Scotland , Queen consort of Henry I of England. Warenne, whose mother Gundred has been alleged (in modern times) to be the Conqueror's daughter and stepdaughter by some genealogists, was said to want a royal bride, and Elizabeth fitted his requirements, even though she was also another man's wife.
In 1115, the Countess was apparently carried off or abducted by Warenne, which abduction apparently concealed a long-standing affair. There was some kind of separation or divorce between Meulan and his wife, which however did not permit her to marry her lover. The elderly Count of Meulan died, supposedly of chagrin and mortification in being thus publicly humiliated, in the Abbey of Preaux, Normandy on 5 June 1118 , leaving his properties to his two elder sons whom he had carefully educated.
Elizabeth married, secondly, William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey , sometime after the death of her first husband. By him, it is alleged, she already had several children (all born during her marriage to Meulan). She also had at least one daughter born while she was living out of wedlock with Warenne (1115-1118). It is unclear whether this daughter was Ada de Warenne, wife of Henry of Scotland or Gundrede de Warenne, wife of Roger de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Warwick (her half-brothers' first cousin).
The later life of Elizabeth de Vermandois is not known. Her sons by her first marriage appear to have a good relationship with their half-brother William de Warenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey although on opposing sides for much of the wars between Stephen and Matilda . Her eldest son Waleran, Count of Meulan was active in supporting the disinherited heir William Clito , son of Robert Curthose until captured by King Henry. He was not released until Clito's death without issue in 1128. Her second son Robert inherited his father's English estates and the earldom of Leicester and married the heiress of the Fitzosbern counts of Breteuil. Her daughter Isabel however became a king's concubine or mistress at a young age; it is unclear whether her mother's own life or her eldest brother's political and personal travails in this period played any part in this decision. Before her mother died, Isabel had become wife of Gilbert de Clare , later (1147) Earl of Pembroke, so had adopted a more conventional life like her mother.
There are no known biographies of Elizabeth de Vermandois, nor any known fictional treatments of her life.
Children and descendants
During her first marriage (1096-1115) to Robert de Beaumont, Count of Meulan (d 5 June 1118), Elizabeth had 3 sons (including twin elder sons) and 6 daughters:
In her second marriage, to William de Warenne, Elizabeth had three sons and two daughters (for a total of fourteen children - nine during her first marriage, and five during her second):
The second earl had married Isabella, daughter of Hugh, Count of Vermandois, widow of Robert de Beaumont, earl of Leicester. The arms of Warenne "checky or and azure" were adopted from the Vermandois coat after this marriage.
The original Vermandois arms were "checky or and sable" but there was no black tincture in early medieval heraldry until sable was discovered, being the crushed fur of this animal. A very deep indigo was used instead which faded into blue so the Vermandois arms becams "checky argent and or".
The Vermandois arms were inherited by the earls of Warenne and Surrey, the Newburgh earls of Warwick, the Beauchamp earls of Warwick and Worcester and the Clifford earls of Cumberland.
Isabel married Sir Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester and Count of Meulan,2 204 205 son of Roger de Beaumont, Lord of Beaumont-le-Roger and Pont-Audemer and Adeline , of Meulan, between 1096 and 1101. The marriage ended in divorce. Robert was born about 1049 in Pont-Audemer, Beaumont, Normandy, France, died on 5 Jun 1118 in Leicestershire, England about age 69, and was buried in Preaux, Normandy, France.
Marriage Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 53-24 has m. 1096. Wikipedia has m. abt. 1101.
Noted events in their marriage were:
• Betrothal: to Robert de Meulan, 1096.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 203 M i. Sir Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester 2 206 207 was born in 1104 in <Leicester>, Leicestershire, England, died on 5 Apr 1168 in England at age 64, and was buried in Leicester Abbey, Leicester, Leicestershire, England. (Relationship to Father: Biological, Relationship to Mother: Biological)
+ 204 F ii. Emma de Beaumont was born in 1102.
+ 205 M iii. Waleran IV de Beaumont, Count of Meulan 84 208 was born in 1104 in <Meulan, Île-de-France>, France, died on 10 Apr 1166 in Preaux Abbey, Preaux, Normandy, France at age 62, and was buried in Preaux Abbey, Preaux, Normandy, France.
+ 206 M iv. Hugh de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Bedford was born about 1106.
+ 207 M v. Adeline de Beaumont 138 was born about 1107.
+ 208 F vi. Aubree de Beaumont 138 was born about 1109.
+ 209 F vii. Maud de Beaumont was born about 1111.
+ 210 F viii. Isabel de Beaumont was born after 1102.
Isabel next married William II de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey,140 209 210 son of William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey and Gundred , Countess of Surrey, after 1118. William was born about 1065 in <Sussex, England>, died on 11 May 1138 in <England> about age 73, and was buried in Lewes Priory, Lewes, Sussex, England.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 211 M i. William de Warenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey and Warenne 211 was born in 1118 and died in 1148 at age 30.
+ 212 F ii. Ada de Warenne 138 210 212 died about 1178.
+ 213 M iii. Reginald de Warenne
+ 214 M iv. Ralph de Warenne
+ 215 F v. Gundred de Warenne 213 214 was born about 1117 in Warwick, Warwickshire, England, died after 1165 in Warwickshire, England, and was buried in Kelso, Roxburgh, Scotland.
+ 216 M vi. Sir Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester 2 206 207 was born in 1104 in <Leicester>, Leicestershire, England, died on 5 Apr 1168 in England at age 64, and was buried in Leicester Abbey, Leicester, Leicestershire, England. (Relationship to Father: Step, Relationship to Mother: Biological)
152. Raoul I Count of Vermandois (Hugh Magnus , of Vermandois and Valois, Duke of France121, Henry I , of France95, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1)
153. Henry of Chaumont-en-Vexin (Hugh Magnus , of Vermandois and Valois, Duke of France121, Henry I , of France95, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) died in 1130.
Research Notes: Source: Hugh of Vermandois
154. Simon Bishop of Noyon (Hugh Magnus , of Vermandois and Valois, Duke of France121, Henry I , of France95, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1)
155. Matilde de Vermandois (Hugh Magnus , of Vermandois and Valois, Duke of France121, Henry I , of France95, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1)
156. Constance de Vermandois (Hugh Magnus , of Vermandois and Valois, Duke of France121, Henry I , of France95, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1)
157. Agnes de Vermandois (Hugh Magnus , of Vermandois and Valois, Duke of France121, Henry I , of France95, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1)
158. Beatrix de Vermandois (Hugh Magnus , of Vermandois and Valois, Duke of France121, Henry I , of France95, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1)
159. Emma de Vermandois (Hugh Magnus , of Vermandois and Valois, Duke of France121, Henry I , of France95, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1)
160. Hugh I Duke of Burgundy (Henry , of Burgundy125, Robert "the Old" , Duke of Burgundy96, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born in 1057 and died in 1093 at age 36.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia (Henry of Burgundy)
161. Eudes I Duke of Burgundy 142 143 (Henry , of Burgundy125, Robert "the Old" , Duke of Burgundy96, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1058 and died on 23 Mar 1103 in Cilicia about age 45.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Eudes I, Duke of Burgundy :
Eudes I, surnamed Borel and called the Red, (1058-23 March 1103 ) was Duke of Burgundy between 1079 and 1103. Eudes was the second son of Henry of Burgundy and grandson of Robert I . He became the duke following the abdication of his older brother, Hugh I, who retired to become a Benedictine monk. Eudes married Sibylla of Burgundy (1065 - 1101), daughter of William I, Count of Burgundy .
They had:
An interesting incident is reported of this robber baron by an eyewitness, Eadmer , biographer of Anselm of Canterbury . While Saint Anselm was progressing through Eudes's territory on his way to Rome in 1097, the bandit, expecting great treasure in the archbishop's retinue, prepared to ambush and loot it. Coming upon the prelate's train, the duke asked for the archbishop, whom they had not found. Anselm promptly came forward and took the duke by surprise, saying "My lord duke, suffer me to embrace thee." The flabbergasted duke immediately allowed the bishop to embrace him and offered himself as Anselm's humble servant.
He was a participant in the ill-fated Crusade of 1101 .
Noted events in his life were:
• Duke of Burgundy: 1079-1103.
Eudes married Sibylle , of Burgundy-Ivrea,165 daughter of Guillaume I de Bourgogne and Stephanie , de Longwy, in 1080. Sibylle died after 1103.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 217 F i. Hélie of Burgundy 215 216 was born about 1080 and died on 28 Feb 1141 in Abbey of Perseigne about age 61.
162. Robert Bishop of Langres (Henry , of Burgundy125, Robert "the Old" , Duke of Burgundy96, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born in 1059 and died in 1111 at age 52.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Henry of Burgundy
163. Beatrice of Burgundy 144 (Henry , of Burgundy125, Robert "the Old" , Duke of Burgundy96, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1063 and died after 1110.
Beatrice married Guy III de Vignory, Seigneur de Vignory,217 son of Guy II "le Rouge" de Vignory and Hildegarde de Bar-sur-Aube, after 1082. Guy died 1125 or 1126.
Death Notes: Ancestral Roots has d. 1125 and d. 1126
The child from this marriage was:
+ 218 F i. Adélarde de Vignory 218 died after 1140.
164. Reginald Abbot of St. Pierre (Henry , of Burgundy125, Robert "the Old" , Duke of Burgundy96, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born in 1065 and died in 1092 at age 27.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Henry of Burgundy
165. Henry of Burgundy, Count of Portugal 105 145 146 (Henry , of Burgundy125, Robert "the Old" , Duke of Burgundy96, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born in 1069 in <Bourgogne, Champagne>, France and died on 1 Nov 1112 at age 43.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Henry, Count of Portugal :
Henry of Burgundy, Count of Portugal (1066 -1112 ) was Count of Portugal from 1093 to his death. He was the son of Henry of Burgundy , heir of Robert I, Duke of Burgundy , and brother of Hugh I, Duke of Burgundy and Eudes I, Duke of Burgundy . His name is Henri in modern French , Henricus in Latin , Enrique in modern Spanish and Henrique in modern Portuguese . He was a distant cousin of Raymond of Burgundy and Pope Callistus II .
As a younger son, Henry had little chances of acquiring fortune and titles by inheritance, thus he joined the Reconquista against the Moors in the Iberian Peninsula . He helped king Alfonso VI of Castile and León conquer modern Galicia and the north of Portugal and in reward he married Alfonso's daughter Theresa, Countess of Portugal in 1093 , receiving the County of Portugal , then a fiefdom of the Kingdom of León , as a dowry .
From Teresa, Henry had three sons and three daughters. The only son to survive childhood was Afonso Henriques , who became the second Count of Portugal in 1112. However, the young man Afonso was energetic and expanded his dominions at the expense of Muslims . In 1139 , he declared himself King of Portugal after reneging the subjugation to León, in open confrontation with his mother. Two daughters also survived childhood, Urraca and Sancha. Urraca Henriques married a Bermudo Peres de Trava, Count of Trastamara. Sancha Henriques married a nobleman, Sancho Nunes de Celanova.
Henry married Theresa , of Leon and Castile,105 daughter of Alfonso VI "the Brave" , of Castile, King of Castile and Leon and Ximena Nunia de Guzman, in 1093. Theresa was born about 1070 in <Toledo, Castile>, Spain and died on 1 Nov 1130 about age 60.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 219 M i. Afonso I King of Portugal 219 220 was born on 25 Jul 1109 in Viseu, Viseu, Portugal, died on 6 Dec 1185 in Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal at age 76, and was buried in Santa Cruz Monastery, Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
166. Helie (Henry , of Burgundy125, Robert "the Old" , Duke of Burgundy96, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1)
167. Urraca of Castile, Queen of Castile and Léon 51 149 150 (Constance , of Burgundy126, Robert "the Old" , Duke of Burgundy96, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1082 in <Burgos, Castile>, Spain and died on 8 Mar 1126 in Saldana, Palencia, Spain about age 44.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Urraca of León and Castile :
Urraca of León (1078 - March 8 , 1126 ) was Queen of León and Castile from 1109 to her death. She was the first woman ever to reign in a western European monarchy. Urraca was the daughter of Alfonso VI of León by his second wife, Constance of Burgundy . She became heiress to her father's kingdom after her only brother was killed in the Battle of Uclés (1108) .
In childhood, she was betrothed to and later married Raymond of Burgundy who died in September 1107. They had two children: the Infante Alfonso Raimúndez (born 1104) and the Infanta Sancha (born before 1095). The widow Urraca was now ruler of Galicia, and as She her father's only surviving legitimate child, she could claim to be heiress of the reign of Castile. King Alfonso VI of León selected the king of Navarre and Aragon, Alfonso I of Aragon as her husband. They had hoped for an alliance that would safeguard the kingdom, since Alfonso was renowned as a great warrior. However, the marriage proved barren and turned exceedingly bitter. According to the chronicler Ibn al-Athir , Alfonso once remarked that "a real soldier lives with men, not with women".
Urraca and Alfonso of Aragon were also second cousins, and Bernard, Archbishop of Toledo , objected to the marriage on these grounds and condemned it as consanguineous . Nevertheless, Urraca and Alfonso were married in October 1109 in Monzón . Their inability to produce a child created a rift, and Urraca accused Alfonso of being physically abusive to her. The royal couple were soon separated. By October of 1110 or 1111, her supporters fought a battle against Alfonso's forces at Candespina , in which her premier nobleman and former aspirant to her hand, count Gómez González , was killed. A further defeat was inflicted at Viadangos , at which Pedro Froilaz de Traba was captured. Their marriage was annulled in 1114. Urraca never remarried, though she took as lover another powerful nobleman, count Pedro González de Lara.
Urraca's reign was disturbed by strife among the powerful nobles and especially by constant warfare with her husband who had seized her lands. Another thorn on her side was her brother-in-law, Henry , the husband of her half-sister Teresa of Leon . He alternatively allied with Alfonso I of Aragon , then betrayed Alfonso for a better offer from Urraca's court. After Henry's death in 1112, his widow, Teresa, still contested ownership of lands with Urraca. With the aid of her son, Alfonso Raimúndez, Urraca was able to win back much of her domain and ruled successfully for many years.
According to the Chronicon Compostellanum , Urraca died in childbirth in 1126. The supposed father was her lover, Count Pedro González of Lara. However the author of the chronicles was openly hostile to the adulterous queen, and the historian Reilly notes that a pregnancy was unlikely at the queen's age of 48. She was succeeded by her legitimate son, Alfonso VII .
Illegitimate children
Besides her two legitimate children by Raymond of Burgundy, Urraca also had an illegitimate son by her lover, Pedro González de Lara. She recognized their son, Fernando Perez Furtado , in 1123.
Noted events in her life were:
• Queen of Léon and Castile: 1109-1126.
Urraca married Raymond , of Burgundy, Count of Amous,162 163 son of Guillaume I de Bourgogne and Stephanie , de Longwy, about 1087 in Toledo, Castile, Spain. Raymond was born about 1060 in <Dijon>, France and died on 26 Mar 1107 in Grajal do Campos, Léon, Spain about age 47.
Birth Notes: FamilySearch has b. abt 1065
Death Notes: Wikipedia has d. September 1107. FamilySearch has d. 24 Mar 1107.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 220 M i. Alfonso VII King of Castile and Léon 51 221 222 was born on 1 Mar 1105 in Toledo, Castile, Spain, died on 21 Aug 1157 in La Fresneda, Teruel, Aragon, Spain at age 52, and was buried in Catedral De Toledo, Toledo, Castile.
+ 221 F ii. InfantaSancha was born before 1095.
168. Renaud II de Nevers, Count of Nevers and Auxerre 152 153 (William I , Count of Nevers127, Adèle , of France, Countess of Auxerre98, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1047 in <Nevers, Nievre>, France and died on 5 Aug 1089 about age 42.
Renaud married Ida , de Forez,152 223 daughter of Artald III , Count of Lyon and Forez and Unknown. Ida was born about 1051 in <Le Forez, Provence>, France and died in 1085 about age 34.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 222 F i. Ermengarde de Nevers 152 224 was born about 1073 in <Courtenay, Loiret>, France and died in 1095 in France about age 22.
169. Adele de Roucy 156 157 (Beatrix , of Hainaut128, Régnier V , Count of Hainaut99, Hedwig , of France76, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1014 in <Roucy, Aisne, France> and died about 1062 about age 48.
Adele married Hilduin III de Rameru, Count of Montdidier,225 226 son of Hilduin II de Rameru and Unknown, about 1031. Hilduin was born between 1010 and 1021 in <Montdidier, Somme, France> and died about 1063.
Birth Notes: Ancestral Roots has b. abt 1010; http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f001/f92/a0019295.htm has b. 1021.
Noted events in his life were:
• Count of Roucy: 1032.
• Lord of Rameru: 1061.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 223 F i. Adela de Rameru
+ 224 F ii. Beatrix de Mondidier 227 died 2 Sep aft 1129.
+ 225 F iii. Margaret de Rameru 228 229 was born between 1045 and 1050 in <Montdidier, Somme, France> and died in 1110.
+ 226 M iv. Andre I de Rameru, and d'Arcis-sur-Aube 230 died in 1118.
170. Ranulph II Vicomte of Bayeux in Normandy 5 159 160 (Alice , of Normandy129, Richard III, Duke of Normandy100, Richard II, Duke of Normandy78, Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1048 in <Normandy, France> and died after Apr 1089.
Research Notes: Adult by 1066
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 132B-25
--------
From Wikipedia - Ranulf de Briquessart :
Ranulf de Briquessart[1] or Ranulf the Viscount (died c. 1089 or soon after) was an 11th century Norman magnate and viscount . Ranulf's family were connected to the House of Normandy by marriage, and, besides Odo , bishop of Bayeux , was the most powerful magnate in the Bessin region.[2] He married Margaret, daughter of Richard Goz, viscount of the Avranchin , whose son and successor Hugh d'Avranches became Earl of Chester in England c. 1070.[3]
Ranulf is probably the "Ranulf the viscount" who witnessed a charter of William , Duke of Normandy , at Caen on 17 June 1066.[4] Ranulf helped preside over a judgement in the curia of King William (as duke) in 1076 in which a disputed mill was awarded to the Abbey of Mont St. Michael .[5] On 14 July 1080 he witnessed a charter to the Abbey of Lessay (in the diocese of Coutances ), another in the same year addressed to Remigius de Fécamp bishop of Lincoln in favour of the Abbey of Préaux .[6] and one more in the same period, 1079 x 1082, to the Abbey of St Stephen of Caen .[7] His name is attached to a memorandum in 1085, and on 24 April 1089 he witnessed a confirmation of Robert Curthose , Duke of Normandy and Count of Maine to St Mary of Bayeaux, where he appears below his son in the witness list.[8]
He probably died sometime after this. His son Ranulf le Meschin became ruler of Cumberland and later Earl of Chester.[9] The Durham Liber Vitae , c. 1098 x 1120, shows that his eldest son was one Richard, who died in youth, and that he had another son named William.[10] He also had a daughter called Agnes, who later married Robert de Grandmesnil (died 1136).[9]
Noted events in his life were:
• Adult: by 1066.
• Living: 1089.
Ranulph married Maud d'Avranches,5 231 daughter of Richard le Goz , Vicomte d'Avranches and Emma. Maud was born about 1054 in <Avranches, Normandy, France>.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 227 M i. William le Meschin, Lord of Skipton-in-Craven, Yorkshire 5 232 233 was born about 1100 in <Gernon Castle, Normandy, France>.
+ 228 M ii. Ranulf le Meschin, 3rd Earl of Chester 5 234 235 236 was born about 1070 in <Briquessart, Livry, France>, died about 1129 in Chester, Cheshire, England about age 59, and was buried in St Werburgh, Chester, Cheshire, England.
171. Raymond of Burgundy, Count of Amous 162 163 (Guillaume I de Bourgogne130, Adelais , de Normandie101, Richard II, Duke of Normandy78, Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1060 in <Dijon>, France and died on 26 Mar 1107 in Grajal do Campos, Léon, Spain about age 47.
Birth Notes: FamilySearch has b. abt 1065
Death Notes: Wikipedia has d. September 1107. FamilySearch has d. 24 Mar 1107.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Raymond of Burgundy :
Raymond of Burgundy (Spanish and Portuguese : Raimundo) was the fourth son of William I, Count of Burgundy and was Count of Amous . He came to the Iberian Peninsula for the first time during the period 1086-1087 with Eudes I, Duke of Burgundy . He came for the second time (1090) to marry Urraca of Castile , eventual heiress of Alfonso VI of Castile , King of León and Castile .
He came with his cousin Henry of Burgundy , who married the other daughter of Alfonso VI, Teresa of León (or Portugal ). By his marriage Raymond received the County of Galicia , the County of Portugal and the County of Coimbra . The last two were later offered to Henry of Burgundy, father of the first Portuguese King Afonso I Henriques of Portugal .
He was succeeded by his son:
Raymond married Urraca , of Castile, Queen of Castile and Léon,51 149 150 daughter of Alfonso VI "the Brave" , of Castile, King of Castile and Leon and Constance , of Burgundy, about 1087 in Toledo, Castile, Spain. Urraca was born about 1082 in <Burgos, Castile>, Spain and died on 8 Mar 1126 in Saldana, Palencia, Spain about age 44.
Noted events in her life were:
• Queen of Léon and Castile: 1109-1126.
(Duplicate Line. See Person 167)
172. Gisele of Burgundy 105 164 (Guillaume I de Bourgogne130, Adelais , de Normandie101, Richard II, Duke of Normandy78, Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1070 in <Bourgogne, Champagne, France> and died after 1133.
Birth Notes: FamilySearch has b. abt 1060 in Bourgogne
Death Notes: FamilySearch has d. after 1133
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 101-24 (Louis VI) and line 274A-24 (Humbert II).
Gisele married Humbert II "Le Renforcé" , Count of Maurienne and Savoy,51 237 son of Amadeus II , Count of Maurienne and Savoy, Margrave of Susa and Jeanne , of Geneva, about 1090. Humbert was born about 1062 in <Savoie>, France, died on 14 Oct 1103 about age 41, and was buried on 19 Oct 1103.
Noted events in his life were:
• Marquis of Turin:
Children from this marriage were:
+ 229 F i. Adelaide of Savoy 238 was born about 1092 and died on 1 Aug 1154 about age 62.
+ 230 M ii. Amadeus III Count of Savoy, Maurienne and Turin 239 was born about 1095 in <Savoie>, France and died on 30 Aug 1148 in Cyprus about age 53.
173. Sibylle of Burgundy-Ivrea 165 (Guillaume I de Bourgogne130, Adelais , de Normandie101, Richard II, Duke of Normandy78, Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) died after 1103.
Sibylle married Eudes I , Duke of Burgundy,142 143 son of Henry , of Burgundy and < > , [Not Sibylle of Barcelona], in 1080. Eudes was born about 1058 and died on 23 Mar 1103 in Cilicia about age 45.
Noted events in his life were:
• Duke of Burgundy: 1079-1103.
(Duplicate Line. See Person 161)
174. Ermentrude of Burgundy 65 166 (Guillaume I de Bourgogne130, Adelais , de Normandie101, Richard II, Duke of Normandy78, Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1060 in Burgundy, France and died after 8 Mar 1105.
Ermentrude married Thierry I , Count of Montbéliard & Bar-le-Duc,65 240 son of Louis , Count of Montbéliard and Sophia , Countess of Bar-le-Duc, in 1076. Thierry was born about 1045 in <Bar-le-Duc, Meuse>, France and died on 2 Jan 1105 about age 60.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 231 M i. Renaud I Count of Mousson, Count of Bar-le-Duc 65 241 was born about 1077 in Bar-le-Duc, Meuse, France and died on 10 Mar 1149 about age 72.
175. Judith of Lens 40 167 168 (Adelaide , of Normandy, Countess of Aumale132, Robert I, Duke of Normandy102, Richard II, Duke of Normandy78, Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born in 1054 in <Lens, Artois>, France.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 130-25, also 98A-23. From note for Line 148-22 (after 22. Lambert of Boulogne): "Judith of Lens (Gen. 23 in previous editions) appears to have been Adelaide's child by her first marriage to Enguerrand II. See Judith of Lens (130-25, 98A-23) for her descendants.)
Here father was previously thought to be Lambert II, Count of Lens (e.g., in Magna Charta Barons, p. 81).
Judith married Waltheof II , Earl of Northumberland,40 167 242 son of Sigurd , Earl of Northumberland and Aelfflaed , of Bernicia, in 1070 in Artois, France. Waltheof was born in 1050, died on 31 May 1076 in Winchester, (Hampshire), England at age 26, and was buried in Chapter House of Croyland Abbey, Winchester, Hampshire, England.
Death Notes: Beheaded
Noted events in his life were:
• Earl of Northampton:
Children from this marriage were:
+ 232 F i. Maud of Huntingdon 210 243 244 was born about 1074 and died in 1131 about age 57.
+ 233 F ii. Alice Huntingdon 40 167 was born about 1085 in <Flamsted, Hertfordshire>, England and died after 1126.
176. Gilbert FitzRichard, de Clare 172 173 174 175 (Richard I, of Clare and Tonbridge133, Giselbert "Crispin" de103, Geoffrey, Count of Eu & Count of Brionne79, Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1065 in <Clare, Suffolk>, England and died about 1115 in <England> about age 50.
Birth Notes: http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f001/f95/a0019557.htm has b. 1065
Death Notes: http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f001/f95/a0019557.htm has d. 1114
Research Notes: Lord of Clare, Tonbridge, and Cardigan, Wales; or Earl of Clare, Lord of Tonbridge and Cardigan.
From Wikipedia - Gilbert Fitz Richard :
Gilbert Fitz Richard (1065-1115) was son and heir of Richard Fitz Gilbert , earl of Clare, and heiress Rohese Giffard. He succeeded to his father's possessions in England in 1090; his brother, Roger Fitz Richard, inherited his father's lands in Normandy . Earl Gilbert's inheritance made him one of the wealthiest magnates in early twelfth-century England.
Gilbert may have been present at the suspicious death of William II in the New Forest in 1100. He was granted lands and the Lordship of Cardigan by Henry I , including Cardigan Castle . He and his wife Adeliza had nine children, two of whom became peers of the realm . He founded the Cluniac priory at Stoke-by-Clare, Suffolk.
Noted events in his life were:
• Lord of Clare, Tonbridge and Cardigan:
• Founded: Priory of Clare, 1090, Stoke-by-Clare, Suffolk, England. Cluniac priory
Gilbert married Adelaide de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis,245 246 daughter of Hugh de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Margaret de Rameru, about 1086. Adelaide was born about 1058 in <Northamptonshire, England> and died in <England>.
Marriage Notes: FamilySearch has m. bef. 1076 in England.
Birth Notes: Ancestral Roots has b. by 1072, http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f001/f95/a0019558.htm has b. 1058.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 234 F i. Adeliza de Clare 247 248 249 was born between 1066 and 1080 in <Essex, England> and died about 1163 in <Clare, Suffolk, England>.
+ 235 M ii. Baldwin FitzGilbert de Clare, Lord of Bourne, Deeping and Skellingthorpe 250 251 was born about 1092 and died in 1154 about age 62.
+ 236 M iii. Richard FitzGilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Hertford 26 252 253 was born between 1084 and 1090 in <Hertford, Hertfordshire>, England, was christened in Clare, Suffolk, England, died on 15 Apr 1136 in [near Abergavenny], Monmouthshire, England, and was buried in Gloucester.
+ 237 M iv. Gilbert FitzGilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke 250 254 was born about 1100 and died on 6 Jan 1148 about age 48.
+ 238 F v. Rohese FitzRichard 175 was born about 1090 in <Clare, Suffolk>, England and died in 1149 in England about age 59.
177. Robert Fitz Richard, Lord of Little Dunmow, Essex 176 177 (Richard I, of Clare and Tonbridge133, Giselbert "Crispin" de103, Geoffrey, Count of Eu & Count of Brionne79, Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born in 1064 and died about 1136 about age 72.
Research Notes: First husband of Maud de St. Liz.
From Wikipedia - Robert Fitz Richard :
Robert Fitz Richard (1064-1136), entitled Robert Fitz Richard, Lord of Little Dunmow, Baron of Baynard , was a Norman landowner in England. His estates near Little Dunmow are said[1] to have been given to him after confiscation from Ralph Baynard , who had them earlier[2].
He was steward under Henry I of England [3] and under Stephen of England [4]. He served for a period as High Sheriff of Yorkshire
Family
He was the son of Sir Richard Fitz Gilbert , Lord of Clare and Tonbridge (c. 1035-1090) and Rohese Giffard, (b. c. 1034), daughter of Sir Walter Giffard, Lord of Longueville ,[5] and Agnes Flatel.[6]
He married (c. 1114), Maud de St. Liz, daughter of Sir Simon de St Liz, Earl of Northampton , and Maud de Huntingdon .
Children were:
Noted events in his life were:
• Steward: under Henry II.
• High Sheriff: of Yorkshire.
• Steward: under Stephen of England.
Robert married Maud de St. Liz,255 256 257 daughter of Simon de Senlis, Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton and Maud , of Huntingdon, about 1114. Maud died in 1140.
Death Notes: Ancestral Roots, line 130-27 has "d. 1140 (or 1158/63?)"
178. Rohese FitzRichard de Clare 26 178 (Richard I, of Clare and Tonbridge133, Giselbert "Crispin" de103, Geoffrey, Count of Eu & Count of Brionne79, Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1055 in Tunbridge, Kent, England and died in 1121 in England about age 66.
Birth Notes: FamilySearch has b. abt 1067, Tunbridge, Kent, England.
Rohese married Eudo de Rie,26 258 259 son of Hubert de Rie and Unknown. Eudo was born about 1047 in <Normandy, France> and died about 1120 about age 73.
Birth Notes: FamilySearch has b. abt 1063, Normandy, France.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 239 F i. Margaret de Rie 26 260 was born in 1065 in <Rycott, Oxford>, England and died in <England>.
179. Bertrade de Montfort 180 (Agnes d'Évreux134, Richard, Count of Évreux104, Robert II, Count of Évreux80, Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1070 and died on 14 Feb 1117 in <Fontevraud Abbey> about age 47.
Research Notes: 5th wife of Fulk IV. "Abducted" by King Philip I of France in 1092.
From Wikipedia - Bertrade de Montfort :
Bertrade de Montfort (c. 1070-14 February 1117) was the daughter of Simon I de Montfort and Agnes, Countess of Evreux . Her brother was Amauri de Montfort .
Marriages
The oft-married Fulk IV, Count of Anjou was married to the mother of his son in 1089, when the lovely Bertrade caught his eye. According to the chronicler John of Marmoutier :
The lecherous Fulk then fell passionately in love with the sister of Amaury of Montfort, whom no good man ever praised save for her beauty. For her sake, he divorced the mother of Geoffrey II Martel…
Bertrade and Fulk were married, and they became the parents of a son, Fulk , but in 1092 Bertrade left her husband and took up with King Philip I of France . Philip married her on 15 May 1092, despite the fact that they both had spouses living. He was so enamoured of Bertrade that he refused to leave her even when threatened with excommunication . Pope Urban II did excommunicate him in 1095, and Philip was prevented from taking part in the First Crusade . Astonishingly, Bertrade persuaded Philip and Fulk to be friends.
Children
With Fulk IV, Count of Anjou :
With Philip I of France :
Later life
According to Orderic Vitalis , Bertrade was anxious that one of her sons succeed Philip, and sent a letter to King Henry I of England asking him to arrest her stepson Louis . Orderic also claims she sought to kill Louis first through the arts of sorcery, and then through poison. Whatever the truth of these allegations, Louis succeeded Philip in 1108. Bertrade lived on until 1117; William of Malmesbury says: "Bertrade, still young and beautiful, took the veil at Fontevraud Abbey , always charming to men, pleasing to God, and like an angel." Her son from her first marriage was Fulk V of Anjou who later became King of Jerusalem iure uxoris . The dynasties founded by Fulk's sons ruled for centuries, one of them in England (Plantagenet ), the other in Jerusalem .
Bertrade married Fulk IV "le Réchin" , Count of Anjou,261 262 263 son of Aubri-Geoffrey , Count of the Gâtinais and Ermengarde , of Anjou, in 1089. Fulk was born in 1043 in Anjou, France and died on 14 Apr 1109 at age 66.
Noted events in his life were:
• Count of Anjou: 1068-1109.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 240 M i. Fulk V "the Young" Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem 264 265 266 was born in 1092 in Angers, France and died on 10 Nov 1144 in Acre, Palestine at age 52.
180. Amaury de Montfort 84 (Agnes d'Évreux134, Richard, Count of Évreux104, Robert II, Count of Évreux80, Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1070 in <Montfort Amaury, Île-de-France, France> and died in 1137 about age 67.
Amaury married Agnes de Garlende,84 daughter of Anselm de Garlende and < > de Montlhéry, in 1120 in Garlende, France. Agnes was born about 1095 in <Garlende>, France.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 241 F i. Agnes de Montfort 84 was born about 1123 in <Montfort-de-Risle, Eure>, France and died on 15 Dec 1181 about age 58.
181. Sibyl de Neufmarché 50 182 (Bernard de Neufmarché, Lord of Brecon135, Ada FitzGilbert, de Hugleville105, <Papia>81, Richard I, Duke of Normandy65, William I "Longsword", Duke of Normandy56, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1096 in <Aberconwy, Wales> and died after 1143 in Gloucestershire, England.
Sibyl married Miles , of Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford,50 267 268 son of Walter FitzRoger, of Gloucester and Bertha, in 1121. Miles was born about 1100 in <Gloucester, Gloucestershire, > England, died on 24 Dec 1143 about age 43, and was buried in Llanthony Priory, Monmouthshire, Wales.
Birth Notes: FamilySearch has b. abt 1092
Noted events in his life were:
• Lord High Constable of England: 1130-1135.
• Lord of Brecknock:
• Created: Earl of Hereford, 1141.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 242 F i. Margaret of Hereford 269 died in 1146.
+ 243 F ii. Bertha of Hereford 50 268 270 was born about 1130 in <Gloucester, Gloucestershire, > England.
+ 244 M iii. Richard FitzMiles, 2nd Earl of Hereford
+ 245 M iv. Walter de Hereford died after 1159 in Palestine.
+ 246 M v. Henry FitzMiles died on 12 Apr 1165.
+ 247 M vi. William de Hereford 268 died before 1160.
+ 248 M vii. Mahel de Hereford 268 died in Oct 1165 in Bronllys Castle, Breconshire, Wales and was buried in Llanthony Priory, Monmouthshire, Wales.
+ 249 F viii. Maud of Hereford
+ 250 F ix. Lucy of Hereford 268 271 died after 1220 and was buried in Chapter House of Lanthony, near Gloucester.
182. Somerled I Gillebrideson 3 (Gillebride136, Gille Adoman I Gilleson106, Hvarflad Hlodversdatter82, Hlodver, Earl of Orkney66, Thorfinn I Rollo "Hausakliffer"57, Einar "Torf", Earl of Orkney47, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1030 in <Scotland>.
Somerled married someone.
+ 251 M i. Imergi Somerledson 3 was born about 1050 in <Scotland>.
183. Haakon Paalsson 5 (Paul, Jarl of Orkney and Caithness137, Thorfinn II "the Black", Earl of Orkney107, Sigurd II "Digri"83, Hlodver, Earl of Orkney66, Thorfinn I Rollo "Hausakliffer"57, Einar "Torf", Earl of Orkney47, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1070 in <Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland> and died in 1122 in Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland about age 52.
Haakon married Helga Maddannsdatter,5 daughter of Moddan , Earl of Caithness and Unknown, about 1103 in Orkney Islands, Scotland. Helga was born about 1080 in <Caithness, Scotland>.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 252 F i. Ingebiorg Hakonsdatter 5 was born about 1106 in <Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland>.
184. Robert de Brusse 87 (Ragnvald138, Brusi108, Sigurd II "Digri"83, Hlodver, Earl of Orkney66, Thorfinn I Rollo "Hausakliffer"57, Einar "Torf", Earl of Orkney47, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1036 in <Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland> and died between 1080 and 1098.
Robert married Emma , de Brittany,87 daughter of Alan , Count of Brittany and Unknown. Emma was born about 1034 in Brittany, (France) and died about 1094 about age 60.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 253 M i. Adam Brus 87 was born about 1051 in <Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland> and died between 1080 and 1098.
185. Ralph de Gael, 1st Earl of Norfolk, Suffolk & Cambridge (Emma FitzOsbern139, Alice de Toeni109, Roger "the Spaniard" de84, Ralph II de, Seigneur de Tosni67, Ralph I de58, Hugh de48, Malahule39, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1)
Ralph married Emma,272 daughter of William Fitz Osbern, Earl of Hereford and Unknown.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 254 M i. Ralph de Gael de Montfort 273 was born about 1078 in Montfort, Normandy, France.
186. Roger de Toeni, de Conches 40 (Ralph de, de Conches140, Ralph de, de Conches110, Roger "the Spaniard" de84, Ralph II de, Seigneur de Tosni67, Ralph I de58, Hugh de48, Malahule39, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1104 in <Flamsted, Hertfordshire>, England and died before 1162.
Roger married Ida , of Hainault.175 Ida was born about 1109 in <Flamsted, Hertfordshire>, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 255 M i. Ralph de Toeni, de Conches 40 was born about 1130 in <Flamsted, Hertfordshire>, England and died in 1162 about age 32.
187. Ragnhild Haakonsdatter 5 (Ragnhild Magnusdatter, Princess of Norway141, Magnus I "the Good" Olafsson, King of Norway111, Olaf II "the Saint" Haraldsson, King of Norway85, Harald "Graenske" Gudrodsson68, Gudrod Bjornsson59, Bjorn "the Merchant" Haraldsson, Prince of Norway49, Svanhild Eysteinsdatter40, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1044 in <Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland>.
Ragnhild married Paul Thorfinnsson, Jarl of Orkney and Caithness,5 son of Thorfinn II "the Black" Sigurdsson, Earl of Orkney and Ingeborg Finnsdatter. Paul was born about 1040 in <Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland> and died in 1103 in Bergen, Hordaland, Norway about age 63.
(Duplicate Line. See Person 137)
188. Thorstein "the Red" Olafsson 3 (Olaf "the White" Ingjaldsson, King of Ireland142, Ingjald "the White" Helgasson, Petty King in Ireland112, Thora Sigurdsdatter86, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson70, Aslaug Sigurdsdatter61, Brynhild Budlasdatter51, Budi42, Leinfni32, Attip27, Budli22, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 858 in <Dublin, Dublin, Ireland> and died in 888 in Hvammi, Dala, Iceland about age 30.
Thorstein married Thurid Eyvindsdatter,5 daughter of Eyvind "the Easterling" Bjarnasson and Rafertach MacCearbhall, about 868 in Dala, Iceland. Thurid was born about 847 in <Amle, Sogn Og Fjordane, Norway>.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 256 F i. Groa Thorsteinsdatter 3 was born about 873 in <Hvammi, Dala, Iceland>.
189. Svend I "Forked Beard" King of Denmark, Norway and England 40 (Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark143, Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark113, Knud Sigurdsson87, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson70, Aslaug Sigurdsdatter61, Brynhild Budlasdatter51, Budi42, Leinfni32, Attip27, Budli22, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 960 in Denmark, died on 2 Feb 1014 in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England about age 54, and was buried in Hellig Trefoldigheds Kirke, Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - "Sveyn Forkbeard . Born about 960. Usually given as the son of Harald and Gyrid, though it is said in some of the older sagas that he was an illegitimate son."
Svend married Swietoslava,40 daughter of Mieszko , Prince of Poland and Dbubravka , Princess of Bohemia, in 998. Swietoslava was born about 970 in <Poznan, Poznan>, Poland and died after 2 Feb 1014.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 257 F i. Estrid Svensdatter, Princess of Denmark 40 was born about 997 in Denmark and was buried in Cathedral, Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark.
190. Thyra Haraldsdatter, Queen of Norway 40 (Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark143, Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark113, Knud Sigurdsson87, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson70, Aslaug Sigurdsdatter61, Brynhild Budlasdatter51, Budi42, Leinfni32, Attip27, Budli22, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 947 in <Denmark> and died on 18 Sep 1000 in Norway about age 53.
Thyra married Styrbjorn "the Strong" Olafsson, Prince of Sweden,40 son of Olof "Mitkg" Bjornsson, King of Sweden and Ingeberg Thrandsdotter. Styrbjorn was born about 903 in Sweden and died in 985 in Fyrisval, Uppsala, Sweden about age 82.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 258 M i. Thorgil "Sprakaleg" Styrjornsson 40 was born about 970 in <Uppsala, Uppsala>, Sweden.
191. Erik Edmundsson 40 (Emund Eriksson144, Erik Refillsson114, Refill Bjornsson88, Bjorn "Ironside" Ragnarsson71, Aslaug Sigurdsdatter61, Brynhild Budlasdatter51, Budi42, Leinfni32, Attip27, Budli22, Halfdan "the Old"18, Hring15, Raum "the Old"12, Norr9, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 849 in Sweden and died about 900 about age 51.
Erik married someone.
+ 259 M i. Bjorn "the Old" Eriksson, King of Sweden 40 was born about 867 in <Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden> and died about 950 about age 83.
192. Ingvar "the Tall" Eysteinsson, King in Sweden [Legendary] 184 (Eysteinn , King in Sweden [Semi-Legendary]145, Eadgils , King in Uppsala [Semi-Legendary]116, Ohthere , King in Sweden [Semi-Legendary]91, Ongentheow , King in Sweden [Semi-legendary]74, Aun "the Old" Jorundsson, King in Uppsala [Legendary]63, Jorund Yngvasson, King in Uppsala [Legendary]53, Yngvi Alreksson, King in Sweden [Legendary]44, Alrik Agnesson, King in Sweden [Legendary]34, Agne Dagsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]29, Dag "the Wise" Dyggvisson, King in Sweden [Mythological]24, Dyggvi Domarsson, King in Sweden [Mythological]19, Domar Domaldasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]16, Domalde Visbursson, King in Sweden [Mythological]13, Visbur Vanlandasson, King in Sweden [Mythological]10, Driva Snaersdotter, [Mythological]7, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) died about 620.
Research Notes: Legendary king of Sweden.
From Wikipedia - Ingvar :
Ingvar or Yngvar Harra, Proto-Norse *Ingu-Hariz (d. early 7th century) was the son of Östen and reclaimed the Swedish throne for the House of Yngling after the Swedes had rebelled against Sölvi .
Snorri Sturluson relates in his Ynglinga saga that King Ingvar, Östen's son, was a great warrior who often spent time patrolling the shores of his kingdom fighting Danes and pirates from the east. King Ingvar finally came to a peace agreement with the Danes and could take care of the Estonian pirates .
He consequently started pillaging in Estonia in retribution, and one summer he arrived at a place called Stein (see also Sveigder ). The Estonians (sýslu kind) assembled a great army in the interior and attacked King Ingvar in a great battle. The Estonian forces were too powerful and Ingvar fell and the Swedish forces retreated. Ingvar was buried in a mound at a place called Stone or Hill fort (at Steini) on the shores of Estonia (Aðalsýsla).
Ingvar married someone.
+ 260 M i. Anund "the Trail Blazer" King in Sweden [Legendary] 1 274 was born in Sweden.
22nd Generation 193. EmpressMatilda Countess of Anjou 185 186 (Henry I "Beauclerc" , King of England146, Matilda , of Flanders117, Adele Capet, Princess of France92, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 7 Feb 1102 and died on 10 Sep 1167 about age 65.
Birth Notes: Ancestral Roots Line 1-23 has b. abt. 1102-1104; Line 118-25 has b. 1104.
Some other source has b. Feb 1101
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Empress Matilda :
Empress Matilda, also known as Matilda of England or Maude (c. 7 February 1102 - 10 September 1167) was the daughter and heir of King Henry I of England . Matilda and her younger brother, William Adelin , were the only legitimate children of King Henry. Her brother died young in the White ship disaster , leaving Matilda as the last heir from the paternal line of her grandfather William the Conqueror .
As a child, Matilda was betrothed and later married to Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor . From her marriage to Henry, she acquired the title Empress. The couple had no known children. When widowed, she was married to the much younger Geoffrey of Anjou , by whom she became the mother of three sons, the eldest of whom became King Henry II of England .
Matilda was the first female ruler of the Kingdom of England . However the length of her effective rule was quite brief - a few months in 1141 - and she was never crowned and failed to consolidate her rule (legally and politically). Because of this she is normally excluded from lists of English monarchs, and her rival (and cousin) Stephen of Blois is routinely listed as monarch for the period 1135-1154. Their warring rivalry for the throne led to years of unrest and civil war in England that have been called The Anarchy . She did secure her inheritance of the Duchy of Normandy - through the military feats of her husband Geoffrey - and she campaigned unstintingly for her oldest son's inheritance, living to see him ascend the throne in 1154.
(In Latin texts Matilda was sometimes called Maude . This is a modernised spelling of the Norman-French form of her name, Mahaut.)
Early life
Matilda was the firstborn of two children to Henry I of England and his wife Matilda of Scotland (also known as Edith). Her maternal grandparents were Malcolm III of Scotland and Saint Margaret of Scotland . Margaret was daughter of Edward the Exile and granddaughter of Edmund II of England . (Most historians believe Matilda was born at Winchester , but one, John Fletcher (1990), argues for the possibility of the royal palace at Sutton Courtenay in Oxfordshire .)
First marriage: Holy Roman Empress
When she was seven years old, Matilda was betrothed to Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor ; at nine, she was sent to the Holy Roman Empire (Germany) to begin training for the life of Empress consort . The royal couple were married at Worms on January 7, 1114, and Matilda accompanied her husband on tours to Rome and Tuscany . After time, the young wife of the Emperor acted as regent , mainly in Italy, in his absence[1]. Emperor Henry died in 1125. The imperial couple had no surviving offspring, but Herman of Tournai states that Matilda bore a son who lived only a short while.
Despite being popularly known by the title "Empress " from her first marriage, Matilda's right to the title was dubious. She was never crowned Holy Roman Empress by a legitimate Pope - which ceremony was normally required to achieve the title; indeed, in later years she encouraged chroniclers to believe she had been crowned by the Pope. Contemporary, she was called German Queen by her husband's bishops, while her formal title was recorded as "Queen of the Romans". Still, "Empress" was arguably an appropriate courtesy title for the wife of an Emperor who had been crowned by the Pope.
In 1120 her brother William Adelin was drowned in the disastrous wreck of the White Ship , which left Matilda as the only legitimate child of her father King Henry . Like Matilda, her cousin Stephen of Blois was a grandchild of William (the Conqueror) of Normandy ; but her paternal line made her senior in right of succession to his maternal line.
Second marriage: Countess of Anjou
Matilda returned to England a young widow, age 23, and dowager "Empress" - a status of considerable pride to her. There Henry named her his heir to both the English throne and his Duchy of Normandy . Henry saw to it that the Anglo-Norman barons (including Stephen of Blois ) were sworn (several times) to accept Matilda as ruler if Henry died without a male heir.
Henry then arranged a second marriage for Matilda; as he aimed to achieve peace between the fractious barons of Normandy and Anjou. On 17 June 1128, Matilda, aged 26, was married to Geoffrey of Anjou , aged 15, who also was Count of Maine and heir apparent to (his father) the Count of Anjou - which title he soon acquired, and by which Matilda became Countess of Anjou. It was a title she rarely used. Geoffrey called himself "Plantagenet " from the broom flower (planta genista) he adopted as his personal emblem. So Plantagenet became the dynastic name of that powerful line of English kings who descended from Matilda and Geoffrey.
Matilda's marriage with Geoffrey was troubled; there were frequent long separations, but they had three sons and she survived him. The eldest son, Henry , was born on 5 March 1133. In 1134, she nearly died in childbirth, following the birth of her second son, Geoffrey, Count of Nantes . A third son, William X, Count of Poitou , was born in 1136.
When her father died in Normandy, on 1 December 1135, Matilda was with her husband, in Anjou ; and, crucially, too far away from events rapidly unfolding in England and Normandy. Stephen of Blois rushed to England upon learning of Henry's death; in London he moved quickly to grasp the crown of England from its appointed heir.
But Matilda was game to contest Stephen in both realms; she and her husband Geoffrey entered Normandy and began military campaigns to claim her inheritance. Progress was uneven at first, but she persevered; even so, it was not until 1139 that Matilda felt secure enough in Normandy to turn her attentions to invading England and fighting Stephen directly.
In Normandy, Geoffrey secured all fiefdoms west and south of the Seine by 1143; in January 1144, he crossed the Seine and took Rouen without resistance. He assumed the title Duke of Normandy , and Matilda became Duchess of Normandy. Geoffrey and Matilda held the duchy conjointly until 1149, then ceded it to their son, Henry, which event was soon ratified by King Louis VII of France .
Struggle for throne of England
On the death of her father, Henry I, in 1135, Matilda expected to succeed to the throne of England , but her cousin, Stephen of Blois , a nephew of Henry I, usurped the throne with the support of most of the barons, breaking the oath he had previously made to defend her rights. The civil war which followed was bitter and prolonged, with neither side gaining the ascendancy for long, but it was not until 1139 that Matilda could command the military strength necessary to challenge Stephen within his own realm. Stephen's wife, the Countess of Boulogne who was also named Matilda , was the Empress's maternal cousin. During the war, Matilda's most loyal and capable supporter was her illegitimate half-brother, Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester .
Matilda's greatest triumph came in April 1141, when her forces defeated and captured King Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln . He was made a prisoner and effectively deposed.
Her advantage lasted only a few months. When she marched on London , the city was ready to welcome her and support her coronation . She used the title of Lady of the English and planned to assume the title of queen upon coronation (the custom which was followed by her grandsons, Richard and John ).[2] However, she refused the citizens' request to have their taxes halved and, because of her own arrogance [2], she found the gates of London shut and the civil war reignited on 24 June 1141. By November, Stephen was free, having been exchanged for the captured Robert of Gloucester, and a year later, the tables were turned when Matilda was besieged at Oxford but escaped to Wallingford , supposedly by fleeing across the snow-covered land in a white cape. In 1141 she had escaped Devizes in a similarly clever manner, by disguising herself as a corpse and being carried out for burial. In 1148, Matilda and Henry returned to Normandy , following the death of Robert of Gloucester, and the reconquest of that county by her husband. Upon their arrival, Geoffrey turned Normandy over to his son, and retired to his own county of Anjou .
Later life
Matilda's first son, Henry , was showing signs of becoming a successful leader. Although the civil war had been decided in Stephen's favour, his reign was troubled. In 1153, the death of his son Eustace, combined with the arrival of a military expedition led by Henry, led him to acknowledge the latter as his heir by the Treaty of Wallingford .
Matilda retired to Rouen in Normandy during her last years, where she maintained her own court and presided over the government of the duchy in the absence of Henry. She intervened in the quarrels between her eldest son Henry and her second son Geoffrey, but peace between the brothers was brief. Geoffrey rebelled against Henry twice before his sudden death in 1158. Relations between Henry and his youngest brother, William X, Count of Poitou , were more cordial, and William was given vast estates in England. Archbishop Thomas Becket refused to allow William to marry the Countess of Surrey and the young man fled to Matilda's court at Rouen. William, who was his mother's favourite child, died there in January 1164, reportedly of disappointment and sorrow. She attempted to mediate in the quarrel between her son Henry and Becket, but was unsuccessful.
Although she gave up hope of being crowned in 1141, her name always preceded that of her son Henry, even after he became king. Matilda died at Notre Dame du Pré near Rouen and was buried in the Abbey church of Bec-Hellouin, Normandy. Her body was transferred to the Rouen Cathedral in 1847; her epitaph reads: "Great by Birth, Greater by Marriage, Greatest in her Offspring: Here lies Matilda, the daughter, wife, and mother of Henry."
Matilda married Henry V , Holy Roman Emperor, son of Henry IV , Holy Roman Emperor and Bertha , of Savoy, on 7 Jan 1114 in Worms, (Rhine-Palatinate, Germany). Henry was born on 8 Jan 1086 and died on 23 May 1125 at age 39.
Matilda next married Geoffrey V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy,275 276 277 son of Fulk V "the Young" , Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem and Erembourg , Countess of Maine, on 22 May 1128 in Le Mans, France. Geoffrey was born on 24 Aug 1113 in Anjou, France, died on 7 Sep 1151 at age 38, and was buried in Le Mans, France.
Marriage Notes: Marriage date may have been 3 April 1127 (Ancestral Roots Line 1-23). Line 118-25 (Geoffrey V) has m. 22 May 1127.
Noted events in his life were:
• Count of Anjou, Touraine and Maine: 1129-1151.
• Duke of Normandy: 1144-1151.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 261 M i. Henry II "Curtmantel" King of England was born on 5 Mar 1132 in Le Mans, France, died on 6 Jul 1189 at age 57, and was buried in Fontévrault Abbey, France.
194. William Adelin, Duke of Normandy 187 (Henry I "Beauclerc" , King of England146, Matilda , of Flanders117, Adele Capet, Princess of France92, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born in 1103 and died on 25 Nov 1120 at age 17.
Death Notes: Died in the White Ship tragedy.
195. Maud Princess of England 5 (Henry I "Beauclerc" , King of England146, Matilda , of Flanders117, Adele Capet, Princess of France92, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1091 in England.
Research Notes: Illegitimate daughter of Henry I.
Maud married Conan III "le Gros" , Duke of Bretagne,5 son of Alan IV Fergent and Hermengarde , Countess of Bretagne, in Mar 1113 in England. Conan was born about 1096 in <Bretagne, France> and died on 17 Sep 1148 about age 52.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 262 F i. Constance Princess of Bretagne 5 was born about 1118 in <Bretagne, France>.
196. Robert de Caen, 1st Earl of Gloucester 189 190 191 (Henry I "Beauclerc" , King of England146, Matilda , of Flanders117, Adele Capet, Princess of France92, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1090 in <Caen, Normandy, France>, died on 31 Oct 1147 in Bristol, Gloucestershire, England about age 57, and was buried in St. James Priory, Bristol, Gloucestershire, England.
Research Notes: Natural son of Henry I. Half-brother of Empress Matilda.
Source: familysearch.org (Kevin Bradford)
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 123-26:
"ROBERT DE CAEN, Earl of Gloucester, 1122-1147 (natural son of Henry I, prob. by a NN dau. of the Gay or Gayt family of N. Oxfordshire... b. abt 1090, d. Bristol, 31 Oct. 1147, called 'the Consul'; m. Maud Fitz Hamon, dau. and h. of Robert Fitz Hamon, d. 1107, seigneur of Crelly in Calvados, Normandy, Lord of Thoringni, etc., and Sybil de Montgomery, dau. of Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury."
Also line 63-26 (Hawise de Beaumont)
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From Wikipedia - Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester :
Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester (c. 1090 - October 31 , 1147 ) was an illegitimate son of King Henry I of England , and one of the dominant figures of the period of English history sometimes called The Anarchy . He is also known as Robert of Caen, and Robert "the Consul", though both names are used by later historians and have little contemporary justification, other than the fact that Robert's clerks made a practice of using the Latin word consul rather than the more common comes for his title of 'Earl'.
Early life
Robert was the eldest of Henry's many illegitimate children. He was born well before his father's accession to the English throne, probably in the late 1080s, as he had himself had a son by 1104. There are numerous references noting him to have been the son of Sybil Corbet , heiress to Robert Corbet, Lord of Alcester, whose family had land in both England and Normandy. He was born in Caen, Normandy and was the first of several children between Henry and his Mistress Sybil Corbet. [1]
Robert was acknowledged at birth, though in view of the vicissitudes of his father's career between 1087 and 1096 it is unlikely he was raised in his household. He was educated to a high standard, was literate in Latin and had a serious interest in both history and philosophy, which indicates that he was at least partly raised in a clerical household, a suggestion made all the more likely as his first known child, born around 1104, was born to a daughter of Samson, Bishop of Worcester (died 1112) who up till 1096 had been a Royal Chaplain and Treasurer of Bayeux . It may be significant that his next brother Richard was brought up in an episcopal household, that of Robert Bloet , bishop of Lincoln . Robert later received dedications from both Geoffrey of Monmouth and William of Malmesbury . William's 'Historia Novella' contains a flattering portrait of the Earl.
Robert appears at court in Normandy in 1113, and in 1107 he had married Mabel, eldest daughter and heir of Robert Fitzhamon , who brought him the substantial honour of Gloucester in England, Glamorgan in Wales and the honours of Sainte-Scholasse-sur-Sarthe and Évrecy in Normandy, as well as Creully . In 1121 or 1122 his father created him Earl of Gloucester . Through his marriage to Mabel he became second Lord of Glamorgan, and gained possession of Cardiff Castle , and was responsible for the building of the stone keep there, which remains as the best preserved Norman shell keep in Wales, and one of the best in the British Isles. Robert had considerable authority and autonomy, to the extent that he even minted his own coinage, today preserved in the British Museum .
Family and children
He married, around 1107, Mabel FitzHamon of Gloucester (died 1156), daughter of Robert Fitzhamon and Sibyl de Montgomery . Their children were:
William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester , died 1183. He married Hawise (died 1197) daughter of Robert II, Earl of Leicester.
Roger , Bishop of Worcester , (died 9 August 1179 , Tours ).
Hamon, killed at the siege of Toulouse in 1159.
Robert. (died before 1157) Also called Robert of Ilchester in documents. He married Hawise, (died after 1210) daughter of Baldwin de Redvers and Adeliz. Their daughter Mabel married Jordan de Cambernon .
Maud , (died 1190), wife of Ranulph de Gernon, 2nd Earl of Chester .
Philip, Castellan of Cricklade , (died after 1147). He took part in the Second Crusade .
Earl Robert had an illegitimate son, Richard, bishop of Bayeux (1135-1142), by Isabel de Douvres , sister of Richard de Douvres , bishop of Bayeux (1107-1133).
Noted events in his life were:
• 2nd Lord of Glamorgan: by right of his wife
• Created: 1st Earl of Gloucester, Aug 1122.
Robert married Mabel FitzHamon, of Gloucester,190 278 279 daughter of Robert FitzHamon, Sieur de Creully and Sybil Montgomery, in 1107. Mabel was born in 1090 in Gloucestershire, England and died on 29 Sep 1157 in Bristol, Gloucestershire, England at age 67.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 263 F i. Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester 190 280 281 was born about 1120 in Glouchestershire, England and died on 29 Jul 1190 in Chester, Cheshire, England about age 70.
+ 264 M ii. William FitzRobert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester was born about 1128 and died on 23 Nov 1183 about age 55.
Robert next married Elizabeth.
197. Elizabeth Princess of England 193 194 (Henry I "Beauclerc" , King of England146, Matilda , of Flanders117, Adele Capet, Princess of France92, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1095 in <Talby, Yorkshire, England>.
Research Notes: Probably the mother of Gunnild of Dunbar. Youngest illegitimate daughter of Henry I.
Elizabeth married Fergus , Lord of Galloway 194 282 in 1124 in Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland. Fergus was born about 1090 in <Galloway, Scotland>, died in 1161 in Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Edinburghshire, Scotland about age 71, and was buried on 12 May 1161 in Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Edinburghshire, Scotland.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 265 M i. Uchtred Lord of Galloway 194 282 was born about 1118 in <Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland> and died on 22 Sep 1174 about age 56.
198. Stephen of Blois, King of England 197 198 (Adela , of Normandy147, Matilda , of Flanders117, Adele Capet, Princess of France92, Robert II "the Pious" , King of France75, Adelaide , de Poitou64, Adele , de Normandie55, Rollo, Duke of Normandy46, Ragnvald, Earl of Møre36, Eystein "Glumra", Jarl of Oppland30, Ivar, Jarl of Oppland25, Halfdan "the Aged", Jarl of Oppland20, Sveidi17, Svidri14, Heytir11, Gorr8, Thorri, King in Kvenland6, Snaer, King in Kvenland [Mythological]5, Jokull, [Mythological]4, Frosti, King in Kvenland [Mythological]3, Kara, King in Kvenland [Mythological]2, Fornjotur, King in Kvenland [Mythological]1) was born about 1096 in Blois, Loire-et-Cher, France, died on 25 Oct 1154 in Dover Priory, Dover, England about age 58, and was buried in Faversham Abbey.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Stephen of England :
Stephen often known as Stephen of Blois (c. 1096 - 25 October 1154) was a grandson of William the Conqueror . He was the last Norman King of England , from 1135 to his death, and also the Count of Boulogne jure uxoris . His reign was marked by civil war with his rival the Empress Matilda and general chaos, known as The Anarchy . He was succeeded by Matilda's son, Henry II , the first of the Angevin or Plantagenet kings.
Early life
Stephen was born at Blois in France, son of Stephen , Count of Blois , and Adela of England, (daughter of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders ). One of ten children, his surviving brothers were Count Theobald II of Champagne , Henry of Blois , Bishop of Winchester , and William of Sully . He also had four sisters, including Eléonore of Blois .
Stephen was sent to be raised at the English court of his uncle, King Henry I , in 1106. He became Count