Chief Paschal "Pas-Cal-We" Fish

   Another name for Paschal was Paschal Jackson.

  General Notes:

http://www.whatsineudora.com
http://gen3.connectingneighbors.com/static/19448.pdf

"A statue of Chief Paschal Fish and his daughter, Eudora, is being created by world
renowned Lawrence [Kansas] sculptor, Jim Brothers. When completed, it will be a 7 ½ foot tall
bronze statue and will be placed in the CPA Park in downtown Eudora. The casting will
be completed by the Ad Astra Foundry, which is located about 10 miles NW of Eudora.

"The statue has been created to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the City of Eudora
(1857-2007) and will be dedicated October 6th, 2007 during the annual EudoraFest. It
depicts Shawnee Indian Chief Paschal Fish and his daughter, Eudora, in the year of 1857
with Chief Fish holding a ferry oar and with Eudora clutching his waist.

"The land Eudora was built on was purchased from Chief Fish by the German Settlement
Society from Chicago. The German settlers honored the request of Chief Fish and named
their new town after his daughter, Eudora.

"When the U.S. Government allotted land to the Indians, Chief Fish received 1,000 acres
in this part of Douglas County. In 1857 he sold 800 acres to the German Settlement
Society from Chicago. Chief Fish owned and operated the Fish Ferry, which crossed the
Kaw River just north of downtown Eudora. He also owned the Fish House, which was
located on the south edge of Eudora along the Westport Trail. The Westport Trail
connected Kansas City to Lawrence and tied into the Oregon and Santa Fe Trails. He
often took in travelers for the night and provided them with food and shelter. On May 1,
1855, the Kansas Territorial Governor, Andrew H. Reeder, stayed at the Fish House. The
Governor.s horse was hidden, so it would not be seen by pro-slavery supporters. Chief
Fish was a Methodist minister and was instrumental in establishing and teaching at the
Wakarusa Indian Mission which was built in Eudora 1848-1850.

"Paschal Fish (1905-1894). In approximately 1870, Chief Fish moved from Eudora to
Indian Territory near Miami, Oklahoma. In 1894 at the age of 89, Chief Fish was found
frozen to death along Tar Creek near his home at Baxter Springs, Kansas.

"Eudora Fish (ca1848-1877). In 1868 Eudora Fish married Dallas Emmons. They lived in
LaCygne, Kansas and had 4 children. Eudora passed away unexpectedly at the age of 29.
Her body was transported from LaCygne to Wyandotte, Kansas. She is buried in the
Huron Indian Cemetery in downtown Wyandotte.

"Project Funding

"The primary resources for this project have been Eudora Lions Club members, personnel
from various departments within the City of Eudora, and also many community partners
that have hosted/assisted with fund-raising activities. There has been wide support for
this project ranging from the purchase of engraved bricks that will be placed around the
base of the statue to cash donors whose names will be placed on a bronze plaque that will
be mounted to the base of the statue. The Shawnee Tribe that is located in Miami,
Oklahoma is also very supportive of the project.

"Fund-raising activities have been sponsored/supported by the Eudora Historical Society,
United Methodist Church, Knights of Columbus, Chamber of Commerce, Boy Scouts,
Eudora school personnel and their facilities, Annie.s Country Jubilee from Tonganoxie,
plus many Eudora businesses and individual volunteers."

  Research Notes:

More available http://www.geocities.com/sam_cook_53/grpf2458.html

From Historic Shawnee Names of the 1700s - http://www.shawnee-traditions.com/Names-7.html
"Fish, Paschal aka Paschal Jackson - 1/2 Shawnee Metis born about 1792 OH-died after 1854 KS - son of Fish aka William Jackson-adopted white & Shawnee Woman, moved to KS by 1832, Treaty 1854, husband 1^st of Mary Ann Steele/95-Metis, 2^nd of Jane Hohthawakawe/95, 3^rd of Hester Armstrong Zane-Wyandot Metis, father with Mary Ann of Leander aka Leading Turtle/1814"


From
http://skyways.lib.ks.us/genweb/archives/wyandott/history/1911/volume1/29.html
http://www.whatsineudora.com

Transcribed from History of Wyandotte County Kansas and its people ed. and comp. by Perl W. Morgan. Chicago, The Lewis publishing company, 1911. 2 v. front., illus., plates, ports., fold. map. 28 cm. [Vol. 2 contains biographical data. Paged continuously.]

Chapter III.
"Among others of the Shawnees who won distinction for meritorious work in aid of civilizing and educating the tribe was Paschal Fish. He was a local preacher and his brother Charles was an interpreter. They would listen to sermons preached by the white men in the missions and translate them for those of the Indians who could not understand English."

Chapter V.
"The Shawnee Indian mission was the most ambitious attempt of any Protestant church in the early times to care for the Indians of Kansas. In 1828 what was called the Fish band of Shawnee Indians was moved by the government from Ohio to Wyandotte county, Kansas. They were under the leadership of the Prophet [Ten-squat-a-way (The Open Door)], the brother of the great Tecumseh, who made his home near the spot where the town of Turner [Kansas] now stands. The following year the Reverend Thomas Johnson, a member of the Missouri conference of the Methodist church, followed the Indians to Turner, built a log house on the hill south of the Kansas river and began working among the red men as a missionary. In 1832 the rest of the Shawnee Indians from Ohio rejoined their tribe in Kansas. The government allotted them a large reservation of the best land in eastern Kansas..."

"The mission among the Delaware Indians [in Wyandotte County, Kansas] was opened in 1832 by the Reverend William Johnson and the Reverend Thomas Markham, appointed by the Missouri Conference of the Methodist Episcopal church to take charge Though the Delawares were advancing in agriculture and their fine prairie lands interspersed with timber were improved, they had but little culture. Many of the elder members of the tribe retained their ancient prejudices against Christianity and, in consequence, the membership of the Mission church was never large...

"The Mission was erected in 1832 near a spring in a beautiful grove.. on the high divide on the site of the present town of White Church, facing east... It was destroyed by a tornado on
ay 11, 1886.... After the inauguration of the mission and school by the Reverend William Johnson and the Reverend Thomas B. Markham, E. T. Peery was in charge from 1833 to 1836 inclusive ... Others who were connected with it were ... the Reverend Nathan Scarrett for whom the Scarrett Bible Training School is named, and the Reverend Paschal Fish.

"In the early days a log parsonage was erected and a camp ground was laid out in which great camp meetings for the Indians were held. These camp meetings... were attended by Indians of various tribes, many coming in their blankets. Each tribe had its interpreters to follow the words of the preacher, or exhorter, and translate them into English. The two Ketchums, James and Charles, full-blood Delawares, were interpreters...

"Prominent among the Delawares was Charles Ketchum, for many years a preacher in the Methodist church... In the separation troubles, in 1845, the Delawares went with their church to the southern branch. But Charles Ketchum adhered to the northern branch, built a church himself and kept the little remnant of the flock together...

"The interpreters for the northern branch were Charles Ketchum, Paschal Fish and Isaac Johnnycake."
----------------
Extensive notes from http://www.geocities.com/sam_cook_53/grpf2492.html :

Pascal "PAS-CAL-WE" FISH:
Census: 1856, #343 age 50

Notes:
100529
Title: Document granting land to Pascal Fish on behalf of other Fish family members
Description: This document, with President Buchanan's signature signed by a secretary, granted land to Pascal Fish and his family who were members of the "united tribe of Shawnee Indians." The land was granted under provisions of a treaty between the Shawnee Indians and the U. S. government signed May 10, 1854. Specific acreage in Johnson County was designated.
Dates: September 27, 1859
Number of Images: 1
Call Number: James Stanley Emery Collection, #339, Box 3, Folder Commissions 1854-1899
Location of Original: KSHS

Fish, Paschal aka Paschal Jackson - 1/2 Shawnee Metis born about 1792 OH-died after 1854 KS
- son of Fish aka William Jackson-adopted white & Shawnee Woman, moved to KS by 1832, Treaty 1854, husband 1st of Mary Ann Steele/95-Metis, father with Mary Ann of Leander aka Leading Turtle/1814
2nd of Jane Hohthawakawe/95,
3rd of Hester Armstrong Zane-Wyandot Metis

See KHC, vol. 9, pp. 166,167. Historian Rodney Staab of Shawnee Mission, Kansas, has furnished me with an excellent account of Chief Fish written by Fern Long. Her information conflicts somewhat with other sources, but it should not be missed by anyone doing research on the Jackson/Fish family. According to her 1978 article on Chief Fish, she agrees that he was captured as a youth and raised by the Shawnees in the band of Lewis Rogers whose daughter he married. Paschal Fish was "a large-framed man" who "also acquired the Indian ways seeming to be totally Indian." but at the same time, she says "these Shawnees had associated with white people for generations and desired a settled life with homes, schools, churches, ___and agriculture."

c) Hester Zane, lived in MO, d. 4/17/1852, bur. , m. 10/14/1846, Paschal Fish
i) Eudora Fish (1849-1877)
ii) Andrew Fish, b. 1851
iii) Leander J. Fish

Eudora Community Heritage of Our USA Bicentennial, 1776-1976
History Committee, Eudora Becentennial Committee, 1977

Pages 6-11

INDIAN LANDS
The Kanza Indians, who were the native inhabitants of northeast Kansas, were of Siouan linguistic stock, having permanent villages, cornfields and gardens along the fertile river valleys of the State of Kansas. They also hunted for meat.

The United States government adopted a plan by the mid 1820's to remove Indians from east of the Mississippi River to the "vacant" lands in the west. (The lands were not vacant but were less populated and the white man kept wanting more land, as more people came to America for freedom from persecution in Europe.) The government called it "for humanitarian and political reasons"!

A treaty with the Kanza and Osage Indians (in the southeast part of the state) in 1825 restricted their territory. This led to unclaimed land west of the Missouri river. President Jackson's Indian Policy proposed voluntary emigration of the East Indians to the land west of the Mississippi river, acted on by Congress May 28, 1830 with Indians north of Ohio to relocate in Territorial Kansas reservations which were offered to 27 Tribes, including the Shawnee.

THE SHAWNEE INDIAN TRIBE
The Shawnee Indian Tribes were settled in the eastern part of North America forested areas of Ohio, Tennessee, Pennsylvania and West Virginia, since the mid-1700's. They spoke the Algonquian language and were tribally related to the Sauk and the Fox Tribes.
Most Shawnees had migrated west to Ohio by 1786 when the Government moved the Indians west of the Mississippi river, by the Indian Removal Act of 1830, when they were forced to the smaller reservation in Kansas.

Chief Cornstalk and Chief Tecumseh struggled to hold their land (Battle of Tippecanoe) but were defeated. The Shawnee Prophet, brother of Tecumseh, peacefully accepted the proposition.

The United Tribe of Shawnees started coming to Kansas in 1825 to the Shawnee Township, Wyandotte County. By 1828 most were moved, but much of the Tribe of the Fish came in 1831. The Fish Tribe had children educated in a Friend's Mission school in Ohio. The Shawnee Indian Chief, Paschal Fish, Sr., was white and raised with Indians.

The Shawnee Reservation was from the Missouri River on the east, to the Republican River on the west, south of the Kansas River, about 150 miles long and 20 to 30 miles wide. It was almost the same size as the Delaware reservation on the north side of the Kaw River. The Reservation included a quarter of Shawnee County and Geary Counties, one third of Morris County, half of Waubaunsee, one-fifth of northern Franklin and Miami counties and all of Douglas and Johnson counties.

The Fish Tribe settled near Kansas City before moving to Eudora. At Shawnee Mission, called Johnson's Mission at first, the Fish family helped at the school operated by the Methodist Church, 1830-1862, arriving with 40 Indians and five whites. Paschal Fish, Sr., died there in 1834.

THE FISH TRIBE
The namesake of Paschal Fish, Sr., assumed leadership of the Fish Tribe at age 33. Paschal, Jr., was also known by his white name of Andrew Jackson. Pashal is not an Indian name but means Easter or Passion, and could have been given him at the Friends Mission school he attended in Ohio. Paschal was also spelled Pascel, Pascal, Paschall, Pasqual and Pescel. He was listed on the 1854 Indian census rolls for the Shawnee Tribe as 50 years of age. He had a wife, Martha, age 40, son Obadiah age 12 years, Eudora (Udora) age 9, and Leander Jackson age 7. In 1860 Mary T. was listed as a member of the family of the original deed in Eudora, so may have been born after the census. Paschal also had a foster son, an orphan, who came here and received the same portion of land as his own children, according to an early deed and abstract. His first one or two wives apparently died and he married Mary Ann Steele (nee McClure). A daughter, Jane Q. was born, but died in 1873.

Paschal's brother Charles also lived here and was 41 years old on the census roll. He must have been married and had a child, as early city records list him paying a fine for a child in 1862 and 1864. A Jesse Fish paid $3.00 in 1863 and no mention of any relationship to Paschal or Charles. John also lived here and was an influential member of the Tribe. There was also a Julia Fish, who was the wife of Leander Jackson.

In 1837-38 Paschal was listed as a blacksmith and gunsmith assistant at Fort Leavenworth. In 1847-52 he served preaching assignments in Eudora, Shawnee Mission and the Kickapoo Mission (near Weston, Mo.).

Northern Methodist Church Shawnee Indian members of Shawnee Mission who came to Eudora area were the Fish family, James Captain, Wm. Rogers, Crane, Parks, (Joe and Wm.) and the Bluejackets (Chas., Geo. and Henry.)

Paschal and other prominent Indians kept open house for early day travelers to and through Eudora on the Westport-Fremont Trail from the northeast and from the Oregon trail on the southeast, going west to Lawrence, Oregon and California.

Paschal Fish has been described as kind, friendly, educated, speaking English well, but sometimes signed his name with an X. On the Eudora deed when he sold to the German Settlement Society he wrote legibly. He probably moved to this area in the 1840's, although the land here was not given to Tribe members until the Treaty of May 10, 1854, when the Government provided 200 acres to each member of the chief's family, to be selected from the Shawnee reservation. Paschal chose 1172 1/2 acres, where the Wakarusa river joins the Kaw. They were given the right to sell their land, and he sold 774 1/2 acres in 1857 to Chicago Settlement Company.

Paschal and brother Charles operated a ferry boat across the Kansas River near the mouth of the Wakarusa. The legislature licensed him to operate the ferry a mile up and a mile down stream. DeSoto had the next ferry to the east. In 1846 a portion of Doniphan's expedition to Mexico crossed the river at Eudora on a ferry. His home was said to be where the Bob Lothholz's live, 1 mile east. These ferry boats were large flat scows (or piroughs) manned by Indians dressed in colorful shirts, shawls and headbands.

In 1854 Paschal Fish built a thatched roof hotel (store, tavern, Inn), called the Fish House, located on the 1857 Territorial Map. It was about a mile south of the river in Block no. 154, Lot no. 9 at about 17th and Main St. on the property recently sold by Mrs. Francis Skinner, half to the Highway Department for the new no. 10 highway and half to a builder. The Fish House provided meager accommodations to travelers on the early trails. An early account of an overnight stay says the sleeping room was 16' x 16' with 32 people sleeping in a mass on the floor. There was one bed with prairie hay mattress, six chairs and a fireplace, and it was overcrowded! Bedding was buffalo hides or bedding from wagons. The Territorial Governor of Kansas, Andrew Redder had to go south to Blanton's Bridge to cross, due to high water on Wakarusa and a Company of pro-slavery men at Franklin. He reached the Fish House at daylight, hiding his horse and carriage and staying hid. He left the next day. The hotel was a polling place in 1855. Reports reveal a blacksmith shop and grocery or general store in connection with the hotel. The building was later enlarged.

City records state that Paschal Fish went to Washington D.C. for the city, after Eudora was settled. Also there was Chief Johnny Cake living in Eudora area who went to see "the Great White Father", according to an article written by Mary E. Mosher, who lived here in 1865-66. There was also an interpreter, Charlie King, who could have been Charlie Fish. She wrote that a number of the Indians lived in houses of the best class, spoke good English, being educated in Mission schools.

Under Other Flags / Indian Lands / Oregon Trail / Mission / Becomes a City / Sad Years / Railroads / Business / Education
Published by West Junior High, NEH project, with permission of the Eudora Community Heritage, History Committee, Eudora Bicentennial Commission, 1977.

page 449
194. Long, Fern. "Revised Indian History re: Pascal Fish, Sr." Eudora Enterprise [Eudora, KS] June 22, 1978, 4A. This the first of three articles, traces the descendants of the Shawnee chief Pascal Fish, Sr., who brought the Lewis Rogers band of Shawnees from Missouri to the present day Kansas City area in 1830. According to information given here, this band was a portion of the Shawnees who had migrated to Missouri in 1784, settling on a branch of the Meramac River (while a majority settles around Cape Girardeau about 1803). A descendant, Charles Fish, was an interpreter at Dr. Abraham Still's Friends' Wakarusa Mission.

Jane "HOH-THA-WAH-KA-SE" UNKNOWN:
Census: 1856, #523 age 24

Footnotes
International Genealogical Index (R) [164 ] (February 7, 2005).
Fish-1805.ged [148 ].
Date of Import: 7 Feb 2005.
Ibid.
Date of Import: 7 Feb 2005.
Ibid.
Date of Import: 7 Feb 2005.
International Genealogical Index (R) [164 ] (February 7, 2005).
Fish-1805.ged [148 ].
Date of Import: 7 Feb 2005.
Ibid.
Date of Import: 7 Feb 2005.
Ibid.
Date of Import: 7 Feb 2005.

From Wikipedia - Eudora, Kansas
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudora%2C_Kansas

"In 1856 , three members of a German Immigrant Settlement Company (called Deutsche-Neusiedlungsverein) from Chicago , sent out a location committee to choose a town site in the new Indian Territory , which had been opened up to settlement by the Kansas-Nebraska Bill , passed in May 1854 . Both pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups flocked to this territory.
"The three Germans sent to the present site were H. Heimann, F. Barteldes and C. Scheifer. Favoring the Eudora area, they drew up contracts with Chief Paschal Fish for 774 1/2 acres, from the Kansas River to the south for about a mile (over 200 blocks total), with two public squares and a park. In February 1857 , Chief Fish entered into contracts with the Trustees of the Chicago Verein for purchase of the land "to secure a more perfect title" at a price of $10,000. Fish bought back on the same day the odd numbered lots of at least three blocks between the Kaw and Wakarusa rivers.

"A map of Douglas County drawn up in early 1857, before Eudora was a town, shows only four townships in the county with Eudora included in the Wakarusa township.

"A group of 16 men, 4 women, and some children had came in the spring of 1857 to begin settling at the site. Peter Hartig, age 34, was the leader of this Chicago group, and he was accompanied by his wife. The Society paid expenses for the settlers. Eight more men, who paid their own way, came later. The formal title, signed by an Indian Agent named Newsom, was drawn up on February 4 , 1860 .

"The town's name was derived from the name of Chief Paschal Fish's 13-year old daughter; it is a name of Greek derivation meaning "giving" or "generous." Chief Fish said that if they did this there would never be a tornado to touch down in Eudora. There hasn't been a tornado there to this day."

  Birth Notes:

www.whatsineudora.com has birth year as 1805.

http://www.geocities.com/sam_cook_53/grpf2492.html has b. 1809 in Shawnee Tribe, Kansas Territory, Kansas.

Historic Names of the Shawnee in the 1700s - http://www.shawnee-traditions.com/Names-7.html
has b. abt 1792 in Ohio.

  Noted events in his life were:

• Moved: to Kansas Territory, by 1832.

• Established: Wakarusa Indian Mission, 1848, Eudora, Kansas, United States.

• Sold: 800 acres to German Settlement Society from Chicago, Feb 1857, Eudora, Kansas, United States.

• Bought back: the odd-numbered lots of at least three blocks between the Kaw and Wakarusa rivers, Feb 1857.

• Moved: From Eudora to Indian Territory near Miami, Oklahoma, 1870, Miami, Oklahoma.

Paschal married Julia Parks on 2 Mar 1889.

Paschal next married Mary Ann Steele.