William Fasken and Mabel Bye
Husband William Fasken 1
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:Marriage:
Wife Mabel Bye 1
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Children
1 F Nellie Maria Fasken 1
Born: Jan 1889 - Ontario, Canada Christened: Died: Buried:Spouse: Donald Somers Wallace (1887- ) 2 3 Marr: 16 Mar 1910 - Pilkington Twp, Wellington Co., Ontario, Canada
Joseph Lasby, [Jr.] and Mary Bye
Husband Joseph Lasby, [Jr.] 4
Born: 4 Nov 1846 - Ponsonby, Nichol Twp, Wellington, Ontario, Canada Christened: Died: 31 Jan 1880 - Peel Twp, Wellington, Ontario, Canada Buried:
Father: Joseph Lasby (1810-1878) 5 Mother: Matilda Crowther (1818-1854) 6
Marriage:
Noted events in his life were:
• Residence, 1871 - Pilkington Twp, Wellington Co., Ontario, Canada
![]()
• Owned, (probably) Lots 6S (30 acres) and 5S (50 acres) in Concession IV, 1877 - Pilkington Twp, Wellington Co., Ontario, Canada
Appears on the map as "J. Lasby Jr." These adjoining lots were immediately northwest of one of his father's lots.
1877 county map digitized by the Canadian County Atlas Digital Project at McGill University.
Wife Mary Bye
Born: 5 Apr 1848 - <Ponsonby Twp, Wellington, Ontario, Canada> Christened: Died: 31 Dec 1876 - <Ponsonby Twp, Wellington, Ontario, Canada>![]()
Buried: - Ponsonby Pioneer Cemetery, Ponsonby, Nichol Twp, Wellington, Ontario, Canada 7
Children
Research Notes: Husband - Joseph Lasby, [Jr.]
From Excerpts from....The Lasby Story
by Bill Lasby, Toronto, Canada.. June 18, 1969
(original is 9 typed pages)
at http://www.angelfire.com/in3/vanbrink/lasby.html
The next son, Joseph, married Mary Bye. This family moved to western Canada. I do not have much detail on this family.
-----------
According to D. L. van den Brink, the plat map shows "J. Lasby" to the immediate south of "W. Bye." Either Joseph Lasby or James Marshall Lasby was married to Mary Bye. Both are given as husbands at http://www.angelfire.com/in3/vanbrink/lasby.html.
Burial Notes: Wife - Mary Bye
Mary wife of Joseph Labby D. Dec. 31st, 1876, 28 yrs., 8 mos., 25 days.
James Barry Ariss at http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~clifford/Wellington.htm#Nichol%20Township writes:
Is of the right hand end of the tombstones of the upper course and the stone is probably that of Mary LASBY. The inscription was difficult to interpret, but we read it to be: In remembrance / Mary / -- - / Joseph / ___ / who died Dec 31, 1876 / aged 28 yrs 8 / mos & 25 dys
This was followed by an epitaph which we did not transcribe.
Marjorie Dow recorded the inscription as: In Memory of Mary beloved wife of Joseph LASBY / who died Dec 31 1876 / ae 28 yrs 8 mos 25 dys
Research Notes: Wife - Mary Bye
From http://www.angelfire.com/in3/vanbrink/lasby.html:
"The next son, Joseph, married Mary Bye. This family moved to western Canada. I do not have much detail on this family."
-----------
According to D. L. van den Brink, the plat map shows "J. Lasby" to the immediate south of "W. Bye." Either Joseph Lasby or James Marshall Lasby was married to Mary Bye. Both are given as husbands at http://www.angelfire.com/in3/vanbrink/lasby.html.
James Marshall Lasby and Mary Bye
Husband James Marshall Lasby 8
Born: 15 Jan 1845 - Ponsonby, Nichol Twp, Wellington, Ontario, Canada Christened: Died: Mar 1883 - Minnesota, United States Buried:
Father: Joseph Lasby (1810-1878) 5 Mother: Matilda Crowther (1818-1854) 6
Marriage:
Wife Mary Bye 9
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Children
Death Notes: Husband - James Marshall Lasby
Died from tuberculosis.
Research Notes: Husband - James Marshall Lasby
From Excerpts from....The Lasby Story
by Bill Lasby, Toronto, Canada.. June 18, 1969
(original is 9 typed pages)
at http://www.angelfire.com/in3/vanbrink/lasby.html
The next brother was James, who also accompanied Walter and Oliver to Minnesota. James was to have married a Seaton girl, a sister of Elizbeth's husband. Both Oliver and James died of tuberculosis and Walter looked after their affairs at the time of their deaths. In the Oliver Lasby family there were four children, three girls and a boy. I believe that some of the descendants of this family are still in Minnesota. Others are in California.
-----------
According to D. L. van den Brink, the plat map shows "J. Lasby" to the immediate south of "W. Bye." Either Joseph Lasby or James Marshall Lasby was married to Mary Bye. Both are given as husbands at http://www.angelfire.com/in3/vanbrink/lasby.html.
9
Barney Bynum and Ardis Johnson
Husband Barney Bynum
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:Marriage:
Wife Ardis Johnson
AKA: Mrs. Ardis Johnson Bynum Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Father: John C. "Jack" Johnson (1880- ) Mother: Ethel Allen ( - )
Children
1 F April Lee Bynum
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
2 M Chris Bynum
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:Spouse: Mamie ( - )
3 F Brenda Lynn Bynum
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:Spouse: David ( - )
Merfyn ap Gwriad, King of Gwynedd and Nest verch Cadell
Husband Merfyn ap Gwriad, King of Gwynedd 10 11 12
AKA: Merfyn "the Freckled" King of Gwynedd, Myrfyn Frych ap Gwriad King of Gwynedd Born: Abt 764 Christened: Died: 844 - Battle of Cyfeiliog, Mon Buried:
Father: Gwriad ap Elydir, of Man (Abt 0768-0825) 11 13 14 Mother: Esyllt verch Cynan ( - ) 11 12 15
Marriage:
Noted events in his life were:
• King of Gwynedd, 825-844
on death of Esyllt's uncle, Hywel ap Rhodri
Wife Nest verch Cadell 16 17 18
Born: - Powys, (Wales) Christened: Died: Buried:
Father: Cadell ap Brochwell ( - ) 19 Mother:
Children
1 M Rhodri Mawr ap Merfyn, King of Gwynedd & Powys & Seisyllwg 11 17 20 21
AKA: Rhodri the Great, Rhodri Mawr, Roderick "the Great" Born: 789 - Caer Seiont (Caernarfon), Caernarfonshire, Wales Christened: Died: 878 - Anglesey, Wales 22 Buried:Spouse: Angharad ferch Gwgon ap Meurig (Abt 0811- ) 21 23
Research Notes: Husband - Merfyn ap Gwriad, King of Gwynedd
From A History of Wales, pp. 78-79:
"A chain of marriages begins around 800 when Gwriad, a native of the Isle of Man, who perhaps had links with the Men of the North, married Esyllt of the line of Maelgwn Fawr; their son, Merfyn, became kind of Gwynedd in 825 on the death of Esyllt's uncle, Hywel ap Rhodri, the last of the male descendants of Maelgwn Gwynedd. Merfyn was the first of the lineage known to historians as the second dynasty of Gwynedd. He married Nest of the house of Powys, and their son, Rhodri, married Angharad of the house of Seisyllwg (Ceredigion and Ystrad Tywi)."
-------
From Wikipedia - Merfyn Frych :
Merfyn Frych or Merfyn Frych ap Gwriad (English : Merfyn the Freckled, son of Gwriad) was King of Gwynedd (reigned 825 - 844), the first king not descended from the male line of Maelgwn Gwynedd . Nothing is known of his reign, and his primary notability is as the father of Rhodri the Great . The Annales Cambriae says that he died in 844, the same year in which a battle occurred at Ketill (or Cetyll), but it does not make clear whether there is a connection, or whether it is referring to two unrelated events.[1][2]
Merfyn came to the throne in the aftermath of a bloody dynastic struggle between brothers Cynan (reigned 798 - 816) and Hywel (reigned 816 - 825),[3] at a time when the kingdom had been under pressure from Mercia .[4] He was the son of Ethyllt (or Etthil or Essyllt), the daughter of King Cynan.[note 1] Merfyn allied his own royal family with that of Powys by marrying Nest , daughter of King Cadell ap Brochwel.[note 2]
Merfyn is mentioned as a king of the Britons in a copyist's addition[note 3] to the Historia Brittonum and in the Bamberg Cryptogram, [note 4] but as both sources are traced to people working in Merfyn's own court during his reign, it should not be considered more significant than someone's respectful reference to his patron while working in his service.
In the literary sources, Merfyn's name appears in the Dialogue between Myrddin and his sister Gwenddydd (Welsh : Cyvoesi Myrddin a Gwenddydd y chuaer), found in the mid-13th-century literary work the Red Book of Hergest . The dialogue is a prophesy of the future kings, and lists among them Merfyn in the passage "meruin vrych o dir manaw"[11] (English : Merfyn Frych of the land of Manau).
Background
The times leading up to Merfyn's reign were unsettled for both Gwynedd and neighboring Powys. Both kingdoms were beset by internal dynastic strife, external pressure from Mercia , and bad luck from nature's whims. In 810 there was a bovine plague that killed many cattle throughout Wales. The next year Deganwy , the ancient fortified llys (English : royal court ) of Maelgwn Gwynedd and built of wood, was struck by lightning. A destructive dynastic war raged in Gwynedd between 812 and 816, particularly on Anglesey , while in Powys a son of the king was killed by his brother "through treachery". In 818 there was a notable battle at Llanfaes on Anglesey . The combatants are not identified, but the site had been the llys of King Cynan.[12]
Coenwulf of Mercia took advantage of the situation in 817, occupying Rhufoniog (see map) and laying waste to the mountains of Eryri (English : Snowdonia ), the defensive stronghold of Gwynedd. Coastal Wales along the Dee Estuary was still in Mercian hands in 821, as it is known that Coenwulf died peacefully at Basingwerk in that year. In 823 Mercia laid waste to Powys and returned to Gwynedd to burn down Deganwy.
Gwynedd and Powys then gained a respite when Mercia's attention turned elsewhere and its fortunes waned. King Beornwulf was killed fighting the East Anglians in 826, his successor Ludeca suffered the same fate the following year, and Mercia was conquered and occupied by Ecgberht of Wessex in 829. Though Mercia managed to throw off Ecgberht's rule in 830, it was thereafter beset by dynastic strife, and never regained its dominance, either in Wales or eastern England .[13]
It was just as Mercian power was on the verge of breaking that Merfyn Frych came to the throne, certainly a case of fortuitous timing.
His father
Nothing is known of Merfyn's father Gwriad. Merfyn claimed descent from Llywarch Hen through him, and the royal pedigree in Jesus College MS. 20 says that Gwriad was the son of Elidyr, who bears the same name as his ancestor, the father of Llywarch Hen, Elidyr lydanwyn.[14] Supporting the veracity of the pedigree is an entry in the Annales Cambriae, which states that Gwriad, the brother of Rhodri the Great , was slain on Anglesey by the Saxons. That is to say, Merfyn named one of his sons after his father Gwriad.[15]
The discovery of a cross inscribed Crux Guriat (English : Cross of Gwriad) on the Isle of Man and dated to the 8th or 9th century[16] raised the question of whether Gwriad's possible connection to "Manaw" was to that of the Gododdin or to the Isle of Man, which was known in Welsh as Ynys Manaw. John Rhys suggested that Gwriad might well have taken refuge on the Isle of Man during the bloody dynastic struggle between Cynan and Hywel prior to Merfyn's accession to the throne, and that the cross perhaps does refer to the refugee Gwriad, father of Merfyn. He goes on to note that the Welsh Triads mention a 'Gwryat son of Gwryan in the North'.[17]
While Rhys' suggestion is not implausible, his reference to Gwriad's father Gwryan contradicts the royal pedigree, which says that Gwriad's father was Elidyr, so this may be a confusion of two different people named Gwriad. Gwriad's name does appear with northern origins in the Welsh Triads as one of the "Three kings, who were of the sons of strangers" (sometimes referred to as the "Three Peasant Kings"), where he is identified as the son of "Gwryan in the North".[18]
The other literary references to Gwriad and his father Gwryan also suggest that this Gwriad is a different person with the same name as Merfyn's father. For example, Gwryan's name also appears in The Verses of the Graves from the Black Book of Carmarthen ,[19] as does Gwriad's name,[20] which also appears in the Gododdin .[21]
Notes
^ There is nothing in what is known of Welsh law stating specifically that women were capable of transmitting legal title of kingship, and it is not known whether Merfyn came to the throne through usurpation or prior arrangement. Lloyd 's article on Merfyn in the Dictionary of National Biography says that claims of kingship through a maternal line were sometimes recognised under the Welsh law of inheritance and cites mamwys (English : maternity, heirship through the female line) for the justification.[5] However, mamwys refers to matters of property.
^ The view that Ethyllt was Merfyn's mother and Nest his wife is held by Davies [6] and many others, including Lloyd ,[7] who notes the consistency of Jesus College MS 20 and Harleian MS 3859 against the contrary account that Nest was the mother and Ethyllt the wife.
^ Merfyn's name appears twice in the Historia Brittorum as 'Mermin', with both mentions attributed to later additions to the Historia made in Gwynedd during Merfyn's reign. He is mentioned in a passage as quarto Meruini regis Britonum, and in another passage as ad annum quartum Mermini regis.[8] In his History of Wales, Lloyd notes that this is the addition of a later copyist. Additionally, he notes that the text annum quartum Mermini regis does not appear in other copies of the Historia.[9]
^ The Bamberg Cryptogram was published with English annotation in 1892. It was discovered at Bamberg , Germany and it contains characters that must be translated from Greek numerals to Latin text using using a key in order to read the message (a form of cryptogram ), hence the document's name. It is accompanied by Latin text that names several medieval people of note, and includes the words Mermin Britannorum regis. This was written at the court of Merfyn during his reign.[10]
Birth Notes: Child - Rhodri Mawr ap Merfyn, King of Gwynedd & Powys & Seisyllwg
May have been born sa late as 820.
Death Notes: Child - Rhodri Mawr ap Merfyn, King of Gwynedd & Powys & Seisyllwg
Killed in a battle against the English (Saxons) in 878.
Ynyr ap Cadforch, Lord of Maelors, Oswestry and Whittington and Rhiengar verch Lluddoca ap Caradoc Vreichfras
Husband Ynyr ap Cadforch, Lord of Maelors, Oswestry and Whittington 24
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:Marriage:
Wife Rhiengar verch Lluddoca ap Caradoc Vreichfras
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Father: Lluddoca ap Caradoc Vreichfras, Lord of Hereford ( - ) Mother:
Children
1 M Tudor Trevor ap Ynyr ap Cadforch, Lord of Herefored and Whittington
AKA: Tudur ap Ynyr Born: Abt 918 - Denbighshire, Wales Christened: Died: 948 Buried:Spouse: Angharad ferch Hywel Dda (Cir 0900- ) 25
Research Notes: Husband - Ynyr ap Cadforch, Lord of Maelors, Oswestry and Whittington
From A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland" by John Burke & John Bernard Burke, vol. I (London, 1847), p. 655 "YNYR AP CADFORCH, Lord of both Maelors, Oswestry, and Whittington in Powys, one of the Barons of that Kingdom, m. Rhiengar, dau. and sole heir of Lluddoca ap Caradoc Vreichfras, Lord of Hereford, in South Wales, and was by her father of a son, TUDOR TREVOR,..."
Research Notes: Wife - Rhiengar verch Lluddoca ap Caradoc Vreichfras
From A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland" by John Burke & John Bernard Burke, vol. I (London, 1847), p. 655 "YNYR AP CADFORCH, Lord of both Maelors, Oswestry, and Whittington in Powys, one of the Barons of that Kingdom, m. Rhiengar, dau. and sole heir of Lluddoca ap Caradoc Vreichfras, Lord of Hereford, in South Wales, and was by her father of a son, TUDOR TREVOR,..."
Hefan ap Cadifor ap Maeldaf Hynaf
Husband Hefan ap Cadifor ap Maeldaf Hynaf 26
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Father: Cadifor ap Maeldaf Hynaf ap Unwch Unarchen ( - ) 26 Mother:
Marriage:
Wife
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Children
1 M Cynfawr ap Hefan ap Cadifor 26
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Cyfnerth ap Cadifor ap Run
Husband Cyfnerth ap Cadifor ap Run 26
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Father: Cadifor ap Run ap Mergynawc ( - ) 26 Mother:
Marriage:
Wife
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Children
1 M Cynddelw ap Cyfnerth ap Cadifor 26
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Severus ap Cadivor ap Gwenwynwyn
Husband Severus ap Cadivor ap Gwenwynwyn
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Father: Cadivor ap Gwenwynwyn ( - ) Mother:
Marriage:
Wife
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Children
1 F Cicely verch Severus ap Cadivor
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:Spouse: Dyngad ap Tudor Trevor (Abt 0946- )
Research Notes: Husband - Severus ap Cadivor ap Gwenwynwyn
Source: A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland" by John Burke & John Bernard Burke, vol. I (London, 1847), p. 655
Richard ap Cadwaladr
Husband Richard ap Cadwaladr
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Father: Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd ap Cynan ( - ) Mother:
Marriage:
Wife
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Children
1 F Adlais verch Richard ap Cadwaladr 27 28
AKA: Alice verch Richard ap Cadwaladr Born: Christened: Died: Buried:Spouse: Sir Tudor ap Ednyfed Vychan, of Nant and Llangynhafal ( - ) 27 29 30
Research Notes: Husband - Richard ap Cadwaladr
Grandson of Gruffydd ap Cynan
Source: Annals and Antiquities of the Counties and County Families of Wales by Thomas Nicholas, Vol. I, London, 1872, p. 362.
Sources
1. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=mkallan&id=I14998.
2. Website:, http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~methodists/pilkington.htm.
3. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=mkallan&id=I14994. Cit. Date: 18 Dec 2010.
4. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=rbrink4656&id=I06285.
5. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=rbrink4656&id=I06280.
6. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3245147&id=I632850272.
7. Website:, http://www.waynecook.com/rose.html.
8. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=rbrink4656&id=I06284.
9. Correspondence, Email from Don L. van den Brink ("dutch man") 17 Jun 2010. Cit. Date: 17 Jun 2010.
10. Wikipedia.org, Merfyn Frych; Rhodri the Great. Cit. Date: 22 Sep 2009.
11. Davies, John, A History of Wales. (Rev. ed. New York: Penguin Group, 2007.), pp. 78-79.
12. Website:, http://www.varrall.net/pafg58.htm#1162.
13. Website:, http://www.varrall.net/pafg58.htm#1163.
14. Wikipedia.org, Merfyn Frych.
15. Wikipedia.org, Rhodri the Great. Cit. Date: 17 Jul 2009.
16. Davies, John, A History of Wales. (Rev. ed. New York: Penguin Group, 2007.)
17. Wikipedia.org, Rhodri the Great.
18. Website:, http://www.varrall.net/pafg58.htm#1741.
19. Website:, http://www.varrall.net/pafg86.htm#1742.
20. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 17 Jul 2009.
21. Website:, http://www.varrall.net/pafg58.htm#1160.
22. Ingram, James, translator, The Annales Cambriae 447-954 (The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. London: Everyman Press, 1912.), 877 Rhodri and his son Gwriad is killed by the Saxons.
23. Davies, John, A History of Wales. (Rev. ed. New York: Penguin Group, 2007.), pp. 80-81.
24. Burke, John, A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire. (4th ed., Vol. 1. London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley: 1832.), p. 655.
25. Website:, http://www.varrall.net/pafg58.htm#1156.
26. Glenn, Thomas Allen, ed, Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry. (Philadelphia: (Privately Printed), 1902.), p. 37.
27. Nicholas, Thomas, Annals and Antiquities of the Counties and County Families of Wales (Vol. 1. London: Longmans, Green, Reader, & Co., 1872), p. 362.
28. Lloyd, Jacob Youde William, The History of the Princes, the Lords Marcher, and the Ancient Nobility of Powys Fadog, and the Ancient Lords of Arwystli, Cedewen, and Meirionydd. (Vol. 4. London: Whiting & Co., 1884.), p. 341.
29. Burke, John and John Bernard Burke, A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland, Vol. 1 (London, 1847), p. 736.
30. Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, Dictionary of Welsh Biography (National Library of Wales. 2007. Welsh Biography Online. <http://wbo.llgc.org.uk/en/index.html> ), http://yba.llgc.org.uk/en/s1-GRIF-PEN-1300.html.
1 http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=mkallan&id=I14998.
2 Website:, http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~methodists/pilkington.htm.
3 http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=mkallan&id=I14994. Cit. Date: 18 Dec 2010.
4 http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=rbrink4656&id=I06285.
5 http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=rbrink4656&id=I06280.
6 http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3245147&id=I632850272.
7 Website:, http://www.waynecook.com/rose.html.
8 http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=rbrink4656&id=I06284.
9 Correspondence, Email from Don L. van den Brink ("dutch man") 17 Jun 2010. Cit. Date: 17 Jun 2010.
10 Wikipedia.org, Merfyn Frych; Rhodri the Great. Cit. Date: 22 Sep 2009.
11 Davies, John, A History of Wales. (Rev. ed. New York: Penguin Group, 2007.), pp. 78-79.
12 Website:, http://www.varrall.net/pafg58.htm#1162.
13 Website:, http://www.varrall.net/pafg58.htm#1163.
14 Wikipedia.org, Merfyn Frych.
15 Wikipedia.org, Rhodri the Great. Cit. Date: 17 Jul 2009.
16 Davies, John, A History of Wales. (Rev. ed. New York: Penguin Group, 2007.)
17 Wikipedia.org, Rhodri the Great.
18 Website:, http://www.varrall.net/pafg58.htm#1741.
19 Website:, http://www.varrall.net/pafg86.htm#1742.
20 http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 17 Jul 2009.
21 Website:, http://www.varrall.net/pafg58.htm#1160.
22 Ingram, James, translator, The Annales Cambriae 447-954 (The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. London: Everyman Press, 1912.), 877 Rhodri and his son Gwriad is killed by the Saxons.
23 Davies, John, A History of Wales. (Rev. ed. New York: Penguin Group, 2007.), pp. 80-81.
24 Burke, John, A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire. (4th ed., Vol. 1. London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley: 1832.), p. 655.
25 Website:, http://www.varrall.net/pafg58.htm#1156.
26 Glenn, Thomas Allen, ed, Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry. (Philadelphia: (Privately Printed), 1902.), p. 37.
27 Nicholas, Thomas, Annals and Antiquities of the Counties and County Families of Wales (Vol. 1. London: Longmans, Green, Reader, & Co., 1872), p. 362.
28 Lloyd, Jacob Youde William, The History of the Princes, the Lords Marcher, and the Ancient Nobility of Powys Fadog, and the Ancient Lords of Arwystli, Cedewen, and Meirionydd. (Vol. 4. London: Whiting & Co., 1884.), p. 341.
29 Burke, John and John Bernard Burke, A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland, Vol. 1 (London, 1847), p. 736.
30
Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, Dictionary of Welsh Biography (National Library of Wales. 2007. Welsh Biography Online. <http://wbo.llgc.org.uk/en/index.html> ), http://yba.llgc.org.uk/en/s1-GRIF-PEN-1300.html.
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