1. William the Conqueror Duke of Normandy, King of England,1 2 son of Robert I , Duke of Normandy and Harlette de Falaise, was born about 1028 in Falaise, Normandy, France and died on 9 Sep 1087 in Rouen, Normandy, France about age 59.
Birth Notes: Wikipedia (William the Conqueror) and thepeerage.com give b. in 1027 or 1028.
William married Matilda , of Flanders 3 4 in 1053 in Cathedral de Notre Dame, Normandie, France. Matilda was born about 1032 in Flanders, died on 2 Nov 1083 in Caen, Normandy, France about age 51, and was buried in Abbaye aux Dames, Caen, Normandy, France.
Birth Notes: Ancestral Roots gives both abt. 1031 and 1032.
Death Notes: Ancestral Roots gives 1 Nov 1083 and 2 Nov 1083.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 2 M i. Henry I "Beauclerc" King of England 5 6 was born between May 1068 and May 1069 in <Selby, Yorkshire>, England and died on 1 Dec 1135 in St. Denis-le-Fermont, France.
+ 3 F ii. Adela of Normandy 7 8 was born between 1062 and 1067 and died about 8 Mar 1137.
Second Generation 2. Henry I "Beauclerc" King of England 5 6 (William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born between May 1068 and May 1069 in <Selby, Yorkshire>, England and died on 1 Dec 1135 in St. Denis-le-Fermont, France.
Birth Notes: Ancestral Roots line 124-25 has b. 1070.
Research Notes: Fourth son of William the Conqueror.
From Wikipedia - Henry I of England :
Henry I (c. 1068/1069 - 1 December 1135) was the fourth son of William I the Conqueror . He succeeded his elder brother William II as King of England in 1100 and defeated his eldest brother, Robert Curthose , to become Duke of Normandy in 1106. He was called Beauclerc for his scholarly interests and Lion of Justice for refinements which he brought about in the administrative and legislative machinery of the time.
Henry's reign is noted for its political opportunism. His succession was confirmed while his brother Robert was away on the First Crusade and the beginning of his reign was occupied by wars with Robert for control of England and Normandy. He successfully reunited the two realms again after their separation on his father's death in 1087. Upon his succession he granted the baronage a Charter of Liberties , which formed a basis for subsequent challenges to rights of kings and presaged Magna Carta , which subjected the King to law.
The rest of Henry's reign was filled with judicial and financial reforms. He established the biannual Exchequer to reform the treasury . He used itinerant officials to curb abuses of power at the local and regional level, garnering the praise of the people. The differences between the English and Norman populations began to break down during his reign and he himself married a daughter of the old English royal house. He made peace with the church after the disputes of his brother's reign, but he could not smooth out his succession after the disastrous loss of his eldest son William in the wreck of the White Ship . His will stipulated that he was to be succeeded by his daughter, the Empress Matilda , but his stern rule was followed by a period of civil war known as the Anarchy .
Early life
Henry was born between May 1068 and May 1069, probably in Selby in Yorkshire . His mother, Queen Matilda , was descended from Alfred the Great (but not through the main West Saxon Royal line). Queen Matilda named the infant Prince Henry, after her uncle, Henry I of France . As the youngest son of the family, he was almost certainly expected to become a Bishop and was given rather more extensive schooling than was usual for a young nobleman of that time. The Chronicler William of Malmesbury asserts that Henry once remarked that an illiterate King was a crowned ass. He was certainly the first Norman ruler to be fluent in the English language .
William I's second son Richard was killed in a hunting accident in 1081, so William bequeathed his dominions to his three surviving sons in the following manner:
The Chronicler Orderic Vitalis reports that the old King had declared to Henry: "You in your own time will have all the dominions I have acquired and be greater than both your brothers in wealth and power."
Henry tried to play his brothers off against each other but eventually, wary of his devious manoeuvring, they acted together and signed an Accession Treaty. This sought to bar Prince Henry from both Thrones by stipulating that if either King William or Duke Robert died without an heir, the two dominions of their father would be reunited under the surviving brother.
Seizing the throne of England
When, on 2 August 1100 , William II was killed by an arrow in yet another hunting accident in the New Forest, Duke Robert had not yet returned from the First Crusade . His absence allowed Prince Henry to seize the Royal Treasury at Winchester, Hampshire , where he buried his dead brother. There are suspicions that, on hearing that Robert was returning alive from his crusade with a new bride, Henry decided to act and arranged the murder of William by the French Vexin Walter Tirel .[1] Thus he succeeded to the throne of England, guaranteeing his succession in defiance of William and Robert's earlier agreement. Henry was accepted as King by the leading Barons and was crowned three days later on 5 August at Westminster Abbey . He secured his position among the nobles by an act of political appeasement: he issued a Charter of Liberties which is considered a forerunner of the Magna Carta .
First marriage
On 11 November 1100 Henry married Edith , daughter of King Malcolm III of Scotland. Since Edith was also the niece of Edgar Atheling and the great-granddaughter of Edward the Confessor 's paternal half-brother Edmund Ironside , the marriage united the Norman line with the old English line of Kings. The marriage greatly displeased the Norman Barons, however, and as a concession to their sensibilities Edith changed her name to Matilda upon becoming Queen. The other side of this coin, however, was that Henry, by dint of his marriage, became far more acceptable to the Anglo-Saxon populace.
The chronicler William of Malmesbury described Henry thus: "He was of middle stature, greater than the small, but exceeded by the very tall; his hair was black and set back upon the forehead; his eyes mildly bright; his chest brawny; his body fleshy."
Conquest of Normandy
In the following year, 1101, Robert Curthose , Henry's eldest brother, attempted to seize the crown by invading England. In the Treaty of Alton , Robert agreed to recognise his brother Henry as King of England and return peacefully to Normandy , upon receipt of an annual sum of 2000 silver marks, which Henry proceeded to pay.
In 1105, to eliminate the continuing threat from Robert and the drain on his fiscal resources from the annual payment, Henry led an expeditionary force across the English Channel .
Battle of Tinchebray
On the morning of 28 September 1106, exactly 40 years after William had made his way to England, the decisive battle between his two surviving sons, Robert Curthose and Henry Beauclerc, took place in the small village of Tinchebray. This combat was totally unexpected and unprepared. Henry and his army were marching south from Barfleur on their way to Domfront and Robert was marching with his army from Falaise on their way to Mortain. They met at the crossroads at Tinchebray and the running battle which ensued was spread out over several kilometres. The site where most of the fighting took place is the village playing field today. Towards evening Robert tried to retreat but was captured by Henry's men at a place three kilometres (just under two miles) north of Tinchebray where a farm named "Prise" (taken) stands today on the D22 road. The tombstones of three knights are nearby on the same road.
King of England and Ruler of Normandy
After Henry had defeated his brother's Norman army at Tinchebray he imprisoned Robert, initially in the Tower of London , subsequently at Devizes Castle and later at Cardiff. One day whilst out riding Robert attempted to escape from Cardiff but his horse was bogged down in a swamp and he was recaptured. To prevent further escapes Henry had Robert's eyes burnt out. Henry appropriated the Duchy of Normandy as a possession of the Kingdom of England and reunited his father's dominions. Even after taking control of the Duchy of Normandy he didn't take the title of Duke, he chose to control it as the King of England.
In 1113, Henry attempted to reduce difficulties in Normandy by betrothing his eldest son, William Adelin , to the daughter of Fulk of Jerusalem (also known as Fulk V), Count of Anjou, then a serious enemy. They were married in 1119. Eight years later, after William's untimely death, a much more momentous union was made between Henry's daughter, (the former Empress) Matilda and Fulk's son Geoffrey Plantagenet , which eventually resulted in the union of the two Realms under the Plantagenet Kings.
Activities as a King
Henry's need for finance to consolidate his position led to an increase in the activities of centralized government. As King, Henry carried out social and judicial reforms, including:
Between 1103 and 1107 Henry was involved in a dispute with Anselm , the Archbishop of Canterbury , and Pope Paschal II in the investiture controversy , which was settled in the Concordat of London in 1107. It was a compromise. In England, a distinction was made in the King's chancery between the secular and ecclesiastical powers of the prelates. Employing the distinction, Henry gave up his right to invest his bishops and abbots, but reserved the custom of requiring them to come and do homage for the "temporalities " (the landed properties tied to the episcopate), directly from his hand, after the bishop had sworn homage and feudal vassalage in the ceremony called commendatio, the commendation ceremony , like any secular vassal.
Henry was also known for some brutal acts. He once threw a treacherous burgher named Conan Pilatus from the tower of Rouen; the tower was known from then on as "Conan's Leap". In another instance that took place in 1119, Henry's son-in-law, Eustace de Pacy, and Ralph Harnec, the constable of Ivry , exchanged their children as hostages. When Eustace blinded Harnec's son, Harnec demanded vengeance. King Henry allowed Harnec to blind and mutilate Eustace's two daughters, who were also Henry's own grandchildren. Eustace and his wife, Juliane, were outraged and threatened to rebel. Henry arranged to meet his daughter at a parley at Breteuil, only for Juliane to draw a crossbow and attempt to assassinate her father. She was captured and confined to the castle, but escaped by leaping from a window into the moat below. Some years later Henry was reconciled with his daughter and son-in-law.
Legitimate children
He had two children by Matilda (Edith), who died on 1 May 1118 at the palace of Westminster. She was buried in Westminster Abbey.
Matilda . (c. February 1102 - 10 September 1167 ). She married firstly Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor , and secondly, Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou , having issue by the second.
William Adelin , (5 August 1103 - 25 November 1120 ). He married Matilda (d.1154), daughter of Fulk V, Count of Anjou .
Second marriage
On 29 January 1121 he married Adeliza , daughter of Godfrey I of Leuven , Duke of Lower Lotharingia and Landgrave of Brabant , but there were no children from this marriage. Left without male heirs, Henry took the unprecedented step of making his barons swear to accept his daughter Empress Matilda , widow of Henry V, the Holy Roman Emperor , as his heir.
Death and legacy
Henry visited Normandy in 1135 to see his young grandsons, the children of Matilda and Geoffrey. He took great delight in his grandchildren, but soon quarrelled with his daughter and son-in-law and these disputes led him to tarry in Normandy far longer than he originally planned.
Henry died on 1 December 1135 of food poisoning from eating "a surfeit of lampreys " (of which he was excessively fond) at Saint-Denis-en-Lyons (now Lyons-la-Forêt ) in Normandy. His remains were sewn into the hide of a bull to preserve them on the journey, and then taken back to England and were buried at Reading Abbey , which he had founded fourteen years before. The Abbey was destroyed during the Protestant Reformation . No trace of his tomb has survived, the probable site being covered by St James' School. Nearby is a small plaque and a large memorial cross stands in the adjoining Forbury Gardens .
Although Henry's barons had sworn allegiance to his daughter as their Queen, her gender and her remarriage into the House of Anjou , an enemy of the Normans, allowed Henry's nephew Stephen of Blois , to come to England and claim the throne with popular support.
The struggle between the former Empress and Stephen resulted in a long civil war known as the Anarchy . The dispute was eventually settled by Stephen's naming of Matilda's son, Henry Plantagenet , as his heir in 1153.
Illegitimate children
King Henry is famed for holding the record for the largest number of acknowledged illegitimate children born to any English king, with the number being around 20 or 25. He had many mistresses, and identifying which mistress is the mother of which child is difficult. His illegitimate offspring for whom there is documentation are:
Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester . Often, said to have been a son of Sybil Corbet.
Maud FitzRoy, married Conan III, Duke of Brittany
Constance FitzRoy, married Richard de Beaumont
Mabel FitzRoy, married William III Gouet
Aline FitzRoy, married Matthieu I of Montmorency
Gilbert FitzRoy, died after 1142. His mother may have been a sister of Walter de Gand.
Emma, born c. 1138; married Gui de Laval, Lord Laval. [Uncertain, born 2 years after Henry died.][2]
With Edith
Matilda, married in 1103 Count Rotrou II of Perche. She perished 25 Nov 1120 in the wreck of the White Ship . She left two daughters; Philippa who married Helie of Anjou (son of Fulk V) and Felice.
With Gieva de Tracy
William de Tracy
With Ansfride
Ansfride was born c. 1070. She was the wife of Anskill of Seacourt, at Wytham in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire ).
Juliane de Fontevrault (born c. 1090); married Eustace de Pacy in 1103. She tried to shoot her father with a crossbow after King Henry allowed her two young daughters to be blinded.
Fulk FitzRoy (born c. 1092); a monk at Abingdon .
Richard of Lincoln (c. 1094 - 25 November 1120 ); perished in the wreck of the White Ship .
With Sybil Corbet
Lady Sybilla Corbet of Alcester was born in 1077 in Alcester in Warwickshire . She married Herbert FitzHerbert, son of Herbert 'the Chamberlain' of Winchester and Emma de Blois. She died after 1157 and was also known as Adela (or Lucia) Corbet. Sybil was definitely mother of Sybil and Rainald, possibly also of William and Rohese. Some sources suggest that there was another daughter by this relationship, Gundred, but it appears that she was thought as such because she was a sister of Reginald de Dunstanville but it appears that that was another person of that name who was not related to this family.
Sybilla de Normandy , married Alexander I of Scotland .
William Constable, born before 1105. Married Alice (Constable); died after 1187.
Reginald de Dunstanville, 1st Earl of Cornwall .
Gundred of England (1114-46), married 1130 Henry de la Pomeroy, son of Joscelin de la Pomerai.
Rohese of England, born 1114; married William de Tracy (b. 1040 in Normandy, France d. 1110 in Barnstaple, Devon, England)son of Turgisus de Tracy. They married in 1075. They had four children 1)Turgisus II de Tracy b. 1066, 2) Henry de Tracy b. 1068, 3) Gieva de Tracy b. 1068 d. 1100, 4)Henry of Barnstaple Tracy b. 1070 d.1170.
With Edith FitzForne
Robert FitzEdith, Lord Okehampton, (1093-1172) married Dame Maud d'Avranches du Sap. They had one daughter, Mary, who married Renaud, Sire of Courtenay (son of Miles, Sire of Courtenay and Ermengarde of Nevers).
Adeliza FitzEdith. Appears in charters with her brother Robert.
With Princess Nest
Nest ferch Rhys was born about 1073 at Dinefwr Castle , Carmarthenshire , the daughter of Prince Rhys ap Tewdwr of Deheubarth and his wife, Gwladys ferch Rhywallon. She married, in 1095, to Gerald de Windsor (aka Geraldus FitzWalter) son of Walter FitzOther, Constable of Windsor Castle and Keeper of the Forests of Berkshire . She had several other liaisons - including one with Stephen of Cardigan, Constable of Cardigan (1136) - and subsequently other illegitimate children. The date of her death is unknown.
Henry FitzRoy , 1103-1158.
With Isabel de Beaumont
Isabel (Elizabeth) de Beaumont (after 1102 - after 1172), daughter of Robert de Beaumont , sister of Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester . She married Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke , in 1130. She was also known as Isabella de Meulan.
Isabel Hedwig of England
Matilda FitzRoy , abbess of Montvilliers, also known as Montpiller
Noted events in his life were:
• King of England: 1100-1135.
Henry married Matilda , of Scotland on 11 Nov 1100 in Westminster Abbey, London, Midlesex, England. Matilda was born in 1079 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland and died on 1 May 1118 in Westminster Palace, London, England at age 39.
Birth Notes: Place name may be Dermfermline.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 4 F i. EmpressMatilda Countess of Anjou 9 10 was born about 7 Feb 1102 and died on 10 Sep 1167 about age 65.
+ 5 M ii. William Adelin, Duke of Normandy 11 was born in 1103 and died on 25 Nov 1120 at age 17.
Henry next married someone.
+ 6 F i. Maud Princess of England 12 was born about 1091 in England.
Henry had a relationship with Adeliza , of Louvain 13 in 1120. This couple did not marry. Adeliza was born about 1103 and was buried on 23 Apr 1151 in Abbey of Affligem. They had no children.
Henry next had a relationship with Sybilla Corbet, of Alcester.6 This couple did not marry. Sybilla was born in 1077 in Alcester, Warwickshire, England and died after 1157.
+ 7 M i. Robert de Caen, 1st Earl of Gloucester 14 15 16 was born about 1090 in <Caen, Normandy, France>, died on 31 Oct 1147 in Bristol, Gloucestershire, England about age 57, and was buried in St. James Priory, Bristol, Gloucestershire, England.
Henry next had a relationship with Elizabeth de , Beaumont.17
+ 8 F i. Elizabeth Princess of England 18 19 was born about 1095 in <Talby, Yorkshire, England>.
3. Adela of Normandy 7 8 (William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born between 1062 and 1067 and died about 8 Mar 1137.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Adela of Normandy :
Adela of Normandy also known as Adela of Blois and Adela of England "and also Adela Alice Princess of England" (c. 1062 or 1067 - 8 March 1137?) was, by marriage, Countess of Blois , Chartres , and Meaux . She was a daughter of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders . She was also the mother of Stephen, King of England and Henry of Blois , Bishop of Winchester .
Her birthdate is generally believed to have been between 1060 and 1064; however, there is some evidence she was born after her father's accession to the English throne in 1066. She was the favourite sister of King Henry I of England ; they were probably the youngest of the Conqueror's children. She was a high-spirited and educated woman, with a knowledge of Latin .
She married Stephen Henry , son and heir to the count of Blois , sometime between 1080 and 1084, probably in 1083. Stephen inherited Blois, Chartres and Meaux in 1089, and owned over 300 properties, making him one of the wealthiest men of his day. He was a pious and revered leader who managed huge areas of France which inherited from his father and added to by his sharp administrations. He was, essentially a king in his own right. Stephen-Henry joined the First Crusade , along with his brother-in-law Robert Curthose . Stephen's letters to Adela form a uniquely intimate insight into the experiences of the Crusade's leaders. The Count of Blois returned to France in 1100 bringing with him several cartloads of maps, jewels and other treasures, which he deposited at Chartres. He was, however, under an obligation to the pope for agreements made years earlier and returned to Antioch to participate in the crusade of 1101 . He was ultimately killed in an ill advised charge at the Battle of Ramla . Rumors of his cowardice and defection under fire are untrue and unfounded and have been proven to be propaganda generated by later biased historians. Stephen-Henry was often referred to as "le Sage," and was a great patron of Troubadours and writers.
Adela and Stephen's children are listed here as follows. Their birth order is uncertain.
Guillaume (William)(d. 1150), Count of Chartres married Agnes of Sulli (d. aft 1104) and had issue.
Theobald II, aka Thibaud IV Count of Champagne
Odo of Blois, aka Humbert. died young.
Stephen of Blois {King of England}.
Lucia-Mahaut , married Richard d'Avranches, 2nd Earl of Chester . Both drowned on 25 November 1120.
Agnes of Blois, married Hugh de Puiset and were parents to Hugh de Puiset .
Eléonore of Blois (d. 1147) married Raoul I of Vermandois (d.1152) & had issue they were divorced in 1142.
Alix of Blois (d. 1145) married Renaud (d.1134)III of Joigni & had Issue
Lithuise of Blois (d. 1118) married Milo I of Montlhéry (Divorced 1115)
Philip (d. 1100) Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne
Henry of Blois b.1101- d. 1171 (oblate child raised at Cherite sur Loire (Cluny Abbey) 1103.
Adela was regent for her husband during his extended absence as a leader of the First Crusade (1095-1098), and when he returned in disgrace it was at least in part at her urging that he returned to the east to fulfil his vow of seeing Jerusalem .[citation needed ] She was again regent in 1101, continuing after her husband's death on this second crusading expedition in 1102, for their children were still minors. Orderic Vitalis praises her as a "wise and spirited woman" who ably governed her husband's estates in his absences and after his death.
She employed tutors to educate her elder sons, and had her youngest son Henry pledged to the Church at Cluny . Adela quarrelled with her eldest son Guillaume, "deficient in intelligence as well as degenerate", and had his younger brother Theobald replace him as heir. Her son Stephen left Blois in 1111 to join his uncle's court in England.
Adela retired to Marcigny in 1120, secure in the status of her children. Later that same year, her daughter Lucia-Mahaut , was drowned in the wreck of the White Ship alongside her husband. She lived long enough to see her son Stephen seize the English throne, and took pride in the ascension of her youngest child Henry Blois to the bishophric of Winchester, but died soon after on 8 March 1135 in Marsilly, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France.
Adela married Stephen , of Blois, Count of Blois 20 21 about 1080. Stephen was born about 1045 and died on 19 May 1102 in Ramla, (Israel) about age 57.
Death Notes: Killed in the battle of Ramla.
Noted events in his life were:
• Leader of the First Crusade:
Children from this marriage were:
+ 9 M i. Stephen of Blois, King of England 22 23 was born about 1096 in Blois, Loire-et-Cher, France, died on 25 Oct 1154 in Dover Priory, Dover, England about age 58, and was buried in Faversham Abbey.
+ 10 F ii. Lithuaise
Third Generation 4. EmpressMatilda Countess of Anjou 9 10 (Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 7 Feb 1102 and died on 10 Sep 1167 about age 65.
Birth Notes: Ancestral Roots Line 1-23 has b. abt. 1102-1104; Line 118-25 has b. 1104.
Some other source has b. Feb 1101
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Empress Matilda :
Empress Matilda, also known as Matilda of England or Maude (c. 7 February 1102 - 10 September 1167) was the daughter and heir of King Henry I of England . Matilda and her younger brother, William Adelin , were the only legitimate children of King Henry. Her brother died young in the White ship disaster , leaving Matilda as the last heir from the paternal line of her grandfather William the Conqueror .
As a child, Matilda was betrothed and later married to Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor . From her marriage to Henry, she acquired the title Empress. The couple had no known children. When widowed, she was married to the much younger Geoffrey of Anjou , by whom she became the mother of three sons, the eldest of whom became King Henry II of England .
Matilda was the first female ruler of the Kingdom of England . However the length of her effective rule was quite brief - a few months in 1141 - and she was never crowned and failed to consolidate her rule (legally and politically). Because of this she is normally excluded from lists of English monarchs, and her rival (and cousin) Stephen of Blois is routinely listed as monarch for the period 1135-1154. Their warring rivalry for the throne led to years of unrest and civil war in England that have been called The Anarchy . She did secure her inheritance of the Duchy of Normandy - through the military feats of her husband Geoffrey - and she campaigned unstintingly for her oldest son's inheritance, living to see him ascend the throne in 1154.
(In Latin texts Matilda was sometimes called Maude . This is a modernised spelling of the Norman-French form of her name, Mahaut.)
Early life
Matilda was the firstborn of two children to Henry I of England and his wife Matilda of Scotland (also known as Edith). Her maternal grandparents were Malcolm III of Scotland and Saint Margaret of Scotland . Margaret was daughter of Edward the Exile and granddaughter of Edmund II of England . (Most historians believe Matilda was born at Winchester , but one, John Fletcher (1990), argues for the possibility of the royal palace at Sutton Courtenay in Oxfordshire .)
First marriage: Holy Roman Empress
When she was seven years old, Matilda was betrothed to Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor ; at nine, she was sent to the Holy Roman Empire (Germany) to begin training for the life of Empress consort . The royal couple were married at Worms on January 7, 1114, and Matilda accompanied her husband on tours to Rome and Tuscany . After time, the young wife of the Emperor acted as regent , mainly in Italy, in his absence[1]. Emperor Henry died in 1125. The imperial couple had no surviving offspring, but Herman of Tournai states that Matilda bore a son who lived only a short while.
Despite being popularly known by the title "Empress " from her first marriage, Matilda's right to the title was dubious. She was never crowned Holy Roman Empress by a legitimate Pope - which ceremony was normally required to achieve the title; indeed, in later years she encouraged chroniclers to believe she had been crowned by the Pope. Contemporary, she was called German Queen by her husband's bishops, while her formal title was recorded as "Queen of the Romans". Still, "Empress" was arguably an appropriate courtesy title for the wife of an Emperor who had been crowned by the Pope.
In 1120 her brother William Adelin was drowned in the disastrous wreck of the White Ship , which left Matilda as the only legitimate child of her father King Henry . Like Matilda, her cousin Stephen of Blois was a grandchild of William (the Conqueror) of Normandy ; but her paternal line made her senior in right of succession to his maternal line.
Second marriage: Countess of Anjou
Matilda returned to England a young widow, age 23, and dowager "Empress" - a status of considerable pride to her. There Henry named her his heir to both the English throne and his Duchy of Normandy . Henry saw to it that the Anglo-Norman barons (including Stephen of Blois ) were sworn (several times) to accept Matilda as ruler if Henry died without a male heir.
Henry then arranged a second marriage for Matilda; as he aimed to achieve peace between the fractious barons of Normandy and Anjou. On 17 June 1128, Matilda, aged 26, was married to Geoffrey of Anjou , aged 15, who also was Count of Maine and heir apparent to (his father) the Count of Anjou - which title he soon acquired, and by which Matilda became Countess of Anjou. It was a title she rarely used. Geoffrey called himself "Plantagenet " from the broom flower (planta genista) he adopted as his personal emblem. So Plantagenet became the dynastic name of that powerful line of English kings who descended from Matilda and Geoffrey.
Matilda's marriage with Geoffrey was troubled; there were frequent long separations, but they had three sons and she survived him. The eldest son, Henry , was born on 5 March 1133. In 1134, she nearly died in childbirth, following the birth of her second son, Geoffrey, Count of Nantes . A third son, William X, Count of Poitou , was born in 1136.
When her father died in Normandy, on 1 December 1135, Matilda was with her husband, in Anjou ; and, crucially, too far away from events rapidly unfolding in England and Normandy. Stephen of Blois rushed to England upon learning of Henry's death; in London he moved quickly to grasp the crown of England from its appointed heir.
But Matilda was game to contest Stephen in both realms; she and her husband Geoffrey entered Normandy and began military campaigns to claim her inheritance. Progress was uneven at first, but she persevered; even so, it was not until 1139 that Matilda felt secure enough in Normandy to turn her attentions to invading England and fighting Stephen directly.
In Normandy, Geoffrey secured all fiefdoms west and south of the Seine by 1143; in January 1144, he crossed the Seine and took Rouen without resistance. He assumed the title Duke of Normandy , and Matilda became Duchess of Normandy. Geoffrey and Matilda held the duchy conjointly until 1149, then ceded it to their son, Henry, which event was soon ratified by King Louis VII of France .
Struggle for throne of England
On the death of her father, Henry I, in 1135, Matilda expected to succeed to the throne of England , but her cousin, Stephen of Blois , a nephew of Henry I, usurped the throne with the support of most of the barons, breaking the oath he had previously made to defend her rights. The civil war which followed was bitter and prolonged, with neither side gaining the ascendancy for long, but it was not until 1139 that Matilda could command the military strength necessary to challenge Stephen within his own realm. Stephen's wife, the Countess of Boulogne who was also named Matilda , was the Empress's maternal cousin. During the war, Matilda's most loyal and capable supporter was her illegitimate half-brother, Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester .
Matilda's greatest triumph came in April 1141, when her forces defeated and captured King Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln . He was made a prisoner and effectively deposed.
Her advantage lasted only a few months. When she marched on London , the city was ready to welcome her and support her coronation . She used the title of Lady of the English and planned to assume the title of queen upon coronation (the custom which was followed by her grandsons, Richard and John ).[2] However, she refused the citizens' request to have their taxes halved and, because of her own arrogance [2], she found the gates of London shut and the civil war reignited on 24 June 1141. By November, Stephen was free, having been exchanged for the captured Robert of Gloucester, and a year later, the tables were turned when Matilda was besieged at Oxford but escaped to Wallingford , supposedly by fleeing across the snow-covered land in a white cape. In 1141 she had escaped Devizes in a similarly clever manner, by disguising herself as a corpse and being carried out for burial. In 1148, Matilda and Henry returned to Normandy , following the death of Robert of Gloucester, and the reconquest of that county by her husband. Upon their arrival, Geoffrey turned Normandy over to his son, and retired to his own county of Anjou .
Later life
Matilda's first son, Henry , was showing signs of becoming a successful leader. Although the civil war had been decided in Stephen's favour, his reign was troubled. In 1153, the death of his son Eustace, combined with the arrival of a military expedition led by Henry, led him to acknowledge the latter as his heir by the Treaty of Wallingford .
Matilda retired to Rouen in Normandy during her last years, where she maintained her own court and presided over the government of the duchy in the absence of Henry. She intervened in the quarrels between her eldest son Henry and her second son Geoffrey, but peace between the brothers was brief. Geoffrey rebelled against Henry twice before his sudden death in 1158. Relations between Henry and his youngest brother, William X, Count of Poitou , were more cordial, and William was given vast estates in England. Archbishop Thomas Becket refused to allow William to marry the Countess of Surrey and the young man fled to Matilda's court at Rouen. William, who was his mother's favourite child, died there in January 1164, reportedly of disappointment and sorrow. She attempted to mediate in the quarrel between her son Henry and Becket, but was unsuccessful.
Although she gave up hope of being crowned in 1141, her name always preceded that of her son Henry, even after he became king. Matilda died at Notre Dame du Pré near Rouen and was buried in the Abbey church of Bec-Hellouin, Normandy. Her body was transferred to the Rouen Cathedral in 1847; her epitaph reads: "Great by Birth, Greater by Marriage, Greatest in her Offspring: Here lies Matilda, the daughter, wife, and mother of Henry."
Matilda married Henry V , Holy Roman Emperor on 7 Jan 1114 in Worms, (Rhine-Palatinate, Germany). Henry was born on 8 Jan 1086 and died on 23 May 1125 at age 39.
Matilda next married Geoffrey V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy 24 25 26 on 22 May 1128 in Le Mans, France. Geoffrey was born on 24 Aug 1113 in Anjou, France, died on 7 Sep 1151 at age 38, and was buried in Le Mans, France.
Marriage Notes: Marriage date may have been 3 April 1127 (Ancestral Roots Line 1-23). Line 118-25 (Geoffrey V) has m. 22 May 1127.
Noted events in his life were:
• Count of Anjou, Touraine and Maine: 1129-1151.
• Duke of Normandy: 1144-1151.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 11 M i. Henry II "Curtmantel" King of England was born on 5 Mar 1132 in Le Mans, France, died on 6 Jul 1189 at age 57, and was buried in Fontévrault Abbey, France.
5. William Adelin, Duke of Normandy 11 (Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1103 and died on 25 Nov 1120 at age 17.
Death Notes: Died in the White Ship tragedy.
6. Maud Princess of England 12 (Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1091 in England.
Research Notes: Illegitimate daughter of Henry I.
Maud married Conan III "le Gros" , Duke of Bretagne 12 in Mar 1113 in England. Conan was born about 1096 in <Bretagne, France> and died on 17 Sep 1148 about age 52.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 12 F i. Constance Princess of Bretagne 12 was born about 1118 in <Bretagne, France>.
7. Robert de Caen, 1st Earl of Gloucester 14 15 16 (Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1090 in <Caen, Normandy, France>, died on 31 Oct 1147 in Bristol, Gloucestershire, England about age 57, and was buried in St. James Priory, Bristol, Gloucestershire, England.
Research Notes: Natural son of Henry I. Half-brother of Empress Matilda.
Source: familysearch.org (Kevin Bradford)
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 123-26:
"ROBERT DE CAEN, Earl of Gloucester, 1122-1147 (natural son of Henry I, prob. by a NN dau. of the Gay or Gayt family of N. Oxfordshire... b. abt 1090, d. Bristol, 31 Oct. 1147, called 'the Consul'; m. Maud Fitz Hamon, dau. and h. of Robert Fitz Hamon, d. 1107, seigneur of Crelly in Calvados, Normandy, Lord of Thoringni, etc., and Sybil de Montgomery, dau. of Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury."
Also line 63-26 (Hawise de Beaumont)
--------
From Wikipedia - Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester :
Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester (c. 1090 - October 31 , 1147 ) was an illegitimate son of King Henry I of England , and one of the dominant figures of the period of English history sometimes called The Anarchy . He is also known as Robert of Caen, and Robert "the Consul", though both names are used by later historians and have little contemporary justification, other than the fact that Robert's clerks made a practice of using the Latin word consul rather than the more common comes for his title of 'Earl'.
Early life
Robert was the eldest of Henry's many illegitimate children. He was born well before his father's accession to the English throne, probably in the late 1080s, as he had himself had a son by 1104. There are numerous references noting him to have been the son of Sybil Corbet , heiress to Robert Corbet, Lord of Alcester, whose family had land in both England and Normandy. He was born in Caen, Normandy and was the first of several children between Henry and his Mistress Sybil Corbet. [1]
Robert was acknowledged at birth, though in view of the vicissitudes of his father's career between 1087 and 1096 it is unlikely he was raised in his household. He was educated to a high standard, was literate in Latin and had a serious interest in both history and philosophy, which indicates that he was at least partly raised in a clerical household, a suggestion made all the more likely as his first known child, born around 1104, was born to a daughter of Samson, Bishop of Worcester (died 1112) who up till 1096 had been a Royal Chaplain and Treasurer of Bayeux . It may be significant that his next brother Richard was brought up in an episcopal household, that of Robert Bloet , bishop of Lincoln . Robert later received dedications from both Geoffrey of Monmouth and William of Malmesbury . William's 'Historia Novella' contains a flattering portrait of the Earl.
Robert appears at court in Normandy in 1113, and in 1107 he had married Mabel, eldest daughter and heir of Robert Fitzhamon , who brought him the substantial honour of Gloucester in England, Glamorgan in Wales and the honours of Sainte-Scholasse-sur-Sarthe and Évrecy in Normandy, as well as Creully . In 1121 or 1122 his father created him Earl of Gloucester . Through his marriage to Mabel he became second Lord of Glamorgan, and gained possession of Cardiff Castle , and was responsible for the building of the stone keep there, which remains as the best preserved Norman shell keep in Wales, and one of the best in the British Isles. Robert had considerable authority and autonomy, to the extent that he even minted his own coinage, today preserved in the British Museum .
Family and children
He married, around 1107, Mabel FitzHamon of Gloucester (died 1156), daughter of Robert Fitzhamon and Sibyl de Montgomery . Their children were:
William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester , died 1183. He married Hawise (died 1197) daughter of Robert II, Earl of Leicester.
Roger , Bishop of Worcester , (died 9 August 1179 , Tours ).
Hamon, killed at the siege of Toulouse in 1159.
Robert. (died before 1157) Also called Robert of Ilchester in documents. He married Hawise, (died after 1210) daughter of Baldwin de Redvers and Adeliz. Their daughter Mabel married Jordan de Cambernon .
Maud , (died 1190), wife of Ranulph de Gernon, 2nd Earl of Chester .
Philip, Castellan of Cricklade , (died after 1147). He took part in the Second Crusade .
Earl Robert had an illegitimate son, Richard, bishop of Bayeux (1135-1142), by Isabel de Douvres , sister of Richard de Douvres , bishop of Bayeux (1107-1133).
Noted events in his life were:
• 2nd Lord of Glamorgan: by right of his wife
• Created: 1st Earl of Gloucester, Aug 1122.
Robert married Mabel FitzHamon, of Gloucester 15 27 28 in 1107. Mabel was born in 1090 in Gloucestershire, England and died on 29 Sep 1157 in Bristol, Gloucestershire, England at age 67.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 13 F i. Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester 15 29 30 was born about 1120 in Glouchestershire, England and died on 29 Jul 1190 in Chester, Cheshire, England about age 70.
+ 14 M ii. William FitzRobert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester was born about 1128 and died on 23 Nov 1183 about age 55.
Robert next married Elizabeth.
8. Elizabeth Princess of England 18 19 (Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1095 in <Talby, Yorkshire, England>.
Research Notes: Probably the mother of Gunnild of Dunbar. Youngest illegitimate daughter of Henry I.
Elizabeth married Fergus , Lord of Galloway 19 31 in 1124 in Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland. Fergus was born about 1090 in <Galloway, Scotland>, died in 1161 in Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Edinburghshire, Scotland about age 71, and was buried on 12 May 1161 in Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Edinburghshire, Scotland.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 15 M i. Uchtred Lord of Galloway 19 31 was born about 1118 in <Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland> and died on 22 Sep 1174 about age 56.
9. Stephen of Blois, King of England 22 23 (Adela , of Normandy3, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1096 in Blois, Loire-et-Cher, France, died on 25 Oct 1154 in Dover Priory, Dover, England about age 58, and was buried in Faversham Abbey.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Stephen of England :
Stephen often known as Stephen of Blois (c. 1096 - 25 October 1154) was a grandson of William the Conqueror . He was the last Norman King of England , from 1135 to his death, and also the Count of Boulogne jure uxoris . His reign was marked by civil war with his rival the Empress Matilda and general chaos, known as The Anarchy . He was succeeded by Matilda's son, Henry II , the first of the Angevin or Plantagenet kings.
Early life
Stephen was born at Blois in France, son of Stephen , Count of Blois , and Adela of England, (daughter of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders ). One of ten children, his surviving brothers were Count Theobald II of Champagne , Henry of Blois , Bishop of Winchester , and William of Sully . He also had four sisters, including Eléonore of Blois .
Stephen was sent to be raised at the English court of his uncle, King Henry I , in 1106. He became Count of Mortain in about 1115, and married Matilda , daughter of the Count of Boulogne , in about 1125, who became Countess of Boulogne. Their marriage was a happy one and his wife was an important supporter during the struggle for the English crown. Stephen became joint ruler of Boulogne in 1128.
Reign
King of England
There were several principal contenders for the succession to Henry I . The least popular was the Empress Matilda , Henry I's only legitimate surviving child, not simply because she was a woman, but because her husband Geoffrey, Count of Anjou was an enemy of the Normans . The other contenders were Robert, Earl of Gloucester , illegitimate son of Henry I, Stephen, and Stephen's older brother, Theobald, Count of Blois . However, Theobald did not want the kingdom, at least not enough to fight for it.[1] Before his death in 1135, Henry I named his daughter Matilda his heir and made the barons of England swear allegiance to her. Stephen was the first baron to do so. However, upon King Henry's death, Stephen claimed the throne, saying Henry had changed his mind on his deathbed and named Stephen as his heir. Once crowned, Stephen gained the support of the majority of the barons as well as Pope Innocent II and the first few years of his reign were peaceful, notwithstanding insurgences by the Welsh, King David I of Scotland , and Baldwin de Redvers.
The Anarchy: War with Matilda
By 1139, Stephen had lost much support and the country sank into a civil war , commonly called The Anarchy . Stephen faced the forces of Empress Matilda at several locations including the Battle of Beverston Castle and the Battle of Lincoln . Bad omens haunted him before the Battle of Lincoln where Stephen faced Matilda's illegitimate brother Robert and Ranulph, Earl of Chester . According to chroniclers, Stephen fought bravely but was captured by a knight named William de Cahaignes (a relative of Ranulph, ancestor of the Keynes family ). Stephen was defeated and brought before his cousin Matilda. He was imprisoned at Bristol .
Stephen's wife rallied support amongst the people from London and the barons. Matilda was, in turn, forced out of London. With the capture of her most able lieutenant, her half-brother the Earl of Gloucester, she was obliged to trade Stephen for him, and Stephen was restored to the throne in November the same year.
In December 1142, the Empress was besieged at Oxford , but managed to escape, dressed in white, across the snow to Wallingford Castle , held by her supporter Brien FitzCount .
In 1147, Empress Matilda's teenage son, the future King Henry II of England , decided to assist in the war effort by raising a small army of mercenaries and invading England. Rumours of this army's size terrified Stephen's retainers, although in truth the force was very small. Having been defeated twice in battle, and with no money to pay his mercenaries, young Henry appealed to his uncle Robert for aid but was turned away. Desperately, and in secret, the boy asked Stephen for help. According to the Gesta Stephani , "On receiving the message, the king...hearkened to the young man..." and bestowed upon him money and other support.
Reconciliation and death
Stephen maintained his precarious hold on the throne for the remainder of his lifetime. However, after a military standoff at Wallingford with Henry, and following the death of his son and heir, Eustace , in 1153, he was persuaded to reach a compromise with Matilda (known as the Treaty of Wallingford or Winchester), whereby Stephen's son William of Blois would be passed over for the English throne, and instead Matilda's son Henry would succeed Stephen.
Stephen died in Dover , at Dover Priory , and was buried in Faversham Abbey , which he had founded with Countess Matilda in 1148.
Besides Eustace, Stephen and Queen Matilda had two other sons, Baldwin (d. before 1135), and William of Blois (Count of Mortain and Boulogne, and Earl of Surrey or Warenne). They also had two daughters, Matilda and Marie of Boulogne . In addition to these children, Stephen fathered at least three illegitimate children , one of whom, Gervase, became Abbot of Westminster .
English royal descendants
Philippa of Hainault , the wife of Edward III , was a descendant of Stephen, and he was thus ancestor of all subsequent kings of England.[3]
Noted events in his life were:
• Count of Mortain: 1115-1154.
• King of England: 1135-1154.
Stephen married Matilda , of Boulogne 32 33 about 1119. Matilda was born about 1105 in Boulogne, France, died on 3 Jul 1151 in Hedingham Castle about age 46, and was buried in Faversham Abbey.
Death Notes: Wikipedia has d. 3 May 1152.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 16 F i. Marie of Blois, Countess of Boulogne 34 was born in 1136 and died in 1182 at age 46.
10. Lithuaise (Adela , of Normandy3, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1)
Lithuaise married Milon I "le Grand" , Seigneur Montlhéry and de Bray.35
The child from this marriage was:
+ 17 F i. Isabel de Montlhéry, Viscomtessa de Troyes
Fourth Generation 11. Henry II "Curtmantel" King of England (Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 5 Mar 1132 in Le Mans, France, died on 6 Jul 1189 at age 57, and was buried in Fontévrault Abbey, France.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 1-24
Henry married Eleanor , of Aquitaine on 18 May 1152 in Bordeaux, France. Eleanor was born about 1124, died on 31 Mar 1204 in Fontevrault about age 80, and was buried in Fontévrault Abbey, France.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 18 F i. Eleanor of England 36 37 was born on 13 Oct 1162 in Domfront, Normandy and died on 31 Oct 1214 at age 52.
+ 19 M ii. KingJohn "Lackland" of England 38 39 was born on 24 Dec 1167 in Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England, died on 19 Oct 1216 in Newark Castle, Lincolnshire, England at age 48, and was buried in Worcester Cathedral, Worcester, Worcestershire, England.
Henry had a relationship with Ida de Tosny.40 41
+ 20 M i. William Longspée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury 42 43 was born about 1176 in England, died on 7 Mar 1226 in Salisbury Castle, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England about age 50, and was buried in Salisbury Cathedral, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England.
12. Constance Princess of Bretagne 12 (Maud , Princess of England6, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1118 in <Bretagne, France>.
Constance married Alan La Zouche 12 about 1123. Alan was born about 1093 in <Rohan, Brittany, France>.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 21 M i. Geoffrey I de Porhoët 12 44 was born about 1126 in <Rohan, Brittany, France>.
13. Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester 15 29 30 (Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1120 in Glouchestershire, England and died on 29 Jul 1190 in Chester, Cheshire, England about age 70.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Maud of Gloucester
Maud of Gloucester, Countess of Chester (died 29 July 1190), also known as Maud FitzRobert, was an Anglo-Norman noblewoman, and the daughter of Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester , an illegitimate son of King Henry I of England . Her husband was Ranulf de Gernon , 4th Earl of Chester, whom she allegedly poisoned with the assistance of William Peverel of Nottingham .[1]
Family
Lady Maud FitzRobert was born on an unknown date, the daughter of Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester and Mabel FitzHamon of Gloucester . She had seven siblings including William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester and Roger, Bishop of Worcester . She also had an illegitimate half-brother, Richard, Bishop of Bayeux, whom her father sired by Isabel de Douvres.
Her paternal grandparents were King Henry I of England and his mistress, Sybil Corbet. Her maternal grandparents were Robert FitzHamon , Lord of Gloucester and Glamorgan , and Sybil de Montgomery, daughter of Roger de Montgomery, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury and Mabel Talvas of Belleme.
Marriage and children
Sometime before 1141, Lady Maud married Ranulf de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester. She assumed the title of Countess of Chester upon her marriage. Her husband had considerable autonomy in his palatine earldom.
Shortly after their marriage, in January 1141, Maud was besieged at Lincoln Castle by the forces of King Stephen of England . A relief army, loyal to Empress Matilda and led by her father, defeated the King in the fierce fighting which followed, which became known as the First Battle of Lincoln . In return for his help in repelling the King's troops, Maud's father compelled Ranulf to swear fealty to his half-sister Matilda. Ranulf was seized by King Stephen at court in Northampton on 29 August 1146. Stephen later granted him the castle and city of Lincoln sometime after 1151.[2]
Together Ranulf and Maud had three children:
Ranulf had an illegitimate son, Robert FitzCount (died before 1166), by an unknown mistress. His date of birth was not recorded. Robert married as her second husband, Agnes FitzNeel.
On 16 December 1153, Maud allegedly poisoned her husband with the assistance of William Peverel of Nottingham. In 1172, she founded Repton Priory in Derbyshire .[3]
The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records property Wadinton de feodo comitis Cestrie, held by Maud, Countess of Chester.[2]
Maud died on 29 July 1190. The Annals of Tewkesbury records the death in 1190 of Maud, Countess of Chester.[2]
Maud married Ranulf IV , de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester 12 45 46 about 1141. Ranulf was born about 1100 in Gernon Castle, Normandy, France, died on 16 Dec 1153 about age 53, and was buried in St. Werburg's, Chester, Cheshire, England.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 22 M i. Hugh of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester 47 48 49 was born in 1147 in Kevelioc, Monmouthshire, Wales and died on 30 Jun 1181 in Leek, Staffordshire, England at age 34.
+ 23 M ii. Simon III de Montfort, Count of Evreux 50 died about 1181.
+ 24 F iii. Joanna de Meschines 15 was born about 1145 in <Chester, Cheshire>, England.
14. William FitzRobert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester (Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1128 and died on 23 Nov 1183 about age 55.
Research Notes: 2nd Earl of Gloucester, Lord of Tewkesbury and Glamorgan
2nd Earl of Gloucester, Lord of the manor of Glamorgan and of Cardiff Castle
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 123-27.
Also line 63-26 (Hawise de Beaumont)
William married Hawise de Beaumont, of Leicester about 1150. Hawise died on 24 Apr 1197.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 25 F i. Amice FitzWilliam, Countess of Gloucester 51 52 was born about 1160 and died on 1 Jan 1225 about age 65.
15. Uchtred Lord of Galloway 19 31 (Elizabeth , Princess of England8, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1118 in <Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland> and died on 22 Sep 1174 about age 56.
Uchtred married Gunnild , of Dunbar 19 53 about 1156 in Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland. Gunnild was born about 1134 in <Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland>.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 26 M i. Roland Lord of Galloway 19 54 was born about 1164 in <Galloway, Perthshire, Scotland>, died on 19 Dec 1200 in Northamptonshire, England about age 36, and was buried in Abbey of Saint Andrew, Northamptonshire, England.
16. Marie of Blois, Countess of Boulogne 34 (Stephen , of Blois, King of England9, Adela , of Normandy3, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1136 and died in 1182 at age 46.
Research Notes: Countess of Boulogne in her own right.
Marie married Matthew , of Alsace, Count of Boulogne.55
The child from this marriage was:
+ 27 F i. Mathilde of Flanders 56 died between 1210 and 1211.
17. Isabel de Montlhéry, Viscomtessa de Troyes (Lithuaise10, Adela , of Normandy3, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1)
Isabel married Thibaud , Seigneur de Dampierre.57 Thibaud died in 1107.
Noted events in his life were:
• Seigneur de St. Just:
• Seigneur de St. Dizier en Champagne:
The child from this marriage was:
+ 28 M i. Guy I Vicomte de Troyes 58 died in 1151.
Fifth Generation 18. Eleanor of England 36 37 (Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 13 Oct 1162 in Domfront, Normandy and died on 31 Oct 1214 at age 52.
Birth Notes: Ancestral Roots has b. 1162 and b. 1161
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Eleanor of England (1162-1214) :
Eleanor of England (known in Castilian as Leonora; 13 October 1162 - 31 October 1214) was Queen of Castile and Toledo as wife of Alfonso VIII of Castile .
She was born in the castle at Domfront , Normandy , and was baptised by Henry of Marcy . She was the sixth child and second daughter of King Henry II of England and his wife Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine . Her godfather was the chronicler Robert of Torigny , who had a special interest in her and recorded her life as best he could. She received her first name as a namesake of her mother, whose name "Eleanor" (or Alienor) had previously been unrecorded though may have been related to the Greek Helen or the Italian Elena . Another view holds that in the Occitan language , Eleanor simply meant "the other Aenor," since Eleanor of Aquitaine was named for her mother, called Aenor .
Eleanor was a younger maternal half-sister of Marie de Champagne and Alix of France . She was a younger sister of William IX, Count of Poitiers , Henry the Young King , Matilda, Duchess of Saxony , Richard I of England and Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany . She was also an older sister of Joan of Sicily and John of England .
When she was eighteen years old, in September 1180, she was married to Alfonso VIII . The marriage was arranged to secure the Pyrennean border, with Gascony offered as her dowry.
Of all Eleanor of Aquitaine's daughters, her namesake Eleanor best inherited her mother's political influence. She was almost as powerful as her husband, who specified in his will that she was to rule alongside their son in the event of his death. It was she who persuaded him to marry their daughter Berenguela to the king of Leon in the interest of peace.
When Alfonso died, his queen was reportedly so devastated with grief that she was unable to preside over the burial. Their daughter Berenguela instead performed these honors. Leonora then took sick and died only twenty-eight days after her husband, and was buried at Las Huelgas abbey in Burgos.
Children
Eleanor married Alfonso VIII "the Noble" , King of Castile 59 60 in Sep 1180. Alfonso was born on 11 Nov 1155 and died on 5 Oct 1214 at age 58.
Marriage Notes: Ancestral Roots has m. 1177.
Noted events in his life were:
• King of Castile: 1158-1214.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 29 F i. Blanche of Castile 61 62 was born on 4 Mar 1188 in Palencia, (Palencia, Castile-Léon), Spain and died on 26 Nov 1252 in Paris, (Île-de-France), France at age 64.
19. KingJohn "Lackland" of England 38 39 (Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 24 Dec 1167 in Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England, died on 19 Oct 1216 in Newark Castle, Lincolnshire, England at age 48, and was buried in Worcester Cathedral, Worcester, Worcestershire, England.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - John of England :
John (24 December 1166 - 19 October 1216 [1]) reigned as King of England from 6 April 1199 , until his death. He succeeded to the throne as the younger brother of King Richard I (known in later times as "Richard the Lionheart"). John acquired the nicknames of "Lackland" (French : Sans Terre) for his lack of an inheritance as the youngest son and for his loss of territory to France , and of "Soft-sword" for his alleged military ineptitude.[2] He was a Plantagenet or Angevin king.
Apart from entering popular legend as the enemy of the fictional Robin Hood , he is also known for acquiescing to the nobility and signing Magna Carta , a document that limited his power and that is popularly regarded as an early first step in the evolution of modern democracy .
Born at Beaumont Palace , Oxford , John was the fifth son and last of eight children born to Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine . He was almost certainly born in 1166 instead of 1167, as is sometimes claimed.[3]
He was a younger maternal half-brother of Marie de Champagne and Alix of France , his mother's children by her first marriage to Louis VII of France , which was later annulled. He was a younger brother of William, Count of Poitiers ; Henry the Young King ; Matilda, Duchess of Saxony ; Richard I of England ; Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany ; Leonora, Queen of Castile ; and Joan, Queen of Sicily
Early life
While John was his father's favourite son, as the youngest he could expect no inheritance . His family life was tumultuous, as his older brothers all became involved in repeated rebellions against Henry . Eleanor was imprisoned by Henry in 1173, when John was a small boy.
As a child, John was betrothed to Alys (pronounced 'Alice'), daughter and heiress of Humbert III of Savoy . It was hoped that by this marriage the Angevin dynasty would extend its influence beyond the Alps , because John was promised the inheritance of Savoy , the Piemonte , Maurienne , and the other possessions of Count Humbert. King Henry promised his young son castles in Normandy which had been previously promised to his brother Geoffrey, which was for some time a bone of contention between King Henry and his son Geoffrey. Alys made the trip over the Alps and joined Henry's court, but she died before being married.
Gerald of Wales relates that King Henry had a curious painting in a chamber of Winchester Castle , depicting an eagle being attacked by three of its chicks, while a fourth chick crouched, waiting for its chance to strike. When asked the meaning of this picture, King Henry said:
The four young ones of the eagle are my four sons, who will not cease persecuting me even unto death. And the youngest, whom I now embrace with such tender affection, will someday afflict me more grievously and perilously than all the others.
Before his accession, John had already acquired a reputation for treachery, having conspired sometimes with and sometimes against his elder brothers, Henry, Richard and Geoffrey. In 1184, John and Richard both claimed that they were the rightful heir to Aquitaine, one of many unfriendly encounters between the two. In 1185, John became the ruler of Ireland , whose people grew to despise him, causing John to leave after only eight months...
Death
Retreating from the French invasion, John took a safe route around the marshy area of the Wash to avoid the rebel held area of East Anglia . His slow baggage train (including the Crown Jewels ), however, took a direct route across it and was lost to the unexpected incoming tide. This dealt John a terrible blow, which affected his health and state of mind. Succumbing to dysentery and moving from place to place, he stayed one night at Sleaford Castle before dying on 18 October (or possibly 19 October ) 1216 , at Newark Castle (then in Lincolnshire , now on Nottinghamshire 's border with that county). Numerous, possibly fictitious, accounts circulated soon after his death that he had been killed by poisoned ale, poisoned plums or a "surfeit of peaches".
He was buried in Worcester Cathedral in the city of Worcester .
His nine-year-old son succeeded him and became King Henry III of England (1216-72), and although Louis continued to claim the English throne, the barons switched their allegiance to the new king, forcing Louis to give up his claim and sign the Treaty of Lambeth in 1217.
Legacy
King John's reign has been traditionally characterised as one of the most disastrous in English history: it began with defeats-he lost Normandy to Philip Augustus of France in his first five years on the throne-and ended with England torn by civil war and himself on the verge of being forced out of power. In 1213, he made England a papal fief to resolve a conflict with the Roman Catholic Church , and his rebellious barons forced him to sign Magna Carta in 1215, the act for which he is best remembered...
Marriage and issue
In 1189, John was married to Isabel of Gloucester , daughter and heiress of William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester (she is given several alternative names by history, including Avisa, Hawise, Joan, and Eleanor). They had no children, and John had their marriage annulled on the grounds of consanguinity , some time before or shortly after his accession to the throne, which took place on 6 April 1199 , and she was never acknowledged as queen. (She then married Geoffrey FitzGeoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex as her second husband and Hubert de Burgh as her third).
John remarried, on 24 August 1200 , Isabella of Angoulême , who was twenty years his junior. She was the daughter of Aymer Taillefer , Count of Angouleme. John had kidnapped her from her fiancé, Hugh X of Lusignan .
Isabella bore five children:
John is given a great taste for lechery by the chroniclers of his age, and even allowing some embellishment, he did have many illegitimate children. Matthew Paris accuses him of being envious of many of his barons and kinsfolk, and seducing their more attractive daughters and sisters. Roger of Wendover describes an incident that occurred when John became enamoured of Margaret, the wife of Eustace de Vesci and an illegitimate daughter of King William I of Scotland . Eustace substituted a prostitute in her place when the king came to Margaret's bed in the dark of night; the next morning, when John boasted to Vesci of how good his wife was in bed, Vesci confessed and fled.
John had the following illegitimate children:
By an unknown mistress (or mistresses) John fathered:
(The surname of FitzRoy is Norman-French for son of the king.)
Noted events in his life were:
• Crowned: King of England, 1199. King of England 1199-1216
John married Isabella , of Angoulême on 10 May 1200. Isabella was born about 1186, died on 31 May 1246 in Fontévrault Abbey, France about age 60, and was buried in Fontévrault Abbey, France.
Marriage Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 153A-28 has m. John 10 May 1200, but line 117-27 has m. 24 Aug 1200.
Noted events in their marriage were:
• Marriage: possibly, 24 Aug 1200, Bordeaux, France.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 30 M i. KingHenry III of England 63 64 was born on 1 Oct 1207 in Winchester Castle, Winchester, (Hampshire), England, died on 16 Nov 1272 in Westminster Palace, London, England at age 65, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, Middlesex, England.
+ 31 M ii. Richard 1st Earl of Cornwall, King of the Romans was born on 5 Jan 1209 and died on 2 Apr 1272 at age 63.
+ 32 F iii. Joan Queen Consort of Scotland 65 was born in 1210 and died in 1238 at age 28.
+ 33 F iv. Isabella was born in 1214 and died in 1241 at age 27.
+ 34 F v. Eleanor was born in 1215 and died on 13 Apr 1275 at age 60.
John had a relationship with Clemence.
+ 35 F i. Joan Princess of Gwynedd 66 67 68 was born before 1200 and died between 30 Mar 1236 and Feb 1237.
20. William Longspée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury 42 43 (Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1176 in England, died on 7 Mar 1226 in Salisbury Castle, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England about age 50, and was buried in Salisbury Cathedral, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England.
Research Notes: Illegitimate son of Henry II, probably through Countess Ida.
From Wikipedia - William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury :
William Longespée, jure uxoris 3rd Earl of Salisbury (c. 1176 - 7 March 1226 ) was an English noble, primarily remembered for his command of the English forces at the Battle of Damme and for remaining loyal to King John .
He was an illegitimate son of Henry II of England . His mother was unknown for many years, until the discovery of a charter of William mentioning "Comitissa Ida, mater mea" (engl. "Countess Ida, my mother")[2] [3]
This Ida, a member of the prominent Tosny or Toesny family, later (1181) married Roger Bigod, 2nd Earl of Norfolk [4].
King Henry acknowledged William as his son and gave him the Honour of Appleby, Lincolnshire in 1188. Eight years later, his half-brother, King Richard I , married him to a great heiress, Ela, Countess of Salisbury in her own right, and daughter of William of Salisbury, 2nd Earl of Salisbury .
During the reign of King John, Salisbury was at court on several important ceremonial occasions, and held various offices: sheriff of Wiltshire , lieutenant of Gascony , constable of Dover and warden of the Cinque Ports , and later warden of the Welsh Marches . He was a commander in the king's Welsh and Irish expeditions of 1210-1212. The king also granted him the honour of Eye .
In 1213, Salisbury led a large fleet to Flanders , where he seized or destroyed a good part of a French invasion fleet anchored at or near Damme . This ended the invasion threat but not the conflicts between England and France . In 1214, Salisbury was sent to help Otto IV of Germany , an English ally, who was invading France. Salisbury commanded the right wing of the army at their disastrous defeat at the Battle of Bouvines , where he was captured.
By the time he returned to England, revolt was brewing amongst the barons. Salisbury was one of the few who remained loyal to John. In the civil war that took place the year after the signing of the Magna Carta , Salisbury was one of the leaders of the king's army in the south. However, after the French prince Louis (later Louis VIII ) landed as an ally of the rebels, Salisbury went over to his side. Presumably, he thought John's cause was lost.
After John's death and the departure of Louis, Salisbury, along with many other barons, joined the cause of John's young son, now Henry III of England . He held an influential place in the government during the king's minority and fought in Gascony to help secure the remaining part of the English continental possessions. Salisbury's ship was nearly lost in a storm while returning to England in 1225, and he spent some months in refuge at a monastery on the French island of Ré . He died not long after his return to England at Salisbury Castle . Roger of Wendover alleged that he was poisoned by Hubert de Burgh . He was buried at Salisbury Cathedral in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England.
William Longespee's tomb was opened in 1791. Bizarrely, the well-preserved corpse of a rat which carried traces of arsenic [5], was found inside his skull. The rat is now on display in a case at the Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum.
Family
By his wife Ela, Countess of Salisbury , he had four sons and four daughters [6]:
William married Ela , Countess of Salisbury 43 69 in 1196. Ela was born in 1187 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England, died on 24 Aug 1261 in Lacock Abbey, Lacock, Wiltshire, England at age 74, and was buried in Lacock Abbey, Lacock, Wiltshire, England.
Burial Notes: The incription on her tombstone, originally written in Latin, reads:
Below lie buried the bones of the venerable Ela, who gave this sacred house as a home for the nuns. She also had lived here as holy abbess and Countess of Salisbury, full of good works
Noted events in her life were:
• Founded: Lacock Abbey in Wiltshire, 1229.
• Sheriff of Wiltshire: 1226-1228. Following her husband's death 7 March 1226.
• Entered: Lacock Abbey as a nun, 1238.
• Abbess: of Lacock Abbey, 1240-1257.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 36 M i. William II Longspée 43 70 was born about 1212 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England, died on 8 Feb 1250 in Al-Mansura, Egypt about age 38, and was buried in Acre, Palestine.
21. Geoffrey I de Porhoët 12 44 (Constance , Princess of Bretagne12, Maud , Princess of England6, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1126 in <Rohan, Brittany, France>.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Baron Zouche :
Baron Zouche is a title that has thrice been created in the Peerage of England . The de la Zouche family descended from Alan la Zouche, 1st Baron la Zouche of Ashby , sometimes called Alan de Porhoët and Alan la Coche (c. 1136-1190), a Breton who settled in England during the reign of Henry II . He was the son of Vicomte Geoffrey I de Porhoët and Hawisa of Brittany.
Geoffrey married Hawise Fergan 12 about 1156. Hawise was born about 1130 in <Bretagne, France>.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 37 M i. Alan La Zouche 12 71 was born about 1157 in <Harringworth, Northamptonshire>, England and died in 1190 in North Melton, Devonshire, England about age 33.
22. Hugh of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester 47 48 49 (Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1147 in Kevelioc, Monmouthshire, Wales and died on 30 Jun 1181 in Leek, Staffordshire, England at age 34.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester :
Hugh de Kevelioc, Earl of Chester (1147 - 30 June 1181) was the son of Ranulf de Gernon and Maud of Gloucester, daughter of Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester (otherwise known as Robert de Caen , the illegitimate son of Henry I of England , making her Henry's granddaughter).
He is thought by some to have taken his name from Kevelioc in Monmouth as his birthplace, but others think that instead he was born in, and took the name of, the cwmwd of Cyfeiliog (in modern Powys ) in the southern part of the Kingdom of Powys , Wales .
He was underage when his father's death in 1153 made him heir to his family's estates on both sides of the channel. He joined the baronial Revolt of 1173-1174 against King Henry II of England , and was influential in convincing the Bretons to revolt. After being captured and imprisoned after the Battle of Alnwick , he finally got his estates restored in 1177, and served in King Henry's Irish campaigns.
In 1169 he married Bertrade de Montfort of Evreux , daughter of Simon III de Montfort . She was the cousin of King Henry, who gave her away in marriage. Their children were:
Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester
Maud of Chester (1171-1233), married David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon
Mabel of Chester, married William d'Aubigny, 3rd Earl of Arundel
Agnes of Chester (died 2 November 1247), married William de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby
Hawise of Chester (1180-1242), married Robert II de Quincy
A daughter, name unknown, who was briefly married to Llywelyn Fawr
He also had an illegitimate daughter, Amice of Chester, who married Ralph de Mainwaring.
Hugh of Kevelioc died 30 June 1181 at Leek , Staffordshire , England.
Noted events in his life were:
• Vicomte d'Avranches, Normandy:
Hugh married Bertrade de Montfort, of Evreux.47
Children from this marriage were:
+ 38 F i. Mabel of Chester 72 was born about 1173.
+ 39 M ii. Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester was born in 1172, died on 26 Oct 1232 at age 60, and was buried in St. Werburg's, Chester, Cheshire, England.
+ 40 F iii. Hawise of Chester, Countess of Lincoln 47 73 was born in 1180 and died between 1241 and 1243.
+ 41 F iv. Agnes of Chester, Lady of Chartley 74 died on 2 Nov 1247.
Hugh next married someone.
+ 42 F i. Amice of Chester 43 75 was born about 1167.
23. Simon III de Montfort, Count of Evreux 50 (Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) died about 1181.
Simon married Maud.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 43 F i. Bertrade de Montfort, of Evreux
24. Joanna de Meschines 15 (Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1145 in <Chester, Cheshire>, England.
Joanna married Adam Brus.15 Adam was born about 1143 in Skelton, North Yorkshire, England, died in 1196 in Skelton, North Yorkshire, England about age 53, and was buried in Gisborough Priory, Guisborough, North Yorkshire, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 44 F i. Isabel Brus 15 was born about 1160 in Skelton, North Yorkshire, England, died after 1230, and was buried in Whitby Abbey, North Riding, Yorkshire, England.
25. Amice FitzWilliam, Countess of Gloucester 51 52 (William, 2nd Earl of Gloucester14, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1160 and died on 1 Jan 1225 about age 65.
Death Notes: Ancestral Roots has. d. 1 Jan 1224/1225. Wikipedia has d. 1220.
Research Notes: Second daughter and co-heiress of William FitzRobert.
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 63-27
Amice married Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Clare 51 76 77 about 1180. Richard was born about 1153 in Tonbridge Castle, Tonbridge, Kent, England, died on 30 Dec 1218 in Oxfordshire, England about age 65, and was buried in Clare or Tunbridge Priory.
Death Notes: Ancestral Roots has. d. 28 Nov 1217. Magna Charta Barons & Wikipedia have 30 Dec 1218.
Noted events in his life were:
• Magna Charta Surety: 1215.
• 4th Earl of Hertford: 1173-1218.
• x:
Children from this marriage were:
+ 45 F i. Isabel de Clare 51 was born in 1178.
+ 46 M ii. Sir Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Clare, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester 78 79 80 was born about 1180 in Hertford, Hertfordshire, England, died on 25 Oct 1230 in Penros, Brittany, France about age 50, and was buried in Tewkesbury Abbey, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England.
+ 47 F iii. Maud de Clare 81 was born in 1184 in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England and died in 1213 at age 29.
+ 48 M iv. Richard de Clare 51 was born in 1184 in Hertford, Hertfordshire, England and died on 4 Mar 1228 in London, England at age 44.
+ 49 F v. Joan de Clare 51 82 was born in 1184 in Hertford, Hertfordshire, England.
26. Roland Lord of Galloway 19 54 (Uchtred , Lord of Galloway15, Elizabeth , Princess of England8, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1164 in <Galloway, Perthshire, Scotland>, died on 19 Dec 1200 in Northamptonshire, England about age 36, and was buried in Abbey of Saint Andrew, Northamptonshire, England.
Noted events in his life were:
• Constable of Scotland: 1189-1200.
Roland married Elena de Morville.83 84 Elena was born about 1172 in <Kirkoswald, Cumberland, England>, died on 11 Jun 1217 about age 45, and was buried in Abbey of Dundrennan, Kirkcudbright, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 50 M i. Alan Lord of Galloway 19 was born about 1186 in <Galloway, Wigtownshire, Scotland>, died in 1234 about age 48, and was buried in Abbey of Dundrennan, Kirkcudbright, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland.
27. Mathilde of Flanders 56 (Marie , of Blois, Countess of Boulogne16, Stephen , of Blois, King of England9, Adela , of Normandy3, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) died between 1210 and 1211.
Mathilde married Henry I , Duke of Lorraine, Louvain and Brabant 85 86 in 1179. Henry was born about 1165 in Leuven, Brabant, Flanders, Belgium and died on 5 Sep 1235 in Cologne, Germany about age 70.
Noted events in his life were:
• Duke of Brabant: 1184.
• Duke of Lower Lotharingia: 1190.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 51 M i. Henry II Duke of Brabant 87 was born in 1207 and died on 1 Feb 1248 in Leuven, Brabant, Flanders, Belgium at age 41.
28. Guy I Vicomte de Troyes 58 (Isabel de Montlhéry, Viscomtessa de Troyes17, Lithuaise10, Adela , of Normandy3, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) died in 1151.
Noted events in his life were:
• Seigneur de Dampierre:
• Seigneur de St. Dizier:
• Seigneur de Moëlan:
• Seigneur de St. Just:
Guy married Helvide de Baudement.88
The child from this marriage was:
+ 52 F i. Helvis de Dampierre 89 died after 1295.
Sixth Generation 
29. Blanche of Castile 61 62 (Eleanor , of England18, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 4 Mar 1188 in Palencia, (Palencia, Castile-Léon), Spain and died on 26 Nov 1252 in Paris, (Île-de-France), France at age 64.
Death Notes: Ancestral Roots 113-28 has d. 27 Nov. 1252
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Blanche of Castile :
Blanche of Castile (Blanca de Castilla in Spanish ; 4 March 1188 - 26 November 1252), wife of Louis VIII of France . She was born in Palencia , Spain , the third daughter of Alfonso VIII , king of Castile , and of Eleanor of England . Eleanor was a daughter of Henry II of England and his Queen consort Eleanor of Aquitaine .
Biography
In consequence of a treaty between Philip Augustus and John of England , Blanche's sister Urraca was betrothed to the former's son, Louis. Their grandmother Eleanor, upon getting acquainted with the two sisters, judged that Blanche's personality was more fit for a queen of France. In the spring of 1200 she brought her to France instead. On 22 May 1200 the treaty was finally signed, John ceding with his niece the fiefs of Issoudun and Gracay , together with those that André de Chauvigny , lord of Châteauroux, held in Berry , of the English crown. The marriage was celebrated the next day, at Portmort on the right bank of the Seine , in John's domains, as those of Philip lay under an interdict.
Blanche first displayed her great qualities in 1216, when Louis, who on the death of John claimed the English crown in her right, invaded England, only to find a united nation against him. Philip Augustus refused to help his son, and Blanche was his sole support. The queen established herself at Calais and organized two fleets, one of which was commanded by Eustace the Monk , and an army under Robert of Courtenay ; but all her resolution and energy were in vain. Although it would seem that her masterful temper exercised a sensible influence upon her husband's gentler character, her role during his reign (1223-1226) is not well known.
Upon his death he left Blanche regent and guardian of his children. Of her twelve or thirteen children, six had died, and Louis, the heir - afterwards the sainted Louis IX - was but twelve years old.
The situation was critical, for the hard-won domains of the house of Capet seemed likely to fall to pieces during a minority. Blanche had to bear the whole burden of affairs alone, to break up a league of the barons (1226), and to repel the attack of the king of England (1230). But her energy and firmness overcame all dangers.
There was an end to the calumnies circulated against her, based on the poetical homage rendered her by Count Theobald IV of Champagne , a.k.a. KingTheobald I of Navarre since 1234, and the prolonged stay in Paris of the papal legate, Romano Bonaventura , cardinal of Sant' Angelo. The nobles were awed by her warlike preparations or won over by adroit diplomacy, and their league was broken up. St Louis owed his realm to his mother, but he himself always remained somewhat under the spell of her imperious personality.
After he came of age, in 1234, aged 20, her influence upon him may still be traced. The same year, he was married, and Blanche became Queen mother . Louis IX married Marguerite of Provence, who was the eldest of four daughters of Ramon, count of Provence, and Beatrice of Savoy. In 1248 Blanche again became Queen regent, during Louis IX's absence on the crusade, a project which she had strongly opposed. In the disasters which followed she maintained peace, while draining the land of men and money to aid her son in the East. At last her strength failed her. She fell ill into a bale of hay at Melun in November 1252, and was taken to Paris , but lived only a few days. She was buried at Maubuisson .
[edit ] Issue
Blanche (1205-1206).
Agnes (b. and d. 1207).
Philippe (9 September 1209 - July 1218), married (or only betrothed) in 1217 to Agnes of Donzy.
Alphonse (b. and d. Lorrez-le-Bocage, 23 January 1213).
John (b. and d. Lorrez-le-Bocage, 23 January 1213), twin of Alphonse.
Louis IX (Poissy, 25 April 1214 - 25 August 1270, Tunis), King of France as successor to his father.
Robert (25 September 1216 - 9 February 1250, killed in battle, Manssurah, Egypt)
Philippe (2 January 1218-1220).
John Tristan (21 July 1219-1232), Count of Anjou and Maine.
Alphonse (Poissy, 11 November 1220 - 21 August 1271, Corneto), Count of Poitou and Auvergne, and by marriage, of Toulouse.
Philippe Dagobert (20 February 1222-1232).
Isabel (14 April 1225 - 23 February 1269).
Charles Etienne (21 March 1226 - 7 January 1285), Count of Anjou and Maine, by marriage Count of Provence and Folcalquier, and King of Sicily.
Blanche married Louis VIII , King of France 90 91 on 23 May 1200. Louis was born on 3 Sep 1187 and died on 8 Nov 1226 in Montpensier, Auvergne, (France) at age 39.
Noted events in his life were:
• King of France: 1223-1226.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 53 M i. Robert I "the Good" Count of Artois 92 was born in 1216 and died on 8 Feb 1250 at age 34.
30. KingHenry III of England 63 64 (King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 1 Oct 1207 in Winchester Castle, Winchester, (Hampshire), England, died on 16 Nov 1272 in Westminster Palace, London, England at age 65, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, Middlesex, England.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Henry III of England :
Henry III (1 October 1207 - 16 November 1272 ) was the son and successor of John "Lackland" as King of England , reigning for fifty-six years from 1216 to his death. Mediaeval English monarchs did not use numbers after their names, and his contemporaries knew him as Henry of Winchester. He was the first child king in England since the reign of Ethelred the Unready . Despite his long reign, his personal accomplishments were slim and he was a political and military failure. England, however, prospered during his century and his greatest monument is Westminster , which he made the seat of his government and where he expanded the abbey as a shrine to Edward the Confessor .
He assumed the crown under the regency of the popular William Marshal , but the England he inherited had undergone several drastic changes in the reign of his father. He spent much of his reign fighting the barons over the Magna Carta [citation needed ] and the royal rights, and was eventually forced to call the first "parliament " in 1264. He was also unsuccessful on the Continent, where he endeavoured to re-establish English control over Normandy , Anjou , and Aquitaine .
Coronation
Henry III was born in 1207 at Winchester Castle . He was the son of King John and Isabella of Angoulême . After his father's death in 1216, Henry, who was nine at the time, was hastily crowned in Gloucester Cathedral ; he was the first child monarch since the Norman invasion of England in 1066. The coronation was a simple affair, attended by only a handful of noblemen and three bishops. None of his father's executors was present, and in the absence of a crown a simple golden band was placed on the young boy's head, not by the Archbishop of Canterbury (who was at this time supporting Prince Louis of France , the newly-proclaimed king of England) but rather by the Bishop of Gloucester . In 1220, a second coronation was ordered by Pope Honorius III who did not consider that the first had been carried out in accordance with church rites. This occurred on 17 May 1220 in Westminster Abbey .[1]
Under John's rule, the barons had supported an invasion by Prince Louis because they disliked the way that John had ruled the country. However, they quickly saw that the young prince was a safer option. Henry's regents immediately declared their intention to rule by Magna Carta , which they proceeded to do during Henry's minority. Magna Carta was reissued in 1217 as a sign of goodwill to the barons and the country was ruled by regents until 1227...
Death
Henry's reign ended when he died in 1272, after which he was succeeded by his son, Edward I . His body was laid, temporarily, in the tomb of Edward the Confessor while his own sarcophagus was constructed in Westminster Abbey ...
Marriage and children
Married on 14 January 1236 , Canterbury Cathedral , Canterbury , Kent , to Eleanor of Provence , with at least five children born:
Edward I (b. 17 January 1239 - d. 8 July 1307 )
Margaret (b. 29 September 1240 - d. 26 February 1275 ), married King Alexander III of Scotland
Beatrice (b. 25 June 1242 - d. 24 March 1275 ), married to John II, Duke of Brittany
Edmund (16 January 1245 - d. 5 June 1296 )
Katharine (b. 25 November 1253 - d. 3 May 1257 ), deafness was discovered at age 2. [1]
There is reason to doubt the existence of several attributed children of Henry and Eleanor.
Are known only from a 14th century addition made to a manuscript of Flores historiarum , and are nowhere contemporaneously recorded.
Another daughter, Matilda, is found only in the Hayles abbey chronicle, alongside such other fictitious children as a son named William for King John , and a bastard son named John for King Edward I . Matilda's existence is doubtful, at best. For further details, see Margaret Howell, The Children of King Henry III and Eleanor of Provence (1992).
Personal details
Noted events in his life were:
• King of England: 1216-1272.
Henry married Eleanor , of Provence 93 94 on 14 Jan 1237 in Canterbury, Kent, England. Eleanor was born about 1223 and died on 25 Jun 1291 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England about age 68.
Marriage Notes: Ancestral Roots has m. 14 Jan 1237 and m. 14 Jan 1236
Children from this marriage were:
+ 54 M i. Edmund "Crouchback" 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester 95 was born on 16 Jan 1245 in London, England, died on 5 Jun 1296 in Bayonne, France at age 51, and was buried on 15 Jul 1296 in Westminster Abbey, London, Midlesex, England.
+ 55 M ii. KingEdward I of England 96 97 was born on 17 Jun 1239 in Westminster Palace, London, England, died on 7 Jul 1307 in Burgh-by-Sands, Cumberland, England at age 68, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, Midlesex, England.
+ 56 F iii. Margaret of England 98 was born on 29 Sep 1240 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England, died on 26 Feb 1275 in Cupar Castle at age 34, and was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland.
+ 57 F iv. Beatrice of England 99 was born on 25 Jun 1242 in Bordeaux, France and died on 24 Mar 1275 in London, Middlesex, England at age 32.
+ 58 F v. Katharine was born in 1253 and died in 1257 at age 4.
31. Richard 1st Earl of Cornwall, King of the Romans (King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 5 Jan 1209 and died on 2 Apr 1272 at age 63.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 258-27
Source also: Wikipedia - John of England
Richard had a relationship with Joan de Valletort.
32. Joan Queen Consort of Scotland 65 (King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1210 and died in 1238 at age 28.
Research Notes: Queen Consort of Alexander II of Scotland
Source: Wikipedia - John of England
33. Isabella (King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1214 and died in 1241 at age 27.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - John of England
34. Eleanor (King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1215 and died on 13 Apr 1275 at age 60.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 260-30
Source also: Wikipedia - John of England
Eleanor married William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke on 23 Apr 1224. William died on 15 Apr 1231.
Eleanor next married Simon , de Montfort, Earl of Leicester 7 Jan 1238 or 1239. Simon was born about 1208 in Normandy, France and died on 4 Aug 1265 in Evesham, Worcestershire, England about age 57.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 59 F i. Elinor de Montfort was born about 1252 and died in 1282 about age 30.
35. Joan Princess of Gwynedd 66 67 68 (King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born before 1200 and died between 30 Mar 1236 and Feb 1237.
Research Notes: Natural daughter of John, king of England. John had another, legitimate, daughter named Joan, who was Queen Consort of Alexander II of Scotland.
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From Ancestral Roots, Line 29A-27:
"JOAN, (nat. dau. by unknown mistress [of John "Lackland"]), Princess of North Wales, b. well bef. 1200, d. 30 Mar. 1236 or Feb. 1237..."
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Source - Wikipedia - John of England and Llywelyn the Great.
From Wikipedia - Llywelyn the Great:
"During Llywelyn's boyhood Gwynedd was ruled by two of his uncles, who had agreed to split the kingdom between them following the death of Llywelyn's grandfather, Owain Gwynedd , in 1170. Llywelyn had a strong claim to be the legitimate ruler and began a campaign to win power at an early age. He was sole ruler of Gwynedd by 1200, and made a treaty with King John of England the same year. Llywelyn's relations with John remained good for the next ten years. He married John's illegitimate daughter Joan , also known as Joanna, in 1205, and when John arrested Gwenwynwyn ab Owain of Powys in 1208 Llywelyn took the opportunity to annex southern Powys. In 1210 relations deteriorated and John invaded Gwynedd in 1211. Llywelyn was forced to seek terms and to give up all his lands east of the River Conwy, but was able to recover these lands the following year in alliance with the other Welsh princes. He allied himself with the barons who forced John to sign Magna Carta in 1215. By 1216 he was the dominant power in Wales, holding a council at Aberdyfi that year to apportion lands to the other princes...
Children
The identity of the mother of some of Llywelyn's children is uncertain. He was survived by nine children, two legitimate, one probably legitimate and six illegitimate. Elen ferch Llywelyn (c.1207-1253), his only certainly legitimate daughter, first married John de Scotia, Earl of Chester. This marriage was childless, and after John's death Elen married Sir Robert de Quincy , the brother of Roger de Quincy, Earl of Winchester . Llywelyn's only legitimate son, Dafydd ap Llywelyn (c.1208-1246), married Isabella de Braose, daughter of William de Braose, 10th Baron Abergavenny , Lord of Abergavenny. William was the son of Reginald de Braose , who married another of Llywelyn's daughters. Dafydd and Isabella may have had one child together, Helen of Wales (1246-1295), but the marriage failed to produce a male heir.
Another daughter, Gwladus Ddu (c.1206-1251), was probably legitimate. Adam of Usk states that she was a legitimate daughter by Joan, although some sources claim that her mother was Llywelyn's mistress, Tangwystl Goch.[64] She first married Reginald de Braose of Brecon and Abergavenny, but had no children by him. After Reginald's death she married Ralph de Mortimer of Wigmore and had several sons.
The mother of most of Llywelyn's illegitimate children is known or assumed to have been Llywelyn's mistress, Tangwystl Goch (c.1168-1198). Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (c.1196-1244) was Llywelyn's eldest son and is known to be the son of Tangwystl. He married Senena, daughter of Caradoc ap Thomas of Anglesey . Their four sons included Llywelyn ap Gruffydd , who for a period occupied a position in Wales comparable to that of his grandfather, and Dafydd ap Gruffydd who ruled Gwynedd briefly after his brother's death. Llywelyn had another son, Tegwared ap Llywelyn, by a woman known only as Crysten.
Marared ferch Llywelyn (c.1198-after 1263) married John de Braose of Gower, a nephew of Reginald de Braose, and after his death married Walter Clifford of Bronllys and Clifford. Other illegitimate daughters were Gwenllian ferch Llywelyn, who married William de Lacey, and Angharad ferch Llywelyn, who married Maelgwn Fychan. Susanna ferch Llywelyn was sent to England as a hostage in 1228, but no further details are known."
Joan married Llywelyn the Great , Prince of Gwynedd in 1205. Llywelyn was born about 1173 in <Dolwyddelan>, Wales, died on 11 Apr 1240 in Cistercian Abbey of Aberconwy, Wales about age 67, and was buried in Llanrwst Parish Church, Wales.
Marriage Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 29A-27 has m. 1206. Wikipedia has m. 1205.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 60 F i. Elen ferch Llywelyn Fawr 100 101 was born about 1207 and died in 1253 about age 46.
+ 61 M ii. Dafydd ap Llywelyn was born about 1208 and died in 1246 about age 38.
+ 62 F iii. Gwladys "Ddu" verch Llewellyn 102 103 was born about 1206 in Caernarvonshire, Wales and died in 1251 in Windsor, Berkshire, England about age 45.
36. William II Longspée 43 70 (William Longspée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury20, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1212 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England, died on 8 Feb 1250 in Al-Mansura, Egypt about age 38, and was buried in Acre, Palestine.
Death Notes: On the Nile
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - William II Longespée :
Sir William II Longespée (c. 1212 - 8 February, 1250) was the son of William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury , an English noble. His death became of significant importance to the English psyche, having died as a martyr due to the purported mistakes, and arrogance, of the French at the Battle of Mansurah , near Al-Mansurah in Egypt .
Longespee made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1240, and again in 1247. The second time, he proceeded to Rome and made a plea to Pope Innocent IV for support:
"Sir, you see that I am signed with the cross and am on my journey with the King of France to fight in this pilgrimage. My name is great and of note, viz., William Longespee, but my estate is slender, for the King of England , my kinsman and liege lord, hath bereft me of the title of earl and of that estate, but this he did judiciously, and not in displeasure, and by the impulse of his will; therefore I do not blame him for it. Howbeit, I am necessitated to have recourse to your holiness for favour, desiring your assistance in this distress. We see here (quoth he) that Earl Richard (of Cornwall) who, though he is not signed with the cross, yet, through the especial grace of your holiness, he hath got very much money from those who are signed, and therefore, I, who am signed and in want, do intreat the like favour."[1]
Having succeeded in gaining the favour of the Pope, Longespee raised a company of 200 English horse to join with Louis IX on his crusade. To raise funds for his expedition, he sold a charter of liberties to the burgesses of the town of Poole in 1248 for 70 marks .[2] During the Seventh Crusade , Longespee commanded the English forces. He became widely known for his feats of chivalry and his subsequent martyrdom. The circumstances of his death served to fuel growing English animosity toward the French; it is reported that the French Count d'Artois lured Longespee into attacking the Mameluks before the forces of King Louis IX arrived in support. Robert d'Artois, William II Longespee and his men, along with 280 Knights Templar , were killed at this time.
It is said that his mother, Abbess Ela Longespee, had a vision of the martyr being received into heaven by angels just one day prior to his death. In 1252, the Sultan delivered Longespee's remains to a messenger who conveyed them to Acre (Akko ) for burial at the church of St. Cross. However, his effigy is found amongst family members at Salisbury Cathedral , in England.
Marriage and issue
William married Idoine de Camville, daughter of Richard de Camville & Eustacia Basset. They had two sons and two daughters:
William married Idoine de Camville 104 105 in Jun 1226. Idoine was born about 1209 in <Brattleby, Lincolnshire>, England and died on 1 Jan 1251 about age 42.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 63 F i. Ela Longspee 43 106 was born about 1226 in England and died on 22 Nov 1299 about age 73.
37. Alan La Zouche 12 71 (Geoffrey I de Porhoët21, Constance , Princess of Bretagne12, Maud , Princess of England6, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1157 in <Harringworth, Northamptonshire>, England and died in 1190 in North Melton, Devonshire, England about age 33.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Baron Zouche:
Baron Zouche is a title that has thrice been created in the Peerage of England . The de la Zouche family descended from Alan la Zouche, 1st Baron la Zouche of Ashby , sometimes called Alan de Porhoët and Alan la Coche (c. 1136-1190), a Breton who settled in England during the reign of Henry II . He was the son of Vicomte Geoffrey I de Porhoët and Hawisa of Brittany. He married Adeline (Alice) de Belmeis, daughter of Phillip de Belmeis and Maud la Meschine and died at North Melton in Devon . He obtained Ashby in Leicestershire (called after him Ashby-de-la-Zouch ) by his marriage. His son was Roger la Zouche (c. 1175- bef. 14 May 1238).
Alan married Alice de Belmeis 12 about 1181 in Josselin, Morbihan, France. Alice was born about 1160 in <Harringworth, Northamptonshire>, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 64 M i. Roger La Zouche 12 44 107 was born about 1182 in <Ashby, Leicestershire>, England and died before 14 May 1238.
38. Mabel of Chester 72 (Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1173.
Research Notes: Source: familysearch.org (Kevin Bradford)
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 149-27 (William d'Aubigny)
Mabel married William d'Aubigny, 3rd Earl of Arundel 72 108 Betw 1196 and 1199. William was born before 1180, died on 1 Feb 1221 in [near Rome], (Italy), and was buried in Wymondham Abbey, Wymondham, Norfolk, England.
Death Notes: Other sources have d. March 1220/1221
Children from this marriage were:
+ 65 F i. Nichole d' Aubigny
+ 66 F ii. Isabel d'Aubigny
39. Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester (Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1172, died on 26 Oct 1232 at age 60, and was buried in St. Werburg's, Chester, Cheshire, England.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester :
Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester[1] born 1172 - died 1232, known in some references as the 4th Earl (in the second lineage of the title after the original family line was broken after the 2nd Earl) was one of the "old school" of Anglo-Norman barons whose loyalty to the Angevin dynasty was consistent but contingent on the receipt of lucrative favours. He was described as "almost the last relic of the great feudal aristocracy of the Conquest".[2]
Early life
Ranulf, born in 1172,[1] was the son of Hugh de Kevelioc and Bertrade de Montfort of Evreux . He was said to have been small in physical stature.
He succeeded to the earldom of Chester (like his father before him) as a minor (aged nine) and attained his majority in 1187, which gave him control of his estates in England and Normandy.
[edit ] Early career
In 1189, aged seventeen, he was married to Constance of Brittany , the widow of Henry II 's son Geoffrey, and the mother of Arthur of Brittany , with whom King John contested the succession. Henry did not trust the Countess and wanted her married to a magnate he could trust The marriage gave Ranulf control of the earldom of Richmond and the duchy of Brittany , but was not a success and they separated.
In 1196, King Richard I of England nominated the nine-year-old Arthur as his heir, and summoned him and his mother, Countess Constance, to Normandy. Constance left Nantes and travelled towards Rouen . On the way she was abducted by her estranged husband. Richard, furious, marched to Brittany at the head of an army, intent on rescuing his nephew. Arthur was secretly taken away by his tutor to the French court to be brought up with Louis , son of the French king Philip II .
In 1199, Constance escaped from her husband and their marriage was dissolved on the grounds of desertion.
In 1200 Ranulf cemented his power in Normandy by marrying Clemence of Fougères; she was the daughter of William of Fougères , widow of Alan de Dinant , and sister of Geoffrey of Fougères . He had opposed John's attempted coup of 1193-4, and retained many contacts with partisans of his former stepson Arthur. He spent most of 1199-1204 in France and his continued loyalty was bought by John with further patronage. However the King was suspicious of the Earl, perhaps with some reason. In the winter of 1204-5, Ranulph, suspected of dealings with the rebellious Welsh and of contemplating revolt himself, had extensive estates temporarily confiscated by the king. This episode apparently convinced Ranulph to show loyalty in future. Thereafter he was showered with royal favours. In return he fought John's Welsh wars 1209-12; helped secure the peace with the pope in 1213-14, and was with the king in Poitou in 1214.
Loyal to the king in 1215-16, he was one of the few magnates to witness the Magna Carta of 1215. He played a leading military role in the civil war by virtue of his extensive estates and numerous castles. Ranulf stood with William Marshal and the Earls of Derby and Warwick with the King, whilst the other nobility of the land stood with the enemy or remained aloof from the conflict
Regency
On John's death in 1216, Ranulf's influence increased further. There was an expectation at Gloucester that Ranulf would contend for the regency for the young Henry III . Events moved quickly at Gloucester, where William Marshal and the young king were, in Ranulph's absence. The Marshal was put forward and offered the regency by the nobility and clerics gathered at Gloucester before the arrival of Ranulph. There was concern that Ranulph might object to the decision, but when he arrived (29 October 1216) he stated that he did not want to be regent, so any potential conflict vanished.
Campaign of 1217
Before John's death, rebel barons had offered the throne of England to Louis, the heir to the French throne. Louis had invaded the country during the summer of 1216 and had taken Winchester. De Blondeville put his political weight behind re-issuing the Magna Carta in 1216 and 1217; his military experience was utilised in defeating the rebels at Lincoln in 1217. Ranulph was based in the north midlands and was charged with stopping the northern barons linking up with Louis in the south.
The Earl chose to combine personal concerns with those of the country by attacking Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester 's castle at Mountsorrel in Leicestershire - from which the Earl of Winchester's predecessors had ousted Ranulph's grandfather, Ranulf de Gernon . Louis was persuaded by the Earl of Winchester to send a relief force to the castle. When they arrived, de Blondeville and the Royalist force were gone. In fact they had headed to Lincoln to deal with a French force besieging the castle there.
William Marshal with his main army at Northampton also made for the city, and at Lincoln a battle was fought between the Royalists headed by William Marshal and de Blondeville and the French forces and their allies. The battle went in favour of the Royalists, and they captured forty-six Barons and the Earls of Winchester, Hereford and Lincoln. Following the battle Ranulf was created Earl of Lincoln .
[edit ] Fifth Crusade
In 1218, de Blondeville decided to honour the crusading vow he had made three years previously, and he journeyed eastwards. He met up with the Count of Nevers and the Count of La Marche in Genoa , accompanied by the Earls of Derby, Arundel and Winchester. They then sailed on towards Egypt and the Nile. An icy winter in camp was followed by a burning summer which affected the morale of the crusaders greatly. During September 1219, the Sultan, wary of the conflict outside Damietta , offered the Crusaders a startling bargain - Bethlehem, Nazareth, Jerusalem and central Palastine and Galilee, so long as the Crusaders gave up their war in Egypt. Earl Ranulph was one of many voices in support of taking the offer, and was supported by his English peers. However, Bishop Pelagius , the Patriarch of Jerusalem and the military orders would have none of it. They finally refused the offer and on 5 November they found the walls of Damietta poorly manned, so they attacked and secured the city. When winter came the army was smouldering with discontent. Earl Ranulf left Damietta in September of 1220, with his fellow English earls, leaving behind an indecisive force under the command of Bishop Pelagius and the Military Orders. Upon the crusade's failure he returned to England to find his rival, William Marshal dead and the government in the hands of Hubert de Burgh.
[edit ] Final years
From 1220 to 1224, tensions grew between government officials and old loyalists of King John. This flared into open conflict in the winter of 1223-4 when Ranulf among others briefly tried to resist de Burgh's policy of resumption of sheriffdoms and royal castles. Ranulf built Bolingbroke Castle near Spilsby in Lincolnshire around 1220, later the birthplace of King Henry IV . Ranulf was briefly made castellan of Wallingford Castle . He made an alliance with Llywelyn the Great , whose daughter Elen married Ranulf's nephew and heir, John the Scot , in about 1222.
De Blondeville's final years saw him acting as an elder statesman, witnessing the 1225 re-issue of the Magna Carta, playing a prominent role in the dispute in 1227 over Forest Laws and, as a veteran, leading Henry III's army on the ill-fated Poitou expedition of 1230-1. He came to lead the campaign after the death of William Marshal (the younger). He showed vigour and made a thrust into Anjou, but by the end of June the French had reached the Breton border. Ranulf concluded the campaign with a truce with the King of France for three years, to end in 1234.
Earl Ranulf kept in sight his personal advantage. In 1220 some of his estates avoided carucage ; in 1225 Aid was not levied in Cheshire; and in 1229 he successfully resisted the ecclesiastical tax collector. His only major failure, in old age, was not avoiding the 1232 levy of the fortieth on his lands.
Ranulf's death
Ranulf died on 26 October 1232[1], aged sixty. His viscera were buried at Wallingford Castle, his heart at DieuLacres Abbey (which he had founded), and the remainder of his body at St Werburg's in Chester . His earldom of Lincoln passed to Margaret de Quincy, daughter of his youngest sister Hawise , who had married John de Lacy . His own earldom of Chester went to the son of his sister Maud of Chester , John the Scot .
Noted events in his life were:
• Witnessed the Magna Charta: 1215.
40. Hawise of Chester, Countess of Lincoln 47 73 (Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1180 and died between 1241 and 1243.
Research Notes: Sister and coheiress of Ranulph de Meschines, fourth Earl of Chester and Lincoln.
Hawise married Robert II de Quincy.109 110 Robert died in 1257 in <Palestine>.
Noted events in his life were:
• Crusader:
The child from this marriage was:
+ 67 F i. Margaret de Quincy 110 111 was born about 1209 and died in Mar 1266 in Hempstead Marshall, England about age 57.
41. Agnes of Chester, Lady of Chartley 74 (Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) died on 2 Nov 1247.
Agnes married William de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby 112 113 in 1192 in Cheshire, England. William was born about 1162 in Ferrers, Derbyshire, England and died on 22 Sep 1247 about age 85.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 68 M i. Sir William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby 113 114 115 was born about 1193 in <Derbyshire>, England, died on 28 Mar 1254 in Evington, Leicestershire, England about age 61, and was buried on 31 Mar 1254 in Merevale Abbey, Merevale, Warwickshire, England.
42. Amice of Chester 43 75 (Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1167.
Research Notes: Illegitimate daughter of Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester, according to Wikipedia.
Amice married Ralph de Mainwaring 43 in 1179 in Warmingham, Cheshire, England. Ralph was born about 1155 in <Warmingham, Cheshire>, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 69 F i. Bertred Mainwaring 43 116 was born about 1196 in England and died after 1249.
43. Bertrade de Montfort, of Evreux (Simon III de Montfort, Count of Evreux23, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1)
Bertrade married Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester.47 48 49 Hugh was born in 1147 in Kevelioc, Monmouthshire, Wales and died on 30 Jun 1181 in Leek, Staffordshire, England at age 34.
Noted events in his life were:
• Vicomte d'Avranches, Normandy:
(Duplicate Line. See Person 22)
44. Isabel Brus 15 (Joanna de Meschines24, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1160 in Skelton, North Yorkshire, England, died after 1230, and was buried in Whitby Abbey, North Riding, Yorkshire, England.
Isabel married Henry de Percy, 5th Baron Percy 117 118 about 1182 in Cleveland, Yorkshire, England. Henry was born about 1156 in <Whitby>, Yorkshire, England, died before 29 Sep 1198, and was buried in St. Lo, Rouen, France.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 70 M i. William de Percy, 6th Baron Percy 117 118 was born about 1193 in <Alnwick>, Northumberland, England, died before 28 Jul 1245, and was buried in Salley Abbey, Craven, Yorkshire, England.
45. Isabel de Clare 51 (Amice FitzWilliam, Countess of Gloucester25, William, 2nd Earl of Gloucester14, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1178.
46. Sir Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Clare, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester 78 79 80 (Amice FitzWilliam, Countess of Gloucester25, William, 2nd Earl of Gloucester14, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1180 in Hertford, Hertfordshire, England, died on 25 Oct 1230 in Penros, Brittany, France about age 50, and was buried in Tewkesbury Abbey, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England.
Research Notes: 7th Earl of Clare, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester.
From Wikipedia - Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford :
Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford (1180 - October 25 , 1230 ) was the son of Richard de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford , from whom he inherited the Clare estates, from his mother, Amice Fitz William, the estates of Gloucester and the honour of St. Hilary, and from Rohese, an ancestor, the moiety of the Giffard estates. In June 1202, he was entrusted with the lands of Harfleur and Montrevillers .
In 1215 Gilbert and his father were two of the barons made Magna Carta sureties and championed Louis "le Dauphin" of France in the First Barons' War , fighting at Lincoln under the baronial banner. He was taken prisoner in 1217 by William Marshal , whose daughter Isabel he later married.
In 1223 he accompanied his brother-in-law, Earl Marshal , in an expedition into Wales. In 1225 he was present at the confirmation of the Magna Carta by Henry III . In 1228 he led an army against the Welsh, capturing Morgan Gam , who was released the next year. He then joined in an expedition to Brittany , but died on his way back to Penrose in that duchy. His body was conveyed home by way of Plymouth and Cranborne to Tewkesbury . His widow Isabel later married Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall & King of the Romans . His own arms were: Or, three chevronels gules.
Hertford had six children by his wife Isabel , née Marshal:[1]
Noted events in his life were:
• Magna Charta Surety: 1215.
• 5th Earl of Hertford: 1217-1230.
• Earl of Gloucester: 1217-1230.
Gilbert married Isabel Marshal 119 120 on 9 Oct 1217. Isabel died on 17 Jan 1240 in Berkhampstead, England.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 71 M i. Sir Richard de Clare, 8th Earl of Clare 79 121 122 was born on 4 Aug 1222, died on 15 Jul 1262 in Asbenfield, Waltham near Canterbury, England at age 39, and was buried in Tewkesbury Abbey, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England.
+ 72 F ii. Agnes de Clare 80 was born in 1218.
+ 73 F iii. Amice de Clare 80 was born in 1220 and died in 1287 at age 67.
+ 74 F iv. Isabel de Clare 80 was born on 2 Nov 1226 and died on 10 Jul 1264 at age 37.
+ 75 M v. William de Clare 80 was born in 1228 and died in 1258 at age 30.
47. Maud de Clare 81 (Amice FitzWilliam, Countess of Gloucester25, William, 2nd Earl of Gloucester14, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1184 in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England and died in 1213 at age 29.
48. Richard de Clare 51 (Amice FitzWilliam, Countess of Gloucester25, William, 2nd Earl of Gloucester14, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1184 in Hertford, Hertfordshire, England and died on 4 Mar 1228 in London, England at age 44.
49. Joan de Clare 51 82 (Amice FitzWilliam, Countess of Gloucester25, William, 2nd Earl of Gloucester14, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1184 in Hertford, Hertfordshire, England.
Joan married Rhys Gwyg ap Rhys, Lord of Yestradtywy.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 76 M i. Rhys-Mechyllt of Llandovery Castle
50. Alan Lord of Galloway 19 (Roland , Lord of Galloway26, Uchtred , Lord of Galloway15, Elizabeth , Princess of England8, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1186 in <Galloway, Wigtownshire, Scotland>, died in 1234 about age 48, and was buried in Abbey of Dundrennan, Kirkcudbright, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland.
Research Notes: Per Ancestral Roots, "A descendant of the English and Scottish Kings."
Noted events in his life were:
• Constable of Scotland: 1215-1234.
• Named: in the Magna Charta.
Alan married Helen de L'Isle 123 124 about 1205 in Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland. Helen was born about 1174 in <Galloway, Wigtownshire, Scotland> and died about 1212 about age 38.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 77 F i. Helen of Galloway 19 125 was born about 1208 in <Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland> and died on 21 Nov 1245 in England about age 37.
Alan next married Margaret , of Huntingdon 126 in 1209. Margaret died in 1201.
Alan next married < >.127
51. Henry II Duke of Brabant 87 (Mathilde , of Flanders27, Marie , of Blois, Countess of Boulogne16, Stephen , of Blois, King of England9, Adela , of Normandy3, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1207 and died on 1 Feb 1248 in Leuven, Brabant, Flanders, Belgium at age 41.
Research Notes: Duke of Brabant and Lothier.
From Wikipedia - Henry II, Duke of Brabant :
Henry II of Brabant (French: Henri II de Brabant, Dutch: Hendrik II van Brabant, 1207 - February 1 , 1248 in Leuven ) was Duke of Brabant and Lothier after the death of his father Henry I in 1235. His mother was Mathilde of Flanders
Henry II supported his sister Mathilde's son, William II, Count of Holland , in the latter's bid for election as German King.
Family and children
His first marriage was to Marie of Hohenstaufen (April 3 , 1201 -1235, Leuven), daughter of Philip of Swabia and Irene Angelina . They had six children:
Henry III, Duke of Brabant (d. 1261)
Philip, died young
Matilda of Brabant (1224 - September 29 , 1288 ), married:
in Compiègne June 14 , 1237 to Robert I of Artois ;
before May 31 , 1254 to Guy II of Châtillon , Count of Saint Pol .
Beatrix (1225 - November 11 , 1288 ), married:
at Kreuzburg March 10 , 1241 Heinrich Raspe Landgrave of Thuringia ;
in Leuven November 1247 to William III of Dampierre, Count of Flanders (1224 - June 6 , 1251 ).
Marie of Brabant (c. 1226 - January 18 , 1256 , Donauwörth ), married Louis II, Duke of Upper Bavaria . She was beheaded by her husband on suspicion of infidelity.
Margaret (d. March 14 , 1277 ), Abbess of Herzogenthal .
His second marriage was to Sophie of Thuringia (March 20 , 1224 - May 29 , 1275 ), daughter of Ludwig IV of Thuringia and Elisabeth of Hungary by whom he had two children:
Henry (1244-1308, created Landgrave of Hesse in 1263.
Elizabeth (1243 - October 9 , 1261 ), married in Braunschweig July 13 , 1254 to Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Henry married Marie , of Hohenstaufen 128 129 before 22 Aug 1215. Marie was born on 3 Apr 1201 in Arezzo, Tuscany, Italy and died on 29 Mar 1235 in Leuven, Brabant, Flanders, Belgium at age 33.
Death Notes: Wikipedia has d. 29 March 1235. Ancestral Roots has d. abt 1240.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 78 F i. Matilda of Brabant 130 131 was born in 1224 and died on 29 Sep 1288 at age 64.
52. Helvis de Dampierre 89 (Guy I , Vicomte de Troyes28, Isabel de Montlhéry, Viscomtessa de Troyes17, Lithuaise10, Adela , of Normandy3, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) died after 1295.
Helvis married Geoffroi IV de Joinville, Sénéchal of Champagne.132 Geoffroi died in Aug 1190 in Acre, Palestine.
Death Notes: Died in battle
The child from this marriage was:
+ 79 M i. Simon de Joinville, Sénéchal of Champagne, Seigneur de Vaucouleurs 133 died in May 1233 in Palestine.
Seventh Generation 53. Robert I "the Good" Count of Artois 92 (Blanche , of Castile29, Eleanor , of England18, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1216 and died on 8 Feb 1250 at age 34.
Research Notes: First husband of Matilda of Brabant.
Wikipedia (Robert I of Artois):
Robert I "the Good" (1216 - February 8 , 1250 ) was Count of Artois . He was the third (and second surviving) son of King Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile .
On June 14 , 1237 , Robert married Matilda of Brabant, daughter of Henry II, Duke of Brabant , and they had two children:
Blanche of Artois (1248 -1302 )
Robert II of Artois (1250 -1302), Count of Artois
He was killed in Egypt during the Seventh Crusade of his brother Louis IX of France , while leading a reckless attack on Al Mansurah . He and the Templars accompanying the expedition charged into the town and became trapped in the narrow streets. According to Jean de Joinville , he defended himself for some time in a house there, but was at last overpowered and killed.
Robert married Matilda , of Brabant 130 131 on 14 Jun 1237. Matilda was born in 1224 and died on 29 Sep 1288 at age 64.
Birth Notes: Wikipedia (Marie of Hohenstaufen) has b. 1224. Ancestral Roots has b. 1196.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 80 F i. Blanche of Artois 134 was born between 1245 and 1250 and died on 2 May 1302 in Paris, (Île-de-France), France.
+ 81 M ii. Robert II of Artois, Count of Artois
54. Edmund "Crouchback" 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester 95 (King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 16 Jan 1245 in London, England, died on 5 Jun 1296 in Bayonne, France at age 51, and was buried on 15 Jul 1296 in Westminster Abbey, London, Midlesex, England.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 17-28
Wikipedia:
"...soon after the forfeiture of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester in 1265, Edmund received the Earldom of Leicester and of Lancaster and also the honour of the Stewardship of England and the lands of Nicolas de Segrave.
"In 1271 he accompanied his elder brother Edward [I Longshanks] on the Ninth Crusade to Palestine. It was because of this he received the nickname Crouchback (or cross back) indicating that he was entitled to wear a cross on his back."
Much more info in Wikipedia & other sources.
Noted events in his life were:
• Created: Earl of Leicester, 1265.
• Created: Earl of Lancaster, 1267.
Edmund married Blanche , of Artois 134 on 29 Oct 1276 in Paris, (Île-de-France), France. Blanche was born between 1245 and 1250 and died on 2 May 1302 in Paris, (Île-de-France), France.
Marriage Notes: Wikipedia has m. 3 Feb 1276.
Ancestral Roots, line 17-28, has m. bet. 18 Dec. 1275 and 19 Jan 1275/1276
Children from this marriage were:
+ 82 M i. Henry 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester 135 136 was born about 1281 in Grosmont Castle, Monmouthshire, England, died on 25 Mar 1345 in Canons Monastery, England about age 64, and was buried in Newark Abbey, Leicestershire, England.
+ 83 M ii. Thomas Plantagenet, 2nd Earl of Lancaster was born in 1278.
+ 84 M iii. John Plantagenet, Lord of Beaufort was born before 1286.
+ 85 F iv. Mary Plantagenet
55. KingEdward I of England 96 97 (King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 17 Jun 1239 in Westminster Palace, London, England, died on 7 Jul 1307 in Burgh-by-Sands, Cumberland, England at age 68, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, Midlesex, England.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Edward I of England :
Edward I (17 June 1239 - 7 July 1307 ), popularly known as Longshanks[1], also as "Edward the Lawgiver" or "the English Justinian" because of his legal reforms, and as "Hammer of the Scots",[2] achieved fame as the monarch who conquered Wales and tried (but failed) to do the same to Scotland . He reigned from 1272 to 1307, ascending the throne of England on 20 November 1272 after the death of his father, King Henry III . His mother was queen consort Eleanor of Provence .
As regnal post-nominal numbers were a Norman (as opposed to English) custom, Edward Longshanks is known as Edward I, even though he is the fourth King Edward, following Edward the Elder , Edward the Martyr , and Edward the Confessor ....
Childhood and marriage to Eleanor
Edward was born at the Palace of Westminster on the evening of 17 June 1239 .[3] He was an older brother of Beatrice of England , Margaret of England and Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster . He was named after Edward the Confessor . [4] From 1239 to 1246 Edward was in the care of Hugh Giffard (the son of Godfrey Giffard ) and his wife, Sybil, who had been one of the midwives at Edward's birth. On Giffard's death in 1246, Bartholomew Pecche took over. Early grants of land to Edward included Gascony , but Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester had been appointed by Henry to seven years as royal lieutenant in Gascony in 1248, a year before the grant to Edward, so in practice Edward derived neither authority nor revenue from the province.
Edward's first marriage (age 15) was arranged in 1254 by his father and Alfonso X of Castile . Alfonso had insisted that Edward receive grants of land worth 15,000 marks a year and also asked to knight him; Henry had already planned a knighthood ceremony for Edward but conceded. Edward crossed the Channel in June, and was knighted by Alfonso and married to Eleanor of Castile (age 13) on 1 November 1254 in the monastery of Las Huelgas .
Eleanor and Edward would go on to have sixteen children, and her death in 1290 affected Edward deeply. He displayed his grief by erecting the Eleanor crosses , one at each place where her funeral cortège stopped for the night. His second marriage, (age 60) at Canterbury on September 10 , 1299 , to Marguerite of France , (age 17) (known as the "Pearl of France" by her English subjects), the daughter of King Philip III of France (Phillip the Bold) and Maria of Brabant , produced three children...
Welsh Wars
Edward I depicted in Cassell's History of England (1902 )
One of King Edward's early moves was the conquest of Wales . Under the 1267 Treaty of Montgomery , Llywelyn ap Gruffydd had extended Welsh territories southwards into what had been the lands of the English Marcher Lords , and gained the title of Prince of Wales although he still owed homage to the English monarch as overlord. King Edward refused to recognize this Treaty - which had been concluded by his father - and in 1275, pirates in King Edward's pay intercepted a ship carrying Eleanor de Montfort , Simon de Montfort's only daughter, from France to Wales , where she expected to marry Llywelyn. Edward then imprisoned her at Windsor . After Llywelyn repeatedly refused to pay homage to Edward in 1274-1275, Edward raised an army and launched his first campaign against the Welsh prince in 1276-1277. After this campaign, Llywelyn was forced to pay homage to Edward and was stripped of all but a rump of territory in Gwynedd . But Edward allowed Llywelyn to retain the title of Prince of Wales , and the marriage with Eleanor de Montfort went ahead.
Llywelyn's younger brother, Dafydd (who had briefly been an ally of the English) started another rebellion in 1282. But Edward quickly destroyed the remnants of resistance, capturing, brutally torturing, and executing Dafydd in the following year. To consolidate his conquest, he commenced the construction of a string of massive stone castles encircling the principality, of which Caernarfon Castle provides a notable surviving example.
Wales became incorporated into England under the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284, and in 1301, Edward dubbed his eldest son Edward first Prince of Wales , since which time the eldest son of most English monarchs have borne the same title, the only exception being Edward III .
Scottish Wars
Hommage of Edward I (kneeling), to the Philippe le Bel (seated). As Duke of Aquitaine , Edward was a vassal to the French king.
Edward then turned his attentions to Scotland. He had planned to marry off his son and heir Edward , to the heiress Margaret, the Maid of Norway , but when Margaret died with no clear successor, the Scottish Guardians invited Edward's arbitration, to prevent the country from descending into dynastic war. Before the process got underway Edward insisted that he be recognized as Lord Paramount of Scotland, the feudal superior of the realm and, after some initial resistance, this precondition was finally accepted.
Edward presided over a feudal court held at the castle of Berwick-upon-Tweed in November 1292, where judgment was given in favour of John Balliol over other candidates . Balliol was chosen as the candidate with the strongest claim in feudal law, but Edward subsequently used the concessions he had gained to undermine the authority of the new king even summoning Balliol to do homage to him in Westminster in 1293. Edward also made it clear he expected John's military and financial support against France. This was too much for Balliol, who concluded a pact with France and prepared an army to invade England.
In response Edward gathered his largest army yet (25,000) and razed Berwick , massacring almost the whole population of 11,000 inhabitants. During the Scottish campaign, he made extensive use of a large trebuchet called the Warwolf .
After Berwick, he proceeded to Dunbar and Edinburgh , also removing the Stone of Destiny from Perth to Westminster Abbey. Balliol renounced the crown and was imprisoned in the Tower of London for three years before withdrawing to his estates in France. All freeholders in Scotland were required to swear an oath of homage to Edward, and he ruled Scotland like a province through English viceroys .
Opposition sprang up (see Wars of Scottish Independence ), and Edward executed the focus of discontent, William Wallace , on 23 August 1305 , having earlier defeated him at the Battle of Falkirk (1298) .
Edward was known to be fond of falconry and horse riding . The names of his horses have survived: Lyard, his war horse; Ferrault his hunting horse; and his favourite, Bayard. At the Siege of Berwick, Edward is said to have led the assault personally, using Bayard to leap over the earthen defences of the city.
Later career and death
Edward's later life was fraught with difficulty, as he lost his beloved first wife Eleanor and his heir failed to develop the expected kingly character.
Edward's plan to conquer Scotland never came to fruition during his lifetime, however, as he died in 1307 at Burgh-by-Sands , Cumberland on the Scottish border, while on his way to wage another campaign against the Scots under the leadership of Robert the Bruce . According to chroniclers, Edward desired to have his bones carried on Scottish military campaigns, and that his heart be taken to the Holy Land. Against his wishes, Edward was buried in Westminster Abbey in a plain black marble tomb, which in later years was painted with the words Scottorum malleus, Latin for Hammer of the Scots.[7] He was buried in a lead casket wishing to be moved to the usual regal gold casket only when Scotland was fully conquered and part of the Kingdom of England.
On 2 January 1774 , the Society of Antiquaries opened the coffin and discovered that his body had been perfectly preserved for 467 years. His body was measured to be 6 feet 2 inches (188 cm).[8]
To this day he still lies in the lead casket - although the thrones of Scotland and England were united in 1603 following the death of Elizabeth I and the accession of James VI of Scotland to the English throne, and the Kingdom of Great Britain was created in 1707 by the Acts of Union 1707 , uniting Scotland and England in an incorporating union, the conquest Edward envisaged was never completed. His son, King Edward II of England , succeeded him...
Issue
Children of Edward and Eleanor:
Eleanor , born ca. 17 June 1264 (or possibly as late as 1269, although the issue rolls of 1302 describe her as Edward's eldest daughter) and died 12 October 1298 . She was long betrothed to Alfonso III of Aragon , who died in 1291 before the marriage could take place, and on 20 September 1293 she married Count Henry III of Bar .
Joan, born Summer 1265, either in Paris, or perhaps at Abbeville, Ponthieu. She died in France but was buried at Westminster Abbey before September 7 , 1265 .
John, born at either Windsor or Kenilworth Castle June or July 10 , 1266 , died August 1 or 1271 at Wallingford , in the custody of his granduncle, Richard, Earl of Cornwall . Buried at Westminster Abbey .
Henry , born on July 13 1267/8 at Windsor Castle, died October 14 , 1274 either at Merton, Surrey, or at Guildford Castle.
Alice, born at Woodstock Palace, Oxon, but the date of her birth is unknown. May have died at the age of twelve. Sometimes identified with the child, Isabella, born in March 1279 , but this cannot be correct, as that infant's funeral took place during the same year.
Juliana (also known as Katherine) born at Acre, Palestine, in 1271, and died there on 28 May or 5 September 1271
Joan of Acre . Born at Acre in Spring 1272 and died at her manor of Clare, Suffolk on April 23 , 1307 and was buried in the priory church of the Austin friars, Clare, Suffolk. She married (1) Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford , (2) Ralph de Monthermer, 1st Baron Monthermer .
Alphonso, Earl of Chester , born either at Bayonne, at Bordeaux, Gascony or at Maine 24 November 1273 , died 14 or 19 August 1284 , at Windsor Castle, buried in Westminster Abbey .
Margaret , born September 11 , 1275 at Windsor Castle and died in 1318, being buried in the Collegiate Church of St. Gudule, Brussels. She married John II of Brabant .
Berengaria (also known as Berenice), born 1 May 1276 at Kempton Palace, Surrey and died on June 27 , 1278 , buried in Westminster Abbey .
Mary, born 11 March or 22 April 1278 at Windsor Castle and died 8 July 1332 , a nun in Amesbury , Wiltshire , England.
Isabella, born on 12 March 1279 , either at Woodstock Palace, Oxon, at Windsor Castle or at Marlbourgh Castle Wiltshire, she died in 1279, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
Elizabeth of Rhuddlan , born August 1282 at Rhuddlan Castle, Flintshire, Wales, died c.5 May 1316 at Quendon, Essex, in childbirth, and was buried in Walden Abbey, Essex. She married (1) John I, Count of Holland , (2) Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford & 3rd Earl of Essex .
Edward II of England , also known as Edward of Caernarvon , born 25 April 1284 at Caernarvon Castle, Wales, murdered 21 September 1327 at Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire, buried in Gloucester Cathedral. He married Isabella of France .
Beatrice born after 12 August 1286 either in Gascony or in Aquitaine. She died young.
Blanche born in 1289/90 and died young.
Children of Edward and Marguerite:
Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk born 1 June 1300 at Brotherton, Yorkshire, died between the 4 August and 20 September 1338, was buried in the abbey of Bury-St.-Edmunds, married (1) Alice Hayles, with issue; (2) Mary Brewes, with issue.
Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent , 5 August 1301 at Woodstock Palace, Oxon, married Margaret Wake, 3rd Baroness Wake of Liddell with issue. Executed by Isabella of France and Roger Mortimer on the 19 March 1330 following the overthrow of Edward II.
Eleanor, born 4 May 1306 at Winchester, died in 1311 at Amesbury Abbey, Wiltshire, buried in Beaulieu Abbey, Hants.
References
Noted events in his life were:
• King of England: 1272-1307.
Edward married Eleanor , of Castile, Countess of Ponthieu 137 138 on 18 Oct 1254 in Monastery of Las Huelgas. Eleanor was born in 1241 in Castile, Spain, died on 28 Nov 1290 in Harby, Nottinghamshire, England at age 49, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, Midlesex, England.
Marriage Notes: Wikipedia has m. 1 Nov 1254. Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 1-27 has m. 18 Oct 1254.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 86 F i. Elizabeth of Rhuddlan, Princess of England 139 140 141 was born on 7 Aug 1282 in Rhuddlan Castle, Rhuddlan, Denbighshire, Wales, died on 5 May 1316 in Quendon, Essex, England at age 33, and was buried in Waltham Abbey, Essex, England.
+ 87 F ii. Eleanor of England was born on 18 Jun 1269, died on 29 Aug 1298 at age 29, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, Midlesex, England.
+ 88 F iii. Joan of Acre 142 143 was born in 1272 in Acre, Syria and died on 23 Apr 1307 at age 35.
+ 89 F iv. Margaret Plantagenet was born on 15 Mar 1275 and died in 1318 at age 43.
+ 90 M v. KingEdward II of England 144 145 was born on 25 Apr 1284 in Caernarfon Castle, Caernarfonshire, Gwynedd, Wales, died on 21 Sep 1327 in <Berkeley Castle, > near Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England at age 43, and was buried in Gloucester Cathedral, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England.
Edward next married Marguerite , of France 146 on 8 Sep 1299 in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England. Marguerite was born about 1275 and died from 14 Feb 1317 to 1318 in Marlborough Castle, Marlborough, Wiltshire, England about age 42.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 91 M i. Thomas of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk was born on 1 Jun 1300 and died in 1338 at age 38.
56. Margaret of England 98 (King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 29 Sep 1240 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England, died on 26 Feb 1275 in Cupar Castle at age 34, and was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Margaret of England :
Margaret of England (29 September 1240 - 26 February 1275) was a medieval English princess who became Queen of Scots . A daughter of the Plantagenet king Henry III of England and his queen, Eleanor of Provence , she was Queen consort to Alexander III "the Glorious" , King of the Scots .
She was the second child of Henry III of England and his wife, Eleanor of Provence , and was born at Windsor Castle .
Margaret was married on 26 December 1251, at York Minster , to King Alexander III of Scotland , with whom she had three children:
Children
Death & Burial
She died 26 February 1275, at Cupar Castle, and was buried at Dunfermline Abbey , Fife .
57. Beatrice of England 99 (King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 25 Jun 1242 in Bordeaux, France and died on 24 Mar 1275 in London, Middlesex, England at age 32.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Beatrice of England :
"Beatrice of England", also known as "Beatrice de Dreux" (born 25 June 1242-1275) Born in Bordeaux, France. She was the second daughter of King Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence , and sister of Edward I of England , Margaret, Queen of Scotland , Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster , Richard of England, John of England, Katherine of England, William of England, and Henry of England. She and her family were members of the Royal house of Plantagenet , which first ruled in the 12th century and was founded by Henry II of England .
Tragedy plagued Beatrice's childhood. Her oldest brother Edward became deathly ill when she was very young. Though he recovered, Beatrice's younger siblings Richard, Henry, William, Katharine, and John died at very young ages, leaving Beatrice's parents grief-stricken. Eleanor was especially upset about the death of her youngest daughter Katharine, who possibly had a degenerative disease that had caused her to become deaf and eventually die at the age of three.
Beatrice's childhood was also marred by the stresses of her father's reign. The English were unhappy with King Henry III owing to the influence that Eleanor and her Savoyard kinsmen exercised on the monarchy, and the Barons demanded more power. In 1263, Eleanor was sailing on a barge that was attacked by London citizens. This harsh, bitter, dislike created several problems for Henry III and his family. On the other hand, Eleanor and Henry enjoyed a happy marriage, and Beatrice grew up in a loving environment, close to her siblings.
Adult life
At one point, Henry conducted negotiations for Beatrice to marry the king of France and also rejected a proposal that she should wed the son of the King of Norway. When she was eighteen she married John II, Duke of Brittany . Beatrice later changed her name to Beatrice de Dreux, and she and John II had seven children:
Arthur II, Duke of Brittany
John de Bretagne, 1st Earl of Richmond
Marie de Dreux , wife of Guy III of Châtillon (1268-1339)
Pierre, Viscount de Leon (1269-1312)
Blanche de Dreux , wife of Philip of Artois (1271-1327)
Eleonore, Abbess of Fontevrault (1274-1329)
Death
Beatrice died on 24 March 1275 in London , England . Her death was once said to have occurred in childbirth, but the dates do not bear out this theory, which has been disproved in several articles. John II honored his wife with a chantry , an institutional chapel on private land or within a greater church, which was to be finished when he died, so that he and Beatrice would be together again. Beatrice was buried at Grey Friars Church in Greenwich , London.
58. Katharine (King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1253 and died in 1257 at age 4.
59. Elinor de Montfort (Eleanor34, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1252 and died in 1282 about age 30.
Research Notes: Source: Welsh Settlement of Pennsylvania by Charles H. Browning, Philadelphia, 1912.
Source: Collections Historical & Archaeological Relating to Montgomeryshire, and its Borders, Vol. XIII, Issued by the Powys-Land Club for the Use of Its Members, London, 1880, p. 122 has "Eleanor, dau. to Simon Mountford, Earl of Leicester."
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, line 260-31, has "b. abt. Michaelmas 1252, d. 1282; m. 13 Oct. 1278, Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, son of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, d. 1 Mar. 1244, the son of LLYWELYN AP IORWERTH (176B-27), by Senena, perh. of Man."
Elinor married Llywelyn II , Prince of North Wales on 13 Oct 1278 in Worcester Cathedral, Worcester, Worcestershire, England. Llywelyn was born about 29 Sep 1252 and died on 11 Dec 1282 in Brecon, (Breconshire), Powys, (Wales) about age 30.
Marriage Notes: From: A History of Wales by John Davies, London, 2007, p. 153: "[By] 1280, Edward [I] was firmly in control of his Welsh territories, which were far more extensive than those of any previous occupant of the throne of England. Llywelyn's behaviour toward the king was punctiliously correct; he made homage to Edward in December 1277; he married Elinor in the king's presence at Worcester Cathedral in October 1278; he propmptly paid the sums due from him under the Treaty of Aberconwy and in his letters he fully acknowledged Edward's suzerainty."
Noted events in their marriage were:
• Marriage by Proxy: to Llywelyn II, 1275. From: A History of Wales by John Davies, London, 2007, pp. 130-150: "After Dafydd's defection [in 1274], and possibly as a reaction to it, a plan, perhaps originally aired in 1265, was resurrected--marriage between Llywelyn and Elinor, a daughter of Simon de Montfort. Elinor's lineage was highly distinguished; among her uncles were a king of England, a king of France and a Holy Roman Emperor. Nevertheless, by 1275, when a proxy marriage took place, there was no political advantage to the union, for the opposition movement which her father had led was moribund. The king of England took the view that the marriage was a plot to rekindle dissension within his kingdom, and such a notion may also have been present in Llywelyn's mind. Elinor sailed from France to Wales in 1275, but the seizure of her ship led to her imprisonment at Windsor [where she was to remain until her release after Llywelyn paid homage to Edward I in December 1277]."
Death Notes: Slain by Adam Fauclon
Noted events in his life were:
• Marriage by Proxy: to Eleanor de Montfort.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 92 F i. Catherine verch Llewellyn Gryffyth
+ 93 F ii. Gwenllian ferch Llewelyn ap Gruffudd
60. Elen ferch Llywelyn Fawr 100 101 (Joan , Princess of Gwynedd35, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1207 and died in 1253 about age 46.
Research Notes: If Robert II de Quincy was the husband of Hawise of Chester, Elen was his second wife. Magna Charta Barons lists only Elen and has her as the mother of his 3 daughters. Magna Charta Barons is not a reliable source.
From Wikipedia - Elen ferch Llywelyn :
Elen ferch Llywelyn (c. 1206 - 1253) was the daughter of Llywelyn the Great of Gwynedd in north Wales .
The records of Llywelyn's family are confusing, and it is not certain which of his children were illegitimate, but Elen appears to have been his legitimate daughter by Joan , illegitimate daughter of King John of England .
Elen married John de Scotia, Earl of Chester , in about 1222. He died aged thirty in 1237, and she re-married, her second husband being Sir Robert de Quincy . Their daughter, Hawise , was married to Baldwin Wake , Lord Wake of Lidel. Hawise and Baldwin's granddaughter, Margaret Wake , was the mother of Joan of Kent , later Princess of Wales. Thus the blood of Llywelyn Fawr passed into the English royal family through King Richard II .
There is also a record of a "Helen" daughter of "Llywelyn of Wales" who married Mormaer Maol Choluim II, Earl of Fife and later married Domhnall I, Earl of Mar . The dates appear to rule out this being Elen, since Maol Chaluim II did not die until 1266 while Elen's death is recorded in 1253. Some genealogists propose the existence of another Elen, an illegitimate daughter born towards the end of Llywelyn's life, but there is no clear evidence for this. Another possibility is that this Helen might have been an illegitimate daughter of Llywelyn the Last born when he was a young man, but there is also no evidence of the theory being true. More likely this lady was Susannah ferch Llywelyn ab Iorwerth , who was sent to England in 1228 and married the earl of Fife in the summer of 1237.[1]
Elen married Robert II de Quincy 109 110 after 1237. Robert died in 1257 in <Palestine>.
Noted events in his life were:
61. Dafydd ap Llywelyn (Joan , Princess of Gwynedd35, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1208 and died in 1246 about age 38.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Llywelyn the Great
62. Gwladys "Ddu" verch Llewellyn 102 103 (Joan , Princess of Gwynedd35, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1206 in Caernarvonshire, Wales and died in 1251 in Windsor, Berkshire, England about age 45.
Research Notes: Widow of Reynold de Braose
From Wikipedia - Llywelyn the Great :
Another daughter, Gwladus Ddu (c.1206-1251), was probably legitimate. Adam of Usk states that she was a legitimate daughter by Joan, although some sources claim that her mother was Llywelyn's mistress, Tangwystl Goch.[64] She first married Reginald de Braose of Brecon and Abergavenny, but had no children by him. After Reginald's death she married Ralph de Mortimer of Wigmore and had several sons.
Gwladys married Reynold de Braose 12 147 before 1221 in Wales. Reynold was born about 1178 in <Bramber, Sussex>, England, died on 9 Jun 1228 in Brecon, Breconshire, Wales about age 50, and was buried in Priory Church, Brecon, Breconshire, Wales.
Gwladys next married Ralph de Mortimer, Lord Mortimer of Wigmore 102 148 in 1230. Ralph was born about 1190 in <Wigmore, Herefordshire>, England, died on 6 Aug 1246 in Wigmore, Herefordshire, England about age 56, and was buried in Wigmore, Herefordshire, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 94 M i. Roger de Mortimer, of Wigmore, 1st Baron Mortimer 102 149 150 was born about 1231 in Cwmaron Castle, Radnorshire, Wales and died on 27 Oct 1282 in Kingsland, Herefordshire, England about age 51.
63. Ela Longspee 43 106 (William II Longspée36, William Longspée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury20, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1226 in England and died on 22 Nov 1299 about age 73.
Research Notes: Great-great granddaughter of Henry II.
Ela married James de Aldithley 106 in 1244 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. James was born about 1225 in Audley, Staffordshire, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 95 M i. Hugh I de Audley 43 106 was born about 1250 in Audley, Staffordshire, England and died about 1336 about age 86.
64. Roger La Zouche 12 44 107 (Alan La Zouche37, Geoffrey I de Porhoët21, Constance , Princess of Bretagne12, Maud , Princess of England6, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1182 in <Ashby, Leicestershire>, England and died before 14 May 1238.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Baron Zouche :
Baron Zouche is a title that has thrice been created in the Peerage of England . The de la Zouche family descended from Alan la Zouche, 1st Baron la Zouche of Ashby , sometimes called Alan de Porhoët and Alan la Coche (c. 1136-1190), a Breton who settled in England during the reign of Henry II . He was the son of Vicomte Geoffrey I de Porhoët and Hawisa of Brittany. He married Adeline (Alice) de Belmeis, daughter of Phillip de Belmeis and Maud la Meschine and died at North Melton in Devon . He obtained Ashby in Leicestershire (called after him Ashby-de-la-Zouch ) by his marriage. His son was Roger la Zouche (c. 1175- bef. 14 May 1238).
Noted events in his life were:
• Heir: to brother William de Belmeis, 1199.
• Sheriff of Devonshire: 1228-1231.
• Witnessed a charter: to Henry III's confirmation of the Magna Charta.
Roger married Margaret 12 about 1204. Margaret was born about 1179 in <England> and died after 28 Jan 1232.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 96 F i. Loretta La Zouche
+ 97 M ii. Sir Alan La Zouche 12 151 152 was born about 1203 in <Ashby-de-la-Zouche, Leicestershire>, England and died on 10 Aug 1270 in England about age 67.
65. Nichole d' Aubigny (Mabel , of Chester38, Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1)
Nichole married Roger de Somery, of Dudley, Warwickshire.153 Roger died on 26 Aug 1273.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 98 F i. Joan de Somery died in 1282.
66. Isabel d'Aubigny (Mabel , of Chester38, Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1)
Isabel married John FitzAlan, Lord of Clun and Oswestry, Salop.154 155 John was born in 1200 and died in 1240 at age 40.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 99 M i. John FitzAlan, Lord of Clun and Oswestry 156 157 was born in 1223 and died on 10 Nov 1267 at age 44.
67. Margaret de Quincy 110 111 (Hawise , of Chester, Countess of Lincoln40, Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1209 and died in Mar 1266 in Hempstead Marshall, England about age 57.
Research Notes: Second wife of John de Lacie.
Ancestral Roots, line 54-29 states, "(sole surv. dau. of Hawise, yngst sis. and eventual coh. of Ranulf III, Earl of Cheater and Lincoln)... It is doubtful that she ever m. (3) Richard of Wiltshire, attributed to her in some sources.)
From Magna Charta Barons, p. 102:
"John de Lacie, Earl of Lincoln... m. secondly, after his marked gallantry at the siege of Damietta, Margaret, the only daughter and heiress of Robert de Quincey, a fellow-crusader, who died in the Holy Land, eldest son of Saier de Quincey, Earl of Winchester, one of the twenty-five Sureties for the Magna Charta. Her mother was Hawqyse, a sister and coheiress of Ranulph de Meschines, fourth Earl of Chester and Lincoln, and daughter of Hugh, third Earl of Chester. Earl Ranulph, by a formal charter, granted the earldom of Lincoln to said Hawyse, so that she could be a countess and that her heirs might enjoy the earldom, which grant was confirmed by the king, and at the especial request of the Countess of Lincoln, John de Lacie, her son-in-law, was created Earl of Lincoln, in 1232. John, Earl of Lincoln, had by Lady Margaret, who survived him, and m. secondly, William Marshall, Earl of Pembroke: Edmund de Lacie..."
Margaret married John de Lacy, 1st Earl of Lincoln 158 159 160 before 21 Jun 1221. John was born in 1192 in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England, died on 22 Jul 1240 at age 48, and was buried in Stanlaw Abbey, Chester, England.
Noted events in his life were:
• 7th Baron of Halton Castle:
• Hereditary Constable of Chester:
• Magna Charta Surety: 1215.
• Created: 1st Earl of Lincoln of the fifth creation, 23 Nov 1232. Succeeded Ranulph de Blondeville, who was the uncle of Margaret de Lacy through her mother Hawise.
• Governor of Chester and Beeston castles: 1240.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 100 F i. Maud de Lacy, Countess of Lincoln 161 162 163 was born on 25 Jan 1223 and died before 10 Mar 1289.
+ 101 M ii. Edmund de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln died in 1257.
Margaret next married Walter Marshall, Earl of Pembroke. Walter died in 1245.
68. Sir William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby 113 114 115 (Agnes , of Chester, Lady of Chartley41, Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1193 in <Derbyshire>, England, died on 28 Mar 1254 in Evington, Leicestershire, England about age 61, and was buried on 31 Mar 1254 in Merevale Abbey, Merevale, Warwickshire, England.
Birth Notes: FamilySearch has b. abt 1200
Death Notes: FamilySearch has d. 24 Mar 1254
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby :
William III de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby (1193 - 28 March 1254), was an English nobleman and head of a family which controlled a large part of Derbyshire including an area known as Duffield Frith .
He was born in Derbyshire , England, the son of William de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby and Agnes of Chester , a daughter of Hugh of Kevelioc , Earl of Chester and Bertrada de Montfort. He succeeded to the title in 1247, on the death of his father and, after doing homage to King Henry III , he had livery of Chartley Castle and other lands of his mother's inheritance. He had accompanied King Henry to France in 1230 and sat in parliament in London in the same year.
He had many favours granted to him by the king, among them the right of free warren in Beaurepair (Belper ), Makeney , Winleigh (Windley ), Holbrooke , Siward (Southwood near Coxbench), Heyhegh (Heage ) Cortelegh (Corkley, in the parish of Muggington ), Ravensdale , Holland (Hulland ), and many other places,[1]
Like his father, he suffered from gout from youth, and always traveled in a litter. He was accidentally thrown from his litter into water, while crossing a bridge, at St Neots , in Huntingdon and although he escaped immediate death, yet he never recovered from the effects of the accident. He died on 28 March 1254, after only seven years, and was succeeded by his son Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby .
Earl William Ferrers' effigy in Merevale Abbey
William de Ferrers is buried at Merevere Abbey , Warwickshire , England. His widow died on 12 March 1280.
Family and Children
William Ferrers married Sibyl Marshal , one of the daughters and co-heirs of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke . They had seven daughters:
Agnes Ferrers (died 11 May 1290), married William de Vesci.
Isabel Ferrers (died before 26 November 1260), married (1) Gilbert Basset, of Wycombe, and (2) Reginald de Mohun
Maud Ferrers (died 12 March 1298), married (1) Simon de Kyme, and (2) William de Vivonia, and (3) Amaury IX of Rochechouart.
Sibyl Ferrers, married Sir Francis or Franco de Bohun, an ancestor of Daniel Boone. (it is her aunt Sibyl, sister of William, who married John de Vipont , Lord of Appleby)
Joan Ferrers (died 1267), married to:
John de Mohun;
Robert Aguillon
Agatha Ferrers (died May 1306), married Hugh Mortimer, of Chelmarsh .
Eleanor Ferrers (died 16 October 1274), married to:
William de Vaux;
Roger de Quincy, Earl of Winchester ;
Roger de Leybourne, but had no issue
In 1238, he married Margaret de Quincy (born 1218), daughter of Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester and Helen of Galloway . Bizarrely, Margaret was both the stepmother and stepdaughter of William's daughter, Eleanor. The earl and Margaret had the following children:
Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby , his successor. He married:
Mary de Lusignan, daughter of Hugh XI of Lusignan , Count of Angoulême , and niece of King Henry III , by whom he had no issue;
Alianore de Bohun, daughter of Humphrey VI de Bohun , per Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis, Lines 57-30 & 68-29.
William Ferrers obtained, by gift of Margaret, his mother, the manor of Groby in Leicestershire , assuming the arms of the family of De Quincy. He married:
Anne Durward , daughter of Alan Durward [2]; their son was William de Ferrers, 1st Baron Ferrers of Groby .
Eleanor, daughter of Matthew Lovaine.
Joan Ferrers (died 19 March 1309) married Thomas de Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley .
Agnes Ferrers married Sir Robert de Muscegros (aka Robert de Musgrove ), Lord of Kemerton , Boddington & Deerhurst .
Elizabeth Ferrers , married to:
William Marshal , 2nd Baron Marshal;
Prince Dafydd ap Gruffydd
William married Margaret de Quincy 115 164 165 about 1238. Margaret was born in 1218 in <Winchester>, Hampshire, England and died on 12 Mar 1280 at age 62.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 102 F i. Agnes de Ferrers 166 died after 9 May 1281.
+ 103 M ii. Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby 167 was born in 1239 and died in 1279 at age 40.
+ 104 F iii. Joan de Ferrers 115 165 was born about 1248 in Derbyshire, England, died on 19 Mar 1309 in Berkeley Castle, Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England about age 61, and was buried in St. Augustine's, Bristol, Gloucestershire, England.
William next married Sibyl Marshal 165 168 by 14 may 1219 in <Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales>. Sibyl was born in 1209 in Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales, was christened in 1209 in St. David's, Pembrokeshire, Wales, and died on 27 Apr 1245 at age 36.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 105 F i. Joan de Ferrers 165 was born about 1232 in Derbyshire, England and died in Oct 1267 about age 35.
+ 106 F ii. Matilda de Ferrers 113 was born about 1228 in Derbyshire, England and died on 12 Mar 1299 about age 71.
69. Bertred Mainwaring 43 116 (Amice , of Chester42, Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1196 in England and died after 1249.
Bertred married Henry de Aldithley 43 116 in 1218 in Edgmond, Cheshire, England. Henry was born about 1175 in <Heleigh, Staffordshire>, England and died before 19 Nov 1246 in Mainwaring, Bersted, Sussex, England.
Noted events in his life were:
• Lord of the Welsh Marches:
• Governor of Carmarthen Castle:
• Governor of Cardigan Castle:
• Sheriff of Salop and Staffordshire: 1216-1221.
• Constable of Shrewsbury Castle and Bridgnorth Castle:
• Governor of Shrewsbury, Chester Castle and Beeston Castle:
• Governor of Newcastle-under-Lyne:
70. William de Percy, 6th Baron Percy 117 118 (Isabel Brus44, Joanna de Meschines24, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1193 in <Alnwick>, Northumberland, England, died before 28 Jul 1245, and was buried in Salley Abbey, Craven, Yorkshire, England.
William married Joan de Briwere 15 about 1223 in Warwick, Warwickshire, England. Joan was born about 1197 in <Stoke, Devonshire>, England, died before 12 Jun 1233, and was buried in Hospital, Sandown, Surrey, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 107 F i. Anastasia Percy 117 was born about 1216 in <Alnwick>, Northumberland, England.
71. Sir Richard de Clare, 8th Earl of Clare 79 121 122 (Sir Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Clare, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester46, Amice FitzWilliam, Countess of Gloucester25, William, 2nd Earl of Gloucester14, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 4 Aug 1222, died on 15 Jul 1262 in Asbenfield, Waltham near Canterbury, England at age 39, and was buried in Tewkesbury Abbey, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England.
Research Notes: From Magna Charta Barons, pp. 83-84:
Richard de Clare, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester [was] in his minority at the death of his father, and his wardship was granted to the celebrated Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent, Justiciary of England, whose daughter Margaret, to the great displeasure of King Henry III., he afterwards clandestinely married, but from whom he was probably divorced, as the king married him the next year to Maud, daughter of John de Lacie, Earl of Lincoln, in consideration whereof the Earl of Lincoln paid to the crown five thousand marks and remitted a debt of two thousand more. This Richard de Clare was a very distinguished personage in the reign of Henry III., and was one of the noblemen present in Westminster Hall, 40 Henry III., when Boniface, Archbishop of Canterbury, pronounced a solemn curse from the altar against all those who should thenceforth violate the Magna Charta.
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From Wikipedia - Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford :
Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford (August 4 , 1222 - July 15 , 1262 ) was son of Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford and Isabel Marshall , daughter of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabel de Clare, the 17-year-old daughter of Strongbow .
A year after he became of age, he was in an expedition against the Welsh . Through his mother he inherited a fifth part of the Marshall estates, including Kilkenny and other lordships in Ireland . In 1232 Richard was secretly married to Margaret (Megotta) de Burgh, daughter of Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent and Margaret of Scotland . Both bride and groom were aged about ten. Megotta died in November 1237. Before she had even died, the earl of Lincoln offered 5,000 marks to King Henry to secure Richard for his own daughter. This offer was accepted, and Richard was married secondly, on or before 25 January 1238, to Maud de Lacy , daughter of the Surety John de Lacy and Margaret Quincy .
He joined in the Barons' letter to the Pope in 1246 against the exactions of the Curia in England. He was among those in opposition to the King's half-brothers, who in 1247 visited England , where they were very unpopular, but afterwards he was reconciled to them.
On April 1248, he had letters of protection for going over seas on a pilgrimage . At Christmas 1248, he kept his Court with great splendor on the Welsh border. In the next year he went on a pilgrimage to St. Edmund at Pontigny , returning in June. In 1252 he observed Easter at Tewkesbury , and then went across the seas to restore the honor of his brother William, who had been badly worsted in a tournament and had lost all his arms and horses. The Earl is said to have succeeded in recovering all, and to have returned home with great credit, and in September he was present at the Round Table tournament at Walden.
In August 1252/3 the King crossed over to Gascony with his army, and to his great indignation the Earl refused to accompany him and went to Ireland instead. In August 1255 he and John Maunsel were sent to Edinburgh by the King to find out the truth regarding reports which had reached the King that his son-in-law, Alexander , King of Scotland , was being coerced by Robert de Roos and John Baliol . If possible, they were to bring the young King and Queen to him. The Earl and his companion, pretending to be the two of Roos's knights, obtained entry to Edinburgh Castle , and gradually introduced their attendants, so that they had a force sufficient for their defense. They gained access to the Scottish Queen, who made her complaints to them that she and her husband had been kept apart. They threatened Roos with dire punishments, so that he promised to go to the King.
Meanwhile the Scottish magnates, indignant at their castle of Edinburgh's being in English hands, proposed to besiege it, but they desisted when they found they would be besieging their King and Queen. The King of Scotland apparently traveled South with the Earl, for on 24 September they were with King Henry III at Newminster, Northumberland . In July 1258 he fell ill, being poisoned with his brother William, as it was supposed, by his steward, Walter de Scotenay. He recovered but his brother died.
Richard died at John de Griol's manor of Asbenfield in Waltham, near Canterbury , 15 July 1262 , it being rumored that he had been poisoned at the table of Piers of Savoy . On the following Monday he was carried to Canterbury where a mass for the dead was sung, after which his body was taken to the canon's church at Tonbridge and interred in the choir. Thence it was taken to Tewkesbury Abbey and buried 28 July 1262, with great solemnity in the presence of two bishops and eight abbots in the presbytery at his father's right hand. Richard's own arms were: Or, three chevronels gules.
Noted events in his life were:
• 6th Earl of Hertford:
• 2nd Earl of Gloucester:
Richard married Maud de Lacy, Countess of Lincoln 161 162 163 on 25 Jan 1238. Maud was born on 25 Jan 1223 and died before 10 Mar 1289.
Marriage Notes: http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f002/f48/a0024834.htm has m. 2 Feb 1238
Children from this marriage were:
+ 108 M i. Thomas de Clare, Lord of Inchiquin and Yougal 169 170 was born about 1245 and died on 29 Aug 1287 about age 42.
+ 109 M ii. Sir Gilbert de Clare, 9th Earl of Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford 165 171 172 was born on 2 Sep 1243 in Christchurch, Hampshire (Dorset), England, died on 7 Dec 1295 in Monmouth Castle, Monmouthshire, Wales at age 52, and was buried on 22 Dec 1295 in Tewkesbury Abbey, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England.
72. Agnes de Clare 80 (Sir Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Clare, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester46, Amice FitzWilliam, Countess of Gloucester25, William, 2nd Earl of Gloucester14, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1218.
73. Amice de Clare 80 (Sir Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Clare, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester46, Amice FitzWilliam, Countess of Gloucester25, William, 2nd Earl of Gloucester14, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1220 and died in 1287 at age 67.
74. Isabel de Clare 80 (Sir Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Clare, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester46, Amice FitzWilliam, Countess of Gloucester25, William, 2nd Earl of Gloucester14, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 2 Nov 1226 and died on 10 Jul 1264 at age 37.
Research Notes: Mother of Robert the Bruce (Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale).
From Wikipedia - Isabella of Gloucester and Hertford :
Isabella of Gloucester and Hertford (2 November 1226- 10 July 1264), was the daughter of Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford and 1st Earl of Gloucester and Isabel Marshal . She is also known as Isabel de Clare...
Family
Isabella's maternal grandparents were William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke and his wife Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke . Isabella's paternal grandparents were Richard de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford and Amice FitzRobert . [1]
Isabella was the four of six children, her brother was Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford . Her sister, Amice de Clare married Baldwin de Redvers, 6th Earl of Devon and was mother of Baldwin de Redvers, 7th Earl of Devon and Isabella de Fortibus, Countess of Devon .
Marriage
Isabella married on 12 May 1240 [2] to Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale , Isabella brought to him, the village of Ripe, in Sussex . Her husband was a candidate to become King of Scotland , after the death of the young Margaret, Maid of Norway . Her husband did not however succeed, Robert's rival, John Balliol was elected King of Scotland in 1292. [3]
Robert and Isabella had at least three children:
1. Isabella Bruce (b. 1249 - c1284), married (as his first wife) Sir John FitzMarmaduke, Knt., of Horden, Eighton, Lamesley, Ravensholm, and Silksworth, county Durham, Sheriff of North Durham, and Joint Warden beyond the Scottish Sea between the Forth and Orkney . He fought on the English side at the Battle of Falkirk , July 22 , 1298 , and was present at the Siege of Caerlaverock Castle in 1300. In 1307 he was commanded to assist the Earl of Richmond in expelling Robert de Brus and the Scottish rebels from Galloway . In 1309 his armour and provisions in a vessel bound for Perth were arrested off Great Yarmouth . He was governor of St. John's Town (Perth) in 1310 until his death. Isabel was buried at Easington , county Durham.[4]
2. Robert VI the Bruce, Earl of Carrick (1253 - 1304)
3. Constance Bruce (b. 1251), married Sir William Scot de Calverley and had daughter, Clarissa Scott (m. Sir John Fairfax)
John Balliol's time as King of Scotland did not last long, he died in 1314. Isabella's grandson, Robert the Bruce became King of Scotland . Isabella did not however get to see this day, she died in 1264, aged thirty seven. Her husband married a second time, to Christina de Ireby , this marriage produced at least one daughter, Christina.
Isabel married Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale 173 174 on 12 May 1240. Robert was born about 1215, died on 31 Mar 1295 about age 80, and was buried in Gisborough Priory, Guisborough, North Yorkshire, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 110 M i. Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale 175 was born in Jul 1243 and died in Mar 1304 at age 60.
75. William de Clare 80 (Sir Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Clare, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester46, Amice FitzWilliam, Countess of Gloucester25, William, 2nd Earl of Gloucester14, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1228 and died in 1258 at age 30.
76. Rhys-Mechyllt of Llandovery Castle (Joan de Clare49, Amice FitzWilliam, Countess of Gloucester25, William, 2nd Earl of Gloucester14, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1)
Rhys-Mechyllt married someone.
+ 111 M i. Rhys-Vaughn Lord of Yestradtywy
77. Helen of Galloway 19 125 (Alan , Lord of Galloway50, Roland , Lord of Galloway26, Uchtred , Lord of Galloway15, Elizabeth , Princess of England8, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1208 in <Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland> and died on 21 Nov 1245 in England about age 37.
Research Notes: First wife of Roger de Quincy.
Helen married Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester.165 176 177 178 Roger was born about 1174 in <Winchester>, Hampshire, England, died on 25 Apr 1264 in England about age 90, and was buried in Brackley, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Noted events in his life were:
• Constable of Scotland:
Children from this marriage were:
+ 112 F i. Margaret de Quincy 115 164 165 was born in 1218 in <Winchester>, Hampshire, England and died on 12 Mar 1280 at age 62.
+ 113 F ii. Elizabeth de Quincey
+ 114 F iii. Helen de Quincy, of Brackley 12 179 was born about 1222 in <Winchester, Hampshire>, England and died Sh. Bef. 20 Aug 1296 in England about age 74.
78. Matilda of Brabant 130 131 (Henry II , Duke of Brabant51, Mathilde , of Flanders27, Marie , of Blois, Countess of Boulogne16, Stephen , of Blois, King of England9, Adela , of Normandy3, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1224 and died on 29 Sep 1288 at age 64.
Birth Notes: Wikipedia (Marie of Hohenstaufen) has b. 1224. Ancestral Roots has b. 1196.
Research Notes: Wikipedia (Henry II, Duke of Brabant)
Matilda married Robert I "the Good" , Count of Artois 92 on 14 Jun 1237. Robert was born in 1216 and died on 8 Feb 1250 at age 34.
(Duplicate Line. See Person 53)
79. Simon de Joinville, Sénéchal of Champagne, Seigneur de Vaucouleurs 133 (Helvis de Dampierre52, Guy I , Vicomte de Troyes28, Isabel de Montlhéry, Viscomtessa de Troyes17, Lithuaise10, Adela , of Normandy3, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) died in May 1233 in Palestine.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 71A-29
Simon married Ermengarde de Moncler, de Walcourt by 1209. Ermengarde died about 1218.
Simon next married Béatrix , d'Auxonne after 1218. Béatrix died on 11 Apr 1260.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 115 M i. Geoffrey de Geneville, Seigneur de Vaucouleurs, Lord of Trim was born about 1226 and died on 21 Oct 1314 in Trim, Meath, Ireland about age 88.
+ 116 M ii. John de Geneville, Sénéschal of Champagne
Eighth Generation 80. Blanche of Artois 134 (Robert I "the Good" , Count of Artois53, Blanche , of Castile29, Eleanor , of England18, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born between 1245 and 1250 and died on 2 May 1302 in Paris, (Île-de-France), France.
Research Notes: Widow of Henry I of Navarre. Second wife of Henry III. Second wife of Edmund "Crouchback."
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 45-30
Wikipedia
Blanche married Henry III , Count of Champagne and Brie, King of Navarre 180 in 1259. Henry died on 22 Jul 1274.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 117 F i. Jeanne of Navarre 181 was born in Jan 1272 and died on 2 Apr 1305 at age 33.
Blanche next married Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester 95 on 29 Oct 1276 in Paris, (Île-de-France), France. Edmund was born on 16 Jan 1245 in London, England, died on 5 Jun 1296 in Bayonne, France at age 51, and was buried on 15 Jul 1296 in Westminster Abbey, London, Midlesex, England.
Marriage Notes: Wikipedia has m. 3 Feb 1276.
Ancestral Roots, line 17-28, has m. bet. 18 Dec. 1275 and 19 Jan 1275/1276
Noted events in his life were:
• Created: Earl of Leicester, 1265.
• Created: Earl of Lancaster, 1267.
(Duplicate Line. See Person 54)
81. Robert II of Artois, Count of Artois (Robert I "the Good" , Count of Artois53, Blanche , of Castile29, Eleanor , of England18, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1)
82. Henry 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester 135 136 (Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester54, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1281 in Grosmont Castle, Monmouthshire, England, died on 25 Mar 1345 in Canons Monastery, England about age 64, and was buried in Newark Abbey, Leicestershire, England.
Death Notes: Ancestral Roots, line 17-29, has d. 22 Sept. 1345, bur. Neward Abbey, co. Leics.
Wikipedia has d. 25 March 1345.
Research Notes: One of the principals behind the deposition of King Edward II.
Some data from Albert Doublass Hart, Jr ("Our Folk" - de Chaworth Family Genealogy). Albert has death date as 22 Sep 1345 in Cannons Monastery, England.
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From Wikipedia - Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster :
Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster (1281 - March 25 , 1345 ) was an English nobleman, one of the principals behind the deposition of Edward II.
Lineage
He was the younger son of Blanche of Artois and Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster , Earl of Leicester , who was a son of Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence .
Henry's elder brother Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster succeeded their father in 1296 , but Henry was summoned to Parliament on February 6 , 1298 /99 by writ directed Henrico de Lancastre nepoti Regis, by which he is held to have become Lord Lancaster. He took part in the siege of Carlaverock in July 1300 .
Petition for succession and inheritance
Thomas was convicted of treason, executed and his lands and titles forfeited in 1322 . But Henry, who had not participated in his brother's rebellion, petitioned for his brother's lands and titles, and on March 29 , 1324 he was invested as Earl of Leicester , and a few years later the earldom of Lancaster was also restored to him.
Revenge
On the Queen's return to England with Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March in September 1326 , Henry joined her party against King Edward II, which led to a general desertion of the King's cause and overturned the power of Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of Winchester and his namesake son Hugh the younger Despenser .
He was sent in pursuit and captured the king at Neath in South Wales. He was appointed to take charge of the King, and was responsible for his custody at Kenilworth Castle .
Full restoration and reward
After Edward II's death Henry was appointed guardian of the new king Edward III of England , and was also appointed captain-general of all the King's forces in the Scottish Marches .
Loss of sight
In about the year 1330 , he became blind .
Succession
He was succeeded as Earl of Lancaster and Leicester by his eldest son, Henry of Grosmont , who subsequently became Duke of Lancaster.
Family
He married Maud Chaworth , before 2 March 1296 /1297 .
Henry and Maud had seven children:
Henry married Maud de Chaworth, Countess of Lancaster & Countess of Leicester 182 183 184 before 2 Mar 1297 in Kidwelly, Carmarthenshire, Wales. Maud was born on 2 Feb 1282 in <Kidwelly, Carmarthenshire>, Wales and died before 3 Dec 1322.
Marriage Notes: Marriage year could be 1296
Children from this marriage were:
+ 118 F i. Eleanor of Lancaster 185 186 was born about 1318 in England, died on 11 Jan 1372 in Arundel Castle, West Sussex, England about age 54, and was buried in Lewes Priory, Lewes, Sussex, England.
+ 119 M ii. Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster 187 was born about 1310 and died on 23 Mar 1361 about age 51.
+ 120 F iii. Blanche of Lancaster 188 was born about 1305 and died before 12 Jul 1380.
+ 121 F iv. Maud of Lancaster 188 was born about 1310 and died about 1377 about age 67.
+ 122 F v. Joan of Lancaster 189 was born about 1312 and died on 7 Jul 1345 in Yorkshire, England about age 33.
+ 123 F vi. Isabel of Lancaster, Abess of Ambresbury was born about 1317 and died after 1347.
+ 124 F vii. Mary of Lancaster 188 was born about 1320 and died on 1 Sep 1362 about age 42.
Henry next married Alix de Geneville.190 Alix died on 19 Apr 1336.
83. Thomas Plantagenet, 2nd Earl of Lancaster (Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester54, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1278.
Research Notes: Wikipedia (Edmund Crouchback)
84. John Plantagenet, Lord of Beaufort (Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester54, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born before 1286.
Research Notes: Wikipedia (Edmund Crouchback)
85. Mary Plantagenet (Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester54, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1)
86. Elizabeth of Rhuddlan, Princess of England 139 140 141 (King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 7 Aug 1282 in Rhuddlan Castle, Rhuddlan, Denbighshire, Wales, died on 5 May 1316 in Quendon, Essex, England at age 33, and was buried in Waltham Abbey, Essex, England.
Birth Notes: Wikipedia or some other source has b. 7 Aug 1282 or 1281. Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry, Edited by Thomas Allen Glenn at the request of Howard Reifsnyder, privately printed, Philadelphia, 1902, provided by http://books.google.com, p. 31 has b. 1284.
Death Notes: Per Wikipedia, died in childbirth
Research Notes: From Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry, p. 49:
"I. THE PRINCESS ELIZABETH PLANTAGENET, daughter of Edward I by his first wife, Eleanor of Castile, was born at Rudlan Castle, in Flintshire, 1284. She married, first, in London, John, Earl of Holland, who died without issue two years after his marriage; and secondly, Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford and Lord High Constable of England. By her second husband she had a son: William de Bohun.
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From Wikipedia - Elizabeth of Rhuddlan :
Elizabeth of Rhuddlan (Elizabeth Plantagenet) (7 August 1282 Rhuddlan Castle - 5 May 1316 Quendon )
Born the eighth daughter of Edward I of England and Eleanor of Castile . Of all her siblings, she was closest to her younger brother Edward II of England , as they were only two years apart in age.
In April 1285 there were negotiations with Floris V for Elizabeth's betrothal to his son John I, Count of Holland . The offer was accepted and John was sent to England to be educated. On 8 January 1297 Elizabeth was married to John at Ipswich . In attendance at the marriage were Elizabeth's sister Margaret , her father, Edward I of England , her brother Edward , and Humphrey de Bohun . After the wedding Elizabeth was expected to go to Holland with her husband, but did not wish to go, leaving her husband to go alone.
After some time travelling England , it was decided Elizabeth should follow her husband. Her father accompanied her, travelling through Antwerp , Malines , Louvain and Brussels , before ending up in Ghent . There they remained for a few months, spending Christmas with her two sister's Eleanor of England, Countess of Bar and Margaret Plantagenet . On 10 November 1299 , John died of dysentery , though there were rumours of his being murdered. No children had been born from the marriage.
On her return trip to England , Elizabeth went through Brabant to see her sister Margaret. When she arrived in England , she met her step mother Margaret of France , whom Edward had married whilst she was in Holland . Reportedly, they became inseparable. On 14 November 1302 Elizabeth was married to Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford , 3rd of Essex, also Constable of England , at Westminster Abbey .
During Christmas 1315 Elizabeth, who was pregnant with her 10th child, was visited by her sister-in-law Isabella of France . This was a great honour, but the stress of it may have caused unknown health problems that later contributed to Elizabeth's death in childbirth. On 5 May 1316 she went into labour, giving birth to her daughter Isabella. Both Elizabeth and Isabella died shortly after the birthing, and were buried together in Waltham Abbey .
The children of Elizabeth and Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford are:
Hugh de Bohun (September 1303 - 1305 )
Eleanor de Bohun (October 1304 - 1363 ), married James Butler, 1st Earl of Ormonde and Thomas Dagworth , 1st Baron Dagworth.
Humphrey de Bohun (b&d 1305 )
John de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford (23 November 1306 - 1335 )
Agnes de Bohun, (November 1309 - ), married Robert de Ferrers, Earl of Chartley
Humphrey de Bohun, 6th Earl of Hereford (6 December about 1309 - 1361 )
Margaret de Bohun (3 April 1311 - 1391 ), married Hugh Courtenay, 2nd Earl of Devon
William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton (1312 - 1360 ). Twin of Edward. Married Elizabeth de Badlesmere.
Edward de Bohun (1312 - 1334 ). Twin of William.
Eneas de Bohun, (1314 - after 1322 ), when he's mentioned in his father's will.
Isabel de Bohun (b&d 5 May 1316 )
Elizabeth married John , Count of Holland and Zealand.
Elizabeth next married Humphrey VIII de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford & 3rd Earl of Essex 191 192 on 14 Nov 1302 in Westminster Palace, London, England. Humphrey was born about 1276 in Pleshey Castle, Essex, England and died on 16 Mar 1322 in Boroughbridge, Yorkshire, England about age 46.
Death Notes: At the Battle of Boroughbridge, murdered in an ambush by the Welsh.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 125 M i. Sir William de Bohun, K.G., 1st Earl of Northampton 193 194 was born about 1311 and died on 16 Sep 1360 about age 49.
+ 126 F ii. Eleanor de Bohun 195 was born in Oct 1304 and died on 7 Oct 1363 at age 59.
+ 127 M iii. John de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford was born on 23 Nov 1306 and died in 1335 at age 29.
+ 128 M iv. Humphrey de Bohun, 6th Earl of Hereford 196 was born on 6 Dec 1309, died on 15 Oct 1361 in Pleshey Castle, Essex, England at age 51, and was buried in Friars Augustine, London.
+ 129 F v. Margaret de Bohun 113 197 was born on 3 Apr 1311 in Caldecote, Northamptonshire, England, died on 16 Dec 1391 in Exeter, Devonshire, England at age 80, and was buried in Exeter Cathedral, Devonshire, England.
+ 130 M vi. Edward de Bohun 192 was born in 1312 and died in 1334 at age 22.
+ 131 M vii. Eneas de Bohun was born about 1313 and died after 1322.
+ 132 F viii. Agnes de Bohun was born in Nov 1309.
87. Eleanor of England (King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 18 Jun 1269, died on 29 Aug 1298 at age 29, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, Midlesex, England.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Eleanor of England (1269-1298) :
Eleanor of England (18 June 1269 - 29 August 1298 ), was the eldest surviving daughter of Edward I of England and his first wife, Eleanor of Castile .
For a long period she was betrothed to King Alphonso III of Aragon (d. 18 June 1291 ). However, Alphonso's death occurred before the marriage could take place.
Eleanor subsequently married the French nobleman, Henry III, Count of Bar in 1293, as a means of allying Bar and England against the Kings of France. Eleanor and Henry had three surviving children:
Eleanor pre-deceased her husband and was buried 12 October 1298 in Westminster Abbey .
Eleanor married Henry III , Count of Bar on 20 Sep 1283 in Bristol, England. Henry was born in 1259 in Naples, Italy and died in Sep 1302 at age 43.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 133 M i. Edward I of Bar, Comte de Bar was born in 1284 and died in 1336 at age 52.
+ 134 F ii. Eleanor was born in 1285.
+ 135 F iii. Jeanne was born in 1295 and died in 1361 at age 66.
88. Joan of Acre 142 143 (King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1272 in Acre, Syria and died on 23 Apr 1307 at age 35.
Research Notes: Second wife of Sir Gilbert de Clare.
From Wikipedia - Joan of Acre :
Joan of Acre (April 1272 - April 23 , 1307 ) was the daughter of King Edward I of England and Queen Eleanor . She is most notable for her marriage to Ralph de Monthermer and the claim that miracles have allegedly taken place at her grave. She is also notable for the multiple references of her in literature.
Birth and Childhood
Joan, or Joanna, of Acre as she is sometimes referred to, was born in the spring of 1272 in Syria, while her parents, King Edward I and Queen Eleanor of Castille, were on the crusade .[2] She was the only English princess to be born outside of her native land, in the city of Acre, where her name derives from.[3] Her parents departed from Acre shortly after her birth, traveling to Sicily and Spain[4] before leaving Joan with her grandmother in Ponthieu, France.[5] Joan lived for several years in France where she spent her time being educated by a bishop and "being thoroughly spoiled by an indulgent grandmother."[6] Joan was free to play among the "vine clad hills and sunny vales"[7] surrounding her grandmother's home, although she required "judicious surveillance."[8]
As Joan was growing up with her grandmother, her father was back in England, already arranging marriages for his daughter. He wanted to gain both political power and more wealth with his daughter, so he conducted the arrangement in a very "business like style".[9] He finally found a man suitable to marry Joan (aged 5 at the time), Hartman, son of King Rudoph I, of Germany. Edward then brought her home from France for the first time to meet him.[10] As she had spent her entire life away from Edward and Eleanor, when she returned she "stood in no awe of her parents"[11] and had a fairly distanced relationship with them.
Unfortunately for King Edward, his daughter's suitor died before he was able to meet or marry Joan. The news reported that Hartman had fallen through a patch of shallow ice while "amusing himself in skating" while a letter sent to the King himself stated that Hartman had set out on a boat to visit his father amidst a terrible fog and the boat had smashed into a rock, drowning him.[12]
First Marriage
Edward arranged a second marriage almost immediately after the death of Hartman.[13] Gilbert de Clare, earl of Gloucester, who was almost thirty years older than Joan and newly divorced was his first choice.[14] The earl resigned his lands to Edward upon agreeing to get them back when he married Joan, as well as agreed on a dower of two thousand silver marks.[15] By the time all of these negotiations were finished, Joan was twelve years old.[16] Gilbert de Clare became very enamored with Joan, and even though she had to marry him regardless of how she felt, he still tried to woo her.[17] He bought her expensive gifts and clothing to try to win favor with her.[18] The couple were married on April 30th, 1290 at Westminster Abbey, and had four children together.[19]
They were:
Gilbert de Clare, 8th Earl of Hertford
Eleanor de Clare
Margaret de Clare
Elizabeth de Clare
Joan's first husband, Gilbert de Clare died on December 7th, 1295.[20]
Secret Second Marriage
Joan had been a widow for only a little over a year when she caught the eye of Ralph de Monthermer , a squire in Joan's father's household.[21] Joan fell in love and convinced her father to have Monthermer knighted. It was unheard of in European royalty for one in power to even converse with a man who had not won or acquired importance in the household. However, in January during the year of 1297, the couple was secretly married.[22] Ralph de Monthermer, 1st Baron Monthermer, and Joan of Acre blind-sided her father with this secret while he was already planning another marriage for his daughter to Amadeus V, Count of Savoy.[23] The arrangements for this marriage were quickly made through written letters. The date was to be March 16th, 1297. Joan of Acre was in dangerous predicament, as she was already a wedded wife, unbeknownst to her father. She sent her son and little daughters over to Edward I, their grandfather, in hopes that their sweetness would serve in her favor. However, her plan did not work.[24] He soon found out the intentions his daughter had, but did not realize she had already committed them.[25]
Upon finding out, he took all of Joan's lands into his own hands and continued on with his planning of the arranged marriage between Joan and Amadeus of Savoy.[26]
Soon after the seizure of her lands, Joan told her father of the official marriage between her and Monthermer. He was enraged and retaliated by immediately throwing Monthermer in prison at Bristol Castle .[27] The people of the land had differing opinions on the princess' matter, however, and has been argued that ones who were most upset were those who wanted Joan's hand in marriage.[28]
With regard to the matter, Joan famously said, "It is not considered ignominious, nor disgraceful for a great earl to take a poor and mean woman to wife; neither, on the other hand, is it worthy of blame, or too difficult a thing to promote to honor a gallant youth."[29] It is said that not only this claim, but the possibility of the appearance of a pregnant stomach seemed to soften Edward's attitude towards the situation.[30]
At last, her father relented for the sake of his daughter and released Monthermer from prison in August 1297.[31] Monthermer paid homage August 2nd and getting the title of Earl of Gloucester and Earl of Hertford , rose to favor with the King during Joan's lifetime. [32]. Monthermer and Joan had four children:
Mary de Monthermer, born October 1297. In 1306 her grandfather King Edward I arranged for her to wed Duncan Macduff, 8th Earl of Fife .
Joan de Monthermer, born 1299, became a nun at Amesbury .
Thomas de Monthermer , 2nd Baron Monthermer, born 1301.
Edward de Monthermer, born 1304 and died 1339.
Relationship With Family
Acre was the seventh child of Edward I and Eleanor's fourteen children. Most of her older siblings died before the age of seven, and many of her younger siblings died before adulthood.[33] Of the survivors, included were Joan, four of her sisters, and her younger brother, Edward (later Edward II , King of England). [34]
Acre, like her siblings, was raised outside her family's household. She lived with her grandmother while her parents were on the crusade.[35] Edward I did not have a close relationship with most of his children while they were growing up, yet "he seemed fonder of his daughters than his sons."[36] In fact, most of the children who made it to adulthood were Edward's daughters.[37]
However, Acre's independent nature caused numerous conflicts between her and her father. Her father disapproved of her leaving court after her marriage to the Earl of Gloucester, and in turn "seized seven robes that had been made for her."[38] He also strongly disapproved of her second marriage to Ralph de Monthermer, a squire in her household, even to the point of attempting to force her to marry someone else.[39][40] While Edward ultimately developed a cordial relationship with Monthermer, even giving him the title of Earl [41], there appears to have been a notable difference in the Edward's treatment of Joan as compared to the treatment of the rest of her siblings. For instance, her father famously paid messengers substantially when they brought news of the birth of grandchildren, but did not do this upon birth of Acre's daughter.[42]
In terms of her siblings, Acre kept a fairly tight bond. She and Monthermer both maintained a close relationship with her brother, Edward II, which was maintained through letters. After Edward II became estranged from his parents and lost his royal seal, "Joan offered to lend him her seal" instead.[43]
Death
Joan of Acre died on April 23, 1307.[44] The cause of her death remains unclear, though one popular theory is that she died during childbirth, a common cause of death at the time. However, historians have not confirmed this to be her cause of death.[45]
Less than four months after her death, Joan's father, Edward I died. Ralph de Monthermer was stripped of his title of Earl soon after the deaths of his wife and father in law, and the title was given to Joan's son from her first marriage, Gilbert.[46]
Joan's burial place has been the cause of some interest and debate. Allegedly, in 1357, Joan's daughter, Elizabeth De Burgh, claimed to have "inspected her mother's body and found the corpse to be intact,"[47]an indication of sanctity. Some sources claim that miracles have taken place at her tomb, from a cure of the toothache to the fever, which was often fatal at the time. [48]
Joan married Sir Gilbert de Clare, 9th Earl of Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford 165 171 172 about 30 Apr 1290 in Westminster Abbey, London, Midlesex, England. Gilbert was born on 2 Sep 1243 in Christchurch, Hampshire (Dorset), England, died on 7 Dec 1295 in Monmouth Castle, Monmouthshire, Wales at age 52, and was buried on 22 Dec 1295 in Tewkesbury Abbey, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England.
Noted events in his life were:
• 3rd Earl of Gloucester:
• 7th Earl of Hertford:
• Knighted: 14 May 1264.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 136 F i. Eleanor de Clare 165 198 199 was born on 3 Oct 1292 in Caerphilly, Glamorgan, Wales, died on 30 Jun 1337 at age 44, and was buried in Tewkesbury, Wiltshire, England.
89. Margaret Plantagenet (King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 15 Mar 1275 and died in 1318 at age 43.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Edward I of England
90. KingEdward II of England 144 145 (King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 25 Apr 1284 in Caernarfon Castle, Caernarfonshire, Gwynedd, Wales, died on 21 Sep 1327 in <Berkeley Castle, > near Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England at age 43, and was buried in Gloucester Cathedral, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Edward II of England :
Edward II, (April 25 , 1284 - September 21 , 1327 ) of Caernarfon , was King of England from 1307 until deposed in January 1327. His tendency to ignore his nobility in favour of low-born favourites led to constant political unrest and his eventual deposition. Edward is perhaps best remembered for his murder and his alleged homosexuality .
Edward II was the first monarch to establish colleges in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge ; he founded Cambridge's King's Hall in 1317 and gave Oxford's Oriel College its royal charter in 1326. Both colleges received the favour of Edward's son, Edward III , who confirmed Oriel's charter in 1327 and refounded King's Hall in 1337.
Prince of Wales
The fourth son of Edward I of England by his first wife Eleanor of Castile , Edward II was born at Caernarfon Castle . He was the first English prince to hold the title of the Prince of Wales , which was formalized by the Lincoln Parliament of February 7 , 1301 .
The story that his father presented Edward II as a newborn to the Welsh as their future native prince is unfounded (the Welsh would have asked the King to give them a prince that spoke Welsh , and he would have answered he would give them a prince that spoke no English at all); the story first appeared in the work of 16th century Welsh "antiquary " David Powel [citation needed ].
Edward became heir at just a few months old, following the death of his elder brother Alphonso . His father, a notable military leader, trained his heir in warfare and statecraft starting in his childhood, yet the young Edward preferred boating and craftsman work - activities thought beneath kings at the time...
On January 25 , 1308 , Edward married Isabella of France , the daughter of King Philip IV of France , "Philip the Fair," and sister to three French kings. The marriage was doomed to failure almost from the beginning. Isabella was frequently neglected by her husband, who spent much of his time conspiring with his favourites regarding how to limit the powers of the Peerage in order to consolidate his father's legacy for himself. Nevertheless, their marriage produced two sons, Edward (1312-1377), who would succeed his father on the throne as Edward III, and John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall (1316-1336), and two daughters, Eleanor (1318-1355) and Joanna (1321-1362), wife of David II of Scotland . Edward had also fathered at least one illegitimate son, Adam FitzRoy , who accompanied his father in the Scottish campaigns of 1322 and died on 18 September 1322 .
[edit ] War with the Barons
When Edward travelled to the northern French city of Boulogne to marry Isabella, he left his friend and counsellor Gaveston to act as regent. Gaveston also received the earldom of Cornwall and the hand of the king's niece, Margaret of Gloucester; these proved to be costly honours.
Various barons grew resentful of Gaveston, and insisted on his banishment through the Ordinances of 1311 . Edward recalled his friend, but in 1312, Gaveston was executed by the Earl of Lancaster and his allies, who claimed that Gaveston led the king to folly. (Gaveston was run through and beheaded on Blacklow Hill, outside the small village of Leek Wootton , where a monument called Gaveston's Cross still stands today).
Immediately following, Edward focused on the destruction of those who had betrayed him, while the barons themselves lost impetus (with Gaveston dead, they saw little need to continue). By mid-July, Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke was advising the king to make war on the barons who, unwilling to risk their lives, entered negotiations in September 1312. In October, the Earls of Lancaster, Warwick, Arundel and Hereford begged Edward's pardon.
[edit ] Conflict with Scotland
During this period, Robert the Bruce was steadily re-conquering Scotland . Each campaign begun by Edward, from 1307 to 1314, ended in Robert's clawing back more of the land that Edward I had taken during his long reign. Robert's military successes against Edward II were due to a number of factors, not the least of which was the Scottish King's strategy. He used small forces to trap an invading English army, he took castles by stealth to preserve his troops and he used the land itself as a weapon against Edward by attacking quickly and then disappearing into the hills before facing the superior numbers of the English. Castle by castle, Robert the Bruce rebuilt Scotland and united the country against its common enemy. Indeed, Robert is quoted as saying that he feared more the dead Edward I than the living Edward II. Thus, by June 1314, only Stirling Castle and Berwick remained under English control.
On 23 June 1314 , Edward and his army of 20,000 foot soldiers and 3000 cavalry faced Robert and his army of foot soldiers and farmers wielding 14 foot long pikes. Edward knew he had to keep the critical stronghold of Stirling Castle if there was to be any chance for English military success. The castle, however, was under a constant state of siege, and the English commander, Sir Phillip de Mowbray, had advised Edward that he would surrender the castle to the Scots unless Edward arrived by June 24 , 1314 , to relieve the siege. Edward could not afford to lose his last forward castle in Scotland. He decided therefore to gamble his entire army to break the siege and force the Scots to a final battle by putting its army into the field.
However, Edward had made a serious mistake in thinking that his vastly superior numbers alone would provide enough of a strategic advantage to defeat the Scots. Robert not only had the advantage of prior warning, as he knew the actual day that Edward would come north and fight, he also had the time to choose the field of battle most advantageous to the Scots and their style of combat. As Edward moved forward on the main road to Stirling, Robert placed his army on either side of the road north, one in the dense woods and the other placed on a bend on the river, a spot hard for the invading army to see. Robert also ordered his men to dig potholes and cover them with bracken in order to help break any cavalry charge.
By contrast, Edward did not issue his writs of service, calling upon 21,540 men, until May 27 , 1314 . Worse, his army was ill-disciplined and had seen little success in eight years of campaigns. On the eve of battle, he decided to move his entire army at night and placed it in a marshy area, with its cavalry laid out in nine squadrons in front of the foot soldiers. The following battle, the Battle of Bannockburn , is considered by contemporary scholars to be the worst defeat sustained by the English since the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
Tactics similar to Robert's were employed by victorious English armies against the French in later centuries, partly as a direct result of the enduring decisiveness of the Scots' victory. A young Henry V of England would use this exact tactic against French cavalry in a key battle on the fields of Agincourt in 1415, winning the day and the war against France.[citation needed ]...
[edit ] End of the Despensers
Reprisals against Edward's allies began immediately thereafter. The Earl of Arundel, an old enemy of Roger Mortimer, was beheaded; this was followed by the trial and execution of Despenser.
Despenser was brutally executed and a huge crowd gathered in anticipation at seeing him die. They dragged him from his horse, stripped him, and scrawled Biblical verses against corruption and arrogance on his skin. They then led him into the city, presenting him in the market square to Roger, Isabella, and the Lancastrians. He was then condemned to hang as a thief, be castrated , and then be drawn and quartered as a traitor, his quarters to be dispersed through England.
[edit ] Abdication
With the King imprisoned, Mortimer and the Queen faced the problem of what to do with him. The simplest solution would be execution: his titles would then pass to Edward of Windsor, whom Isabella could control, while it would also prevent the possibility of his being restored. Execution would require the King to be tried and convicted of treason: and while most Lords agreed that Edward had failed to show due attention to his country, several Prelates argued that, appointed by God, the King could not be legally deposed or executed; if this happened, they said, God would punish the country. Thus, at first, it was decided to have Edward imprisoned for life instead.
However, the fact remained that the legality of power still lay with the King. Isabella had been given the Great Seal, and was using it to rule in the names of the King, herself, and their son as appropriate; nonetheless, these actions were illegal, and could at any moment be challenged.
In these circumstances, Parliament chose to act as an authority above the King. Representatives of the House of Commons were summoned, and debates began. The Archbishop of York and others declared themselves fearful of the London mob, loyal to Roger Mortimer. Others wanted the King to speak in Parliament and openly abdicate , rather than be deposed by the Queen and her General. Mortimer responded by commanding the Mayor of London , Richard de Bethune, to write to Parliament, asking them to go to the Guildhall to swear an oath to protect the Queen and Prince Edward, and to depose the King. Mortimer then called the great lords to a secret meeting that night, at which they gave their unanimous support to the deposition of the King.
Eventually Parliament agreed to remove the King. However, for all that Parliament had agreed that the King should no longer rule, they had not deposed him. Rather, their decision made, Edward was asked to accept it.
On January 20, Edward II was informed at Kenilworth Castle of the charges brought against him. The King was guilty of incompetence; allowing others to govern him to the detriment of the people and Church; not listening to good advice and pursuing occupations unbecoming to a monarch; having lost Scotland and lands in Gascony and Ireland through failure of effective governance; damaging the Church , and imprisoning its representatives; allowing nobles to be killed, disinherited, imprisoned and exiled; failing to ensure fair justice, instead governing for profit and allowing others to do likewise; and of fleeing in the company of a notorious enemy of the realm, leaving it without government, and thereby losing the faith and trust of his people. Edward, profoundly shocked by this judgement, wept while listening. He was then offered a choice: he might abdicate in favour of his son; or he might resist, and relinquish the throne to one not of royal blood, but experienced in government - this, presumably, being Roger Mortimer. The King, lamenting that his people had so hated his rule, agreed that if the people would accept his son, he would abdicate in his favour. The lords, through the person of Sir William Trussel, then renounced their homage to him, and the reign of Edward II ended.
The abdication was announced and recorded in London on January 24, and the following day was proclaimed the first of the reign of Edward III - who, at 14, was still controlled by Isabella and Mortimer. The former King Edward remained imprisoned.
Death
Edward II's tomb at Gloucester Cathedral
The government of Isabella and Mortimer was so precarious that they dared not leave the deposed king in the hands of their political enemies. On April 3, Edward II was removed from Kenilworth and entrusted to the custody of two dependents of Mortimer, then later imprisoned at Berkeley Castle in Gloucestershire where, it is generally believed, he was murdered by an agent of Isabella and Mortimer...
Following the public announcement of the king's death, the rule of Isabella and Mortimer did not last long. Mortimer and Isabella made peace with the Scots in the Treaty of Northampton , but this move was highly unpopular. Consequently, when Edward III came of age in 1330, he executed Roger Mortimer on fourteen charges of treason, most significantly the murder of Edward II (thereby removing any public doubt about his father's survival). Edward III spared his mother and gave her a generous allowance, but ensured that she retired from public life for several years. She died at Hertford on August 23 , 1358 .
Noted events in his life were:
• King of England: 1307-1327.
Edward married Isabella , of France 200 201 on 25 Jan 1308 in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France. Isabella was born about 1295 in Paris, (Île-de-France), France and died on 22 Aug 1358 about age 63.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 137 M i. Edward III King of England 202 203 204 was born on 13 Nov 1312 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England and died on 21 Jun 1377 in Sheen Palace, Richmond, Surrey, England at age 64.
+ 138 M ii. John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall was born in 1316.
+ 139 F iii. Eleanor Countess of Guelders was born in 1318.
+ 140 F iv. Joan Queen of Scots was born in 1321.
91. Thomas of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk (King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 1 Jun 1300 and died in 1338 at age 38.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 16-29
Thomas married Alice Hales after 1316. Alice died after 8 May 1316.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 141 F i. Margaret Duchess of Norfolk died on 24 Mar 1399.
92. Catherine verch Llewellyn Gryffyth (Elinor de Montfort59, Eleanor34, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1)
Catherine married Philip ap Ifor, Lord of Is Coed.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 142 F i. Eleanor ferch Philip ap Ifor was born in 1318.
93. Gwenllian ferch Llewelyn ap Gruffudd (Elinor de Montfort59, Eleanor34, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1)
94. Roger de Mortimer, of Wigmore, 1st Baron Mortimer 102 149 150 (Gwladys "Ddu" verch Llewellyn62, Joan , Princess of Gwynedd35, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1231 in Cwmaron Castle, Radnorshire, Wales and died on 27 Oct 1282 in Kingsland, Herefordshire, England about age 51.
Birth Notes: FamilySearch has b. 1221, Cwmaron Castle, Radnorshire, Wales
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), Line 28-29 and 176B-29
From Wikipedia - Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer :
Roger Mortimer (1231- 30 October 1282), 1st Baron Mortimer , was a famous and honoured knight from Wigmore Castle in Herefordshire . He was a loyal ally of King Henry III of England . He was at times an enemy, at times an ally, of the Welsh prince, Llywelyn the Last .
Early career
Born in 1231, Roger was the son of Ralph de Mortimer and his Welsh wife, Princess Gwladys Ddu , daughter of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth .
In 1256 Roger went to war with Llywelyn ap Gruffydd when the latter invaded his lordship of Gwrtheyrnion or Rhayader . This war would continue intermittently until the death of both Roger and Llywelyn in 1282. They were both grandsons of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth .
Mortimer fought for the King against the rebel Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester , and almost lost his life in 1264 at the Battle of Lewes fighting Montfort's men. In 1265 Mortimer's wife, Maud de Braose helped rescue Prince Edward ; and Mortimer and the Prince made an alliance against de Montfort.
Victor at Evesham
In August 1265, de Montfort's army was surrounded by the River Avon on three sides, and Prince Edward's army on the fourth. Mortimer had sent his men to block the only possible escape route, at the Bengeworth bridge. The Battle of Evesham began in earnest. A storm roared above the battle field. Montfort's Welsh soldiers broke and ran for the bridge, where they were slaughtered by Mortimer's men. Mortimer himself killed Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester in crushing Montfort's army. Mortimer was awarded Montfort's severed head and other parts of his anatomy, which he sent home to Wigmore Castle as a gift for his wife, Lady Mortimer.
Marriage and children
Lady Mortimer was Maud de Braose , daughter of William de Braose, Lord of Abergavenny by Eva Marshal . Roger Mortimer had married her in 1247. She was, like him, a scion of a Welsh Marches family. Their children were:
Ralph Mortimer, died 1276.
Edmund Mortimer, 2nd Baron Mortimer (1251-1304), married Margaret de Fiennes , the daughter of William II de Fiennes and Blanche de Brienne . Had issue, including Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
Isabella Mortimer , died 1292. She married (1) John Fitzalan, 7th Earl of Arundel , (2) Robert de Hastings
Margaret Mortimer , died 1297. She married Robert de Vere, 6th Earl of Oxford
Roger Mortimer of Chirk , died 1326.
Geoffrey Mortimer , a knight
William Mortimer , a knight
Their eldest son, Ralph, was a famed knight but died in his youth. The second son, Edmund, was recalled from Oxford University and appointed his father's heir.
Epitaph
Roger Mortimer died on 30 October 1282, and was buried at Wigmore Abbey , where his tombstone read:
"Here lies buried, glittering with praise, Roger the pure, Roger Mortimer the second, called Lord of Wigmore by those who held him dear. While he lived all Wales feared his power, and given as a gift to him all Wales remained his. It knew his campaigns, he subjected it to torment."
Roger married Maud de Braose 102 205 206 in 1247. Maud was born in 1224 in <Gower, Glamorganshire>, Wales, died before 23 Mar 1301 in Herefordshire, England, and was buried in Wigmore Abbey, Wigmore, Herefordshire, England.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 143 F i. Isabella de Mortimer 165 207 died before 1 Apr 1292.
+ 144 M ii. Sir Edmund de Mortimer, 7th Baron Mortimer of Wigmore 208 209 was born in 1261 in <Wigmore, Herefordshire>, England, died on 17 Jul 1304 in Wigmore, Herefordshire, England at age 43, and was buried in Wigmore, Herefordshire, England.
95. Hugh I de Audley 43 106 (Ela Longspee63, William II Longspée36, William Longspée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury20, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1250 in Audley, Staffordshire, England and died about 1336 about age 86.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Hugh I de Audley :
Hugh de Audley (ca. 1250 - ca. 1336) was a member of the Audley-Stanley family and the father of Hugh de Audley, 1st Earl of Gloucester .
Lineage
He was born in Audley in the English County of Staffordshire , the son of James of Aldithley (born c. 1225 in Audley , Staffordshire ) and Ela Longspee (daughter of William II Longespee , and his great great grandfather was therefore Henry II , King of England.
Family
He married Isolda de Mortimer , the daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 2nd Baron Mortimer , and had 3 children:
Hugh married Isolde de Mortimer 209 in Wigmore, Herefordshire, England. Isolde was born about 1270 in <Wigmore, Herefordshire>, England and died in 1328 about age 58.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 145 F i. Alice Audley 43 was born about 1304 in Hadley, Staffordshire, England, died on 11 Jan 1374 in Greystoke, Northumberland, England about age 70, and was buried in Durham Cathedral, Durham, Durham, England.
96. Loretta La Zouche (Roger La Zouche64, Alan La Zouche37, Geoffrey I de Porhoët21, Constance , Princess of Bretagne12, Maud , Princess of England6, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1)
Loretta married Gilbert de Sanford.210
The child from this marriage was:
+ 146 F i. Alice de Sanford 210 died before 9 Sep 1312.
97. Sir Alan La Zouche 12 151 152 (Roger La Zouche64, Alan La Zouche37, Geoffrey I de Porhoët21, Constance , Princess of Bretagne12, Maud , Princess of England6, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1203 in <Ashby-de-la-Zouche, Leicestershire>, England and died on 10 Aug 1270 in England about age 67.
Death Notes: According to Wikipedia: "As the result of a quarrel over some lands with John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey , he was seriously injured in Westminster Hall by the earl and his retainers, and died on August 10 , 1270 ."
Research Notes: Eldest son and heir of Roger la Zouche.
From Wikipedia - Baron Zouche :
Roger La Zouche became the father of Alan la Zouche (1205-1270) and Eudo La Zouche. [1] Alan was justice of Chester and justice of Ireland under Henry III of England . He was loyal to the king during the struggle with the barons, fought at the Battle of Lewes and helped to arrange the peace of Kenilworth . As the result of a quarrel over some lands with John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey , he was seriously injured in Westminster Hall by the earl and his retainers, and died on August 10 , 1270 .
Noted events in his life were:
• Constable of the Tower of London:
• Justice: of Chester. under Henry III
• Justice: of Ireland. under Henry III
Alan married Helen de Quincy, of Brackley 12 179 before 1242. Helen was born about 1222 in <Winchester, Hampshire>, England and died Sh. Bef. 20 Aug 1296 in England about age 74.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 147 M i. Eudo La Zouche 12 was born about 1244 in <Ashby, Leicestershire, England> and died before 25 Jun 1279.
+ 148 F ii. Margery La Zouche 43 was born about 1251 in <Clavering, Essex>, England.
98. Joan de Somery (Nichole d' Aubigny65, Mabel , of Chester38, Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) died in 1282.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 249-31
Source also: familysearch.org (Kevin Bradford)
Joan married John IV le Strange, of Knokyn before 1254. John died from before 26 Feb 1275 to 1276 in Knockin, Montfort.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 149 M i. John V le Strange, of Knokyn was born before 1254 and died before 8 Aug 1309.
99. John FitzAlan, Lord of Clun and Oswestry 156 157 (Isabel d'Aubigny66, Mabel , of Chester38, Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1223 and died on 10 Nov 1267 at age 44.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - John FitzAlan, 6th Earl of Arundel :
John FitzAlan (1223-1267), Lord of Oswestry and Clun , and de jure Earl of Arundel , was a Breton -English nobleman and Marcher Lord with lands in the Welsh Marches .
Family
The son and heir of John Fitzalan, Lord of Oswestry and Clun , in Shropshire , and Isabel, daughter of William d'Aubigny, 3rd Earl of Arundel by his wife, Mabel of Chester, he obtained possession of his paternal estates on May 26 , 1244 , aged 21 years.
After the death without direct heirs of his mother's brother Hugh d'Aubigny, 5th Earl of Arundel , he inherited jure matris the castle and honour of Arundel in 1243, which, according to the admission of 1433, he was held to have become de jure Earl of Arundel.[1]
Welsh Conflicts
In 1257 the Welsh Lord of Gwenwynwyn , in the southern realm of the Welsh Kingdom of Powys , sought the aid of the Lord of Oswestry against Llywelyn ap Gruffydd and John Fitzalan was a member of the English force that was defeated at the hands of the Welsh at Cymerau in Carmarthenshire , which he survived.
In 1258 he was one of the key English military commanders in the Welsh Marches and was summoned yet again in 1260 for further conflict against the Welsh.
Arundel vacillated in the conflicts between Henry III and the Barons, and fought on the King's side at the Battle of Lewes in 1264, where he was taken prisoner.
By 1278 to 1282 his own sons were also engaged in Welsh border hostilities, attacking the lands of Llywelyn the son of Gruffydd ap Madog .
Marriage
He married Maud le Botiller , daughter of Theobald le Botiller (Boteler) and Rohese or Rohesia de Verdon . His son and successor was:
References
^ Cockayne, G. E., edited by the Hon. Vicary Gibbs, & H. A. Doubleday, London, 1926, vol.v, p.392
Noted events in his life were:
• 6th Earl of Arundel:
• Will: Oct 1267.
John married Maud le Boteler. Maud died on 27 Nov 1283.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 150 M i. John FitzAlan, Lord of Clun and Oswestry 211 212 was born on 14 Sep 1246 and died 18 Mar 1271 or 1302 at age 24.
100. Maud de Lacy, Countess of Lincoln 161 162 163 (Margaret de Quincy67, Hawise , of Chester, Countess of Lincoln40, Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 25 Jan 1223 and died before 10 Mar 1289.
Research Notes: Eldest daughter of John de Lacy. "The most litigious woman of the 13th century."
From Wikipedia - Maud de Lacy :
Maud de Lacy, Countess of Lincoln, Countess of Hertford and Gloucester (25 January 1223- 1287/10 March 1289), was an English noblewoman, being the eldest child of John de Lacy, 1st Earl of Lincoln , and the wife of Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford , 2nd Earl of Gloucester. Her son was Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford , 3rd Earl of Gloucester, a powerful noble during the reigns of kings Henry III of England and Edward I .
Family
Maud was born on 25 January 1223 in Lincoln , Lincolnshire , England, the eldest child of John de Lacy, 1st Earl of Lincoln, a Magna Carta Surety, and Margaret de Quincy (1206- 30 March 1266). Maud had a younger brother Edmund de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln who married in 1247 Alasia of Saluzzo, by whom he had three children.
Maud was styled as the Countess of Lincoln, however, she never held that title suo jure .
Her paternal grandparents were Roger de Lacy and Maud de Clare. Her maternal grandparents were Robert de Quincy and Hawise of Chester, Countess of Lincoln.[1]
Maud and her mother, Margaret were never close; in point of fact, relations between the two women were described as strained. Throughout Maud's marriage, the only interactions between Maud and her mother were on a financial level, pertaining to the substantial Marshal family property Margaret owned and controlled due to the latter's second marriage on 6 January 1242 to Walter Marshal, 5th Earl of Pembroke (1196- 24 November 1245) almost two years after the death of Maud's father, John de Lacy in 1240.[2] Margaret married her third husband, Richard of Wiltshire before 7 June 1252.
Marriage and children
On 25 January 1238 which was her fifteenth birthday, Maud married Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, and 2nd Earl of Gloucester, son of Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford , 1st Earl of Gloucester, and Isabel Marshal . Maud was his second wife; his first marriage, which was made clandestinely, to Megotta de Burgh had been annulled. Maud's parents paid King Henry III the enormous sum of 5,000 pounds to obtain his agreement to the marriage. The King supplied her dowry which consisted of the castle of Usk , the manor of Clere, as well as other lands and manors.[2]
Together Richard and Maud had seven children:[3]
Death of Richard de Clare
On 15 July 1262, her husband died near Canterbury . Maud designed and commissioned a magnificent tomb for him at Tewkesbury Abbey where he was buried. She also donated the manor of Sydinghowe to the priory of Legh, Devonshire for the soul of Richard, formerly her husband, earl of Gloucester and Hertford by charter dated to 1280.[3] Their eldest son Gilbert succeeded Richard as the 7th Earl of Hertford and 3rd Earl of Gloucester. Maud carefully arranged the marriages of her daughters; however, the King owned her sons' marriage rights.[2] She was involved in numerous lawsuits and litigations with her tenants and neighbours, as a result she was known as the most litigious woman in the 13th century.[2]
Maud herself died sometime between 1287 and 10 March 1289. Her numerous descendants included Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard , both Queens consort of Henry VIII ; and the Dukes of Norfolk .
***********
From Magna Charta Barons, p. 103:
"Maud, wife of Richard de Clare, Earl of Gloucester. John, Earl of Lincoln, was promised the marriage of his eldest daughter to Richard de Clare, in the event of the king not marrying him to a daughter of the Earl of March, and for this grant he engaged to pay five thousand marks. This agreement, having been made without the consent of the Barons, excited considerable dissatisfaction, especially in the elder de Clare."
Maud married Sir Richard de Clare, 8th Earl of Clare 79 121 122 on 25 Jan 1238. Richard was born on 4 Aug 1222, died on 15 Jul 1262 in Asbenfield, Waltham near Canterbury, England at age 39, and was buried in Tewkesbury Abbey, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England.
Marriage Notes: http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f002/f48/a0024834.htm has m. 2 Feb 1238
Noted events in his life were:
• 6th Earl of Hertford:
• 2nd Earl of Gloucester:
(Duplicate Line. See Person 71)
101. Edmund de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln (Margaret de Quincy67, Hawise , of Chester, Countess of Lincoln40, Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) died in 1257.
Research Notes: Commonly called the "second Earl of Lincoln," although he died before his mother and therefore did not actually inherit the title.
From Magna Charta Barons, pp. 102-103:
Edmund de Lacie, second Earl of Lincoln, d. 1257. He is called the second Earl, although the title was never attributed to him in any charter, by reason that he died before his mother, through whom the dignity came. Dugdale states that he married, in 1247, 'an outlandish lady from the parts of Savoy, brought over purposely for him by Peter de Savoy, uncle to the queen, which occasioned much discontent amongst the nobles of England.' This lady was Alice, daughter of the Marquess of Saluces, in Italy, and a cousin of the queen."
102. Agnes de Ferrers 166 (Sir William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby68, Agnes , of Chester, Lady of Chartley41, Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) died after 9 May 1281.
Agnes married Sir Robert de Muscegros, of Charlton, Somerset.213 214 Robert was born about 1252 and died on 27 Dec 1280 about age 28.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 151 F i. Hawise de Muscegros, of Charlton 215 was born on 21 Dec 1276 and died After Jun 1340 By Dec 1350.
103. Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby 167 (Sir William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby68, Agnes , of Chester, Lady of Chartley41, Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1239 and died in 1279 at age 40.
Robert married Alianore de Bohun 216 on 26 Jun 1269. Alianore died on 20 Feb 1314.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 152 M i. Sir John de Ferrers, of Southoe and Keyston 217 was born on 30 Jun 1271 in Cardiff and died in Aug 1312 in Gascony at age 41.
104. Joan de Ferrers 115 165 (Sir William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby68, Agnes , of Chester, Lady of Chartley41, Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1248 in Derbyshire, England, died on 19 Mar 1309 in Berkeley Castle, Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England about age 61, and was buried in St. Augustine's, Bristol, Gloucestershire, England.
Joan married Thomas de Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley 218 in 1267. Thomas was born in 1245 and died on 23 Jul 1321 in Berkeley Castle, Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England at age 76.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 153 M i. Maurice de Berkeley 165 was born in Apr 1271 in <Berkeley Castle, > near Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England, died on 31 May 1326 in Wallingford Castle, Wallingford, Berkshire (Oxfordshire), England at age 55, and was buried in St. Augustine's, Bristol, Gloucestershire, England.
105. Joan de Ferrers 165 (Sir William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby68, Agnes , of Chester, Lady of Chartley41, Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1232 in Derbyshire, England and died in Oct 1267 about age 35.
Joan married Robert Aguillon.165 Robert was born on 25 Mar 1226 in <Watton-at-Stone>, Hertfordshire, England and was christened in Perching of Addington, Surrey, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 154 F i. Isabel Aguillon 165 was born on 25 Mar 1258 in <Addington>, Surrey, England and died in 1323 at age 65.
106. Matilda de Ferrers 113 (Sir William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby68, Agnes , of Chester, Lady of Chartley41, Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1228 in Derbyshire, England and died on 12 Mar 1299 about age 71.
Matilda married William "Fort" de Vivonne.219 William was born about 1225 in <Albemarle, Scotland> and died on 22 May 1259 about age 34.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 155 F i. Cecilia de Vivonne 219 was born about 1253 in <Hatch, Somersetshire, England>, died on 10 Jan 1320 in Stoke-under-Hamden, Somersetshire, England about age 67, and was buried in <Fort in Poitore>.
107. Anastasia Percy 117 (William de Percy, 6th Baron Percy70, Isabel Brus44, Joanna de Meschines24, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1216 in <Alnwick>, Northumberland, England.
Anastasia married Ralph FitzRandolph.117 Ralph was born about 1206 in <Middleham>, Yorkshire, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 156 F i. Mary FitzRandolph 117 was born about 1244 in <Middleham>, Yorkshire, England, died on 11 Apr 1320 in Coverham, Yorkshire, England about age 76, and was buried in Coverham Abbey, Coverham, Yorkshire, England.
108. Thomas de Clare, Lord of Inchiquin and Yougal 169 170 (Sir Richard de Clare, 8th Earl of Clare71, Sir Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Clare, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester46, Amice FitzWilliam, Countess of Gloucester25, William, 2nd Earl of Gloucester14, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1245 and died on 29 Aug 1287 about age 42.
Death Notes: Another source has d. Feb 1288.
Research Notes: 2nd son of Maud de Lacy and Sir Richard de Clare. First husband of Juliana FitzGerald.
From Wikipedia - Juliana FitzGerald :
In February 1275, at the age of about twelve years, Juliana married her first husband, Thomas de Clare, Lord of Inchiquin and Yougal. He was the second eldest son of Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford , 2nd Earl of Gloucester and Maud de Lacy . Thomas was a friend of King Edward I of England , with whom he went on a Crusade . He held many important posts including the Office of Governor of Colchester Castle (1266), Governor of the City of London (1273). He was also the commander of the English forces in Munster , Ireland , and in 1276, he was granted the lordship of Thomond . He was born in 1245, which made him about eighteen years older than Juliana.
Juliana and her husband Thomas resided at Bunratty Castle , which Thomas constructed in stone replacing the earlier wooden structure. Together Thomas and Juliana had four children:[3]
Life at Bunratty Castle was marked by unrest and strife as civil war was waged between rival factions of the powerful O'Brien clan. In 1277, Juliana's husband had his former ally Brian Ruad , the deposed King of Thomond, hanged for treason at Bunratty.[4]
Thomas died on 29 August 1287.
Noted events in his life were:
• Governor of Colchester Castle: 1266.
• Governor of the City of London: 1273.
• Lord of Thomand: 1276.
• Lord of Inchequin and Yougha:
Thomas married Juliana FitzGerald, of Offaly 170 220 in Feb 1275. Juliana was born about 1263 in Dublin, Dublin, Ireland and died in 1300 about age 37.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 157 F i. Margaret de Clare 221 222 223 224 was born about 1 Apr 1287 in Bunratty Castle, Thomond, Ireland and died between 22 Oct 1333 and 8 Jan 1334.
109. Sir Gilbert de Clare, 9th Earl of Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford 165 171 172 (Sir Richard de Clare, 8th Earl of Clare71, Sir Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Clare, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester46, Amice FitzWilliam, Countess of Gloucester25, William, 2nd Earl of Gloucester14, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 2 Sep 1243 in Christchurch, Hampshire (Dorset), England, died on 7 Dec 1295 in Monmouth Castle, Monmouthshire, Wales at age 52, and was buried on 22 Dec 1295 in Tewkesbury Abbey, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England.
Research Notes: First husband of Joan of Acre.
From Wikipedia - Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford :
Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford and 3rd Earl of Gloucester (2 September 1243 , at Christchurch , Hampshire - 7 December 1295 ) was a powerful English noble. Also known as "Red" Gilbert de Clare, probably because of his hair colour.
Lineage
Gilbert de Clare was the son of Richard de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, and Maud de Lacy , Countess of Lincoln , daughter of John de Lacy and Margaret de Quincy . Gilbert inherited his father's estates in 1262. He took on the titles, including Lord of Glamorgan , from 1263.
Being under age at his father's death, he was made a ward of Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford .
Massacre of the Jews at Canterbury
In April 1264, Gilbert de Clare led the massacre of the Jews at Canterbury [1], as Simon de Montfort had done in Leicester .
Gilbert de Clare's castles of Kingston and Tonbridge were taken by the King, Henry III . However, the King allowed de Clare's Countess Alice de Lusignan , who was in the latter, to go free because she was his niece; but on 12 May de Clare and de Montfort were denounced as traitors.
The Battle of Lewes
Two days later, just before the Battle of Lewes , on 14 May , Simon de Montfort knighted the Earl and his brother Thomas. The Earl commanded the second line of the battle and took the King prisoner, having hamstrung his horse. As Prince Edward had also been captured, Montfort and the Earl were now supreme and de Montfort in effect de facto King of England.
Excommunication
On 20 October 1264 , de Gilbert and his associates were excommunicated by Guy Foulques , and his lands placed under an interdict .
In the following month, by which time they had obtained possession of Gloucester and Bristol , the Earl was proclaimed to be a rebel. However at this point he changed sides as he fell out with de Montfort and the Earl, in order to prevent de Montfort's escape, destroyed ships at the port of Bristol and the bridge over the River Severn at Gloucester .
Having changed sides, de Clare shared the Prince's victory at Kenilworth on 16 July , and in the Battle of Evesham , 4 August , in which de Montfort was slain, he commanded the second division and contributed largely to the victory.
On 24 June 1268 he took the Cross at Northampton in repentance and contrition for his past misdeeds.
Activities as a Marcher Lord
In October 1265, as a reward for supporting Prince Edward, Gilbert was given the castle and title of Abergavenny and honour and castle of Brecknock .
At Michaelmas his disputes with Llewelyn the Last were submitted to arbitration, but without a final settlement. Meanwhile he was building Caerphilly Castle into a fortress. At the end of the year 1268 he refused to obey the King's summons to attend parliament, alleging that, owing to the constant inroads of Llewelyn the Last , his Welsh estates needed his presence for their defence.
At the death of Henry III , 16 November 1272 , the Earl took the lead in swearing fealty to Edward I , who was then in Sicily on his return from the Crusade . The next day, with the Archbishop of York , he entered London and proclaimed peace to all, Christians and Jews , and for the first time, secured the acknowledgment of the right of the King's eldest son to succeed to the throne immediately.
Thereafter he was joint Guardian of England, during the King's absence, and on the new King's arrival in England, in August 1274, entertained him at Tonbridge Castle .
The Welsh war in 1282
During Llywelyn the Last 's Welsh rebellion in 1282, de Clare insisted on leading an attack into southern Wales. King Edward thus made de Clare the commander of the southern army invading Wales. However de Clare's army faced disaster after being heavily defeated at the Battle of Llandeilo Fawr . Following this defeat, de Clare was relieved of his position as the southern commander and was replaced by William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke (who's son had died during the battle).
Marriage and succession
Gilbert's first marriage was to Alice de Lusignan , also known as Alice de Valence, the daughter of Hugh XI of Lusignan and of the family that had now succeeded the Marshal family to the title of the Earl of Pembroke in the person of William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke. They were married in 1253, when Gilbert was ten-years-old. She was of high birth, being a niece of King Henry , but the marriage floundered.
Gilbert and Alice separated in 1267; allegedly, Alice's affections lay with her cousin, Prince Edward . Previous to this, Gilbert and Alice had produced two daughters:
Isabel de Clare (10 March 1262 -1333), married (1) Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick ; (2) Maurice de Berkeley, 2nd Baron Berkeley
Joan de Clare (1264-after 1302), married (1) Duncan Macduff, 7th Earl of Fife ; (2) Gervase Avenel
After his marriage to Alice de Lusignan was finally annulled in 1285, Gilbert was to be married to Joan of Acre , a daughter of King Edward I of England and his first wife Eleanor of Castile . King Edward sought to bind de Clare, and his assets, more closely to the Crown by this means. By the provisions of the marriage contract, their joint possessions and de Clare's extensive lands could only be inherited by a direct descendant, i.e. close to the Crown, and if the marriage proved childless the lands would pass to any children Joan may have by further marriage.
On 3 July 1290 the Earl gave a great banquet at Clerkenwell to celebrate his marriage of 30 April 1290 with Joan of Acre (1272 - 23 April 1307 ). The delay was in getting the Pope to facilitate and agree the arrangement.
Thereafter Gilbert and Joan are said to have taken the Cross and set out for the Holy Land , but in September he signed the Barons' letter to the Pope, and on 2 November surrendered to the King his claim to the advowson of the Bishopric of Llandaff .
Gilbert and Joan had one son - his successor Gilbert, Earl of Gloucester (1291-1314) who was killed at Bannockburn, and 3 daughters: Eleanor (1292-1337) who married firstly Hugh Despencer (The Younger, favourite of her uncle Edward II)-he was executed in 1326, and she married secondly William de la Zouche; Margaret (1293-1342) who married firstly Piers Gaveston (executed in 1312) and then Hugh Audeley; and the youngest Elizabeth de Clare (16 Sep 1295 -04 Nov 1360), who married John de Burgh , 30th Sept 1308, Waltham Abbey, Essex, England, then Theobald of Verdun in 1316, and finally Roger Damory in 1317. Each marriage was brief, produced one child (a son by the 1st, daughters by the 2nd and 3rd), and left her a widow.
Private Marcher War
In the next year, 1291, he quarrelled with the Earl of Hereford , Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford , grandson of his onetime guardian, about the Lordship of Brecknock , where de Bohun accused de Clare of building a castle on his land culminated in a private war between them. Although it was a given right for Marcher Lords to wage private war the King tested this right in this case, first calling them before a court of their Marcher peers, then realising the outcome would be coloured by their likely avoidance of prejudicing one of their greatest rights they were both called before the superior court, the Kings own. At this both were imprisoned by the King, both sentenced to having their lands forfeit for life and de Clare, the Earl of Gloucester , as the aggressor, was fined 10,000 marks, and the Earl of Hereford 1,000 marks.
They were released almost immediately and both of their lands completely restored to them - however they had both been taught a very public lesson and their prestige diminished and the King's authority shown for all.
Death & Burial
He died at Monmouth Castle on 7 December 1295 , and was buried at Tewkesbury Abbey , on the left side of his grandfather Gilbert de Clare .
His extensive lands were enjoyed by his surviving wife Joan of Acre until her death in 1307. Gilbert and Joan had a descendant named Ursula Hildyard of Yorkshire, who in 1596 married (Sir) Richard Jackson of Killingwoldgraves, near Beverley in the East Riding. Jackson died in 1610 and was interred at Bishop Burton. In 1613, James posthumously awarded a coat of arms and a knighthood to Richard for meretorious military service in the Lowlands of Scotland.
Noted events in his life were:
• 3rd Earl of Gloucester:
• 7th Earl of Hertford:
• Knighted: 14 May 1264.
Gilbert married Joan , of Acre 142 143 about 30 Apr 1290 in Westminster Abbey, London, Midlesex, England. Joan was born in 1272 in Acre, Syria and died on 23 Apr 1307 at age 35.
(Duplicate Line. See Person 88)
Gilbert next married Alice de Lusignan 225 on 2 Feb 1253. The marriage ended in divorce. Alice died on 9 Feb 1256.
110. Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale 175 (Isabel de Clare74, Sir Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Clare, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester46, Amice FitzWilliam, Countess of Gloucester25, William, 2nd Earl of Gloucester14, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in Jul 1243 and died in Mar 1304 at age 60.
Robert married someone.
+ 158 M i. Robert Bruce, King of Scotland
111. Rhys-Vaughn Lord of Yestradtywy (Rhys-Mechyllt , of Llandovery Castle76, Joan de Clare49, Amice FitzWilliam, Countess of Gloucester25, William, 2nd Earl of Gloucester14, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1)
Rhys-Vaughn married someone.
+ 159 M i. Rhys-Gloff Lord of Cymcydmaen
112. Margaret de Quincy 115 164 165 (Helen , of Galloway77, Alan , Lord of Galloway50, Roland , Lord of Galloway26, Uchtred , Lord of Galloway15, Elizabeth , Princess of England8, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1218 in <Winchester>, Hampshire, England and died on 12 Mar 1280 at age 62.
Research Notes: 2nd wife of William de Ferrers.
Margaret married Sir William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby 113 114 115 about 1238. William was born about 1193 in <Derbyshire>, England, died on 28 Mar 1254 in Evington, Leicestershire, England about age 61, and was buried on 31 Mar 1254 in Merevale Abbey, Merevale, Warwickshire, England.
Birth Notes: FamilySearch has b. abt 1200
Death Notes: FamilySearch has d. 24 Mar 1254
(Duplicate Line. See Person 68)
113. Elizabeth de Quincey (Helen , of Galloway77, Alan , Lord of Galloway50, Roland , Lord of Galloway26, Uchtred , Lord of Galloway15, Elizabeth , Princess of England8, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1)
Elizabeth married Alexander Comyn, 2nd Earl of Buchan.226 Alexander died in 1289.
Noted events in his life were:
• Justiciar and Constable of Scotland:
Children from this marriage were:
+ 160 M i. John Comyn, Earl of Buchan 226 died in Dec 1308 in England.
+ 161 M ii. Roger Comyn
+ 162 M iii. Alexander Comyn
114. Helen de Quincy, of Brackley 12 179 (Helen , of Galloway77, Alan , Lord of Galloway50, Roland , Lord of Galloway26, Uchtred , Lord of Galloway15, Elizabeth , Princess of England8, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1222 in <Winchester, Hampshire>, England and died Sh. Bef. 20 Aug 1296 in England about age 74.
Research Notes: 3rd daughter, and coheiress, of Roger de Quincy.
Helen married Sir Alan La Zouche 12 151 152 before 1242. Alan was born about 1203 in <Ashby-de-la-Zouche, Leicestershire>, England and died on 10 Aug 1270 in England about age 67.
Death Notes: According to Wikipedia: "As the result of a quarrel over some lands with John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey , he was seriously injured in Westminster Hall by the earl and his retainers, and died on August 10 , 1270 ."
Noted events in his life were:
• Constable of the Tower of London:
• Justice: of Chester. under Henry III
• Justice: of Ireland. under Henry III
(Duplicate Line. See Person 97)
115. Geoffrey de Geneville, Seigneur de Vaucouleurs, Lord of Trim (Simon de Joinville, Sénéchal of Champagne, Seigneur de Vaucouleurs79, Helvis de Dampierre52, Guy I , Vicomte de Troyes28, Isabel de Montlhéry, Viscomtessa de Troyes17, Lithuaise10, Adela , of Normandy3, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1226 and died on 21 Oct 1314 in Trim, Meath, Ireland about age 88.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 71A-30
Geoffrey married Maud de Lacy 227 in 1252. Maud was born in 1230 in Dublin, Leinster, Ireland and died on 11 Apr 1304 in Trim Castle, Meath, Ireland at age 74.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 163 M i. Sir Piers de Geneville, Lord of Walterstone-Saunton-Lacy died on 8 Jun 1292.
116. John de Geneville, Sénéschal of Champagne (Simon de Joinville, Sénéchal of Champagne, Seigneur de Vaucouleurs79, Helvis de Dampierre52, Guy I , Vicomte de Troyes28, Isabel de Montlhéry, Viscomtessa de Troyes17, Lithuaise10, Adela , of Normandy3, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1)
Ninth Generation 117. Jeanne of Navarre 181 (Blanche , of Artois80, Robert I "the Good" , Count of Artois53, Blanche , of Castile29, Eleanor , of England18, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in Jan 1272 and died on 2 Apr 1305 at age 33.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Isabella of France.
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 45-31.
Jeanne married Philip IV , King of France 228 on 16 Aug 1284 in Paris, (Île-de-France), France. Philip was born in 1268 in Fontainebleau and died on 29 Nov 1314 at age 46.
Noted events in his life were:
• Crowned: King of France, 1285.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 164 F i. Isabella of France 200 201 was born about 1295 in Paris, (Île-de-France), France and died on 22 Aug 1358 about age 63.
+ 165 M ii. Charles IV of France
118. Eleanor of Lancaster 185 186 (Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester82, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester54, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1318 in England, died on 11 Jan 1372 in Arundel Castle, West Sussex, England about age 54, and was buried in Lewes Priory, Lewes, Sussex, England.
Research Notes: Second wife of Richard (FitzAlan) d'Arundel.
From Wikipedia - Eleanor of Lancaster :
Eleanor of Lancaster (sometimes called Eleanor Plantagenet 1) (about 1315 - 11 January 1372 ) was born as the fifth daughter of Henry, Earl of Lancaster (c. 1281-1345) and his wife Maud Chaworth (1282-1322).
First marriage and offspring
Sometime between September 1 and November 6 , 1330 , she married John de Beaumont, 2nd Lord Beaumont , son of Henry Beaumont, 4th Earl of Buchan (c. 1288 - 1340) and his wife Alice Comyn (c. 1291-1349). They had two children:
Henry Beaumont, 3rd Lord Beaumont , born 1340
Matilda Beaumont (died July 1467), married Hugh de Courtenay
Eleanor was a lady-in-waiting to Queen Philippa , and was in service to her in Ghent when her son Henry was born. John de Beaumont died in a tournament on 14 April 1342 .
Second marriage
On 5 February 1344 at Ditton Church , Stoke Poges , Buckinghamshire , she married Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel (9th Earl of Arundel per Ancestral Roots), 4th Earl of Surrey, known by the soubriquet of "Copped Hat", Justiciar of North Wales, Governor of Carnarvon Castle, Admiral of the West.2
His previous marriage, to Isabel le Despenser , had taken place when they were children. It was annulled by Papal mandate as she, since her father's attainder and execution, had ceased to be of any importance to him. Pope Clement VI obligingly annulled the marriage, bastardized the issue, and provided a dispensation for his second marriage to the woman with whom he had been living in adultery (the dispensation, dated 4 March 1344 /1345 , was required because his first and second wives were first cousins).
The children of Eleanor's second marriage were:
Richard (1346-1397), who succeeded as Earl of Arundel
John Fitzalan (bef 1349-1379)
Thomas Arundel , Archbishop of York (c. 1345-February 19 , 1413 )
Joan Fitzalan (bef. 1351-April 17 , 1419 ), married Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford
Alice Fitzalan (1352 -March 17 , 1416 ), married Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent (Thomas Holand)
Eleanor died at Arundel and was buried at Lewes Priory in Lewes , Sussex , England. Her husband was buried beside her; in his will Richard requests to be buried "near to the tomb of Eleanor de Lancaster, my wife; and I desire that my tomb be no higher than hers, that no men at arms, horses, hearse, or other pomp, be used at my funeral, but only five torches...as was about the corpse of my wife, be allowed."
Sources
Notes
Eleanor married John de Beaumont, Earl of Buchan, 2nd Lord Beaumont 229 230 on 6 Nov 1330.231 John was born in 1318 and died on 14 Apr 1342 at age 24.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 166 M i. Henry Beaumont, 3rd Lord Beaumont was born in 1340.
+ 167 F ii. Matilda Beaumont died in Jul 1467.
Eleanor next married Sir Richard "Copped Hat" FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel and Warenne 232 233 234 on 5 Feb 1345 in Ditton Church, Stokes Poges, Buckinghamshire, England. Richard was born about 1313, died on 24 Jan 1376 in Arundel, West Sussex, England about age 63, and was buried in Lewes Priory, Lewes, Sussex, England.
Marriage Notes: Wikipedia
Noted events in his life were:
• Earl of Arundel: 1331.
• Lord of Bromfield (Wrexham) and Yale: 30 Jun 1347. upon the death of his uncle, John II de Warenne.
• Inherited: castles of Caerleon (Holt) and Dinas Bran, 30 Jun 1347.
• Did homage: to Edward III, 24 Oct 1353. for Bromfield and Yale as immediately subject to the Crown.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 168 M i. Sir Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel & 10th Earl of Surrey 235 236 237 238 was born in 1346 in <Arundel, West Sussex>, England and died on 21 Sep 1397 in Cheapside, London, England at age 51.
+ 169 M ii. John FitzAlan, 1st Baron Arundel and Lord Maltravers 239 240 was born about 1348 in Etchingham, Sussex, England and died on 16 Dec 1379 about age 31.
+ 170 M iii. Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of York 185 was born about 1350 and died on 19 Feb 1413 about age 63.
+ 171 F iv. Joan FitzAlan 241 was born about 1348, died on 17 Apr 1419 about age 71, and was buried in Walden Abbey, Essex, England.
+ 172 F v. Alice FitzAlan 185 was born in 1350 and died on 17 Mar 1416 at age 66.
119. Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster 187 (Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester82, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester54, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1310 and died on 23 Mar 1361 about age 51.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Alice Comyn :
Isabel de Beaumont (c.1320- 1361), married in 1337 Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster , by whom she had two daughters, Maud, Countess of Leicester and Blanche of Lancaster .
-----
From Wikipedia - Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster :
Henry of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster[a] (c.1310 - 23 March 1361), also Earl of Derby and Leicester, was a member of the English nobility in the 14th century, and a prominent English diplomat , politician , and soldier . The son and heir of Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster and Maud Chaworth , he became one of Edward III 's most trusted Captains in the early phases of the Hundred Years' War , and distinguished himself with victory in the Battle of Auberoche . He was a founding member of the Order of the Garter , and in 1351 was promoted to the title of duke. Grosmont was also the author of the book Livre de seyntz medicines; a highly personal devotional treatise. He is remembered as one of the founders and early patrons of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge , which was established by two of the guilds of the town in 1352.
Family background and early life
Grosmont's uncle, Thomas of Lancaster , was the son and heir of Edward I 's brother Edmund Crouchback . Through his inheritance and a fortunate marriage, Thomas became the wealthiest peer in England, but constant quarrels with King Edward II led to his execution in 1322.[1] Having no heir, Thomas's possessions and titles went to his younger brother Henry - Grosmont's father. Earl Henry of Lancaster assented to the deposition of Edward II in 1327, but did not long stay in favour with the regency of Queen Isabella and Roger Mortimer . When Edward III took personal control of the government in 1330, relations with the Crown got better, but by this time the older Henry was already struggling with poor health and blindness.[2]
Little is known of Grosmont's early years, but it seems clear that he was born at the castle of Grosmont in Monmouthshire , and that he was born c.1310, not around the turn of the century as previously held.[3] According to his own memoirs he was better at the martial arts than at academic subjects, and did not learn to read until later in life.[4] In 1330 he was knighted, and represented his father in parliament . The next year he is recorded as participating in a Royal tournament , at Cheapside .[3]
In 1333 he took part in Edward's Scottish campaign, though it is unclear whether he was present at the great English victory at the Battle of Halidon Hill .[5] After further service in the north , he was appointed the King's lieutenant in Scotland in 1336.[3] The next year he was one of the six men Edward III promoted to the higher levels of the peerage. One of his father's lesser titles, that of Earl of Derby , was bestowed upon Grosmont.[6]
Service in France
With the outbreak of the Hundred Years' War in 1337, Grosmont's attention was turned towards France . He took part in several diplomatic missions and minor campaigns, and was present at the great English victory in the naval battle of Sluys in 1340.[7] Later the same year, he was required to commit himself as hostage in the Low Countries for the king's considerable debts. He remained hostage until the next year, and had to pay a large ransom for his own release.[8] On his return he was made the king's lieutenant in the north, and stayed at Roxburgh until 1342. The next years he spent in diplomatic negotiations in the Low Countries, Castile and Avignon .[3]
In 1345 Edward III was planning a major assault on France. A three-pronged attack would have the Earl of Northampton attacking from Brittany , the King himself from Flanders , while Grosmont was dispatched to Aquitaine to prepare a campaign in the south.[3] Moving rapidly through the country he confronted the comte d'Isle at Auberoche on 21 October , and here achieved a victory described as 'the greatest single achievement of Lancaster's entire military career'.[9] The ransom from the prisoners has been estimated at £50,000.[10] The next year, while Edward was carrying out his Crécy campaign, Grosmont laid siege to, and captured, Poitiers , before returning home to England in 1347.[3]
Duke of Lancaster
In 1345, while Grosmont was in France, his father died. The younger Henry was now Earl of Lancaster - the wealthiest and most powerful peer of the realm. After participating in the siege of Calais in 1347, the king honoured Lancaster by including him as a founding knight of the Order of the Garter in 1348.[11] A few years later, in 1351, Edward bestowed an even greater honour on Lancaster, when he created him Duke of Lancaster . The title of duke was of relatively new origin in England; only one other ducal title existed prior.[b] In addition to this, Lancaster was given palatinate status for the county of Lancashire , which entailed a separate administration independent of the crown.[12] This grant was quite exceptional in English history; only two other counties palatine existed: Durham , which was an ancient ecclesiastical palatinate, and Chester , which was crown property. It is a sign of Edward's high regard for Lancaster that he would bestow such extensive privileges on him. The two men were also second cousins, through their great-grandfather Henry III , and practically coeval (Edward was born in 1312), so it is natural to assume that a strong sense of camaraderie existed between them. Another factor that might have influenced the king's decision was the fact that Henry had no male heir, so the grant was made for the Earl's lifetime only, and not intended to be hereditary.[3]
Further prestige
Lancaster spent the 1350s intermittently campaigning and negotiating peace treaties with the French. In 1350 he was present at the naval victory at Winchelsea , where he allegedly saved the lives of the Black Prince and John of Gaunt .[13] The years 1351-2 he spent on crusade in Prussia . It was here that a quarrel with Otto, Duke of Brunswick , almost led to a duel between the two men, narrowly averted by the intervention of the French King, Jean II .[14] In the later half of the decade campaigning in France resumed. After a chevauchée in Normandy in 1356 and the siege of Rennes in 1358, Lancaster participated in the last great offensive of the first phase of the Hundred Years' War: the Rheims campaign of 1359-60. Then he was appointed principal negotiator for the treaty of Brétigny , where the English achieved very favourable terms.[3]
Returning to England in November 1360 he fell ill early the next year, and died at Leicester Castle on 23 March . It is likely that the cause of death was the plague , which that year was making a second visitation of England.[15]
Private life
Lancaster was married to Isabella, daughter of Henry, Lord Beaumont , in 1330. The two had no sons, but two daughters: Maude and Blanche . While Maude was married to the Duke of Bavaria , Blanche married Edward III's younger son, John of Gaunt . Gaunt ended up inheriting Lancaster's possessions and ducal title, but it was not until 1377, when the dying King Edward III was largely incapacitated, that he was able to restore the palatinate rights for the county of Lancaster. When Gaunt's son Henry of Bolingbroke usurped the crown in 1399 and became Henry IV, the vast Lancaster inheritance was merged with the crown as the Duchy of Lancaster .[16]
We know more of Lancaster's character than of most of his contemporaries, through his memoirs the Livre de seyntz medicines (Book of the Holy Doctors). This book is a highly personal treatise on matters of religion and piety, but it also contains details of historical interest. It is, among other things, revealed that Lancaster, at the age of 44 when he wrote the book in 1354, suffered from gout .[3] The book is primarily a devotional work though; it is organized around seven wounds which Henry claims to have, representing the seven sins. Lancaster confesses to his sins, explains various real and mythical medical remedies in terms of their theological symbolism, and exhorts the reader to greater morality.[17]
Henry married Isabel de Beaumont 231 in 1337.231 Isabel was born about 1320 and died in 1361 about age 41.
120. Blanche of Lancaster 188 (Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester82, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester54, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1305 and died before 12 Jul 1380.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Maud Chaworth :
Blanche of Lancaster , (about 1302/05-1380); Maud's eldest daughter was probably born between 1302 and 1305, and was named after her father's mother Blanche of Artois . Around 9 October 1316, she married Thomas Wake , the second baron of Liddell. Blanch was about forty-five when Thomas died and lived as a widow for more than thirty years. She was one of the executers of her brother Henry's will when he died in 1361. Blanche outlived all her siblings, dying shortly before 12 July 1380 in her mid to late seventies. Born in the reign of Edward I, she survived all the way into the reign of his great grandson Richard II.
121. Maud of Lancaster 188 (Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester82, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester54, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1310 and died about 1377 about age 67.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Maud Chaworth :
Maud of Lancaster, (about 1310-1345)There is some discrepancy as to when Maud died. Another possible date of her death is 1377[3]
married William de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster in 1327. They bore one child, Elizabeth de Burgh who was born 6 July 1332. Eleven months after the birth of their child, Earl William was murdered at "Le Ford" in Belfast, apparently by some of his own men. The countess Maud fled to England with her baby and stayed with the royal family. In 1337, Maud of Lancaster managed to ensure that the Justiciar of Ireland was forbidden to pardon her husband's killers. She fought for her dower rights and exerted some influence there. She remarried in 1344 to Ralph Ufford and returned to Ireland where she had another daughter, Maud. After her second husband fell ill in 1346, she again returned to England. Maud of Lancaster died on May 5, 1345/77.
122. Joan of Lancaster 189 (Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester82, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester54, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1312 and died on 7 Jul 1345 in Yorkshire, England about age 33.
Death Notes: Died of the plague
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Joan of Lancaster :
Joan of Lancaster (c. 1310 - 7 July 1345) is also called Joan Plantagenet after her family's name. She married John de Mowbray, 3rd Baron Mowbray on 28 February 1326 or 1327, then died in Yorkshire , England, of the plague.[1]
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From Wikipedia - Maud Chaworth :
Joan of Lancaster , (about 1312-1345); married between February 28 and June 4, 1327 to John, Lord Mowbray . John's father was horribly executed for reasons unknown and young John was imprisoned in the Tower of London along with his mother Alice de Braose, until late 1326. A large part of his inheritance was granted to Hugh Despenser the Younger, who was his future wife's uncle; however he was set free in 1327 before the marriage. Joan of Lancaster probably died in her early thirties, sometime before August 1344.
123. Isabel of Lancaster, Abess of Ambresbury (Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester82, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester54, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1317 and died after 1347.
124. Mary of Lancaster 188 (Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester82, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester54, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1320 and died on 1 Sep 1362 about age 42.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Maud Chaworth :
Mary of Lancaster, (about 1320-1362); married Henry, Lord Percy before September 4, 1334 who fought at the battle of Crecy in 1346, and served in Gascony under the command of his brother in law Henry of Grosmont. Their son was Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland . Mary of Lancaster died on 1 September 1362, the year after her brother Henry.
125. Sir William de Bohun, K.G., 1st Earl of Northampton 193 194 (Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England86, King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1311 and died on 16 Sep 1360 about age 49.
Research Notes: He was the twin of Edward de Bohun.
From Wikipedia - William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton:
He was the fifth son of Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford and Elizabeth of Rhuddlan . He had a twin brother, Edward. His maternal grandparents were Edward I of England and his first Queen consort Eleanor of Castile .
In 1332 he received many new properties: Hinton and Spaine in Berkshire; Hasley, Ascot, Dedington, Pyrton and Kirklington in Oxfordshire; Wincomb in Buckinghamshire; Longbenington in Lincolnshire; Kneesol in Bottinghamshire; Newnsham in Gloucestershire, Wix in Essex, and Bosham in Sussex. He was created Earl of Northampton in 1337 , adding to the titles of Count of Hereford and Essex.
In 1339 he accompanied the King to Flanders. He served variously in Brittany and in Scotland , and was present at the great English victories at Sluys and was a commander at Crécy .
In addition to being a warrior, William was also a renowned diplomat. He negotiated two treaties with France, one in 1343 and one in 1350. He was also charged with negotiating in Scotland for the freedom of David Bruce, prisoner of the English.
De Bohun was succeeded by his son Humphrey , who also succeeded his uncle and became 7th earl of Hereford. His daughter Elizabeth de Bohun was married to Richard Fitzalan, 11th Earl of Arundel .
Noted events in his life were:
• 6th Earl of Northampton: 16 Mar 1337.
William married Elizabeth de Badlesmere.222 242 243 244 Elizabeth was born about 1313 in Castle Badlesmere, Kent, England, died on 8 Jun 1356 about age 43, and was buried in Walden Abbey, Essex, England.
Death Notes: Wikipedia (or some other source) has d. 8 Jun 1356. This contradicts Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry, Edited by Thomas Allen Glenn at the request of Howard Reifsnyder, privately printed, Philadelphia, 1902, provided by http://books.google.com, pp. 49, which has 5 Jun 1378, taken from the inscription on a table in Black Friars church, London.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 173 F i. Elizabeth de Bohun, Countess of Arundel 237 245 246 was born about 1350 and died on 3 Apr 1385 about age 35.
+ 174 M ii. Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford, Earl of Essex & Northampton 247 248 was born in 1342, died on 16 Jan 1373 at age 31, and was buried in Walden Abbey, Essex, England.
126. Eleanor de Bohun 195 (Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England86, King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in Oct 1304 and died on 7 Oct 1363 at age 59.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 7-30
Also Source: Wikipedia - Elizabeth of Rhuddlan
Eleanor married James le Botiller, 1st Earl of Ormond 249 in 1327. James was born about 1305 and died on 6 Jan 1338 about age 33.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 175 M i. James Botiller, 2nd Earl of Ormond was born on 4 Oct 1331 in Kilkenny, Ireland and died in 1382 at age 51.
+ 176 F ii. Petronilla Botiller 250 died about 1368.
127. John de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford (Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England86, King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 23 Nov 1306 and died in 1335 at age 29.
128. Humphrey de Bohun, 6th Earl of Hereford 196 (Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England86, King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 6 Dec 1309, died on 15 Oct 1361 in Pleshey Castle, Essex, England at age 51, and was buried in Friars Augustine, London.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Humphrey de Bohun, 6th Earl of Hereford :
Humphrey de Bohun, 6th Earl of Hereford, 5th Earl of Essex (6 December 1309 - 15 October 1361 ) was a Lord High Constable of England.
Lineage
He was born to Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford and Elizabeth Plantagenet and a younger brother of John de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford . He succeeded his elder brother as Earl of Hereford and Essex upon his death on 20 January 1336. He also succeeded John as the Lord High Constable of England , the seventh highest office of the State.
Death & Burial
After his death in Pleshey , Essex he was buried in Friars Augustine , London . The Earldoms of Hereford and Essex were passed to his nephew, Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford , the son of his younger brother William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton , who predeceased him.
129. Margaret de Bohun 113 197 (Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England86, King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 3 Apr 1311 in Caldecote, Northamptonshire, England, died on 16 Dec 1391 in Exeter, Devonshire, England at age 80, and was buried in Exeter Cathedral, Devonshire, England.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Margaret de Bohun, 2nd Countess of Devon :
Margaret de Bohun, 2nd Countess of Devon (3 April 1311 - 16 December 1391 ) was an English noblewoman of the fourteenth century who lived most of her life in the county of Devonshire . She was a granddaughter of King Edward I of England and Eleanor of Castile . Her eighteen children included an Archbishop of Canterbury and six knights.
Family and marriage
Lady Margaret de Bohun was born on 3 April 1311 at Caldecote, Northampton , the third daughter and sixth child of Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford , Lord Constable of England and Elizabeth of Rhuddlan . Her paternal grandparents were Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford and Maud de Fiennes , and her maternal grandparents were King Edward I of England and Eleanor of Castile .
Margaret was left an orphan shortly before her tenth birthday. On 16 March 1321 at The Battle of Boroughbridge , her father was brutally murdered in an ambush by the Welsh. Her mother had died five years previously in childbirth.
She, along with her siblings, received a classical education under a Sicilian Greek, Master Diogenes. As a result, Margaret became a lifelong scholar, and avid book collector.
At the age of fourteen, on 11 August 1325 Lady Margaret married Hugh Courtenay, 2nd Earl of Devon (12 July 1303 - 2 May 1377 ). She had been betrothed to him since 27 September 1314 . He was the son of Hugh Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon and Agnes St.John. Part of her dowry was the manor of Powderham, near Exeter . Margaret assumed the title of 2nd Countess of Devon on 23 December 1340 .
Her eldest brother John de Bohun (23 November 1306 -20 January 1336 ) succeeded as 5th Earl of Hereford in 1326, having married Alice Fitzalan of Arundel in 1325. She had a younger brother William de Bohun (1312- 1360), who was created 1st Earl of Northampton in 1337 by King Edward III . He married Elizabeth de Badlesmere , by whom he had two children. Margaret's elder sister Lady Eleanor de Bohun (17 October 1304 -7 October 1363 ), married in 1327, her first husband, James Butler, 1st Earl of Ormonde . They were the ancestors of Anne Boleyn .
Hugh and Margaret had a total of eighteen children. More than half reached adulthood. Their notable descendants include Charles, Prince of Wales , and British Prime Minister , Sir Winston Churchill .
List of Children
Sir Hugh Courtenay KG (22 March 1327 Tiverton Castle, Devon -2 September 1349 ), married 1341 Lady Elizabeth Brian (died 23 September 1375 , daughter of Guy Brian, Lord of Tor-Brian. Together they had one son, Hugh.(Born 1343).
Sir Edward Courtenay of Godlington.(1329- 1372), married in 1356 Emmeline Dauney, by whom he had issue.
Margaret Courtenay.(1328 - 2 August 1385 ), married John Cobham, 3rd Lord Cobham by whom she had issue.
Sir Thomas Courtenay (1331- before 1374)
Sir Phillip Courtenay of Powderham, Lord Deputy of Ireland . (1340 - 29 July 1406 ), married Anne Wake by whom he had issue, including Richard Courtenay, Bishop of Norwich .
Elizabeth Courtenay. (c.1333- 7 August 1395 ), married firstly, John de Vere (1335-1350); she married secondly in 1359, Sir Andrew Luttrell by whom she had issue.
Catherine Courtenay.(1335-31 December 1399. She was married three times: William Mohun , Thomas Engain , and Lord William Harrington
Joan Courtenay. (born 1337), married John Chiverton
Matilda Courtenay (born 1339)
Eleanor Courtenay
Guinora Courtenay (born 1348)
Isabel Courtenay (born 1353)
Philippa Courtenay (born 1357)
William Courtenay (1342 St. Martin's, Exeter- 31 July 1396), Archbishop of Canterbury, and previously of London (1381-1396)
John Courtenay (born 1346)
Sir Peter Courtenay, Constable of Windsor(1349 -2 February 1404 ), married Margaret Clyveden
Sir Humphrey Courtenay (born c.1355)
Anne Courtenay (born 1351), died unmarried.
Death
Margaret died on 16 December 1391 at the age of eighty. She is buried in Exeter Cathedral .
Margaret married Hugh de Courtenay 113 on 11 Aug 1325. Hugh was born on 12 Jul 1303 in Okehampton, Devonshire, England, died on 2 May 1377 in Exeter, Devonshire, England at age 73, and was buried in Exeter Cathedral, Devonshire, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 177 F i. Margaret Courtenay 113 was born about 1326 in <Exeter, Devonshire>, England, died on 2 Aug 1385 about age 59, and was buried on 2 Aug 1385 in Cobham, Kent, England.
130. Edward de Bohun 192 (Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England86, King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1312 and died in 1334 at age 22.
Research Notes: Twin of William de Bohun
131. Eneas de Bohun (Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England86, King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1313 and died after 1322.
Death Notes: Sources have varying death dates. One has aft 1322. Another has 1343.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Elizabeth of Rhuddlan
132. Agnes de Bohun (Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England86, King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in Nov 1309.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Elizabeth of Rhuddlan
133. Edward I of Bar, Comte de Bar (Eleanor , of England87, King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1284 and died in 1336 at age 52.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Eleanor of England (1269-1298)
134. Eleanor (Eleanor , of England87, King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1285.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Eleanor of England (1269-1298)
Eleanor married Llywelyn ap Owain ap Maredudd. Llywelyn died in 1309.
135. Jeanne (Eleanor , of England87, King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1295 and died in 1361 at age 66.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Eleanor of England (1269-1298)
136. Eleanor de Clare 165 198 199 (Joan , of Acre88, King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 3 Oct 1292 in Caerphilly, Glamorgan, Wales, died on 30 Jun 1337 at age 44, and was buried in Tewkesbury, Wiltshire, England.
Research Notes: Wikipedia - Eleanor de Clare :
Eleanor de Clare (3 October 1292 - June 30 , 1337 ) was the wife of the powerful Hugh Despenser the younger . She was born in 1292 at Caerphilly in Glamorgan , Wales . She was the eldest daughter of Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford and 3rd Earl of Gloucester , and Joan of Acre , daughter of Edward I and Eleanor of Castile ; thus she was a granddaughter to Edward I of England . With her sisters, Elizabeth de Clare and Margaret de Clare , she inherited her father's estates after the death of her brother, Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Gloucester at Bannockburn in 1314.
Marriage to Hugh Desepenser the younger
In May 1306 at Westminster , Eleanor married Hugh Despenser the younger , the son of Hugh le Despenser, Earl of Winchester and Isabel Beauchamp , daughter of William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick . Her grandfather, King Edward I of England , granted Eleanor a maritagium of 2,000 pounds sterling. Eleanor and Hugh had nine children:
Hugh le Despenser III (1308-1349)
Gilbert le Despenser , (1309- 1381).
Edward le Despenser , (1310 - 1342), soldier, killed at the siege of Vannes [1]; father of Edward II le Despenser , Knight of the Garter
John le Despenser , (1311 - June 1366).
Isabel le Despenser (1312-1356), married Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel
Eleanor le Despenser , (c. 1315 - 1351), nun at Sempringham Priory
Joan le Despenser , (c. 1317 - 1384), nun at Shaftesbury Abbey
Margaret le Despenser , (c. 1319 - 1337, nun at Whatton Priory
Elizabeth le Despenser , born 1325, died July 13 , 1389 , married Maurice de Berkeley, 4th Baron Berkeley .
Eleanor's husband rose to prominence as the new favourite of her uncle, King Edward II of England . The king strongly favoured Hugh and Eleanor, visiting them often and granting them many gifts. One foreign chronicler even alleged that Edward was involved in a ménage à trois with his niece and her husband. Whatever the truth, Eleanor's fortunes changed drastically after the invasion of Isabella of France and Roger Mortimer . Hugh le Despenser was gruesomely executed.
Imprisonment
In November 1326, Eleanor was confined to the Tower of London . The Despenser family's fortunes also suffered with the executions of Eleanor's husband and father-in-law. Eleanor and Hugh's eldest son, another Hugh, who held Caerphilly Castle against the queen's forces until the spring of 1327, was spared his life when he surrendered the castle but remained a prisoner until July 1331, after which he was slowly restored to royal favor. Three of Eleanor's daughters were forcibly veiled as nuns. Only the eldest daughter, Isabel, and the youngest daughter, Elizabeth, escaped the nunnery, Isabel because she was already married and Elizabeth on account of her infancy.
In February 1328 Eleanor was freed from imprisonment. In April 1328, she was allowed possession of her own lands, for which she did homage.
Marriage to William de la Zouche
Eleanor was abducted from Hanley Castle in January, 1329, by William de la Zouche , who had been one of her husband's captors and who had led the siege of Caerphilly Castle. The abduction may in fact have been an elopement; in any case, Eleanor's lands were seized by the King, Edward III , and the couple was ordered to be arrested. At the same time, Eleanor was accused of stealing jewels from the Tower. Sometime after February 1329, she was imprisoned a second time in the Tower of London; later, she was moved to Devizes Castle . In January 1330, she was released and pardoned after agreeing to sign away the most valuable part of her share of the lucrative Clare inheritance to the crown. She could recover her lands only on the condition that she pay the enormous sum of 50,000 pounds in a single day.
Within the year, however, the young Edward III overthrew Queen Isabella's paramour, Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, and had him executed. Eleanor was among those who benefited from the fall of Mortimer and Isabella. She petitioned Edward III for the restoration of her lands, claiming that she had signed them away after being threatened by Roger Mortimer that she would never be freed if she did not. In 1331, Edward III granted her petition "to ease the king's conscience" and allowed her to recover the lands on the condition that she pay a fine of 10,000 pounds, later reduced to 5,000 pounds, in installments. Eleanor made payments on the fine, but the bulk of it was outstanding at the time of her death.
Eleanor's troubles were by no means over, however. After Eleanor's marriage to Zouche, Sir John Grey, 1st Baron Grey claimed that he had married her first. Grey was still attempting to claim Eleanor in 1333; the case was appealed to the Pope several times. Ultimately, Zouche won the dispute. Eleanor remained with him until his death in February 1337, only a few months before Eleanor's own death. Eleanor and William had children:
William de la Zouche, born 1330, died after 1360, a monk at Glastonbury Abbey .
Joyce Zouche, born 1331, died after 4 May 1372 , married John de Botetourt, 2nd Lord Botetourt.
Tewkesbury Abbey Renovations
Hugh le Despenser the younger and Eleanor are generally credited with beginning the renovations to Tewkesbury Abbey that transformed it into the fine example of the decorated style of architecture that it is today. The famous fourteenth-century stained-glass windows in the choir, which include the armor-clad figures of Eleanor's ancestors, brother, and two husbands, were most likely Eleanor's own contribution, although she probably did not live to see them put in place. The nude, kneeling woman watching the Last Judgment in the choir's east window may represent Eleanor.
Eleanor married Sir Hugh le Despenser, Baron Despenser 251 252 253 after 14 Jun 1306. Hugh was born in 1286, died on 24 Nov 1326 in Hereford, Herefordshire, England at age 40, and was buried after 15 Dec 1330 in Tewkesbury Abbey, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England.
Death Notes: Hanged and quartered for teason
Children from this marriage were:
+ 178 F i. Isabel le Despenser 254 255 was born in 1312 and died in 1356 at age 44.
+ 179 M ii. Philip Le Despenser, of Stoke, Gloucestershire 253 was born about 1244 in <Gloucestershire, > England and died on 24 Sep 1313 about age 69.
Eleanor next married William La Zouche 256 in 1327. William died in 1337.
137. Edward III King of England 202 203 204 (King Edward II , of England90, King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 13 Nov 1312 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England and died on 21 Jun 1377 in Sheen Palace, Richmond, Surrey, England at age 64.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Edward III of England :
Edward III (13 November 1312 - 21 June 1377) was one of the most successful English monarchs of the Middle Ages . Restoring royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II , Edward III went on to transform the Kingdom of England into the most efficient military power in Europe. His reign saw vital developments in legislature and government-in particular the evolution of the English parliament-as well as the ravages of the Black Death . He remained on the throne for 50 years; no English monarch had reigned for as long since Henry III , and none would again until George III , as King of the United Kingdom .
Edward was crowned at the age of fourteen, following the deposition of his father. When he was only seventeen years old, he led a coup against his regent , Roger Mortimer , and began his personal reign. After defeating, but not subjugating, the Kingdom of Scotland , he declared himself rightful heir to the French throne in 1338, starting what would be known as the Hundred Years' War . Following some initial setbacks, the war went exceptionally well for England; the victories of Crécy and Poitiers led up to the highly favourable Treaty of Brétigny . Edward's later years, however, were marked by international failure and domestic strife, largely as a result of his inertia and eventual bad health.
Edward III was a temperamental man, but also capable of great clemency. He was, in most ways, a conventional king, mainly interested in warfare. Highly revered in his own time and for centuries after, Edward was denounced as an irresponsible adventurer by later Whig historians . This view has turned, and modern historiography credits him with many achievements[citation needed ].
Biography
Early life
Edward was born at Windsor on 13 November 1312, and was called "Edward of Windsor" in his early years. The reign of his father, Edward II , was fraught with military defeat, rebellious barons and corrupt courtiers, but the birth of a male heir in 1312 temporarily strengthened Edward II's position on the throne.[1] To further this end, in what was probably an attempt by his father to shore up royal supremacy after years of discontent, Edward was created Earl of Chester at the age of only twelve days, and less than two months later, his father gave him a full household of servants for his court, so he could live independently as if he were a full adult Nobleman.[2]
On 20 January 1327, when the young Edward was fourteen years old his mother the queen Isabella , and her lover Roger Mortimer deposed the king. Edward, now Edward III, was crowned on 1 February, with Isabella and Mortimer as regents . Mortimer, the de facto ruler of England, subjected the young king to constant disrespect and humiliation. On 24 January 1328 the fifteen year old king married sixteen year old Philippa of Hainault at York Minster .[3]
Mortimer knew his position was precarious, especially after Philippa had a son on 15 June 1330.[4] Mortimer used his power to acquire noble estates and titles, many of them belonging to Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel . FitzAlan, who had remained loyal to Edward II in his struggle with Isabella and Mortimer, had been executed on 17 November 1326. However Mortimer's greed and arrogance caused many of the other nobles to hate him; all this was not lost on the young king.
The young, headstrong King had never forgotten the fate of his father, or how he himself had been treated as a child. At almost 18 years old, Edward was ready to take his revenge. On the 19 October 1330, Mortimer and Isabella were sleeping at Nottingham Castle . Under the cover of night, a group loyal to Edward entered the fortress through a secret passageway and burst into Mortimer's quarters. Those conducting the coup arrested Mortimer in the name of the King and he was taken to the Tower of London . Stripped of his land and titles, he was hauled before the 17 year-old King and accused of assuming royal authority over England. Edward's mother-presumably pregnant with Mortimer's child-begged her son for mercy to no avail. Without trial, Edward sentenced Mortimer to death one month after the coup. As Mortimer was executed, Edward's mother was exiled in Castle Rising where she reportedly miscarried. By his 18th birthday, Edward's vengeance was complete and he became de facto ruler of England.
Early reign
Edward chose to renew the military conflict with the Kingdom of Scotland in which his father and grandfather had engaged with varying success. Edward repudiated the Treaty of Northampton that had been signed during the regency, thus renewing claims of English sovereignty over Scotland and resulting in the Second War of Scottish Independence .
Intending to regain what the English had conceded, he won back control of Berwick and secured a decisive English victory at the Battle of Halidon Hill in 1333 against the forces of the boy-king David II of Scotland . Edward III was now in a position to put Edward Balliol on the throne of Scotland and claim a reward of 2,000 librates of land in the southern counties - the Lothians, Roxburghshire, Berwickshire, Dumfriesshire, Lanarkshire and Peebleshire. Despite the victories of Dupplin and Halidon, the Bruce party soon started to recover and by the close of 1335 and the Battle of Culblean , the Plantagenet occupation was in difficulties and the Balliol party was fast losing ground.
At this time, in 1336, Edward III's brother John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall died. John of Fordun 's Gesta Annalia is alone in claiming that Edward killed his brother in a quarrel at Perth .
Although Edward III committed very large armies to Scottish operations, by 1337 the vast majority of Scotland had been recovered by the forces of David II, leaving only a few castles such as Edinburgh, Roxburgh and Stirling in Plantagenet possession. These installations were not adequate to impose Edward's rule and by 1338/9 Edward had moved from a policy of conquest to one of containment.
Edward faced military problems on two fronts; the challenge from the French monarchy was of no less concern. The French represented a problem in three areas: first, they provided constant support to the Scottish through the Franco-Scottish alliance . Philip VI protected David II in exile, and supported Scottish raids in Northern England . Second, the French attacked several English coastal towns, leading to rumours in England of a full-scale invasion.[5] Finally, the English king's possessions in France were under threat-in 1337, Philip VI confiscated the duchy of Aquitaine and the county of Ponthieu .
Instead of seeking a peaceful solution to the conflict by paying homage to the French king, Edward laid claim to the French crown as the only living male descendant of his deceased maternal grandfather, Philip IV . The French, however, invoked the Salic law of succession and rejected the claim, pronouncing Philip IV's nephew, Philip VI, the true heir (see below ) and thereby setting the stage for the Hundred Years' War , by incorporating England's coat of arms, rampant lions, and France's coat of arms, the fleurs de lys, and he, in so doing, declared himself king of both England and France.[6]
In the war against France, Edward built alliances and fought by proxy through minor French princes. In 1338, Louis IV named him vicar-general of the Holy Roman Empire , and promised his support. These measures, however, produced few results; the only major military gain made in this phase of the war was the English naval victory at Sluys on 24 June 1340, where 16,000 French soldiers and sailors died.
Meanwhile, the fiscal pressure on the kingdom caused by Edward's expensive alliances led to discontent at home. In response he returned unannounced on 30 November 1340. Finding the affairs of the realm in disorder, he purged the royal administration.[7] These measures did not bring domestic stability, however, and a standoff ensued between the king and John de Stratford , the Archbishop of Canterbury .
Edward, at the Parliament of England of April 1341, was forced to accept severe limitations to his financial and administrative prerogatives. Yet, in October of the same year, the king repudiated this statute, and Archbishop Stratford was politically ostracised. The extraordinary circumstances of the 1341 parliament had forced the king into submission, but under normal circumstances the powers of the king in medieval England were virtually unlimited, and Edward took advantage of this.[8]
Fortunes of war
After much inconclusive campaigning in Continental Europe , Edward decided to stage a major offensive in 1346, sailing for Normandy with a force of 15,000 men.[9] His army sacked the city of Caen and marched across northern France. On 26 August he met the French king's forces in pitched battle at Crécy and won a decisive victory. Meanwhile, back home, William Zouche , the Archbishop of York mobilized an army to oppose David II, who had returned, defeating and capturing him at the Battle of Neville's Cross on 17 October. With his northern border having been secured, Edward felt free to continue his major offensive against France, laying siege to the town of Calais , which fell after almost a year-probably the greatest single military operation undertaken by the English state in the Middle Ages[citation needed ]-in August of 1347.
After the death of the Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV in October of 1347, his son Louis V, Duke of Bavaria negotiated with Edward to compete against the new German king Charles IV , but Edward finally decided in May 1348 not to run for the German crown.
In 1348, the Black Death struck Europe with full force, killing a third or more of England's population.[10] This loss of manpower meant a halt to major campaigning. The great landowners struggled with the shortage of manpower and the resulting inflation in labor cost. Attempting to cap wages, the king and parliament responded with the Ordinance of Labourers (1349) and the Statute of Labourers (1351). The plague did not, however, lead to a full-scale breakdown of government and society, and recovery was remarkably swift.[11]
In 1356, Edward's oldest son, the Black Prince , won a great victory at the battle of Poitiers . The greatly outnumbered English forces not only routed the French but captured the French king, John II . After a succession of victories, the English held great possessions in France, the French king was in English custody, and the French central government had almost totally collapsed. Whether Edward's claim to the French crown originally was genuine or just a political ploy,[12] it now seemed to be within reach. Yet a campaign in 1359, meant to complete the undertaking, was inconclusive. In 1360, therefore, Edward accepted the Treaty of Brétigny , whereby he renounced his claims to the French throne but secured his extended French possessions in full sovereignty.
Later reign
While Edward's early reign had been energetic and successful, his later years were marked by inertia, military failure and political strife. The day-to-day affairs of the state had less appeal to Edward than military campaigning, so during the 1360s Edward increasingly relied on the help of his subordinates, in particular William Wykeham . A relative upstart, Wykeham was made Lord Privy Seal in 1363 and Lord Chancellor in 1367, though due to political difficulties connected with his inexperience, the Parliament forced him to resign the chancellorship in 1371.[13]
Compounding Edward's difficulties were the deaths of his most trusted men, some from the 1361-62 recurrence of the plague. William Montacute , Edward's companion in the 1330 coup, was dead by 1344. William de Clinton , who had also been with the king at Nottingham, died in 1354. One of the earls of 1337, William de Bohun , died in 1360, and the next year Henry of Grosmont , perhaps the greatest of Edward's captains, succumbed to what was probably plague. Their deaths left the majority of the magnates younger and more naturally aligned to the princes than to the king himself.
The king's second son, Lionel of Antwerp , attempted to subdue by force the largely autonomous Anglo-Irish lords in Ireland . The venture failed, and the only lasting mark he left were the suppressive Statutes of Kilkenny in 1366.[14]
In France, meanwhile, the decade following the Treaty of Brétigny was one of relative tranquillity, but on 8 April 1364 John II died in captivity in England, after unsuccessfully trying to raise his own ransom at home. He was followed by the vigorous Charles V , who enlisted the help of the capable Constable Bertrand du Guesclin .[15] In 1369, the French war started anew, and Edward's younger son John of Gaunt was given the responsibility of a military campaign. The effort failed, and with the Treaty of Bruges in 1375, the great English possessions in France were reduced to only the coastal towns of Calais, Bordeaux and Bayonne.[16]
Military failure abroad and the associated fiscal pressure of campaigning led to political discontent at home. The problems came to a head in the parliament of 1376, the so-called Good Parliament . The parliament was called to grant taxation, but the House of Commons took the opportunity to address specific grievances. In particular, criticism was directed at some of the king's closest advisors. Lord Chamberlain William Latimer and Lord Steward John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby were dismissed from their positions. Edward's mistress, Alice Perrers , who was seen to hold far too much power over the aging king, was banished from court.[17]
Yet the real adversary of the Commons, supported by powerful men such as Wykeham and Edmund de Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March , was John of Gaunt. Both the king and the Black Prince were by this time incapacitated by illness, leaving Gaunt in virtual control of government. Gaunt was forced to give in to the demands of parliament, but by its next convocation, in 1377, most of the achievements of the Good Parliament were reversed.[18]
Edward himself, however, did not have much to do with any of this; after around 1375 he played a limited role in the government.[19] Around 29 September 1376 he fell ill with a large abscess . After a brief period of recovery in February, the king died of a stroke (some sources say gonorrhea [20]) at Sheen on 21 June.[19] He was succeeded by his ten-year-old grandson, King Richard II , son of the Black Prince, since the Black Prince himself had died on 8 June 1376.
Noted events in his life were:
• King of England: 1327-1377.
Edward married Philippa , of Hainault 204 257 on 24 Jan 1328 in York, Yorkshire, England. Philippa was born on 24 Jun 1311 and died on 15 Aug 1369 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England at age 58.
Death Notes: Died from the Black Death
The child from this marriage was:
+ 180 M i. Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York 204 was born on 5 Jun 1341 in Kings Langley, Hertfordshire, England and died on 1 Aug 1402 in Kings Langley, Hertfordshire, England at age 61.
138. John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall (King Edward II , of England90, King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1316.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Edward II of England & Isabella of France
139. Eleanor Countess of Guelders (King Edward II , of England90, King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1318.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Edward II of England & Isabella of France
Eleanor married Reinoud II , of Guelders.
140. Joan Queen of Scots (King Edward II , of England90, King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1321.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Edward II of England & Isabella of France
Joan married David II , of Scotland.
141. Margaret Duchess of Norfolk (Thomas , of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk91, King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) died on 24 Mar 1399.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 16-30
Margaret married John de Segrave, 4th Lord Segrave. John died on 20 Mar 1353.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 181 F i. Elizabeth de Segrave, 5th Baroness Segrave was born on 25 Oct 1338 in Croxton Abbey, Leicestershire, England and died before 1368.
Margaret next married Walter Manny, 1st Lord Manny.
142. Eleanor ferch Philip ap Ifor (Catherine verch Llewellyn Gryffyth92, Elinor de Montfort59, Eleanor34, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1318.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008)., Line 254-33 (Thomas ap Llewellyn)
RootsWeb - Celtic Royal Genealogy - has b. 1318.
Eleanor married Thomas ap Llywelyn ap Owain, of Iscoed Uch Hirwen, Cardiganshire.258 259 Thomas was born before 14 Aug 1343 and died in Iscoed Uch Hirwen, Cardiganshire, Wales.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 182 F i. Elen verch Thomas ap Llewellyn Owen was born about 1337.
+ 183 F ii. Margaret verch Thomas ap Llywelyn Owain
143. Isabella de Mortimer 165 207 (Roger de Mortimer, of Wigmore, 1st Baron Mortimer94, Gwladys "Ddu" verch Llewellyn62, Joan , Princess of Gwynedd35, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) died before 1 Apr 1292.
Death Notes: Wikipedia has d. 1292.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 28-30
Isabella married John FitzAlan, Lord of Clun and Oswestry.211 212 John was born on 14 Sep 1246 and died 18 Mar 1271 or 1302 at age 24.
Noted events in his life were:
• 7th Earl of Arundel:
The child from this marriage was:
+ 184 M i. Sir Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel 260 261 was born from 1207 to 3 Feb 1266 and died on 9 Mar 1302 at age 94.
Isabella next married Walter de Beauchamp, of Elmley, Worcestershire 262 in 1212 in Elmley, Worcestershire, England. Walter was born about 1184 in Elmley, Worcestershire, England and died on 14 Apr 1236 about age 52.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 185 M i. William de Beauchamp, 5th Baron Beauchamp 263 264 265 was born about 1210 and died in 1269 about age 59.
144. Sir Edmund de Mortimer, 7th Baron Mortimer of Wigmore 208 209 (Roger de Mortimer, of Wigmore, 1st Baron Mortimer94, Gwladys "Ddu" verch Llewellyn62, Joan , Princess of Gwynedd35, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1261 in <Wigmore, Herefordshire>, England, died on 17 Jul 1304 in Wigmore, Herefordshire, England at age 43, and was buried in Wigmore, Herefordshire, England.
Birth Notes: FamilySearch has b. 1252
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 176B-30
Edmund married Margaret de Fiennes 209 266 about 1280. Margaret was born about 1262 in <Wigmore, Herefordshire>, England and died on 7 Feb 1334 about age 72.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 186 M i. Sir Roger de Mortimer, 8th Baron Mortimer of Wigmore, 1st Earl of March was born on 25 Apr 1287 and died on 29 Nov 1330 at age 43.
+ 187 F ii. Isolde de Mortimer 209 was born about 1270 in <Wigmore, Herefordshire>, England and died in 1328 about age 58.
145. Alice Audley 43 (Hugh I de Audley95, Ela Longspee63, William II Longspée36, William Longspée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury20, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1304 in Hadley, Staffordshire, England, died on 11 Jan 1374 in Greystoke, Northumberland, England about age 70, and was buried in Durham Cathedral, Durham, Durham, England.
Alice married Ralph Neville 117 on 14 Jan 1326 in Stratton Audley, Oxfordshire, England. Ralph was born about 1290 in <Raby>, Durham, England, died on 5 Aug 1367 in Durham, England about age 77, and was buried in Cathedral Church, Durham, Durham, England.
Marriage Notes: by Royal license
The child from this marriage was:
+ 188 M i. John Neville 117 was born about 1328 in <Raby With Keverstone>, Durham, England and died on 17 Oct 1388 in Newcastle Upon Tyne, Northumberland, England about age 60.
146. Alice de Sanford 210 (Loretta La Zouche96, Roger La Zouche64, Alan La Zouche37, Geoffrey I de Porhoët21, Constance , Princess of Bretagne12, Maud , Princess of England6, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) died before 9 Sep 1312.
Alice married Robert III de Vere, 5th Earl of Oxford 267 268 by 22 feb 1252. Robert was born in 1240 in Oxfordshire, England and died on 2 Sep 1296 at age 56.
Death Notes: Ancestral Roots has d. bef 7 Sept. 1296
Noted events in his life were:
• Member of Parliament: 1283, 1295-1296.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 189 F i. Joan de Vere 269 270 was born about 1258 in Oxford, Oxfordshire, England, died on 23 Nov 1293 about age 35, and was buried in Lewes, Surrey, England.
147. Eudo La Zouche 12 (Sir Alan La Zouche97, Roger La Zouche64, Alan La Zouche37, Geoffrey I de Porhoët21, Constance , Princess of Bretagne12, Maud , Princess of England6, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1244 in <Ashby, Leicestershire, England> and died before 25 Jun 1279.
Eudo married Millicent de Cantelou 12 before 1273 in Abergavenny, Monmouthshire, England. Millicent was born about 1250 in <Calne, Wiltshire>, England and died before 7 Jan 1299 in Harringworth, Northamptonshire, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 190 F i. Eve La Zouche 12 was born about 1281 in <Harringworth, Northamptonshire>, England, died on 5 Dec 1314 about age 33, and was buried in Church, Portbury, Somersetshire, England.
148. Margery La Zouche 43 (Sir Alan La Zouche97, Roger La Zouche64, Alan La Zouche37, Geoffrey I de Porhoët21, Constance , Princess of Bretagne12, Maud , Princess of England6, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1251 in <Clavering, Essex>, England.
Margery married Robert FitzRoger Clavering 15 about 1265. Robert was born about 1247 in <Clavering, Essex>, England and died on 29 Apr 1310 about age 63.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 191 F i. Eupheme FitzRoger Clavering 15 was born about 1267 in <Warkworth, Northumberland>, England, was christened in Clavering, Essex, England, died in 1329 in Warkworth, Northumberland, England about age 62, and was buried in Staindrop, Durham, England.
149. John V le Strange, of Knokyn (Joan de Somery98, Nichole d' Aubigny65, Mabel , of Chester38, Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born before 1254 and died before 8 Aug 1309.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 249-32.
Source: familysearch.org (Kevin Bradford) has b. bef 1254, d. bef 8 Aug 1309.
John married Maud de Walton. Maud died after 30 Oct 1309.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 192 F i. Elizabeth le Strange was born in 1298 and died after 1320.
150. John FitzAlan, Lord of Clun and Oswestry 211 212 (John FitzAlan, Lord of Clun and Oswestry99, Isabel d'Aubigny66, Mabel , of Chester38, Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 14 Sep 1246 and died 18 Mar 1271 or 1302 at age 24.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - John FitzAlan, 7th Earl of Arundel :
John FitzAlan, 7th Earl of Arundel (14 September 1246 - 18 March 1272 ) was an English nobleman. He was also feudal Lord of Clun and Oswestry in the Welsh Marches .
Family
He was the son of John FitzAlan, 6th Earl of Arundel (d. 1267), and Maud le Boteler , daughter of Theobald le Botiller (or Boteler) and Rohese (or Rohesia) de Verdun. His paternal grandparents were John Fitzalan, Lord of Oswestry and Isabel d'Aubigny. Through his father, FitzAlan was also descended from Alan fitzFlaad , and Llywelyn the Great [citation needed ].
Marriage
Lord Arundel married Isabella Mortimer (died 1292), daughter of Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Wigmore and Maud de Braose in 1260. They had a son Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel .
References
Noted events in his life were:
• 7th Earl of Arundel:
John married Isabella de Mortimer.165 207 Isabella died before 1 Apr 1292.
Death Notes: Wikipedia has d. 1292.
(Duplicate Line. See Person 143)
151. Hawise de Muscegros, of Charlton 215 (Agnes de Ferrers102, Sir William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby68, Agnes , of Chester, Lady of Chartley41, Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 21 Dec 1276 and died After Jun 1340 By Dec 1350.
Hawise married Sir John de Ferrers, of Southoe and Keyston 217 Betw 2 Feb 1298 and 13 Sep 1300. John was born on 30 Jun 1271 in Cardiff and died in Aug 1312 in Gascony at age 41.
Noted events in his life were:
• 1st Lord Ferrers: of Chartley, Staffordshire.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 193 F i. Eleanor de Ferrers
152. Sir John de Ferrers, of Southoe and Keyston 217 (Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby103, Sir William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby68, Agnes , of Chester, Lady of Chartley41, Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 30 Jun 1271 in Cardiff and died in Aug 1312 in Gascony at age 41.
Noted events in his life were:
• 1st Lord Ferrers: of Chartley, Staffordshire.
John married Hawise de Muscegros, of Charlton 215 between 2 Feb 1298 and 13 Sep 1300. Hawise was born on 21 Dec 1276 and died After Jun 1340 By Dec 1350.
(Duplicate Line. See Person 151)
153. Maurice de Berkeley 165 (Joan de Ferrers104, Sir William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby68, Agnes , of Chester, Lady of Chartley41, Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in Apr 1271 in <Berkeley Castle, > near Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England, died on 31 May 1326 in Wallingford Castle, Wallingford, Berkshire (Oxfordshire), England at age 55, and was buried in St. Augustine's, Bristol, Gloucestershire, England.
Birth Notes: May have been April 1281.
Maurice married Eve La Zouche 12 in 1289 in Berkeley Castle, Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England. Eve was born about 1281 in <Harringworth, Northamptonshire>, England, died on 5 Dec 1314 about age 33, and was buried in Church, Portbury, Somersetshire, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 194 F i. Isabel Berkeley 165 was born about 1307 in <Berkeley Castle, > near Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England and died on 25 Jul 1362 in Hartley Castle, Kirkeby Stephen, Westmoreland, England about age 55.
154. Isabel Aguillon 165 (Joan de Ferrers105, Sir William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby68, Agnes , of Chester, Lady of Chartley41, Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 25 Mar 1258 in <Addington>, Surrey, England and died in 1323 at age 65.
Isabel married Hugh Bardolf.165 Hugh was born on 29 Sep 1259 in <Wormegay>, Norfolk, England, died in Sep 1304 at age 45, and was buried in Shelford Priory, Nottinghamshire, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 195 M i. Thomas Bardolf 165 was born on 4 Oct 1282 in <Watton-on-Stone>, Hertfordshire, England, died on 15 Dec 1328 in Watton-on-Stone, Hertfordshire, England at age 46, and was buried in Shelford Priory, Nottinghamshire, England.
155. Cecilia de Vivonne 219 (Matilda de Ferrers106, Sir William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby68, Agnes , of Chester, Lady of Chartley41, Hugh , of Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester22, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1253 in <Hatch, Somersetshire, England>, died on 10 Jan 1320 in Stoke-under-Hamden, Somersetshire, England about age 67, and was buried in <Fort in Poitore>.
Cecilia married John Beauchamp 271 about 1273 in Hatch, Somersetshire, England. John was born in 1249 in Hatch, Somersetshire, England, died on 24 Oct 1283 in Hatch, Somersetshire, England at age 34, and was buried on 31 Oct 1283 in Stoke-sub-Hamdon, Somersetshire, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 196 M i. John de Beauchamp 219 was born on 25 Jul 1274 in Hatch, Somersetshire, England, died on 12 Oct 1336 at age 62, and was buried in 1337 in Stoke-sub-Hamdon, Somersetshire, England.
156. Mary FitzRandolph 117 (Anastasia Percy107, William de Percy, 6th Baron Percy70, Isabel Brus44, Joanna de Meschines24, Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester13, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1244 in <Middleham>, Yorkshire, England, died on 11 Apr 1320 in Coverham, Yorkshire, England about age 76, and was buried in Coverham Abbey, Coverham, Yorkshire, England.
Mary married Robert de Neville 117 about 1260 in Middleham, Yorkshire, England. Robert was born about 1240 in Raby, Durham, England and died in 1271 about age 31.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 197 M i. Randolf de Neville 117 was born on 18 Oct 1262 in <Raby>, Durham, England and died on 18 Apr 1332 at age 69.
157. Margaret de Clare 221 222 223 224 (Thomas de Clare, Lord of Inchiquin and Yougal108, Sir Richard de Clare, 8th Earl of Clare71, Sir Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Clare, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester46, Amice FitzWilliam, Countess of Gloucester25, William, 2nd Earl of Gloucester14, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1 Apr 1287 in Bunratty Castle, Thomond, Ireland and died between 22 Oct 1333 and 8 Jan 1334.
Research Notes: Youngest of 4 children.
"Heiress to her nephew Thomas de Clare, son of Richard de Clare, 2nd son of Thomas and Juliane... She was therefore sister to Richard, 2nd son, and to Thomas, 1st son..." -- Ancestral Roots, Line 54-32.
Also www.thepeerage.com
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From Wikipedia - Margaret de Clare, Lady Badlesmere :
Margaret de Clare (c.1 April 1287 - 22 October 1333/ 3 January 1334) was a Norman -Irish noblewoman and the wife of Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Lord Badlesmere .[1]In 1321, she was arrested and imprisoned in the Tower of London for refusing Isabella of France , Queen consort of King Edward II , admittance to Leeds Castle of which her husband, Lord Badlesmere, was castellan .
Family
Margaret was born at Bunratty Castle in Thomond , Ireland on or about 1 April 1287, the youngest child of Thomas de Clare , Lord of Thomond and Juliana FitzGerald of Offaly . Her paternal grandparents were Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, 2nd Earl of Gloucester and Maud de Lacy . Her maternal grandparents were Maurice FitzGerald, 3rd Lord of Offaly and Maud de Prendergast (born 17 March 1243), daughter of Gerald de Prendergast and a de Burgh daughter whose first name is not known. Margaret's maternal ancestors included Brian Boru , Dermot McMurrough , and Maud de Braose .
Margaret had an elder sister, Maud and two brothers, Richard de Clare, 1st Lord Clare , who was killed at the Battle of Dysert O'Dea in 1318, and Gilbert de Clare, Lord of Thomond.[2]
On 29 August 1287, when she was almost five months of age, her father died. Her mother married her second husband, Nicholas Avenel sometime afterwards.
Margaret was co-heiress to her nephew Thomas de Clare, son of her brother Richard, by which she inherited the manors of Plashes in Standon, Hertfordshire and lands in Thomond, Limerick and Cork in 1321 upon the death of Thomas.[3]
Marriages
Before 1303, she married firstly, Gilbert de Umfraville, son of Gilbert de Umphraville, Earl of Angus, and Elizabeth Comyn. Upon their marriage, the Earl of Angus granted Gilbert and Margaret the manors of Hambleton and Market Overton. When Gilbert died childless, sometime before 1307, the manors passed to Margaret.
Sometime before 30 June 1308, she married secondly, Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Lord Badlesmere ,(1275 -14 April 1322 ) an English baron and Governor of Bristol Castle, by whom she had five children.[4] She was styled as Lady Badlesmere on 26 October 1309 , and henceforth known by that title.[5]
Leeds Castle
Lord Badlesmere was appointed castellan of the Royal Castle of Leeds in Kent , by Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster , Regent of King Edward II . In October 1321, the queen consort Isabella of France went on a pilgrimage to the shrine of St. Thomas at Canterbury . She decided to break her journey by stopping at Leeds Castle, which was given to her as part of her dowry[6] Bartholomew was away at the time leaving Margaret in charge of the castle. Due to her dislike of Isabella as well as her own belligerent character, she refused the Queen admittance, and subsequently ordered her archers to fire upon Queen Isabella when she approached the outer barbican . When King Edward heard of the treatment meted out to his consort by Margaret, he sent an expeditionary force to the castle. After a successful assault of the castle, with the King's troops using ballistas , the defenders surrendered, and Margaret was seized and sent to the Tower of London .[7]
As a result of Margaret's arrest, Lord Badlesmere joined Lancaster's rebellion and fought in the Battle of Boroughbridge on 16 March 1322. He was arrested and afterward hanged for treason on 14 April 1322. Margaret remained imprisoned in the Tower until 3 November 1322.[2] She was released from the Tower, due to the successful mediation, on her behalf, of her son-in-law William de Ros. She retired to the convent house of the Minorite Sisters, outside Aldgate .[8]
In 1328, her son Giles obtained a reversal of his father's attainder and succeeded to the barony as the 2nd Baron Badlesmere.
Margaret died between 22 October 1333 and 3 January 1334.[9]
List of children
Margery de Badlesmere (1308/1309- 18 October 1363), married before 25 November 1316, William de Ros, 3rd Baron de Ros of Hamlake. (c.1290- 3 February 1343[10]), by whom she had six children.
Maud de Badlesmere (1310- 24 May 1366), married firstly Robert FitzPayn, and secondly, John de Vere, 7th Earl of Oxford . By her second marriage, Maud had seven children.
Elizabeth de Badlesmere (1313- 8 June 1356), married firstly Sir Edmund Mortimer , and secondly, William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton . Both marriages produced children.
Giles de Badlesmere, 2nd Baron Badlesmere (18 October 1314 - 7 June 1338 , married Elizabeth Montagu, by whom he had four daughters.
Margaret de Badlesmere (born 1315), married John Tiptoft, 2nd Lord Tiptoft, by whom she had one son, Robert Tiptoft.
Margaret married Gilbert d' Umfreville, Earl of Angus 272 in 1289. Gilbert was born in 1244 and died before 13 Oct 1307.
Margaret next married Bartholomew de Badlesmere, of Badlesmere & Chilham Castle, Kent 222 273 274 before 30 Jun 1308. Bartholomew was born about 1275 and died on 14 Apr 1322 in Canterbury, Kent, England about age 47.
Death Notes: Hanged for treason against King Edward II of England
Noted events in his life were:
• 1st Lord Badlesmere:
• Steward of the King's household:
• Ambassador to France, Savoy, and the Pope:
Children from this marriage were:
+ 198 F i. Elizabeth de Badlesmere 222 242 243 244 was born about 1313 in Castle Badlesmere, Kent, England, died on 8 Jun 1356 about age 43, and was buried in Walden Abbey, Essex, England.
+ 199 F ii. < > de Badlesmere, Countess of Oxford
+ 200 F iii. Roos de Badlesmere
+ 201 F iv. Margery de Badlesmere 275 was born in 1306 and died on 18 Oct 1363 at age 57.
158. Robert Bruce, King of Scotland (Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale110, Isabel de Clare74, Sir Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Clare, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester46, Amice FitzWilliam, Countess of Gloucester25, William, 2nd Earl of Gloucester14, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1)
159. Rhys-Gloff Lord of Cymcydmaen (Rhys-Vaughn , Lord of Yestradtywy111, Rhys-Mechyllt , of Llandovery Castle76, Joan de Clare49, Amice FitzWilliam, Countess of Gloucester25, William, 2nd Earl of Gloucester14, Robert de, 1st Earl of Gloucester7, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1)
Rhys-Gloff married someone.
+ 202 M i. Madoc ap Rhys-Gloff
160. John Comyn, Earl of Buchan 226 (Elizabeth de Quincey113, Helen , of Galloway77, Alan , Lord of Galloway50, Roland , Lord of Galloway26, Uchtred , Lord of Galloway15, Elizabeth , Princess of England8, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) died in Dec 1308 in England.
Research Notes: Died childless.
John married Isabelle MacDuff.231
161. Roger Comyn (Elizabeth de Quincey113, Helen , of Galloway77, Alan , Lord of Galloway50, Roland , Lord of Galloway26, Uchtred , Lord of Galloway15, Elizabeth , Princess of England8, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1)
162. Alexander Comyn (Elizabeth de Quincey113, Helen , of Galloway77, Alan , Lord of Galloway50, Roland , Lord of Galloway26, Uchtred , Lord of Galloway15, Elizabeth , Princess of England8, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1)
Alexander married Joan le Latimer.226
Children from this marriage were:
+ 203 F i. Alice Comyn 231 was born in 1289 in Aberdeenshire, Scotland and died on 3 Jul 1349 at age 60.
+ 204 F ii. Margaret Comyn
163. Sir Piers de Geneville, Lord of Walterstone-Saunton-Lacy (Geoffrey de Geneville, Seigneur de Vaucouleurs, Lord of Trim115, Simon de Joinville, Sénéchal of Champagne, Seigneur de Vaucouleurs79, Helvis de Dampierre52, Guy I , Vicomte de Troyes28, Isabel de Montlhéry, Viscomtessa de Troyes17, Lithuaise10, Adela , of Normandy3, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) died on 8 Jun 1292.
Research Notes: Lord of Walterstone-Staunton-Lacy, Ludlow, Malmeshull, Wulveslow and Ewyas-Lacy, Baron Geneville of Trim
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 71A-31
Piers married Jeanne de Lusignan, de la Marche. Jeanne died before 18 Apr 1323.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 205 F i. Joan de Geneville was born 2 Feb 1285 or 1286 and died on 19 Oct 1356 at age 71.
Tenth Generation
164. Isabella of France 200 201 (Jeanne , of Navarre117, Blanche , of Artois80, Robert I "the Good" , Count of Artois53, Blanche , of Castile29, Eleanor , of England18, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1295 in Paris, (Île-de-France), France and died on 22 Aug 1358 about age 63.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 101-31 has b. 1292, d. 27 Aug 1357, m. Boulogne, 28 Jan 1308. But see "Notes" from Wikipedia below.
From Wikipedia - Isabella of France :
Isabella of France (c.1295 - August 22 , 1358 ), Queen consort of England, known as the She-Wolf of France,[1] was the Queen consort of Edward II of England . She was a member of the House of Capet .
Biography
Isabella was born in Paris on an uncertain date - probably between May and November 1295 [2] - the daughter of King Philip IV of France and Queen Jeanne of Navarre , and the sister of three French kings. While still an infant, her father had promised her in marriage to Edward II to resolve the conflicts between France and England over the latter's continental possession of Gascony and claims to Anjou, Normandy and Aquitaine. Pope Boniface VIII had urged the marriage as early as 1298 but was delayed by wrangling over the terms of the marriage contract. The English king, Edward I had also attempted to break the engagement several times. Only after he died in 1307 did the wedding go forward.
Her groom, the new King Edward II , looked the part of a Plantagenet king to perfection. He was tall and athletic, and wildly popular at the beginning of his reign. She married Edward at Boulogne-sur-Mer on January 25 , 1308 . Since he had ascended the throne the previous year, Isabella never was titled Princess of Wales...
Edward and Isabella produced four children, and she suffered at least one miscarriage . The itineraries of Edward II and Queen Isabella also show that they were together 9 months prior to the births of all four surviving offspring. Their children were:
Edward of Windsor , born 1312
John of Eltham , born 1316
Eleanor of Woodstock , born 1318, married Reinoud II of Guelders
Joan of the Tower , born 1321, married David II of Scotland
... When her brother, King Charles IV of France , seized Edward's French possessions in 1325, she returned to France, initially as a delegate of the King charged with negotiating a peace treaty between the two countries. However, her presence in France became a focal point for the many nobles opposed to Edward's reign and she gathered an army to oppose Edward, in alliance with Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March , who had become her lover. Enraged by this, Edward demanded that Isabella return to England. Her brother, King Charles, replied, "The queen has come of her own will and may freely return if she wishes. But if she prefers to remain here, she is my sister and I refuse to expel her."
Despite this public show of support by the King of France, Isabella and Mortimer left the French court in summer 1326 and went to William I, Count of Hainaut in Holland (his wife was Isabella's cousin). William provided them with eight men of war (ships) in return for a marriage contract between his daughter Philippa and Isabella's son, Edward . On September 21 , 1326 Isabella and Mortimer landed in Suffolk with an army (most of whom were mercenaries ). King Edward offered a reward for their deaths, and is rumoured to have even carried a knife in his hose with which to kill his wife. Isabella responded by offering twice as much money for the head of Hugh the younger Despenser (this reward was issued from Wallingford Castle ).
The invasion by Isabella and Mortimer was successful: King Edward's few allies deserted him without a battle; the Despensers were killed, and Edward himself was captured and forced to abdicate in favour of his eldest son, Edward III of England . Since the young king was only fourteen when he was crowned on 1 February 1327 , Isabella and Mortimer ruled as regents in his place.
... When Edward III attained his majority (at the age of 18) he, and a few trusted companions, staged a coup on October 19, 1330 and had both Isabella and Mortimer taken prisoner. Despite Isabella's cries of "Fair son, have pity on gentle Mortimer", Mortimer was executed for treason one month later in November of 1330.
Isabella's life was spared by her son and she was allowed to retire to Castle Rising in Norfolk . She did not, as legend would have it, go insane; she enjoyed a comfortable retirement and made many visits to her son's court, doting on her grandchildren. Isabella took the habit of the Poor Clares before she died on August 22 , 1358 , and her body was returned to London for burial at the Franciscan church at Newgate . She was buried in her wedding dress, with Edward's heart interred with her.
[edit ] Notes
^ A sobriquet appropriated from Shakespeare's Henry VI, Part 3 , where it is used to refer to Henry 's Queen, Margaret of Anjou
^ She is referred to as born in 1292 in the Annals of Wigmore, and Piers Langtoft agrees, claiming that she was 7 years old in 1299. The French chronicler Guillaume de Nangis and Thomas Walsingham describe her as 12 years old at the time of her marriage in January 1308, placing her birth between the January of 1295 and of 1296. A Papal dispensation by Clement V in November 1305 permits her to marry by proxy immediately, despite not having reached age 12, and only being 10 years old - suggesting a birth-date between November 1294 and November 1295. Since she had to reach the canonical age of 7 before her betrothal in May 1303, and that of 12 before her marriage in January 1308, the above evidence suggests that she was born between May and November 1295. See Weir, Alison, Isabella
[edit ] Sources
Isabella married King Edward II , of England 144 145 on 25 Jan 1308 in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France. Edward was born on 25 Apr 1284 in Caernarfon Castle, Caernarfonshire, Gwynedd, Wales, died on 21 Sep 1327 in <Berkeley Castle, > near Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England at age 43, and was buried in Gloucester Cathedral, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England.
Noted events in his life were:
• King of England: 1307-1327.
(Duplicate Line. See Person 90)
165. Charles IV of France (Jeanne , of Navarre117, Blanche , of Artois80, Robert I "the Good" , Count of Artois53, Blanche , of Castile29, Eleanor , of England18, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1)
166. Henry Beaumont, 3rd Lord Beaumont (Eleanor , of Lancaster118, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester82, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester54, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1340.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Eleanor of Lancaster
167. Matilda Beaumont (Eleanor , of Lancaster118, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester82, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester54, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) died in Jul 1467.
Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Eleanor of Lancaster
168. Sir Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel & 10th Earl of Surrey 235 236 237 238 (Eleanor , of Lancaster118, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester82, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester54, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1346 in <Arundel, West Sussex>, England and died on 21 Sep 1397 in Cheapside, London, England at age 51.
Death Notes: Condemned and beheaded on Tower Hill by Richard II
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - 11th Earl of Arundel and 10th Earl of Surrey.
"In 1377 he was Admiral of the West and South, and in 1386 Admiral of all England. In this capacity he defeated a combined Franco-Spanish-Flemish fleet off of Margate in 1387. The following year he was one of the Lords Appellant to Richard II. In 1397 he was arrested for his opposition to Richard II, and then attainted and beheaded 21 September 1397."
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From Wikipedia - Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel :
Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel and 10th Earl of Surrey (1346 - September 21, 1397, beheaded) was an English nobleman and military commander.
He was the son of Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel and Eleanor of Lancaster.
In 1377 he was Admiral of the West and South, and in 1386 Admiral of all England. In this capacity he defeated a combined Franco-Spanish-Flemish fleet off of Margate in 1387. The following year he was one of the Lords Appellant to Richard II. In 1397 he was arrested for his opposition to Richard II, and then attainted and beheaded.
Arundel married twice. His first wife was Elizabeth de Bohun, daughter of William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton. They married around September 28, 1359 and had four children.
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From Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry, p. 50:
"III LADY ELIZABETH DE BOHUN, who married Richard Fitz Alan, Earl of Arundel and Surrey, who was beheaded on Tower Hill, September, 1397. Elizabeth died during her husband's life-time, prior to 15 Richard II., for in that year the Earl of Arundel paid a fine to the king for marrying (the second time) without a license. [Dugdale]. His second wife survived him.
"His will is as follows:
'I, Richard, Earl of Arundel and Surrey, March 4, 1392, 16 Richard II. in my Castle of Philipp. My body to be buried in the Priory of Lewis, in a place behind the high altar, which I have shewn to my beloved in God Danz John Chierlien, Prior, and frere Thomas Asshebourne, my confessor. In case my dear wife E., on whom God have mercy, be not there interred by me, I charge my executors that they cause my said wife to be conveyed from her present tomb to the said place with the same form as the body of my most honored lord and father was buried. If I die in England I desire to have my corpse privately conveyed to the said Priory, and I forbid armed men, or to her pomp, attendant at my burial.
.... My manors of Angermeryn, Wepham, Warnecamp, Soucstoke, Tothungton, Upinerdon, and Pyperyng...
'My most dear [second] wife Philippa... My sons [in law] the Earl Marshall, Lord Charlton, and William Beauchamp... My son Richard a standing bed called Clove also a bed of silk, embroidered with the arms of Arundel and Warren quarterly... to my dear son Thomas, from the day of my death C L annually in aid of his maintenance, also the Manors of Begenever, Sullynton, and Schapewyk... My dear daughter Charlton; to my daughter Elizabeth a nounce with lions and crowns which was give me by my dear son her husband.' [Testamenta Vetusta, p. 129.]
"The Earl of Arundel had issue by his first wife Elizabeth:
1. Richard, d. S. P.
2. Thomas, who died S. P. and whose title passed to his kinsman, but whose lands descended to his sisters.
3. Alice married John de Charlton prior 1392; died before 1415, S. P.
4. Alianora, who had Royal License 28 Oct. 1371, to marry Robert de Ufford, son of William Earl of Suffolk. [Notes from the Patent Rolls Inq. etc.]; but is said in 'Williamson's Evidences' to have died unmarried, p. 30.] [Hist. Cheshire, Ormerod, p. 38.]
5. Elizabeth, of whom hereafter.
6. Joane, married before 1392, William Beauchamp of Abergavenny. She died 14 Nov. 1435.
7. Margaret, married Sir Rowland Lenthall."
Noted events in his life were:
• Succeeded: to the lordships of Bromfield (Wrexham) and Yale, 24 Jan 1376. upon the death of his father.
• Inherited: Castrum Leonis (Holt Castle) and Dynas Bran and lands in Wrightesham (Wrexham), 24 Jan 1376.
• "Wonderful Parliament": 1388. He was one of the five lords appellant.
• Built: a stone bridge between Bromfield and Chirk, 1392.
Richard married Elizabeth de Bohun, Countess of Arundel 237 245 246 about 28 Sep 1359. Elizabeth was born about 1350 and died on 3 Apr 1385 about age 35.
Marriage Notes: Wikipedia
Children from this marriage were:
+ 206 F i. Alice FitzAlan 276 was born about 1374 and died before 1415.
+ 207 F ii. Joane FitzAlan 236 237 277 was born in 1375 and died on 14 Nov 1453 at age 78.
+ 208 F iii. Elizabeth FitzAlan, d'Arundelle 278 279 was born on 8 Jul 1379 in Derbyshire, England and died on 8 Jul 1425 in Hoveringham, England at age 46.
+ 209 M iv. Richard FitzAlan
+ 210 M v. Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel, Earl of Surrey 246 280 281 282 was born on 13 Oct 1381 and died on 13 Oct 1415 at age 34.
+ 211 F vi. Alianora FitzAlan
+ 212 F vii. Margaret FitzAlan 246 277 280 was born in 1382 and died after 1423.
Richard next married Philippa.
169. John FitzAlan, 1st Baron Arundel and Lord Maltravers 239 240 (Eleanor , of Lancaster118, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester82, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester54, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1348 in Etchingham, Sussex, England and died on 16 Dec 1379 about age 31.
Research Notes: 1st Lord Arundel, Marshal of England, Lord Mautravers
Noted events in his life were:
• Member of Parliament: 1377-1379.
John married Eleanor Maltravers 239 283 on 17 Feb 1358. Eleanor was born in 1345 and died on 10 Jan 1405 at age 60.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 213 F i. Margaret FitzAlan
+ 214 M ii. Sir John FitzAlan, Lord of Arundel 284 was born on 30 Nov 1364 and died on 14 Aug 1390 at age 25.
170. Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of York 185 (Eleanor , of Lancaster118, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester82, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester54, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1350 and died on 19 Feb 1413 about age 63.
171. Joan FitzAlan 241 (Eleanor , of Lancaster118, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester82, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester54, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1348, died on 17 Apr 1419 about age 71, and was buried in Walden Abbey, Essex, England.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Joan Fitzalan :
Lady Joan Fitzalan, Countess of Hereford, Essex, and Northampton (1347/1348- 7 April 1419), was the wife of Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford , 6th Earl of Essex, and 2nd Earl of Northampton. Joan was the mother of Mary de Bohun , the first wife of Henry of Bolingbroke who later reigned as King Henry IV of England , and Eleanor de Bohun , Duchess of Gloucester. She was the maternal grandmother of King Henry V of England .
Family
Lady Joan was born in about 1347 or 1348 at Arundel Castle , Sussex , one of seven children, and the eldest daughter of Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel and his second wife Eleanor of Lancaster .[1] Her paternal grandparents were Edmund Fitzalan, 9th Earl of Arundel and Alice de Warenne . Her maternal grandparents were Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster and Maud Chaworth .
List of siblings
Richard Fitzalan, 11th Earl of Arundel (1346- 21 September 1397 Tower Hill, Cheapside, London), married firstly Elizabeth de Bohun , sister of Humphrey de Bohun, by whom he had seven children, and secondly Philippa Mortimer. He was beheaded on charges of high treason against King Richard II of England .
John Fitzalan 1st baron of Arundel, 1st Baron Maltravers (1351-16 December 1379), married Eleanor Maltravers, by whom he had issue. He drowned in the Irish Sea, having been shipwrecked after defeating the French off the Cornish coast.
Alice Fitzalan (1350- 17 March 1416), married Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent , by whom she had issue.
Thomas Arundel Archbishop of Canterbury (1352- 19 February 1414)
Mary Fitzalan (died 29 August 1396), married John Le Strange, 4th Baron Strange of Blackmere, by whom she had issue, including Ankaret Le Strange who married Richard Talbot, 4th Baron Talbot. These were the parents of John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury
Eleanor Fitzalan (1356- before 1366)
J
oan had a half-brother from her father's first marriage to Isabel le Despenser :
Edmund of Arundel (1327- after 1377), he was bastardised by his parents annulment. He married Sybil Montagu, by whom he had two daughters.
Joan had two uterine half-siblings from her mother's first marriage to John de Beaumont, 2nd Lord Beaumont (died 14 April 1342):
Henry de Beaumont, 3rd Lord Beaumont (4 April 1340- 17 June 1369), married as her first husband Margaret de Vere (died 15 June 1398), by whom he had issue.
Matilda de Beaumont (died July 1367), married Hugh de Courtney.
Marriage and children
Sometime after 9 September 1359, Joan married Humphrey de Bohun , one of the most powerful noblemen in the kingdom. His titles included 7th Earl of Hereford, 6th Earl of Essex, 2nd Earl of Northampton, and he was the hereditary Constable of England. He was the son of William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton and Elizabeth de Badlesmere . The marriage produced two daughters, whom upon the death of their father, divided his vast estates between them:
Eleanor de Bohun (c.1360- 3 October 1399), co-heiress of her father. In 1376 she married Thomas of Woodstock , 1st Duke of Gloucester, the youngest son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault . The marriage produced five children, including Anne of Gloucester . Eleanor died as a nun at Barking Abbey.
Mary de Bohun (1369- 4 June 1394), co-heiress of her father. On 27 July 1380 she married Henry of Bolingbroke, who would later be crowned King Henry IV. She died before he ascended the throne. The marriage produced six chidren including King Henry V of England .
Execution of John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter
In 1397, Joan's brother Richard Fitzalan, 11th Earl of Arundel and a Lord Appellant was executed on Tower Hill for his opposition to King Richard II of England . The king's half-brother John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter , Earl of Huntingdon accompanied him to the scaffold, as one of King Richard's representatives. Less than three years later in 1400, when Holland joined a conspiracy to murder the new king Henry IV, and was captured near Joan's principal residence Pleshy Castle in Essex , he was turned over to her for punishment. Described as having possessed a "stern character",[2] she showed him no mercy, and swiftly gave orders for his execution by decapitation , after summoning the children of her dead brother to witness the deed. Following the beheading, which was performed without benefit of a trial, she ordered that Holland's severed head be raised on the end of a pike, which was placed upon the battlements of Pleshy Castle.
Death
Lady Joan Fitzalan died on 7 April 1419 and was buried in Walden Abbey with her husband who had died in 1373.
Joan married Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford, Earl of Essex & Northampton.247 248 Humphrey was born in 1342, died on 16 Jan 1373 at age 31, and was buried in Walden Abbey, Essex, England.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 215 F i. Mary de Bohun
+ 216 F ii. Eleanor de Bohun died in 1399.
172. Alice FitzAlan 185 (Eleanor , of Lancaster118, Henry , 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester82, Edmund "Crouchback" , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester54, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1350 and died on 17 Mar 1416 at age 66.
Alice married Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent.
173. Elizabeth de Bohun, Countess of Arundel 237 245 246 (Sir William de Bohun, K.G., 1st Earl of Northampton125, Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England86, King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1350 and died on 3 Apr 1385 about age 35.
Research Notes: From Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry, p. 50:
"III LADY ELIZABETH DE BOHUN, who married Richard Fitz Alan, Earl of Arundel and Surrey, who was beheaded on Tower Hill, September, 1397. Elizabeth died during her husband's life-time, prior to 15 Richard II., for in that year the Earl of Arundel paid a fine to the king for marrying (the second time) without a license. [Dugdale]. His second wife survived him."
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From Wikipedia - Elizabeth de Bohun :
Elizabeth de Bohun, Countess of Arundel, Countess of Surrey (c.1350- 3 April 1385), was the first wife of Richard Fitzalan, 11th Earl of Arundel , Earl of Surrey, (1346- 21 September 1397 Tower Hill, Cheapside, London), a powerful English nobleman and military commander in the reigns of Edward III and Richard II . She was the mother of his seven children.
Family and lineage
Lady Elizabeth de Bohun was born around 1350, the daughter of William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton and Elizabeth de Badlesmere . Her older brother Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford married Joan Fitzalan , a sister of the 11th Earl of Arundel, by whom he had two daughters. Elizabeth had a half-brother Roger Mortimer, 2nd Earl of March by her mother's first marriage to Sir Edmund Mortimer.
Her paternal grandparents were Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford and Elizabeth of Rhuddlan , daughter of King Edward I of England and Eleanor of Castile . Her maternal grandparents were Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere and Margaret de Clare .
Lady Elizabeth's parents both died when she was young, her mother having died in 1356, and her father in 1360.
Marriage and children
On 28 September 1359, by Papal dispensation,[1] Elizabeth married Richard Fitzalan, who succeeded to the earldoms of Arundel and Surrey upon the death of his father, Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel .
At the coronation of King Richard II, Richard carried the crown. In the same year, 1377, he was made Admiral of the South and West. The following year, 1378, he attacked Harfleur , but was repelled by the French.
Fitzalan allied himself with the King's uncle Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester , who was married to Fitzalan's niece Eleanor de Bohun , who was also his wife's niece. The two men eventually became members of the Council of Regency, and formed a strong and virulent opposition to the King. This would later prove fatal to both men.
Richard and Elizabeth had seven children:[2]
Thomas Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel , Earl of Surrey KG (13 October 1381- 13 October 1415), married 26 November 1405, Beatrice, illegitimate daughter of King John I of Portugal and Inez Perez Esteves.[3] The marriage was childless.
Lady Eleanor Fitzalan (c.1365- 1375), on 28 October 1371, at the age of about six, married Robert de Ufford. Died childless.
Lady Elizabeth FitzAlan (1366- 8 July 1425), married firstly before 1378, Sir William de Montagu, secondly in 1384, Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk , by whom she had four children, thirdly before 19 August 1401, Sir Robert Goushill, by whom she had two daughters, and fourthly before 1411, Sir Gerard Afflete. The Howard Dukes of Norfolk descend from her daughter Margaret Mowbray who married Sir Robert Howard .
Lady Joan FitzAlan (1375- 14 November 1435), married William de Beauchamp, 1st Baron Bergavenny , by whom she had a son, Richard de Beauchamp, 1st Earl of Worcester and a daughter Joan de Beauchamp , wife of James Butler , 4th Earl of Ormond .
Lady Alice Fitzalan (1378- before October 1415), married before March 1392, John Cherlton, Lord Cherlton. Had an affair with Cardinal Henry Beaufort , by whom she had an illegitimate daughter, Jane Beaufort.[4]
Lady Margaret Fitzalan (1382- after 1423), married Sir Rowland Lenthall, of Hampton Court, Herefordshire, by whom she had two sons.
Son Fitzalan (his name is given as either Richard or William).
Death
Elizabeth de Bohun died on 3 April 1385 at the age of about thirty- five. She was buried at Lewes in Sussex. Her husband married secondly Philippa Mortimer on 15 August 1390, by whom he had a son John Fitzalan (1394- after 1397).
Richard Fitzalan was executed by decapitation on 21 September 1397 at Tower Hill Cheapside , London for having committed high treason against King Richard.[5] His titles and estates were attainted until October 1400, when they were restored to his son and heir Thomas Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel by the new king Henry IV who had ascended to the English throne upon the deposition of King Richard in 1399.
Elizabeth married Sir Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel & 10th Earl of Surrey 235 236 237 238 about 28 Sep 1359. Richard was born in 1346 in <Arundel, West Sussex>, England and died on 21 Sep 1397 in Cheapside, London, England at age 51.
Marriage Notes: Wikipedia
Death Notes: Condemned and beheaded on Tower Hill by Richard II
Noted events in his life were:
• Succeeded: to the lordships of Bromfield (Wrexham) and Yale, 24 Jan 1376. upon the death of his father.
• Inherited: Castrum Leonis (Holt Castle) and Dynas Bran and lands in Wrightesham (Wrexham), 24 Jan 1376.
• "Wonderful Parliament": 1388. He was one of the five lords appellant.
• Built: a stone bridge between Bromfield and Chirk, 1392.
(Duplicate Line. See Person 168)
174. Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford, Earl of Essex & Northampton 247 248 (Sir William de Bohun, K.G., 1st Earl of Northampton125, Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England86, King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1342, died on 16 Jan 1373 at age 31, and was buried in Walden Abbey, Essex, England.
Research Notes: 7th Earl of Hereford, 6th Earl of Essex and 2nd Earl of Northampton.
From Wikipedia - Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford :
Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford, 6th Earl of Essex and 2nd Earl of Northampton (1342 - 16 January 1373 ) was an important medieval English noble during the reign of King Edward III of England .
Lineage
He was the son of William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton , and Elizabeth de Badlesmere . His paternal grandparents were Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford and Elizabeth of Rhuddlan , daughter of King Edward I . His maternal grandparents were Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere and Margaret de Clare . He was the last of this de Bohun line, but his titles should have been passed to his successor who was his second cousin.
Inheritance
On his death, his great estates were divided between his two surviving daughters: Mary de Bohun , who married Henry Bolingbroke, the future Henry IV and Eleanor de Bohun , who married Thomas of Woodstock . His third daughter, Elizabeth, had died young.
His wife and the mother of his daughters was Joan Fitzalan , daughter of Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel and Eleanor of Lancaster , whom he married after 9 September 1359.
These estates went to the husbands of the daughters of Humphrey even though there was a male heir alive in Hereford until 1381 - his name is Gilbert de Bohun - who married Margaret Wastney, great-granddaughter of Robert Fitzrobert, and they had a daughter called Joan who married Walter Weaver in 1362 and had male issue.
Henry IV was created Duke of Hereford before he usurped the throne.
Humphrey married Joan FitzAlan.241 Joan was born about 1348, died on 17 Apr 1419 about age 71, and was buried in Walden Abbey, Essex, England.
(Duplicate Line. See Person 171)
175. James Botiller, 2nd Earl of Ormond (Eleanor de Bohun126, Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England86, King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 4 Oct 1331 in Kilkenny, Ireland and died in 1382 at age 51.
Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 7-31
James married Elizabeth Darcy about 1346. Elizabeth died 24 Mar 1389 or 1390.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 217 M i. James Botiller, 3rd Earl of Ormond was born after 1361 and died in Sep 1405.
176. Petronilla Botiller 250 (Eleanor de Bohun126, Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England86, King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) died about 1368.
Noted events in her life were:
• Living: 28 May 1365.
Petronilla married Gilbert Talbot, 3rd Lord Talbot 285 on 8 Sep 1352. Gilbert was born about 1332 and died on 24 Apr 1387 about age 55.
Noted events in his life were:
• Member of Parliament: 1362.
Children from this marriage were:
+ 218 M i. Sir Richard Talbot, Lord Talbot 286 was born about 1361 and died about 7 Sep 1396 about age 35.
+ 219 F ii. Mary Talbot 287 died on 13 Apr 1434.
177. Margaret Courtenay 113 (Margaret de Bohun129, Elizabeth , of Rhuddlan, Princess of England86, King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1326 in <Exeter, Devonshire>, England, died on 2 Aug 1385 about age 59, and was buried on 2 Aug 1385 in Cobham, Kent, England.
Margaret married John de Cobham 288 between 1332 and 1334 in Cobham, Kent, England. John was born about 1321 in <Cobham, Kent>, England, died on 10 Jan 1407 in Cobham, Kent, England about age 86, and was buried in Grey Friars, London, Middlesex, England.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 220 F i. Joan de Cobham 288 was born about 1340 in <Cobham, Kent>, England, died about 1388 in Chrishall, Essex, England about age 48, and was buried in Chrishall, Essex, England.
178. Isabel le Despenser 254 255 (Eleanor de Clare136, Joan , of Acre88, King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born in 1312 and died in 1356 at age 44.
Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Isabel le Despenser, Countess of Arundel :
Isabel le Despenser (1312 - 1356) was the eldest daughter of Hugh the younger Despenser and Eleanor de Clare . Her father is famous for being the favorite of Edward II of England .
Early Life
After their father was executed for treason in 1326, Isabel and her youngest sister Elizabeth le Despenser were the only daughters of Hugh the Younger to escape being confined in nunneries, Isabel because she was already married and Elizabeth because of her youth.
Marriage and Annulment
On 9 February 1321 Isabel was married to Richard Fitzalan , the heir to the earldom of Arundel.
Richard and Isabel had one son, Edmund Fitzalan, born in 1327, and in 1331 Isabel's husband became earl of Arundel . However in December 1344 Richard Fitzalan had their marriage annulled on the grounds that he had never freely consented to marry Isabel. Isabel retired to several manors in Essex that were given to her by her ex-husband.
Richard and Isabel's only child, Edmund Fitzalan, was rendered illegitimate by this annulment and so was unable to inherit his father's earldom. When his father died in 1376 Edmund quarrelled with his half-siblings, the children of his father's second marriage, over inheritance rights. Edmund was imprisoned in the Tower of London until he was released in 1377 by request of his brothers-in-law.
Isabel married Sir Richard "Copped Hat" FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel and Warenne 232 233 234 on 9 Feb 1321. Marriage status: annulment in Dec 1344. Richard was born about 1313, died on 24 Jan 1376 in Arundel, West Sussex, England about age 63, and was buried in Lewes Priory, Lewes, Sussex, England.
Noted events in his life were:
• Earl of Arundel: 1331.
• Lord of Bromfield (Wrexham) and Yale: 30 Jun 1347. upon the death of his uncle, John II de Warenne.
• Inherited: castles of Caerleon (Holt) and Dinas Bran, 30 Jun 1347.
• Did homage: to Edward III, 24 Oct 1353. for Bromfield and Yale as immediately subject to the Crown.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 221 F i. Isabel FitzAlan 289 died on 29 Aug 1396.
179. Philip Le Despenser, of Stoke, Gloucestershire 253 (Eleanor de Clare136, Joan , of Acre88, King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born about 1244 in <Gloucestershire, > England and died on 24 Sep 1313 about age 69.
Philip married Margaret de Goushill.165 Margaret was born on 12 May 1294 in <Whittingdon>, Shropshire, England, was christened in Whittingdon, Shropshire, England, and died on 29 Jul 1349 at age 55.
The child from this marriage was:
+ 222 M i. Philip Le Despenser, of Camoys Manor, Toppesfield, Essex was born on 6 Apr 1313 in Goxhill, Lincolnshire, England and died on 23 Aug 1349 at age 36.
180. Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York 204 (Edward III , King of England137, King Edward II , of England90, King Edward I , of England55, King Henry III , of England30, King John "Lackland" , of England19, Henry II "Curtmantel" , King of England11, Empress Matilda , Countess of Anjou4, Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England2, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England1) was born on 5 Jun 1341 in Kings Langley, Hertfordshire, England and died on 1 Aug 1402 in Kings Langley, Hertfordshire, England at age 61.
Research Notes:
Edmund married Isabella , of Castile, Duchess of York 204 in 1372. Isabella was born about 1355, died on 23 Dec 1392 in Kings Langley, Hertfordshire, England about age 37, and was buried in Kings Langley, He