Husband Agilulf King of the Lombards
AKA: Agilulf the Thuringian King of the Lombards
Born: 547 - Italy
Christened:
Died: 616
Buried:
Father: Ansvald of Turin ( - )
Mother:
Marriage: 591
Noted events in his life were:
• Acceded, as King of the Lombards, 590
Wife Theudelinde of Bavaria, Queen of the Lombards
AKA: Theodelinda
Born: 546 - Metz, Moselle, France
Christened:
Died: 625
Buried:
Father: Garibald I Duke of Bavaria (0540-Abt 0591)
Mother: Waldrada of Lombardy ( - )
Children
1 M Chrodoald of the Lombards
AKA: aDALOALD
Born: Abt 575 - Bavaria [Germany]
Christened:
Died: 624
Buried:
Spouse: Chlodosindis (Abt 0577-After 0587)
2 F Gundiberga
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Research Notes (Husband)
FamilySearch.org Compact Disc #94 Pin #105714
(submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer) has b. 547, d. 616.
From Wikipedia - Agilulf :
Agilulf, called the Thuringian, was the duke of Turin and king of the Lombards (590 - 616 ) in Italy , the cousin of his predecessor Authari and husband of his widow. Son of the Duke Ansvald of Turin, he was raised on the shield by the warriors in Milan in May 591 , on the advice, sought by the Lombard council, of the Catholic queen Theodelinda , whom he soon married himself.
He was baptised to appease his wife and his nation followed suit, though they adopted the Arian denomination, not the Roman faith. In 603 , under the influence of his wife, he abandoned Arianism for Catholicism, and had his son Adaloald baptised. He and his wife built and endowed the Basilica of Monza , where the Iron Crown of Lombardy is still preserved and where Agilulf's crown, dedicated to St John , exists, bearing the incription rex totius Italiae, meaning "king of all Italy", as Agilulf evidently saw himself.
His long reign was marked by the cessation of war with Francia , whose chief peacemaker Guntram , king of Burgundy , had died in 592 . Without him, the Franks descended into civil war which prevented a united assault on Lombardy throughout Agilulf's rule. A truce with the Papacy negotiated in 598 temporarily ended thirty years of Lombard terror in the Ducatus Romanus and he spent most of his warmaking energies on the Byzantine threat. In that year, he consolidated Lombard power, extending the dominion of his kingdom by taking Sutri and Perugia among other Umbrian cities from the exarchate of Ravenna , while maintaining good relations with the Bavarians . He fought the Avars and Slavs , and entered a truce with the Byzantine emperor Maurice in 598 with the aid of Pope Gregory the Great . The next year, Exarch Callinicus broke the truce by kidnapping the travelling daughter of the Lombard king. War erupted and, in 602 , the Byzantine emperor Phocas lost Padua , which Authari had cut off from Ravenna a decade prior. The loss of Padua in turn cut off Mantua and, before the year was out, that city too fell to Agilulf.
In 607 , Witteric , king of the Visigoths , initiated a quadruple alliance against Theuderic II of Burgundy involving Theudebert II of Austrasia , Clotaire II of Neustria , and Agilulf. Theuderic's grandmother and sister had murdered Theuderic's wife, the daughter of Witteric. The alliance does not seem to have had success. Nothing of any actual combat is known except that it took place, probably around Narbonne .
In 605 , he was recognized by the emperor Phocas, who paid a tribute and ceded Orvieto among other towns. The Persian Wars drew Byzantine attention to the Orient and gave respite to Agilulf's final decade on the throne. He had to put down some insurrections and the Avars did not decist from invading Friuli , where they slew its duke, Gisulf, in 610 . Otherwise, his reign ended peacefully and he died in 616 , after reigning for more than a quarter of a century. He was succeeded by Adaloald, his son by Theodelinda, who was still an adolescent , though he had been associated with the throne. He had a daughter Gundiberga who married Arioald who later became king.
Research Notes (Wife)
FamilySearch.org Compact Disc #94 Pin #105707
(submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer) has b. abt 546 in Metz., d. 625
From Wikipedia - Theodelinda :
Theodelinda, queen of the Lombards , (c. 570 - 628 ) was the daughter of duke Garibald I of Bavaria .
She was married first in 588 to Authari , king of the Lombards, son of king Cleph . Authari died in 590 . Theodelinda was allowed to pick Agilulf as her next husband and Authari's successor in 591 . She thereafter exerted much influence in restoring Nicene Christianity (the mainstream, in 1054 split by the East-West Schism in Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy ) to a position of primacy in Italy against its rival, Arian Christianity .
After the conversion of Authari to the Catholic faith, she started building churches in Lombardy and Tuscany , among them the cathedral of Monza and the first Baptistery of Florence. They were all dedicated to Saint John the Baptist .
The famous treasure of Monza contains the Iron Crown of Lombardy and the theca persica, enclosing a text from the Gospel of John , sent by Pope Gregory I (590-604) to her for her son Adaloald . Another of the gifts of this pope to the Lombard queen was a cruciform encolpion (reliquary) containing a portion of the True Cross .
References
Husband Aubrey III de Vere 1st Earl of Oxford and Count of Guînes
Born: Abt 1115
Christened:
Died: 26 Dec 1194
Buried:
Father: Aubrey II de Vere Sheriff of London and Middlesex (Abt 1080-1141)
Mother: Adeliza de Clare ( -1163)
Marriage: 1162 or 1163
Other Spouse: Beatrice of Guînes ( - ) - betw 1137 and 1146
Wife Agnes of Essex
Born: Abt 1151
Christened:
Died: Abt 1206
Buried:
Father: Henry of Essex, Lord of Rayleigh and Haughley ( - )
Mother: Cicely ( - )
Children
1 M Robert de Vere 3rd Earl of Oxford
Born: 1164 - Essex, England
Christened: 1164
Died: Bef 25 Oct 1221 - England
Buried: - Hatfield Regis Priory
Spouse: Isabella de Bolebec (Abt 1165-1245)
Marr: 1207
2 M Aubrey IV de Vere 2nd Earl of Oxford
Born: Bef 1164
Christened:
Died: Oct 1214
Buried:
Spouse: Isabel de Bolebec [the younger] ( -Abt 1207)
Marr: Bef 1207
3 F Alice de Vere
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Ernulf de Kemesech ( - )
Spouse: John Constable of Chester ( - )
Research Notes (Husband)
Source: http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593872200 has b. 1110, d. 26 Dec 1194. "FIRST EARL OF ESSEX. AGNES WAS HIS 3RD WIFE."
From Wikipedia - Aubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford
Aubrey de Vere III (c. 1115-Dec. 1194) was created Earl of Oxford by the empress Matilda in July 1141. He had inherited the barony of Hedingham on the death of his father Aubrey de Vere II in May 1141, when he was already Count of Guînes by right of his wife Beatrice. In July 1141 he was granted an earldom by the Empress Matilda , and was confirmed as the first earl of Oxford by her son King Henry II of England . On the annulment of his first marriage, between 1144-46, he lost Guînes. Earl Aubrey was little involved in national political affairs after this period. His attempt to divorce his third wife, Agnes of Essex , was a celebrated marriage case that Agnes appealed successfully to Pope Alexander III . In 1153 he was present with King Stephen 's army at the siege of Wallingford and attested at the Treaty of Wallingford , finally signed at Westminster . Two of his sons by Agnes, Aubrey IV and Robert, became earls of Oxford. Robert, the third earl, was one of the 25 rebel barons who were to hold King John to the terms of Magna Carta .
Research Notes (Wife)
3rd wife of Aubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford.
From Wikipedia - Aubrey de Vere III :
[Earl Aubrey's] attempt to divorce his third wife, Agnes of Essex , was a celebrated marriage case that Agnes appealed successfully to Pope Alexander III . In 1153 he was present with King Stephen 's army at the siege of Wallingford and attested at the Treaty of Wallingford , finally signed at Westminster . Two of his sons by Agnes, Aubrey IV and Robert, became earls of Oxford. Robert, the third earl, was one of the 25 rebel barons who were to hold King John to the terms of Magna Carta .
From Wikipedia - Agnes of Essex
:
Agnes of Essex, countess of Oxford (c. 1151 - c. 1206 ) was the daughter of Henry of Essex and his second wife. She was betrothed at age three to Geoffrey de Vere, brother of the first earl of Oxford . Raised by the Veres, she later rejected the match with Geoffrey and by 1163 had married his brother Aubrey de Vere III , the earl, as his third wife. After her father's disgrace and forfeiture of lands and offices in that year, the earl sought to have his marriage annulled. Agnes fought the action. On May 9 , 1166 , she appealed her case from the court of the bishop of London to the pope (the archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Becket , being in exile at the time). While the case was pending in Rome, the earl kept Agnes confined, for which the bishop of London reprimanded Aubrey. Pope Alexander III ruled in her favor, thus establishing the right and requirement of consent by females in betrothal and the sacrament of marriage. The couple may have co-operated in the founding of a Benedictine nunnery near their castle at Hedingham, Essex . Having survived her husband, Countess Agnes paid the crown for the right to remain unmarried and died sometime in or after 1206.
Many have followed the mistake of antiquarians in believing the third wife of earl Aubrey to have been named Lucia. A woman of this name was prioress of the nunnery at Castle Hedingham . On Lucia's death, a mortuary or roll was carried to many religious houses in the region requesting prayers, and in the preface of that document Lucia is called the foundress of the priory. As the countess presumably cooperated with her husband in the founding of the house, the erroneous assumption was made that the prioress was in fact the earl's widow.
[edit ] Children
Agnes bore her husband four sons and a daughter, including two future earls of Oxford: Aubrey IV and Robert I . Her daughter Alice married 1) Ernulf de Kemesech, 2) John, constable of Chester.
[edit ] References
Retrieved from ""
Notes (Marriage)
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 246-26
Husband Frederick I von Büren of Hohenstaufen, Duke of Alsace and Swabia
Born: 1050
Christened:
Died: 21 Jul 1105
Buried:
Father: Frederick of Büren ( - )
Mother:
Marriage: 1089
Wife Agnes of Germany
Born: 1072
Christened:
Died: 24 Sep 1143
Buried:
Father: Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor (1050-1106)
Mother: Bertha of Savoy (1051-1087)
Other Spouse: Leopold III Margrave of Austria (1073-1136) - abt or aft 1105
Children
1 M Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, Duke of Swabia
AKA: Frederick II Duke of Swabia
Born: 1090
Christened:
Died: 6 Apr 1147
Buried:
Spouse: Judith of Bavaria (1100-1130)
Marr: 1121
2 M Conrad III King of Germany
Born: 1093
Christened:
Died: 15 Feb 1152
Buried:
Research Notes (Husband)
From Wikipedia - Frederick I, Duke of Swabia : From Wikipedia - Agnes of Germany : Source: Wikipedia - Agnes of Germany
From Wikipedia - Agnes of Germany : by his father, after the death of Duke Henry V.
• Crowned, King of Germany, Easter Day 1028 - Cathedra of Aachen
by Pilgrim, Archbishop of Cologne
• Crowned, Holy Roman Emperor, 1046 - Rome, Italy
by Pope Clement II
From Wikipedia - Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor : Source: Wikipedia - Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor
Source: Wikipedia - Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor and Agnes of Poitou
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 176C-31
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 176C-31
FamilySearch.org Compact Disc #94 Pin #320455 Assassinated by Gundobad
FamilySearch.org Compact Disc #94 Pin #154209 (submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer) FamilySearch.org Compact Disc #94 Pin #317962 FamilySearch.org Compact Disc #94 Pin #319843 FamilySearch.org Compact Disc #94 Pin #319844 FamilySearch.org Compact Disc #94 Pin #140414 FamilySearch.org Compact Disc #94 Pin #140409
Frederick I von Büren (1050 -July 21 , 1105 ) was Duke of Swabia from 1079 to his death. He was the first ruler of Swabia of the House of Hohenstaufen . He was the son of Friedrich von Büren and Hildegard.
In 1089, Frederick married Agnes of Germany , daughter of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor . They had several sons and daughters, amongst whom were:
See also
Source
Research Notes (Wife)
Agnes of Germany (1072 - September 24 , 1143 ), was the daughter of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Bertha of Savoy . Her maternal grandparents were Otto, Count of Savoy, Aosta and Moriana and Adelaide, Marchioness of Turin and Susa.
Agnes married firstly, in 1089, Frederick I, Duke of Swabia . They had several children, amongst whom were Frederick II of Swabia (1090 - 1147) (the father of Frederick Barbarossa ) and Conrad III of Germany (1093 - 1152).
Following Frederick's death in 1105, Agnes married Leopold III (born 1073; died 15 Nov. 1136) and later Margrave of Austria (born 1095; died 1136). Leopold was the son of Margrave Leopold II and Ida of Formbach-Ratelnberg . According to legend, a veil lost by Agnes and found by Leopold years later while hunting instigated him to found the monastery of Klosterneuburg .
Their children were:
According to the Continuation of the Chronicles of Klosterneuburg, there may have been up to seven others (possibly from multiple births) stillborn or died in infancy.
[edit ] Sources and Further Reading
Husband Leopold III Margrave of Austria
Born: 1073
Christened:
Died: 15 Nov 1136
Buried:
Father: Leopold II Margrave of Austria ( - )
Mother: Ida of Formbach-Ratelnberg ( - )
Marriage: abt or aft 1105
Wife Agnes of Germany
Born: 1072
Christened:
Died: 24 Sep 1143
Buried:
Father: Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor (1050-1106)
Mother: Bertha of Savoy (1051-1087)
Other Spouse: Frederick I von Büren of Hohenstaufen, Duke of Alsace and Swabia (1050-1105) - 1089
Children
1 M Leopold IV
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Research Notes (Husband)
Research Notes (Wife)
Agnes of Germany (1072 - September 24 , 1143 ), was the daughter of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Bertha of Savoy . Her maternal grandparents were Otto, Count of Savoy, Aosta and Moriana and Adelaide, Marchioness of Turin and Susa.
Agnes married firstly, in 1089, Frederick I, Duke of Swabia . They had several children, amongst whom were Frederick II of Swabia (1090 - 1147) (the father of Frederick Barbarossa ) and Conrad III of Germany (1093 - 1152).
Following Frederick's death in 1105, Agnes married Leopold III (born 1073; died 15 Nov. 1136) and later Margrave of Austria (born 1095; died 1136). Leopold was the son of Margrave Leopold II and Ida of Formbach-Ratelnberg . According to legend, a veil lost by Agnes and found by Leopold years later while hunting instigated him to found the monastery of Klosterneuburg .
Their children were:
According to the Continuation of the Chronicles of Klosterneuburg, there may have been up to seven others (possibly from multiple births) stillborn or died in infancy.
[edit ] Sources and Further Reading
Husband Henry III "the Black" Holy Roman Emperor
AKA: Heinrich III Holy Roman Emperor, Henry III "the Pious" Holy Roman Emperor
Born: 29 Oct 1017
Christened:
Died: 5 Oct 1056
Buried:
Father: Conrad II of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor ( -1039)
Mother: Gisela of Swabia ( - )
Marriage: 21 Nov 1043 - Ingelheim, Besançon
Other Spouse: Gunhilda of Denmark ( -1038) - Nijmegen
Noted events in his life were:
• Made, Duke of Bavaria as Henry VI, 1026
Wife Agnes of Poitou
AKA: Empress Agnes
Born: Abt 1025
Christened:
Died: 14 Dec 1077
Buried:
Children
1 M Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor
AKA: Heinrich IV Holy Roman Emperor
Born: 11 Nov 1050 - Goslar
Christened:
Died: 7 Aug 1106
Buried: Aug 1111 - Speyer Cathedral
Spouse: Bertha of Savoy (1051-1087)
Marr: 13 Jul 1066 - Trebur
2 F Matilda of Swabia
Born: Oct 1048
Christened:
Died: 12 May 1060 - Põhlde
Buried:
3 F Judith Sophia of Swabia
Born: 1047 - Goslar
Christened:
Died: 14 Mar 1092 or 1096
Buried:
4 F Adelaide Abbess of Gandersheim and Quedlinburg
Born: 1045 - Goslar
Christened:
Died: - 11 jan 1096
Buried:
5 F Gisela
Born: 1047 - Ravenna, Italy
Christened:
Died: 6 May 1053
Buried:
6 M Conrad Duke of Bavaria
AKA: Conrad II Duke of Bavaria
Born: 1052 - Regensburg, Germany
Christened:
Died: 10 Apr 1055
Buried:
Research Notes (Husband)
Henry III (29 October 1017 - 5 October 1056 ), called the Black or the Pious, was a member of the Salian Dynasty of Holy Roman Emperors . He was the eldest son of Conrad II of Germany and Gisela of Swabia and his father made him duke of Bavaria (as Henry VI) in 1026, after the death of Duke Henry V . Then, on Easter Day 1028, his father having been crowned Holy Roman Emperor, Henry was elected and crowned King of Germany in the cathedral of Aachen by Pilgrim, Archbishop of Cologne . After the death of Herman IV, Duke of Swabia in 1038, his father gave him that duchy (as Henry I) as well as the kingdom of Burgundy , which Conrad had inherited in 1033. Upon the death of his father on June 4 , 1039 , he became sole ruler of the kingdom and was crowned emperor by Pope Clement II in Rome (1046).
Early life and reign
Henry's first tutor was Bruno , Bishop of Augsburg . On Bruno's death in 1029, Egilbert, Bishop of Freising , was appointed to take his place. In 1033, at the age of sixteen, Henry came of age and Egilbert was compensated for his services. In 1035, Adalbero , Duke of Carinthia , was deposed by Conrad, but Egilbert convinced Henry to refuse this injustice and the princes of Germany, having legally elected Henry, would not recognise the deposition unless their king did also. Henry, in accordance with his promise to Egilbert, did not consent to his father's act and Conrad, stupefied, fell unconscious after many attempts to turn Henry. Upon recovering, Conrad knelt before his son and exacted the desired consent. Egilbert was penalised dearly by the emperor.
In 1036, Henry was married to Gunhilda of Denmark . She was a daughter of Canute the Great , King of Denmark , England , and Norway , by his wife Emma of Normandy . Early on, Henry's father had arranged with Canute to have him rule over some parts of northern Germany (the Kiel ) and in turn to have their children married. The marriage took place in Nijmegen at the earliest legal age.
In 1038, Henry was called to aid his father in Italy (1038) and Gunhilda died on the Adriatic Coast , during the return trip (during the same epidemic in which Herman IV of Swabia died). In 1039, his father, too, died and Henry became sole ruler and imperator in spe. pcnr...
Children
By his first wife, Gunhilda of Denmark , he had:
By his second wife, Agnes , he had:
Sources
Research Notes (Wife)
Notes (Marriage)
Husband Robert Tuchet
Born: 1264
Christened:
Died: Bef Dec 1341
Buried:
Father: Thomas Tuchet (1244-Bef 1315)
Mother: Margery ( - )
Marriage:
Wife Agnes
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Thomas Tuchet
Born:
Christened:
Died: 18 Aug 1349
Buried:
Spouse: Joan ( - )
Research Notes (Husband)
Research Notes (Wife)
Husband Agricola Consul of Rome
Born: Abt 375 - Rome, Latium, Italy
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Marcus Maecilius Avitus of Rome
Born: Abt 400 - Rome, Latium, Italy
Christened:
Died: Oct 456
Buried:
Research Notes (Husband)
(submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer)
Husband Chilperic II King of the Burgundians
Born: Abt 450
Christened:
Died: 493
Buried:
Father: Gondioc King of the Burgundians (Abt 0420-0473)
Mother:
Marriage:
Other Spouse: Caretena ( -0493)
Wife Agrippine de Bourgogne
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Chroma of the Burgundians
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Clothaire I (Cloderic) - King of Cologne ( - )
Death Notes (Husband)
Research Notes (Husband)
From Wikipedia - Chilperic II of Burgundy - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilperic_II_of_Burgundy :
Chilperic II (c. 450 - 493) was the King of Burgundy from 473 until his death, though initially co-ruler with his father from 463. He began his reign in 473 after the partition of Burgundy with his brothers Godegisel , Godomar , and Gundobad ; he ruled from Valence and his brothers ruled respectively from Geneva , Vienne , and Lyon . They were all sons of Gundioch . Sometime in the early 470s Chilperic was forced to submit to the authority of the Roman Empire by the magister militum Ecdicius Avitus .
In 475 he probably sheltered an exiled Ecdicius after the Visigoths had obtained possession of the Auvergne . After his brother Gundobad had removed his other brother Godomar (Gundomar) in 486, he turned on Chilperic. In 493 Gundobad assassinated Chilperic and drowned his wife, Caretena, then exiled their two daughters, Chroma and Clotilda . Chroma became a nun and Clotilda fled to her uncle, Godegisel. When the Frankish king, Clovis I , requested the latter's hand in marriage, Gundobad was unable to decline. Clovis and Godegisel allied against Gundobad in a long, drawn out civil war.
Research Notes (Wife)
(submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer)
Husband Alaric I King of the Visigoths
Born: Abt 370 - Pannonia
Christened:
Died: 410 - Cosenza, Italy
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Princess of the Visigoths
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F ? Princess of the Visigoths
Born: Abt 375
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Research Notes (Husband)
(submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer)
Research Notes (Wife)
(submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer)
Husband Alaric I de Thuringia
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Galla Placidia of Cauca
Born: Abt 388
Christened:
Died: 27 Nov 450
Buried:
Father: Theodosius of Cauca (0346- )
Mother: Galla Juntina Valentina of Rome (0395- )
Children
1 F Basina de Thuringia
Born: 398 - Thuringia, Germany
Christened:
Died: Abt 414 - France
Buried:
Spouse: Clodio King of the Salic Franks (Abt 0395-0447)
Research Notes (Husband)
(submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer)
Research Notes (Wife)
(submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer) has b. 363. Wikipedia has b. abt 188.
Wikipedia - Galla Placidia -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galla_Placidia
Aelia Galla Placidia (c. 388 - November 27 , 450 ) was the daughter of Roman Emperor Theodosius I and his second wife Galla , who herself was daughter of the Emperor Valentinian I , Galla Placidia was half sister of emperors Honorius and Arcadius .
She had spent much time in the household of Stilicho the Vandal and his wife Serena . Stilicho was effectively the military steward of the West, and according to himself also of the East. He was executed by Honorius, however, in 408 causing most of the non-Italians in Roman service to go over to Visigoth chieftain Alaric I - who promptly invaded Italy.
In either 409 or 410, during Alaric 's siege of Rome , Galla became the captive of the Visigoths, who kept her with them as they sacked Rome (for three days beginning August 24 , 410 ), then wandered through Italy where Alaric died in the same year, and later Gaul .
She married Athaulf , brother-in-law of Alaric, and king of the Visigoths after Alaric's death, at Narbo in January 414 , although the historian Jordanes states that they married earlier, in 411 at Forum Livii (Forlì ). Jordanes's date may actually be when she and the Gothic king first became more than captor and captive. She had a son, Theodosius, by the Visigothic king, but he died in infancy and was buried in Barcelona . Years later the corpse was exhumed and reburied in the imperial mausoleum in Saint Peter's Basilica , Rome. Athaulf was mortally wounded by a servant of a Gothic chieftain he had slain, and before dying in the late summer of 415 , instructed his brother to return Galla to the Romans. It was the Gothic King Wallia who traded her to the Romans in return for a treaty and supplies early in 416 .
Interior of the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia in Ravenna .
Her brother Honorius forced her into marriage to the Roman Constantius in January of 417 . They had a son who became Valentinian III , and a rather more strong-willed daughter, Justa Grata Honoria . Constantius became emperor in 421 , but died shortly afterwards. Galla herself, the former Augusta, was however forced from the Western empire. Whatever the politics or motivations, the public issue was increasingly scandalous public sexual caresses from her own brother Honorius. She left with her young children to find refuge at Constantinople . After Honorius died in 423 , and after the suppression of Joannes despite his ally Aëtius ' attempt to raise troops to his aid, her son Valentinian was elevated as Emperor in Rome in 425 .
At first she attempted to rule in her son's name, but as the generals loyal to her one by one either died or defected to Aëtius, imperial policy came to rest in his hands by the time he was made patrician. Placidia apparently was the one who made peace with Aetius - he later was pivotal to the defense of the Western Empire against Attila the Hun - who was diverted from his focus on Constantinople towards Italy as his target due to a foolish letter from Placidia's own daughter, Justa Grata Honoria , in spring 450 , asking him to rescue her from an unwanted marriage to a senator that the Imperial family, including Placidia, was trying to force on her. Placidia's last notable public act was to convince her son Valentinian III to exile rather than kill Honoria for this. She died shortly afterwards at Rome in November 450, and did not live to see Attila ravage Italy in 451 -453 in a much more brutal campaign than the Goths had waged, using Justa's letter as their sole "legitimate" excuse.
Throughout her life Galla remained a devout Catholic , and in her later years endowed or enriched several churches in Ravenna . Her Mausoleum in Ravenna was one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites inscribed in 1996 .
[edit ] External links
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Galla Placidia