Husband Adalrich (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Died:
Buried:
Father: Amalgar
Mother: Aquilina
Marriage:
Wife (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Died:
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Children
1 M Adalrich , Duke of Alsace 1 2
AKA: Adalric Duke of Alsace, Ethic, Eticho Duke of Alsace
Born: Abt 645
Christened:
Died: 20 Feb 690
Buried:
Spouse: Berswinde (Abt 0647- ) 3
Husband Adalrich , Duke of Alsace 1 2
AKA: Adalric Duke of Alsace, Ethic, Eticho Duke of Alsace
Born: Abt 645
Christened:
Died: 20 Feb 690
Buried:
Father: Adalrich 2
Mother:
Marriage:
Noted events in his life were:
• Obtained, Duchy of Alsace, 662
• Duke of Alsace, 662-690
Wife Berswinde 3
Born: Abt 647 - France
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Siegbert III , King of Austrasia (Abt 0615-0656) 4 5
Mother:
Children
1 M Adelbert , Duke of Alsace 6 7
Born: Abt 688 - Alsace, France
Christened:
Died: 722
Buried:
Research Notes: Husband - Adalrich , Duke of Alsace
Founder of the family of the Etichonids
From Wikipedia - Adalrich, Duke of Alsace :
Adalrich (died after 683), also known as Eticho,[1] was the Duke of Alsace , the founder of the family of the Etichonids , and an important and influential figure in the power politic of late seventh-century Austrasia .
Adalrich's family originated in the pagus Attoariensis[2] around Dijon in northern Burgundy . In the mid-seventh century they began to be major founders and patrons of monasteries in the region under a duke named Amalgar and his wife Aquilina.[3] They founded a convent at Brégille and an abbey for men at Bèze , installing children in both abbacies. They were succeeded by their third child, Adalrich,[4] who was the father of Adalrich, Duke of Alsace.
Civil war of 675-679
Adalrich first enters history as a member of the faction of nobles which invited Childeric II to take the kingship of Neustria and Burgundy in 673 after the death of Chlothar III . He married Berswinda, a relative of Leodegar , the famous Bishop of Autun , whose party he supported in the civil war which followed Childeric's assassination two years later (675). Adalrich was duke by March 675, when Childeric had granted him honores in Alsace with the title of dux and asked him to transfer some land to the recently-founded (c. 662) abbey at Gregoriental[5] on behalf of Abbot Valedio. This grant was most probably the result of his support for Childeric in Burgundy, which had often disputed possession of Alsace with Austrasia. Later writers saw Adalrich as the successor in Alsace of Duke Boniface . After Childeric's assassination, Adalrich threw his support behind Dagobert II for the Austrasian throne.
Adalrich abandoned Leodegar and went over to Ebroin , the mayor of the palace of Neustria, sometime before 677, when he appears as an ally of Theuderic, who granted him the monastery of Bèze.[6] Taking advantage of the assassination of Hector of Provence in 679 to bid for power in Provence, he marched on Lyon but failed to take it and, returning to Alsace, switched his support to the Austrasians once more, only to find himself dispossessed of his lands in Alsace by King Theuderic III , an ally (and puppet) of Ebroin's who had opposed Dagobert in Austrasia since 675, who gave them to the Abbey of Bèze that year (679).
Power in Alsace
Adalrich maintained his power in a restricted dukedom which did not encompass land west of the Vosges as it had under Boniface and his predecessors. This land was a part of the kingdoms of Neustria and Burgundy, and only the land between the Vosges and the Rhine south to the Sornegau , later Alsace proper, remained with Austrasia under Adalrich. The west of Vosges was under duke Theotchar .
In Alsace, however, the civil war had resulted in a curtailed royal power and Adalrich's influence and authority, though restricted in territory, was augmented in practical scope. After the war, parts of the Frankish kingdom saw a more powerful viceregal hand under the exercise of the mayors of the palaces, while other regions were even less directly affected by the royal prerogative. The Merovingian palace at Marlenheim in Alsace was never visited by a royal figure again in Adalrich's lifetime. While southern Austrasia had been the centre of Wulfoald 's power, the Arnulflings were a north Austrasian family, who took scarce interest in Alsatian affairs until the 730s and 740s.
Adalrich had initially made his allies counts, but in 683 he granted the comital office to his son and eventual successor Adalbert . By controlling monasteries and counties in the family, Adalrich built up a powerful regional duchy to pass on to his Etichonid heirs.
Relationship with monasteries
Adalrich had a rocky relationship with the monasteries of his realm, upon which he relied for his power. He is infamous for the suppression of that of Grandval and for lording it over monasteries, including his own foundations. According to the Life of Germanus of Grandval, Adalrich "wickedly began oppressing the people in the vicinity [Sornegau] of the monastery and to allege that they had always been rebels against his predecessors." He removed the centenarius ruling in the region and replaced him with his own man, Count Ericho. He exiled the people of the Sornegau, who denied being rebels against previous dukes. Many of the people exiled from the valley were attached to Grandval and could not thus be exiled. Adalrich marched into the valley of the Sornegau with a large army of Alemanni at one end while his lieutenant Adalmund entered with a host by the other. The abbot, Germanus himself, and his provost Randoald met Adalrich with books and relics in order to persuade him not to make violence. The duke granted a wadium,[7] a device of recompense or promise, and offered thus to spare the valley devastation, but for unknown reasons Germanus refused it. The region was ravaged.
Perhaps as penance for his relationship to the deaths of two future saints, Leodegar and Germanus of Grandval, or perhaps out of a secret desire - disclosed it is said to his intimate friends - to found a place to the service of God and take up the religious life, Adalrich founded two monasteries in north central Alsace between 680 and 700: Ebersheim in honour of Saint Maurice and Hohenburg on the site of an old Roman fort (of the emperor Maximian ) discovered by his huntsmen and which he appropriated for his own military uses. Adalrich's daughter Odilia served as Hohenburg's first abbess and was later named patron saint of Alsace by Pope Pius VII in 1807.
Veneration as a saint
His daughter Odilia was reputedly born blind, which Adalrich took as a punishment for some offence done to God. In order to save face with his retainers, he tried to persuade his wife to kill the infant child in secret. Berswinda instead sent the child into hiding with a maid at the monastery of Palma . According to the Life of Odilia, a bishop named Erhard baptised the adolescent girl and smeared a chrism on her eyes, which miraculously restored her sight.
The bishop tried to restore the duke's relationship with his daughter, but Adalrich, fearing the effect of admitting to having a daughter hiding in poverty in a monastery would have on his subjects, refused. A son of his, ignoring Adalrich's orders, brought his sister back to Hohenburg, where Adalrich was holding court. When Odilia arrived, Adalrich, in a rage, struck a blow with his sceptre to his son's head, accidentally killing him. Disgraced, he reluctant allowed Odilia to live in the monastery, which had not abbess, with a minimal wage under a British nun.
Towards the end of his life he was reconciled to her and made her the first abbess of his foundation, handing the abbey over as if it were private property.[8] Through his daughter Adalrich was reconciled to God and as early as the twelfth century was regarded as a saint with a local cult. His burial garments were displayed to pilgrims in his foundation at Hohenburg and a feast day was celebrated annually by the nuns. The portrayal of Adalrich as a nobleman who became holy while retaining his noble status and rank was very popular in the Rhineland and as far away as Bavaria in the Middle Ages. The Life probably sought to show how by simply maltreating a blind daughter in order to save face, Adalrich ended up far more dishonoured than he otherwise would have.
Husband Adalricus , Duke of Alsatia 8
Born: Abt 637
Christened:
Died: 720
Buried:
Father: Lendifius (Abt 0611-0680) 9
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Adalbertus , Duke of Alsatia 10
Born: Abt 663
Christened:
Died: 741
Buried:
Husband Addedomaros , King of the Trinovantes 11
Born:
Christened:
Died: Abt 0020 B.C.
Buried:
Father: Mandubracius , King of the Trinovantes ( - ) 12
Mother: Anna , of Arimathea 13
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Antedois , King of the Iceni (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Died:
Buried:
Husband (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Adela (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Aubri I , Count of Blois (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Died:
Buried:
Husband Stephen , of Blois, Count of Blois 14 15
AKA: Stephen II of Blois, Stephen II Henry Count of Blois
Born: Abt 1045
Christened:
Died: 19 May 1102 - Ramla, (Israel)
Buried:
Marriage: Abt 1080
Noted events in his life were:
• Leader of the First Crusade
Wife Adela , of Normandy 16 17
AKA: Adela of England, Adela of Blois
Born: Betw 1062 and 1067
Christened:
Died: Abt 8 Mar 1137
Buried:
Father: William the Conqueror , Duke of Normandy, King of England (Abt 1028-1087) 18
Mother: Matilda , of Flanders (Abt 1032-1083) 19 20
Children
1 M Stephen , of Blois, King of England 21 22
AKA: Stephen of England
Born: Abt 1096 - Blois, Loire-et-Cher, France
Christened:
Died: 25 Oct 1154 - Dover Priory, Dover, England
Buried: - Faversham Abbey
Spouse: Matilda , of Boulogne (Abt 1105-1151) 23 24
Marr: Abt 1119
2 F Lithuaise (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Milon I "le Grand" , Seigneur Montlhéry and de Bray (living)
Death Notes: Husband - Stephen , of Blois, Count of Blois
Killed in the battle of Ramla.
Research Notes: Husband - Stephen , of Blois, Count of Blois
From Wikipedia - Stephen II, Count of Blois L
Stephen II Henry (c. 1045 - 19 May 1102 ), (in French , Étienne Henri), Count of Blois and Count of Chartres , was the son of Theobald III , count of Blois , and Garsinde du Maine. He married Adela of Normandy , a daughter of William the Conqueror around 1080 in Chartres .
Count Stephen was one of the leaders of the First Crusade , often writing enthusiastic letters to Adela about the crusade 's progress. He returned home in 1098 during the lengthy siege of Antioch , without fulfilling his crusading vow to forge a way to Jerusalem . He was pressured by Adela into making a second pilgrimage, and joined the minor crusade of 1101 in the company of others who had also returned home prematurely. In 1102, Stephen was killed in the Battle of Ramla at the age of fifty-seven.
Family and children
Stephen and Adela's children were:
William, Count of Sully (d.1150), Count of Chartres married Agnes of Sulli (d. aft 1104) and had issue.
Theobald II, Count of Champagne
Odo, died young.
Stephen, King of England
Lucia-Mahaut , married Richard d'Avranches, 2nd Earl of Chester . Both drowned on 25 November 1120 .
Agnes, married Hugh III of Le Puiset
Eléonore (d. 1147) married Raoul I of Vermandois (d. 1152) and had issue; they were divorced in 1142.
Alix (d. 1145) married Renaud III of Joigni (d. 1134) and had issue
Lithuise (d. 1118) married Milo de Brai , Viscount of Troyes (divorced 1115)
Henry, Bishop of Winchester
Humbert, died young.
Lithuise , who married Milon of Troyes , viscount of Troyes , was possibly his sister and not his daughter, judging from the dates of her children.
He had an illegitimate daughter Emma, who was the mother of William of York , archbishop of York .[1]
Research Notes: Wife - Adela , of Normandy
From Wikipedia - Adela of Normandy :
Adela of Normandy also known as Adela of Blois and Adela of England "and also Adela Alice Princess of England" (c. 1062 or 1067 - 8 March 1137?) was, by marriage, Countess of Blois , Chartres , and Meaux . She was a daughter of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders . She was also the mother of Stephen, King of England and Henry of Blois , Bishop of Winchester .
Her birthdate is generally believed to have been between 1060 and 1064; however, there is some evidence she was born after her father's accession to the English throne in 1066. She was the favourite sister of King Henry I of England ; they were probably the youngest of the Conqueror's children. She was a high-spirited and educated woman, with a knowledge of Latin .
She married Stephen Henry , son and heir to the count of Blois , sometime between 1080 and 1084, probably in 1083. Stephen inherited Blois, Chartres and Meaux in 1089, and owned over 300 properties, making him one of the wealthiest men of his day. He was a pious and revered leader who managed huge areas of France which inherited from his father and added to by his sharp administrations. He was, essentially a king in his own right. Stephen-Henry joined the First Crusade , along with his brother-in-law Robert Curthose . Stephen's letters to Adela form a uniquely intimate insight into the experiences of the Crusade's leaders. The Count of Blois returned to France in 1100 bringing with him several cartloads of maps, jewels and other treasures, which he deposited at Chartres. He was, however, under an obligation to the pope for agreements made years earlier and returned to Antioch to participate in the crusade of 1101 . He was ultimately killed in an ill advised charge at the Battle of Ramla . Rumors of his cowardice and defection under fire are untrue and unfounded and have been proven to be propaganda generated by later biased historians. Stephen-Henry was often referred to as "le Sage," and was a great patron of Troubadours and writers.
Adela and Stephen's children are listed here as follows. Their birth order is uncertain.
Guillaume (William)(d. 1150), Count of Chartres married Agnes of Sulli (d. aft 1104) and had issue.
Theobald II, aka Thibaud IV Count of Champagne
Odo of Blois, aka Humbert. died young.
Stephen of Blois {King of England}.
Lucia-Mahaut , married Richard d'Avranches, 2nd Earl of Chester . Both drowned on 25 November 1120.
Agnes of Blois, married Hugh de Puiset and were parents to Hugh de Puiset .
Eléonore of Blois (d. 1147) married Raoul I of Vermandois (d.1152) & had issue they were divorced in 1142.
Alix of Blois (d. 1145) married Renaud (d.1134)III of Joigni & had Issue
Lithuise of Blois (d. 1118) married Milo I of Montlhéry (Divorced 1115)
Philip (d. 1100) Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne
Henry of Blois b.1101- d. 1171 (oblate child raised at Cherite sur Loire (Cluny Abbey) 1103.
Adela was regent for her husband during his extended absence as a leader of the First Crusade (1095-1098), and when he returned in disgrace it was at least in part at her urging that he returned to the east to fulfil his vow of seeing Jerusalem .[citation needed ] She was again regent in 1101, continuing after her husband's death on this second crusading expedition in 1102, for their children were still minors. Orderic Vitalis praises her as a "wise and spirited woman" who ably governed her husband's estates in his absences and after his death.
She employed tutors to educate her elder sons, and had her youngest son Henry pledged to the Church at Cluny . Adela quarrelled with her eldest son Guillaume, "deficient in intelligence as well as degenerate", and had his younger brother Theobald replace him as heir. Her son Stephen left Blois in 1111 to join his uncle's court in England.
Adela retired to Marcigny in 1120, secure in the status of her children. Later that same year, her daughter Lucia-Mahaut , was drowned in the wreck of the White Ship alongside her husband. She lived long enough to see her son Stephen seize the English throne, and took pride in the ascension of her youngest child Henry Blois to the bishophric of Winchester, but died soon after on 8 March 1135 in Marsilly, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France.
Husband Reginar III , Count of Hainaut 25 26
AKA: Rainier III Count of Hainault
Born: 920 - <Hainaut, Belgium>
Christened:
Died: 973
Buried:
Father: Reginar II , Count of Hainaut (Abt 0890-0932) 27
Mother: < > 28
Marriage:
Wife Adela 26 29
AKA: Alice Countess of Equisheim, Alix
Born: Abt 929 - <Hainaut, Belgium>
Christened:
Died: 961
Buried:
Father: Hugh , Count of Equisheim 26
Mother:
Children
1 M Lambert I "the Bearded" , Count of Louvain 26 30
Born: Abt 950 - <Louvain, Brabant>, Belgium
Christened:
Died: 12 Sep 1015
Buried:
Spouse: Gerberga , of Lorraine (Abt 0975-1018) 31
Marr: Betw 985 and 990
Husband Arnold II , Count of Chiny
Born:
Christened:
Died: 1106
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Adela , de Rameru (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Hilduin III de Rameru, Count of Montdidier (Betw 1010-Abt 1063)
Mother: Adele de Roucy (Abt 1014-Abt 1062)
Children
1 M Otto II , Count of Chiny
Born:
Christened:
Died: 28 Mar 1125
Buried:
Spouse: Adelaide , of Namur (1068-1124) 32
Research Notes: Husband - Arnold II , Count of Chiny
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 149-23 (Adelaide of Namur)
Husband Herbert IV , Count of Vermandois and Valois 33 34
Born: Abt 1032 - <Vermandois>
Christened:
Died: Abt 1080 - France
Buried:
Father: Otto , of Vermandois (Abt 1000-1045) 34 35
Mother: Parvie 36
Marriage:
Wife Adela , of Valois and Vexin (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Raoul III "the Great" , Count of Valois and Vexin
Mother: Adele , de Bar-sur-Aube
Children
1 F Adelaide de Vermandois, Countess of Vermandois and Valois 37 34 38
AKA: Adele of Vermandois
Born: Abt 1065 - <Valois, Île-de-France, France>
Christened:
Died: 28 Sep 1120 - <Vermandois>
Buried:
Spouse: Hugh Magnus , of Vermandois and Valois, Duke of France (1057-1102) 39 40
Marr: Bef 1080
2 M Eudes "l'Insensé" (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Research Notes: Husband - Herbert IV , Count of Vermandois and Valois
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 50-22
Also Source: Wikipedia - Elizabeth of Vermandois
Death Notes: Child - Adelaide de Vermandois, Countess of Vermandois and Valois
Husband Conrad I , Count of Andech 41
Born: Abt 800 - Germany
Christened:
Died: 863
Buried:
Father: Guelph I , Count of Altdorf, Duke of Bavaria (Abt 0767-0818) 42 43 44
Mother: Edith von Sachsen (Abt 0774- ) 45
Marriage:
Wife Adela 46
Born: Abt 802 - Tours, Touraine (Indre-et-Loire, France)
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Conrad II , Count of Andech 47
Born: Abt 826 - Germany
Christened:
Died: 881
Buried:
Spouse: Ermentrude (Abt 0832- )
Sources
1. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 181-1.
2. Wikipedia.org, Adalrich, Duke of Alsace. Cit. Date: 13 Sep 2009.
3. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593872411.
4. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593873571.
5. Wikipedia.org, Sigebert III. Cit. Date: 19 Sep 2009.
6. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 181-2.
7. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593872409.
8. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593875376.
9. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593875377.
10. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593875374.
11. http://www.familysearch.org, Compact Disc #94 Pin #317221 (submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer).
12. http://www.familysearch.org, Compact Disc #94 Pin #105896 (submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer).
13. http://www.familysearch.org, Compact Disc #94 Pin #97877 (submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer).
14. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 169-24 (Adela of Normandy).
15. Wikipedia.org, Stephen II, Count of Blois. Cit. Date: 15 Sep 2009.
16. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 169-24.
17. Wikipedia.org, Adela of Normandy. Cit. Date: 15 Sep 2009.
18. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 121-24, 169-23 (Maud of Flanders).
19. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 162-23, 169-23.
20. Wikipedia.org, Matilda of Flanders. Cit. Date: 15 Sep 2009.
21. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 169-25, 165-26 (Matthew of Alsace), 158-24 (Matilda of Boulogne).
22. Wikipedia.org, Stephen of England. Cit. Date: 15 Sep 2009.
23. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 158-24, 165-26 (Matthew of Alsace).
24. Wikipedia.org, Matilda of Boulogne. Cit. Date: 15 Sep 2009.
25. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 155-19.
26. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 31 Jul 2009.
27. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 240-18.
28. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 155-18 (Reginar II).
29. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 155-19 (Reginar III).
30. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 155-20, 148-20 (Gerberga).
31. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 148-20, 155-20 (Lambert I).
32. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 149-23.
33. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 50-22, 140-22.
34. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 23 Jul 2009.
35. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 50-21, 140-21.
36. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 140-21 (Otho).
37. Wikipedia.org, Elizabeth of Vermandois.
38. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 140-23, 50-23.
39. Wikipedia.org, Hugh of Vermandois.
40. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 53-23, 140-23 (Adelaide de Vermandois).
41. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593875362.
42. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 140-14 (Louis I).
43. Wikipedia.org, Louis the Pious.
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47. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593875363.