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Wife Jacquetta , of Luxembourg 1
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1 F Jacquetta Woodville 1
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Spouse: John L'Estrange ( - ) 1
Husband James I , of Aragon 2
AKA: James I "the Conqueror" King of Aragon
Born: 2 Feb 1208
Christened:
Died: 27 Jul 1276
Buried:
Marriage: 1235
Wife Violant , of Hungary 3
AKA: Yolanda de Hungría
Born: Abt 1216
Christened:
Died: 1253
Buried: - Monastery of Santa Maria de Vallbona, Lleida, Catalonia
Father: Andrew II , of Hungary (Abt 1177-1235) 4
Mother: Yolanda de Courtenay (Abt 1200-1233) 5
Children
1 F Yolanda , of Aragon 6
AKA: Violant of Aragon, Violante of Aragon
Born: 1236 - Zaragoza, Aragon (Zaragoza), (Spain)
Christened:
Died: 1301 - Roncevalles
Buried:
Spouse: Alfonso X "El Sabio" , King of Galicia, Castile and León (1221-1284) 7
Marr: 26 Dec 1246 - Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
Research Notes: Husband - James I , of Aragon
From Wikipedia - James I of Aragon :
James I the Conqueror (Catalan : Jaume el Conqueridor, Aragonese : Chaime lo Conqueridor, Spanish : Jaime el Conquistador, Occitan : Jacme lo Conquistaire; 2 February 1208 - 27 July 1276) was the King of Aragon , Count of Barcelona , and Lord of Montpellier from 1213 to 1276. His long reign saw the expansion of the Crown of Aragon on all sides: into Valencia to the south, Languedoc to the north, and the Balearic Islands to the east. By a treaty with Louis IX of France , he wrested the county of Barcelona from nominal French suzerainty and integrated it into his crown. His part in the Reconquista was similar in Mediterranean Spain to that of his contemporary Ferdinand III of Castile in Andalusia .
As a legislator and organiser, he occupies a high place among the Spanish kings. James compiled the Libre del Consulat de Mar ,[1] which governed maritime trade and helped establish Aragonese supremacy in the western Mediterranean . He was an important figure in the development of Catalan , sponsoring Catalan literature and writing a quasi-autobiographical chronicle of his reign: the Llibre dels fets .
Early life and reign until majority
James was born at Montpellier as the only son of Peter II and Mary , heiress of William VIII of Montpellier and Eudokia Komnene . As a child, James was a pawn in the power politics of Provence , where his father was engaged in struggles helping the Cathar heretics of Albi against the Albigensian Crusaders led by Simon IV de Montfort , Earl of Leicester , who were trying to exterminate them. Peter endeavoured to placate the northern crusaders by arranging a marriage between his son James and Simon's daughter. He entrusted the boy to be educated in Montfort's care in 1211, but was soon forced to take up arms against him, dying at the Battle of Muret on 12 September 1213. Montfort would willingly have used James as a means of extending his own power had not the Aragonese and Catalans appealed to Pope Innocent III , who insisted that Montfort surrender him. James was handed over, at Carcassonne , in May or June 1214, to the papal legate Peter of Benevento .
James was then sent to Monzón , where he was entrusted to the care of William of Montredon , the head of the Knights Templar in Spain and Provence; the regency meanwhile fell to his great uncle Sancho, Count of Roussillon , and his son, the king's cousin, Nuño . The kingdom was given over to confusion until, in 1217, the Templars and some of the more loyal nobles brought the young king to Zaragoza .[2]
In 1221, he was married to Eleanor, daughter of Alfonso VIII of Castile and Leonora of England . The next six years of his reign were full of rebellions on the part of the nobles. By the Peace of Alcalá of 31 March 1227, the nobles and the king came to terms.[3]
Acquisition of Urgell
In 1228, James faced the sternest opposition from a vassal yet. Guerau IV de Cabrera had occupied the County of Urgell in opposition to Aurembiax , the heiress of Ermengol VIII , who had died without sons in 1208. While Aurembiax' mother, Elvira, had made herself a protegée of James' father, on her death (1220), Guerao had occupied the county and displaced Aurembiax, claiming that a woman could not inherit.
James intervened on behalf of Aurembiax, whom he owed protection. He bought Guerau off and allowed Aurembiax to reclaim her territory, which she did at Lleida , probably also becoming one of James' earliest mistresses.[4] She surrendered Lleida to James and agreed to hold Urgell in fief from him. On her death in 1231, James exchanged the Balearic Islands for Urgell with her widower, Peter of Portugal .
Relations with France and Navarre
From 1230 to 1232, James negotiated with Sancho VII of Navarre , who desired his help against his nephew and closest living male relative, Theobald IV of Champagne . James and Sancho negotiated a treaty whereby James would inherit Navarre on the old Sancho's death, but when this did occur, the Navarrese nobless instead elevated Theobald to the throne (1234), and James disputed it. Pope Gregory IX was required to intervene.[5] In the end, James accepted Theobald's succession.
James endeavoured to form a state straddling the Pyrenees , to counterbalance the power of France north of the Loire . As with the much earlier Visigothic attempt, this policy was victim to physical, cultural, and political obstacles. As in the case of Navarre, he was too wise to launch into perilous adventures. By the Treaty of Corbeil , signed in May 1258, he frankly withdrew from conflict with Louis IX of France and was content with the recognition of his position, and the surrender of antiquated and illusory French claims to the overlordship of Catalonia.
Reconquest
After his false start at uniting Aragon with the Kingdom of Navarre through a scheme of mutual adoption, James turned to the south and the Mediterranean Sea , where he conquered Majorca on 10 September in 1229 and the rest of the Balearic Islands; Minorca 1232; Ibiza 1235) and where Valencia capitulated 28 September 1238.
During his remaining two decades after Corbeil, James warred with the Moors in Murcia , on behalf of his son-in-law Alfonso X of Castile . On 26 March 1244, the two monarchs signed the Treaty of Almizra to determine the zones of their expansion into Andalusia so as to prevent squabbling between them. Specifically, it defined the borders of the newly-created Kingdom of Valencia . James signed it on that date, but Alfonso did not affirm it until much later. According to the treaty, all lands south of a line from Biar to Villajoyosa through Busot were reserved for Castile.
Crusade of 1269
The "khan of Tartary" (actually the Ilkhan ) Abaqa corresponded with James in early 1267, inviting him to join forces with the Mongols and go on Crusade .[6] James sent an ambassador to Abaqa in the person of Jayme Alaric de Perpignan , who returned with a Mongol embassy in 1269.[7] Pope Clement IV tried to dissuade James from Crusading, regarding his moral character as sub-par, and Alfonso X did the same. Nonetheless, James, who was then campaigning in Murcia , made peace with Mohammed I ibn Nasr , the Sultan of Granada , and set about collecting funds for a Crusade. After organising the government for his absence and assembling a fleet at Barcelona in September 1269, he was ready to sail east. The troubadour Olivier lo Templier composed a song praising the voyage and hoping for its success. A storm, however, drove him off course and he landed at Aigues-Mortes . According to the continuator of William of Tyre , he returned via Montpellier por l'amor de sa dame Berenguiere ("for the love his lady Berengaria") and abandoned any further effort at a Crusade.
James' bastard sons Pedro Fernández and Fernán Sánchez , who had been given command of part of the fleet, did continue on their way to Acre , where they arrived in December. They found that Baibars , the Mameluke sultan of Egypt , had broken his truce with the Kingdom of Jerusalem and was making a demonstration of his military power in front of Acre. During the demonstration, Egyptian troops hidden in the bushes ambushed a returning Frankish force which had been in Galilee . James' sons, initially eager for a fight, changed their minds after this spectacle and returned home via Sicily , where Fernán Sánchez was knighted by Charles of Anjou .
Patronage of art, learning, and literature
James built and consecrated the Cathedral of Lleida , which was constructed in a style transitional between Romanesque and Gothic with little influence from Moorish styles .[8]
James was a patron of the University of Montpellier , which owed much of its development to his impetus.[9] He also founded a studium at Valencia in 1245 and received privileges for it from Pope Innocent IV , but it did not develop as splendidly.[10] In 1263, James presided over a debate in Barcelona between the Jewish rabbi Nahmanides and Pablo Christiani , a prominent converso .
James was the first great sponsor and patron of vernacular Catalan literature. Indeed, he may himself be called "the first of the Catalan prose writers."[11] James wrote or dictated at various stages a chronicle of his own life, Llibre dels fets in Catalan, which is the first self-chronicle of a Christian king. As well as a fine example of autobiography the "Book of Deeds" expresses concepts of the power and purpose of monarchy; examples of loyalty and treachery in the feudal order; and medieval military tactics. More controversially, some historians have looked at these writings as a source of Catalan identity, separate from that of Occitania and Rome .
James also wrote the Libre de la Saviesa or "Book of Wisdom." The book contains proverbs from various authors going back as far as King Solomon and as close to his own time, such as Albert the Great . It even contains maxims from the medieval Arab philosophers and from the Apophthegmata Philosophorum of Honein ben Ishak , which was probably translated at Barcelona during his reign. A Hebrew translator by the name of Jehuda was employed at James's court during this period.[12]
Though James was himself a prose writer and sponsored mostly prose works, he had an appreciation of verse.[13] In consequence of the Albigensian Crusade , many troubadours were forced to flee southern France and many found refuge in Aragon. Notwithstanding his early patronage of poetry, by the influence of his confessor Ramon de Penyafort , James brought the Inquisition into his realm in 1233 to prevent any vernacular translation of the Bible .[14]
Succession
The favour James showed his illegitimate offspring led to protest from the nobles, and to conflicts between his sons legitimate and illegitimate. When one of the latter, Fernán Sánchez , who had behaved with gross ingratitude and treason to his father, was slain by the legitimate son Peter , the old king recorded his grim satisfaction.
In his Will James divided his states between his sons by Yolanda of Hungary : the aforementioned Peter received the Hispanic possessions on the mainland and James , the Kingdom of Majorca (including the Balearic Islands and the counties of Roussillon and Cerdanya ) and the Lordship of Montpellier. The division inevitably produced fratricidal conflicts. In 1276, the king fell very ill at Alzira and resigned his crown, intending to retire to the monastery of Poblet , but he died at Valencia on 27 July.
Marriages and children
James first married, in 1221, Eleanor, daughter of Alfonso VIII of Castile and Leonora of England . Though he later had the marriage annulled, his one son by her was declared legitimate:
Alfonso (1229-1260), married Constance of Montcada , Countess of Bigorre
In 1235, James remarried to Yolanda , daughter of Andrew II of Hungary by his second wife Yolande de Courtenay. She bore him numerous children:
Yolanda , also known as Violant, (1236-1301), married Alfonso X of Castile
Constance (1239-1269), married Juan Manuel, Lord of Villena , son of Ferdinand III
Peter (1240-1285), successor in Aragon, Catalonia, and Valencia
James (1243-1311), successor in Balearics and Languedoc
Ferdinand (1245-1250)
Sancha (1246-1251)
Isabella (1247-1271), married Philip III of France
Mary (1248-1267), nun
Sancho, Archbishop of Toledo (1250-1279)
Eleanor (born 1251, died young)
James married thirdly Teresa Gil de Vidaure , but only by a private document, and left her when she developed leprosy.
James (c.1255-1285), lord of Xèrica
Peter (1259-1318), lord of Ayerbe
The children in the third marriage were recognised in his last Will as being in the line of Successon to the Throne, should the senior lines fail.
James also had several lovers, both during and after his marriages, and a few bore him illegitimate sons.
By Blanca d'Antillón:
Ferran Sanchis (or Fernando Sánchez; 1240-1275), baron of Castro
By Berenguela Fernández:
Pedro Fernández, baron of Híjar
By Elvira Sarroca:
Jaume Sarroca (born 1248), Archbishop of Huesca
Research Notes: Wife - Violant , of Hungary
From Wikipedia - Violant of Hungary :
Violant of Hungary (Esztergom , Kingdom of Hungary , c. 1216 - 1253) was Queen consort of James I of Aragon . She is also called Jolánta in Hungarian , Iolanda or Violant d'Hongria in Catalan and Yolanda or Violante de Hungría in Spanish .
Family
Violant was a daughter of Andrew II of Hungary and Violant of Courtenay . Her paternal grandparents were Béla III of Hungary and his first wife Agnes of Antioch . Her maternal grandparents were Peter II of Courtenay and his second wife Yolanda of Flanders .
Violant was a half-sister of Anne Marie, Empress of Bulgaria , Béla IV of Hungary , Saint Elisabeth of Hungary and Coloman of Lodomeria .
Violant's mother died in 1233, when Violant was seventeen years old. Her father remarried, to Beatrice d'Este , they had a son called Stephen.
Marriage
Violant married James I in 1235, being his second wife. By the marriage, Violant became Queen Consort of Aragon . James already had one son, Alfonso by his first marriage to Eleanor of Castile . James however divorced Eleanor and decided to remarry, he chose Violant.[1] [2]
James and Violant had ten children:
Violant of Aragon (1236-1301), queen of Castile by her marriage to Alphonse X .
Constance of Aragon (1239-1269), infanta of Castile by her marriage to Juan Manuel of Castile , son of Ferdinand III of Castile .
Peter III of Aragon (1240-1285).
James II of Majorca (1243-1311).
Ferdinand of Aragon (1245-1250).
Sancha of Aragon (1246-1251).
Isabella of Aragon (1247-1271), married Philip III of France
Maria of Aragon (1248-1267), nun.
Sancho, Archbishop of Toledo (1250-1275)
Eleanor of Aragon (1251-?, young)
Violant's daughter, Isabella became Queen of France by her marriage to Philip III of France . Isabella was mother of Philip IV of France and Charles of Valois .
Charles of Valois was father of Philip VI of France , Isabella, Duchess of Bourbon and Blanche, Queen of Germany .
Violant died in 1253. Violant and her daughter Sancha's remains are at the monastery of Santa Maria de Vallbona in Lleida , Catalonia .
Her husband remarried one more time, to Teresa Gil de Vidaure , who was once James' mistress.
Husband Evan ap Robert Lewis, of Vron Gôch farm, Lord of Rhiwlas 8 9
AKA: Evan Robert Lewis
Born: Abt 1585
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Robert ap Lewis ap Griffith, Lord of Rhiwlas ( - )
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife Jane
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Owen ap Evan, of Vron Gôch farm 8 10
Born: Bef 1636 - <Fron Gôch, Penllyn, Merionethshire, Wales>
Christened:
Died: 1669 - Fron Gôch, Penllyn, Merionethshire, Wales
Buried:
Spouse: Gainor John ( -Abt 1682) 8 11
2 M Evan ap Evan, of Vron Gôch farm, Merionethshire 12 13
Born: - <Vron Gôch, Penllyn, Merionethshire, Wales>
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
3 M John ap Evan 10
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Research Notes: Husband - Evan ap Robert Lewis, of Vron Gôch farm, Lord of Rhiwlas
Source: Welsh Settlement of Pensylvania by Charles H. Browning (Philadelphia, 1912), p. 282
Research Notes: Wife - Jane
Source: Welsh Settlement of Pensylvania by Charles H. Browning (Philadelphia, 1912), p. 282
Husband Owen Humphrey, of Llwyn du 14 15
AKA: Humphrey Owen of Llwyn du
Born: 1625 - <Llwyn du>, Llangelynin Parish, Talybont, Merionethshire, Wales
Christened: 13 Apr 1629 - Llangelynin Parish, Talybont, Merionethshire, Wales
Died: 1699 - Llangelynin Parish, Talybont, Merionethshire, Wales
Buried:
Father: Humphrey ap Hugh, of Llwyn du (Betw 1600/1603-1664)
Mother: Elizabeth verch John Powell, of Gadfa, Rhiwargor (1593/1607- )
Marriage:
Other Spouse: Margaret Vaughan (1630-1699) 16 17 - 1681 - London, England
Other Spouse: Elizabeth Thomas (Abt 1631- ) 17
Noted events in his life were:
• Justice, 1678
Wife Jane 18
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Rebecca Humphrey
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Research Notes: Husband - Owen Humphrey, of Llwyn du
2nd son and heir of Humphrey ap Hugh.
From Welsh Settlement of Pensylvania, p. 151:
"[John Humphrey and Samuel Humphrey] were brothers to Owen Humphrey, of Llwyn du, 1625-1695, a J. P. in Merioneth, and a prominent Friend, who was the father of Rebecca, wife of Robert Owen, of Merion [Pennsylvania], and Elizabeth, wife of John Roberts..."
-------------
From Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry, p. 48:
"Issue [of Humphrey ap Hugh]:...
3. Owen, bapt. in Llangelynin Church, 13 April, 1629; of whom presently [see footnote 3, p. 48]..."
Footnote 3, p. 48:
"Owen Humphrey, second son and heir of Humphrey ap Hugh, inherited Llwyn du. He married Margaret, daughter of ______________, and had, among other issue, some of whom removed to Pennsylvania, a daughter, Rebecca, who married, 1678, Robert Owen, of Fron Gôch, near Bala, in the Comôt of Pennlyn, Merionethshire. Robert and Rebecca Owen removed to Pennsylvania in 1690 and settled in Merion Township, where they died 1697, leaving besides daughters, male issue as follows; Evan Owen, Provincial Councillor, Judge of Court of Common Pleas, etc.; Owen Owen, High Sheriff of Philadelphia County and Coroner; John Owen High Sheriff of the County of Chester, Member of Assembly and Trustee of the Loan Office; and Robert Owen, who married Susanna, daughter of William Hudson, Mayor of Philadelphia. The second Robert Owen's daughter, Hannah, married, first, John Ogden, by whom she had a son, William Ogden, who left issue, and, secondly, Joseph Wharton, of Walnut Grove, by whom she had, besides other children, Robert Wharton, Mayor of Philadelphia, Captain of First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry."
Husband John Wilmot
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Jane
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Constant Wilmot
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: John Ashman (Abt 1689-Aft 1731)
Marr: 1713 or 1714
Research Notes: Husband - John Wilmot
http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~jsa3rd/AshmanAncestorsinAmerica.htm
Research Notes: Wife - Jane
http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~jsa3rd/AshmanAncestorsinAmerica.htm
Husband John McWilliams
Born: 1760 - Scotland
Christened:
Died: - Canada
Buried:
Marriage: - Scotland
Wife Jean 19 20
Born: 1762 - Scotland
Christened:
Died: - Canada
Buried:
Children
1 F Elizabeth McWilliams 21 22
Born: 1784 - Montréal, Québec, Canada
Christened:
Died: 1861 - Osnabruck Centre, Osnabruck Twp, Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, Ontario, Canada
Buried:
Spouse: Johannes Papst (1777-1869) 17 19 23 24
Marr: 10 Jun 1800 - Osnabruck Twp, Stormont, Eastern District (Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry), Ontario, Canada
2 M John McWilliams, [Jr.]
Born: - Osnabruck Centre, Osnabruck Twp, Stormont (Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry), Ontario, Canada
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
3 F Nancy McWilliams
Born: - Osnabruck Centre, Osnabruck Twp, Stormont (Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry), Ontario, Canada
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
4 M Robert McWilliams
Born: - Cornwall Twp, Stormont, Ontario, Canada
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
5 M David McWilliams
Born: 1780 - Osnabruck Centre, Osnabruck Twp, Stormont (Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry), Ontario, Canada
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
6 M James McWilliams 19 25
Born: 1790 - Osnabruck Centre, Osnabruck Twp, Stormont (Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry), Ontario, Canada
Christened: 1 Aug 1790
Died:
Buried:
Research Notes: Husband - John McWilliams
Source: http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=dmuir1&id=I2606
Research Notes: Wife - Jean
From George Cloakey email 21 Dec 2009:
We have some evidence that John McWilliams' wife's given name was Jean. From the Wesleyan Baptism Records we have:
McWilliam, Jean, witness at baptism of Maria, daughter of John & Catharina Philipps, 30 Jun. 1793
McWilliams, John & wife Jeane, baptised James, Aug. 1 1790, witness Johannes Rettig & wife Margarethe. Posted by Gord Adams
Christening Notes: Child - James McWilliams
Witnesses: Johannes Rettig and wife Margarethe
Husband Jean I , Count of Ponthieu 26
AKA: John I of Ponthieu
Born: Abt 1140
Christened:
Died: 1191
Buried:
Father: Guy II , of Ponthieu (Abt 1120-1147) 27
Mother:
Marriage:
Noted events in his life were:
• Count of Ponthieu, 1147-1191
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M William IV , of Ponthieu 28
AKA: William IV de Bellême, William IV Count of Ponthieu, William III Talvas
Born: 1179
Christened:
Died: 4 Oct 1221
Buried:
Research Notes: Husband - Jean I , Count of Ponthieu
From Wikipedia - John I, Count of Ponthieu :
John I of Ponthieu (c. 1140-1191) was the son of Guy II of Ponthieu and succeeded him as Count of Ponthieu in 1147. He married Beatrice of Saint-Pol , and was succeeded by his son William IV Talvas .
Husband Jean de Brienne, of Acre 29 30
Born: Abt 1217 - <Acre, Palestine>
Christened:
Died: 1296
Buried:
Father: Jean de Brienne, King of Jerusalem (Abt 1195-1237) 30 31
Mother: Berenguela , Princess of Leon and Castile (Abt 1199-1237) 30
Marriage: 1251
Noted events in his life were:
• Grand Butler of France, 1258
Wife Jeanne , de Châteaudun 32 33
Born: Abt 1223
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Geoffrey VI , Vicomte of Châteaudun ( -1249) 32
Mother: Clemence ( - ) 32
Children
1 F Blanche de Brienne, Lady of Loupeland 30 34
Born: Abt 1245 - <Courtrain, Mynn>, France
Christened:
Died: 1302
Buried:
Spouse: William de Fiennes (Abt 1245-1302) 30
Marr: 1269 - Wigmore, Herefordshire, England
Research Notes: Wife - Jeanne , de Châteaudun
Second wife of Jean de Brienne.
Death Notes: Child - Blanche de Brienne, Lady of Loupeland
Ancestral Roots has d. after 1269. FamilySearch has d. 1302.
Sources
1. Wikipedia.org, George Stanley, 9th Baron Strange. Cit. Date: 15 Sep 2009.
2. Wikipedia.org, James I of Aragon. Cit. Date: 14 Sep 2009.
3. Wikipedia.org, Violant of Hungary. Cit. Date: 14 Sep 2009.
4. Wikipedia.org, Andrew II of Hungary. Cit. Date: 14 Sep 2009.
5. Wikipedia.org, Yolanda de Courtenay. Cit. Date: 14 Sep 2009.
6. Wikipedia.org, Violant of Aragon. Cit. Date: 13 Sep 2009.
7. Wikipedia.org, Alfonso X of Castile. Cit. Date: 13 Sep 2009.
8. Browning, Charles H, Welsh Settlement of Pensylvania. (Philadelphia: William J. Campbell, 1912.), p. 282.
9. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. (Vol. 13. Philadelphia: Publication Fund of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1889.), Glenn, Thomas Allen, "Owen of Merion," p. 168. (Digitized by Google)
10. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. (Vol. 13. Philadelphia: Publication Fund of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1889.), Glenn, Thomas Allen, "Owen of Merion," p. 168. Cit. Date: 15 Apr 2009.
11. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. (Vol. 13. Philadelphia: Publication Fund of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1889.), Glenn, Thomas Allen, "Owen of Merion," p. 168-169. Cit. Date: 15 Apr 2009.
12. Browning, Charles H, Welsh Settlement of Pensylvania. (Philadelphia: William J. Campbell, 1912.), p. 284.
13. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. (Vol. 13. Philadelphia: Publication Fund of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1889.), Glenn, Thomas Allen, "Owen of Merion," pp. 168-169. Cit. Date: 15 Apr 2009.
14. Browning, Charles H, Welsh Settlement of Pensylvania. (Philadelphia: William J. Campbell, 1912.), p. 151, 286.
15. Glenn, Thomas Allen, ed, Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry. (Philadelphia: (Privately Printed), 1902.), p. 48.
16. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=billotte&id=P3368786258.
17. http://www.familysearch.org.
18. Browning, Charles H, Welsh Settlement of Pensylvania. (Philadelphia: William J. Campbell, 1912.), pp. 286-287.
19. Web - Message Boards, Discussion Groups, Email, Email from George Cloakey 21 Dec 2009.
20. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=dmuir1&id=I2607.
21. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=dmuir1&id=I2486.
22. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:2591631&id=I530974645 (Rosemary Benson). Cit. Date: 30 Nov 2001.
23. Website - Genealogy, http://awt.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=ladypi&id=I11575&ti=5519.
24. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~poaps/Origin.htm.
25. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=dmuir1&id=I2610.
26. Wikipedia.org, John I, Count of Ponthieu. Cit. Date: 15 Sep 2009.
27. Wikipedia.org, Guy II of Ponthieu. Cit. Date: 15 Sep 2009.
28. Wikipedia.org, William IV, Count of Ponthieu. Cit. Date: 15 Sep 2009.
29. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 120-30.
30. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 6 Aug 2009.
31. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 144-28, 120-29 (Berengaria of Leon).
32. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 120-30 (Jean de Brienne).
33. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 8 Aug 2009.
34. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 120-31.