The Johnson-Wallace & Fish-Kirk Families

1. George Michael Fish,¹ ² ³ son of LeRoy Paschal Fish and Carol Jean Kirk, was born on 14 Feb 1953 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States and was christened on 22 May 1954 in Sacred Heart, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.

• First Communion: 23 Apr 1961, Winslow, Navajo, Arizona, United States. Source: LeRoy Paschal Fish family Bible.

• Confirmation: 20 Feb 1965, St. Mary's, Palmdale, Los Angeles, California, United States. Confirmation name Peter.

George married Jennifer Laraine Tatem, daughter of Kenneth Earl Tatem and Phala Carmen Jordan, on 10 Jun 1980 in Mormon Temple, Washington, District of Columbia, United States.⁴ The marriage ended in divorce in 1985. Jennifer was born on 18 Sep 1959 in Fort Stewart, Liberty, Georgia, United States.

• Graduation: from Tallahassee Community College School of Nursing, 10 Dec 2009, Tallahassee, Leon, Florida, United States.

i. David Aaron Fish (Relationship to Father: Biological, Relationship to Mother: Biological ) was born on 17 May 1981 in Tallahassee, Leon, Florida, United States.

ii. Kenneth LeRoy Fish (Relationship to Father: Biological, Relationship to Mother: Biological ) was born on 14 Jan 1983 in Tallahassee, Leon, Florida, United States.

iii. Michelle Laraine Fish (Relationship to Father: Biological, Relationship to Mother: Biological ) was born on 14 Dec 1983 in Tallahassee, Leon, Florida, United States.

George next married Karen Gail Johnson,⁵ daughter of DeWayne Burton Johnson and Lorna Doone Wallace, on 30 Jun 1990 in Northridge, Los Angeles, California, United States. Karen was born on 2 Aug 1947 in Berkeley, Alameda, California, United States.

i. David Aaron Fish (Relationship to Father: Biological, Relationship to Mother: Step ) was born on 17 May 1981 in Tallahassee, Leon, Florida, United States.

ii. Kenneth LeRoy Fish (Relationship to Father: Biological, Relationship to Mother: Step ) was born on 14 Jan 1983 in Tallahassee, Leon, Florida, United States.

iii. Michelle Laraine Fish (Relationship to Father: Biological, Relationship to Mother: Step ) was born on 14 Dec 1983 in Tallahassee, Leon, Florida, United States.

Second Generation

2. LeRoy Paschal Fish,⁶ ⁷ son of Joseph Pascal Fish and Clara Mae Carnal, was born on 21 Aug 1928 in Peoria, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States, was christened on 15 Aug 1948 in Sambongi, Japan, died on 6 Sep 1983 in Rex Hospital, Raleigh, Wake, North Carolina, United States at age 55, and was buried in Raleigh Memorial Park, Raleigh, Wake, North Carolina, United States.

Death Notes: Source: Certificate of Death.
Cause of Death: Metastatic adenocarcinoma

State of North Carolina Inheritance and Estate Tax Certification File No. 83-E-1060:
:In the Matter of the Estate of: Deceased LeRoy Paschal Fish, Date of Death September 6, 1983"

Research Notes: From memoirs of Carol Jean Kirk Fish around 2002:

LeRoy Paschal Fish was born August 21, 1928 in Ottawa County Oklahoma. The mailing address was Baxter Springs Kansas. He was born at home to Clara May Carnal Fish and Joseph Paschal Fish. Clara's father was Solomon Carnal and Joseph's was Leander Jackson Fish. His Grandmother was Mary but I know nothing more about that.

When Joseph was about 12 years old his father served as representative of the Quapaw tribe in Washington DC. Joseph got to be a congressional page. By blood they were primarily Wyandotte-Shawnee, Miami and Delaware, but Paschal Fish, Leander's father, had sold his headright in the Shawnee tribe and been adopted by the Quapaw in Northeastern Oklahoma.

LeRoy was the third child of his mother's marriage; Mary Kathryn was four yrs old and Dorothy May was 18 months. Four years later Frederick Marvin was born, but he died at age two from eating glass from a broken sugar bowl. I do not know that even in this day and age anything could be done for him, but nothing could be done then. Later Clara Eudora was born in 1935 then Wynona Francis in 1937. Their mother was either pregnant with Wynona or Wynona was only three months old when Mr. Fish died of what was believed to be Bright's Disease. LeRoy was 9 years old.

The previous year LeRoy had colitis so badly he had a temperature of 108 degrees and was packed in ice. Although he was in a coma a good deal of the time, he can remember people praying over him. When he came back to the world his mom had little porcelain dogs for him. He said, "they won't have fleas."

The place where they lived was very rural and often if a neighbor wanted to visit in the evening, he or she carried a lantern to light the way. There is a legend in the area about a mysterious light that could be seen coming down the road. LeRoy said that once when his parents sent him to meet the coming guest, there was no one there. According to the story, the corps of engineers investigated these phenomena but found no reason for it. it was called the "Spook Light" and a lot of teenagers used this as an excuse to park on that road and "wait for the light." there are a lot of legends in the area, it is definitely Indian territory; but this is the most popular one.

After Mr. Fish died life became very hard for the family. Clara married the brother of her sister's husband. They lived in Colorado and missed a whole year of school because of weather. ... Clara went back to Oklahoma where she worked in a cafe in Commerce. The two younger girls were placed in a home in Oklahoma City because she couldn't provide for them. Years later when LeRoy got a military allotment for them when he was in the Army Air Force they were able to return Home. I don't know where Kathryn was during this period. At age 14 after a lot of bad happenings for her she divorced him and came home. I think this was when she started working at the drug store. Sometime during this period LeRoy was sent to live with his Uncle Earl Carnal in Arizona. Earl had 2 daughters and a son. LeRoy felt like a true outsider, treated he felt as a poor relation instead of a nephew who was loved. Sometime in here he rode the bus back to Commerce. He had to hunt to find out where his mom was and from that point he stayed with her until he graduated from high school and joined the Army Air Force (it was some time later that Arizona Air Force became separate from the Army).

When he was in the military, he quickly rose to Sergeant and was head of the radar shop where he worked. He was the youngest person there so he grew a mustache to look older. This was in occupied Japan. Although the war was over, the status was still wartime because of the dangers involved in occupying a country.

I know very little else about his early years.

LeRoy married Carol Jean Kirk ⁸ on 24 Jun 1950 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.⁹ Carol was born on 8 Jul 1932 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States, died on 7 Feb 2008 in Raleigh, Wake, North Carolina, United States^¹⁰ at age 75, and was buried on 9 Feb 2008 in Raleigh Memorial Park, Raleigh, Wake, North Carolina, United States.

• Holy Matrimony: in Holy Roman Catholic Church, 22 May 1954, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States. Recorded in LeRoy Paschal Fish family Bible.

i. David Paschal Fish ² ¹¹ ¹² was born on 7 Apr 1951 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States, was christened on 22 May 1954 in Sacred Heart, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States, and died on 28 Sep 1979 at age 28.

iii. Gregory LeRoy Fish ² ¹¹ was born on 18 Dec 1954 in Parsons, Labette, Kansas, United States and was christened on 30 Jan 1955 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.

iv. Theresa Lynn Fish ² ¹¹ was born on 29 Dec 1956 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States and was christened on 20 Jan 1957 in Saints Peter and Paul, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States.

v. Mark Joseph Fish ² ¹¹ was born on 17 Feb 1958 in Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States and was christened on 9 Mar 1958 in St. John Catholic Church, Bartlesville, Washington, Oklahoma.

3. Carol Jean Kirk,⁸ daughter of George Edward Kirk and Hattie Switzer, was born on 8 Jul 1932 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States, died on 7 Feb 2008 in Raleigh, Wake, North Carolina, United States^¹⁰ at age 75, and was buried on 9 Feb 2008 in Raleigh Memorial Park, Raleigh, Wake, North Carolina, United States.

Birth Notes: Standard Certificate of Birth
Oklahoma State Board of Health
Bureau of Vital Statistics
Oklahoma City, Okla.
Place of Birth: Ottawa County, city of Miami
Name: Carol Jean Kirk
Date of Birth: 7-8-32
Father:
Geo[rge] Kirk, Miami, Okla., White, 26, born Okla., laborer
Hattie Suntze [sic], Miami, White, 25, born Ark,

General Notes: From Theresa Fish Smith 8 July 2010:
Happy Birthday to Mema, 7-8-1932. Her favorite Birthday Dinner _ Hot Dogs with mustard and onions, dessert - Banana Split.

Research Notes: Family records of Carol Jean (Kirk) Fish and George Michael Fish.

From memoirs of Carol Kirk Fish:
"To continue with my young memories, when I was six years old, we went to California, as did a lot of 'Okies' seeking better living because of the job situation. Daddy had rheumatoid arthritis, and with the depression job situation, even able-bodied men had trouble finding good work. There were five children by this time, and unbeknownst to me, the sixth one on the way. We all loaded our worldly possessions into a Model B Ford sedan and headed west on Route 66. I don't recall much in detail and I probably only heard about it and understood through a six year olds mind, but when we arrived in Bakersfield, we turned around without even stopping and headed back to Miami, Oklahoma. I recall a terrible odor and assumed people made it, but it was probably smoke from factories. On the return trip we stayed at a motel only once and it had an outside toilet."

"When I was in second grade we lived in a house Dad built near my grandparents and uncles and aunts. One summer evening we had a tornado or a cyclone. We all gathered in my grandparent's house and we children had to stay under tables, etc. The men actually held up the walls of the house. After it was over, we went to our own home, but it was sitting halfway off the foundation. I assume we slept at my grandparents that night. We had oil lamps with heavy bases and thin globes, and I recall one base was broken, but no globes.

"I remember in second grade when they passed out ages of children for the needy program, some children the ages of my brothers and sisters were not there and I went and whispered to the teacher that this was an oversight, since I knew we were among the needy. This was one of those embarrassing moments, but I didn't want any one of us left out so I did speak to her. She explained to me that our family had been chosen already by a group and that was why our ages weren't there. In looking back, I know I had a lot of courage to talk to her and that I probably embarrassed her too."

"I remember the times dad blew warm cigarette smoke in our ears when we had earache. Dad was a very warm loving man and mom was the one who pushed us to learn and better ourselves, both of them were good parents who did everything they could to make our lives good and happy."

"The 17th year of my life was one of the most eventful. I met my husband that summer before my senior year in high-school. His sister and I both worked in the same drug store, she as a cosmetologist and I as a soda jerk. It was a drug store in which my older brother and sister had worked. It was on the corner of Main and 1st Avenue in Miami, Oklahoma. I grew up there and went through all my high-school years at Miami High. Junior high was in the same complex. I was a good student and sort of planning a medical career when He came along. I remember well that I did my junior essay on medicine, but my senior I did it on roller skating which was my sporting passion. We dated all through that year. He was a freshman at the junior college there, having spent his time in the Army Air Force after high-school graduation. He really had a problem with my age I believe, because he always treated me as if I were soo much younger. But a few weeks into the summer after he had left for LA to attend UCLA he called and asked me to marry him. Of course, I said yes. I was devastated when he went away. I had told my Mom I was going to join the WACs when I was 18, just a few weeks away. She preferred that I marry rather than THAT. So she signed for me to marry. We were married on June 24th by a Justice of the Peace with only a couple of friends as witnesses. The JP chewed tobacco during the ceremony and spelled LeRoy's middle name incorrectly. But we were married. We went to Noel, Missouri for the night. It was a teen-age place then. Since then, the area has become something of a resort town. we spent our second night in a motel in Miami, then left on Monday by train for LA. I had never ridden a train; I had never seen a city as large as Kansas City, Missouri, where we changed to the Silver Streak for LA. It was a fairy-tale kind of trip. The dining car was sumptuous; we did not have berths or a compartment to save money. But we managed to enjoy the whole ride since we were so young and didn't really sleep. When we arrived in the LA station it was again a fairy tale land. The station was like a castle and when we left the station and were outside once again a magic land with palm trees and hibiscus and many kinds of flora. We walked to Olvera Street which was a Mexican paradise, and we ate hot food and walked around. It is still there. I went with my son and his wife and son when I was there last year [1999 or 2000]. We caught a city bus to Santa Monica which was where his sister lived. The Pacific Palisades were fantastic. When we arrived there, we walked to her place of work, picked up a key and went to her apartment. She and her husband had a TV, which I certainly had seen before but never owned. When they got home we toured the city a bit, but didn't go near the Pacific because LeRoy wanted to show me that on his own. They had rented us an apartment, actually the lower floor of an old house in Venice, and we had a car which they had sold LeRoy. The next day the first thing we did was go to the ocean. So vast and noisy and beautiful, but also so cold! Venice as a beach town was one curious shop after the other."
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Obituary and memorial bookmark from Carol's funeral:

Carol Kirk Fish "Mema"

RALEIGH, NC: Carol Kirk Fish, 75, entered into eternal rest on Thursday morning, February 7, 2008. Born on July 8, 1932 in Miami, Oklahoma; she was the daughter of the late George and Hattie Switzer Kirk.

Carol was a member of St. Joseph's Catholic Church in Raleigh and was a wonderful and nurturing homemaker and mother.

She is survived by her four children: George Michael Fish and wife Karen, of Slymar Park, CA [sic], Gregory LeRoy Fish and wife Sharon, of Tallahassee, FL, Theresa Fish Smith and husband Eric and Mark Joseph Fish, of Wake Forest, NC, of Raleigh; by her seven grandchildren: David Aaron Fish, Kenneth LeRoy Fish, Michelle Laraine Fish, Erica Lynn Smith, Curtis Watson Smith, Margo Leanne Layerd, and Danielle Paschal Fish; by her seven great-grandchildren and "one on the way"; and by her siblings: Buddy Kirk and Joy teal, both of Oklahoma.

Carol was preceded in death by her husband: LeRoy P. Fish; by her son: David Paschal Fish; and by her siblings: Bob Kirk, Jimmie Kirk and Pat Wright.

Family will receive friends on Saturday, February 9th from 12 Noon until time of service at St. Joseph's Catholic Church on Poole Road. A funeral Mass will be held at 1 PM, with Committal Services to follow at Raleigh Memorial Park.

• Moved: to California from Oklahoma, 1938. then turned around in Bakersfield, California, and returned to Oklahoma.

Carol married LeRoy Paschal Fish ⁶ ⁷ on 24 Jun 1950 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.⁹ LeRoy was born on 21 Aug 1928 in Peoria, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States, was christened on 15 Aug 1948 in Sambongi, Japan, died on 6 Sep 1983 in Rex Hospital, Raleigh, Wake, North Carolina, United States at age 55, and was buried in Raleigh Memorial Park, Raleigh, Wake, North Carolina, United States.

Third Generation

4. Joseph Pascal Fish,³ ¹³ ¹⁴ son of Leander Jackson "Leading Turtle" Fish and Mary Kathern Large, was born on 21 Jan 1895 in Douthat, Indian Territory, (Ottawa), Oklahoma, United States, died on 23 Jul 1937 in Indian Hospital, Claremore, Rogers, Oklahoma, United States at age 42, and was buried in Newman Cemetery, [NE of Miami, ] Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.^¹⁵

Birth Notes: Family Bible of his son LeRoy has b. in Douthatt, Okla (Indian Territory)

Joseph married Clara Mae Carnal ³ ¹⁶ on 29 Oct 1921 in Galena, Cherokee, Kansas, United States. Clara was born on 10 Jun 1903 in Lincolnville, (Ottawa), Oklahoma, United States, died on 18 Dec 1972 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States at age 69, and was buried in Newman Cemetery, [NE of Miami, ] Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.^¹⁷

i. Mary Kathryn Fish was born on 9 May 1925 in Peoria, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States, died on 2 Dec 1989 at age 64, and was buried in Newman Cemetery [NE of Miami], Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.^¹⁸

ii. Dorothy May Fish was born on 29 Dec 1926 in Kansas City, Missouri, United States.

2 iii. LeRoy Paschal Fish ⁶ ⁷ (born on 21 Aug 1928 in Peoria, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States - died on 6 Sep 1983 in Rex Hospital, Raleigh, Wake, North Carolina, United States)

iv. Frederic Marvin "Jack" Fish was born on 8 May 1932 in Peoria, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States and died on 4 Apr 1934 at age 1.

v. Wynona Francis Fish was born on 29 Mar 1937 in Peoria, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.

vi. Claire Eudora Fish was born on 3 Jan 1939 in Peoria, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.

5. Clara Mae Carnal,³ ¹⁶ daughter of Solomon Madison Carnal and Hattie Eudora Thomas, was born on 10 Jun 1903 in Lincolnville, (Ottawa), Oklahoma, United States, died on 18 Dec 1972 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States at age 69, and was buried in Newman Cemetery, [NE of Miami, ] Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.^¹⁷

Birth Notes: Family Bible of her son LeRoy has b. in Douthatt, Okla (Indian Territory)

Burial Notes: According to Claire Eudora (Fish) Warner 2/13/09, "a Zane was a pallbearer" at her funeral.

From FindaGrave.com:

Clara Mae Carnal Fish Martin.

Daughter of William A. and Emma Carnal.

She married Joseph P. Fish.

He preceded her in death.

Mother of Mary Kathryn Cook.

Research Notes: The LeRoy Paschal Fish family Bible (has born in Douthat, OK).

From FindaGrave.com 7 Jun 2011 (may be inaccurate):
"Daughter of William A. and Emma Carnal."

Clara married Joseph Pascal Fish ³ ¹³ ¹⁴ on 29 Oct 1921 in Galena, Cherokee, Kansas, United States. Joseph was born on 21 Jan 1895 in Douthat, Indian Territory, (Ottawa), Oklahoma, United States, died on 23 Jul 1937 in Indian Hospital, Claremore, Rogers, Oklahoma, United States at age 42, and was buried in Newman Cemetery, [NE of Miami, ] Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.^¹⁵

6. George Edward Kirk,³ son of George Robert Kirk and Grace Elizabeth Parsons, was born on 2 Feb 1906 in <Centralia>, Oklahoma Territory (Oklahoma), United States and died on 25 Sep 1961 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States at age 55.

George married Hattie Switzer ³ ¹⁹ on 31 Oct 1925 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States. Hattie was born on 10 Jan 1907 in Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States, was christened in 1975 in Church of the Nazarene, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States, and died on 23 Apr 1991 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States^²⁰ at age 84.

i. Joyce Clotene Kirk ¹¹ ²¹ was born on 25 Jun 1927 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States, died on 25 Jan 2010 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States at age 82, and was buried in G.A.R. Cemetery, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.

ii. George Edward "Buddy" Kirk, Jr. ²² was born on 3 Jun 1930 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States and died before 2010.

3 iii. Carol Jean Kirk ⁸ (born on 8 Jul 1932 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States - died on 7 Feb 2008 in Raleigh, Wake, North Carolina, United States)

7. Hattie Switzer,³ ¹⁹ daughter of Daniel Wesley Switzer and Georgia Augusta Seitz, was born on 10 Jan 1907 in Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States, was christened in 1975 in Church of the Nazarene, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States, and died on 23 Apr 1991 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States^²⁰ at age 84.

Hattie married George Edward Kirk ³ on 31 Oct 1925 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States. George was born on 2 Feb 1906 in <Centralia>, Oklahoma Territory (Oklahoma), United States and died on 25 Sep 1961 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States at age 55.

Fourth Generation

8. Leander Jackson "Leading Turtle" Fish, son of Chief Paschal "Pas-Cal-We" Fish and Jane "Hoh-tha-wa-ka-se" Quinney, was born on 7 May 1852 in (Wyandotte), Kansas Territory (Kansas), United States, died in 1912 in [near Quapaw], Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States at age 60, and was buried in G.A.R. Cemetery, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.

Birth Notes: Birth date needs further research.
At least one source says that the 1854 Indian Census lists Leander as age 7 (i.e., born 1846 or 1847). Captions accompanying photographs of Jackson Fish by Dinwiddie in 1896, archived in the Smithsonian Institution, say that he was born in 1855 in Wayndotte, Oklahoma.

Burial Notes: Lot 20, Block 3, Grave 6, Grand Army of the Republic Cemetery, Miami, Oklahoma

Research Notes: Text accompanying a photographic reproduction from the Smithsonian Institution acquired between 1970-1985.
Joseph Pascal T.(?) Fish
Age 10 in 1905
His father was Leander Jackson Fish. We are assuming that this photo of "Jackson Fish" is that man and that Joseph P.T. Fish is Joseph Pascal Fish.
aka Jackson Fish, Leading Turtle

Look at % of each tribe in Jackson's father & mother.
Jackson Fish's father [Paschal Fish] was half Shawnee, one eighth Miami and one sixteenth Delaware.
Jackson Fish's mother [Mary Ann Steele?] was one fourth Wyandotte (Huron).

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"If duplicated, please credit Smithsonian Institution National Anthropological Archives, Bureau of American Ethnology Collection.
Public inquiry 202/357-2700
catalog of current items 800/322-0344

"Neg. No. 978 Tribe: Shawnee

"Tribe: SHAWNEE
Name: Pi'saa'ka or Leading Turtle. Mixed blood - Wyandot, Shawnee and white. Called L. J. Fish. With Joseph P. T. Fish, his son.
Home: Quapaw Agency, Okla.
By Gill, 1905

"Leading Turtle, also called Jackson Fish, with Joseph P. T. Fish, his son. Jackson Fish's father was half Shawnee, one eighth Miami and one sixteenth Delaware; his mother was one fourth Wyandotte (Huron). Home: Quapaw Agency, Oklahoma.
By Delancy Gill of the B.A.E., Washington, D.C., 1905."

"No. 764-a
Family: Algonquin
Tribe: Shawnee
Name: Pi-sã-'k or Leading Turtle. Called Jackson Fish. Mixed blood. (Father, Pasquel Fish, 1/2 Shawnee, 1/8 Miami, 1/16 Delaware; Chief of the Shawnees. Mother 1/4 Wyandotte).
Born: 1855
Home: Wyandotte, Okla.
By Dinwiddie, 1896"

"No. 764-b
Family: Algonquian
Tribe: Shawnee
Name: Pi-sã-'k or Leading Turtle. Called Jackson Fish. Mixed blood - Shawnee, Miami, Delaware, Wyandotte. Father, Pasqual Fish, chief of the Shawnees. Mother Wyandotte).
Born: 1855
Home: Wyandotte, Okla.
By Dinwiddie, 1896"

These photographs may be of a different person:
"No. 1069-a
Family: Muskhogean
Tribe: Chickasaw
Name: Jackson Fish. Mixed blood.
Home: Stonewall, Chickasaw Nation, Okla.
By Dinwiddie, 1896"

"No. 1069-B
Family: Muskhogean
Tribe: Chickasaw
Name: Jackson Fish. Mixed blood.
Home: Stonewall, Chickasaw Nation, Okla.
By Dinwiddie, 1896"
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From http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/kansas/ :
Quapaw . Between 1833 and 1867 lands in the southeastern tip of Kansas belonged to their reserve in Indian Territory (Oklahoma), but in the latter year they ceded this back to the Government. (See Arkansas .)

Shawnee . In 1825 the Shawnee residing in Missouri received a grant of land along the south side of Kansas River, west of the boundary of Missouri. In 1831 they were joined by another body of Shawnee who had formerly lived at Wapaghkonnetta and on Hog Creek, Ohio. In 1854 nearly all of this land was re-ceded to the United States Government and the tribe moved to Indian Territory, the present Oklahoma. (See Tennessee .)

Wyandot . The Wyandot purchased land in eastern Kansas on Missouri River from the Delaware in 1843 and parted with it again in 1850. A few Wyandot also held title to land along with other tribes on the border of Oklahoma and re-ceded it along with them in 1867. (See Ohio .)
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From The Emigrant Tribes: Wyandot, Delaware & Shawnee, A Chronology by Larry Hancks:
1856
August 19; the new Wyandot Tribal Council requests that the Wyandott Commissioners make modifications in the treaty lists: to strike out Eudora Fish and Leander J. Fish (children of Paschal and Hester Zane Fish), and Sarah Zane, and to add Sarah Barbee (formerly Sarah Sarrahess), Rosanna Stone and her daughter Martha Driver, and all infants born between March 1 and December 8, 1855. The case of Noah E. Zane is to be reexamined.

• Census: U.S., 16 Jul 1870, Eudora, Douglas, Kansas, United States. ²³ Fish Paschall, 65, M, Indian, Indian Chief, real estate $2600, presonal estate $350, b. Missouri, unable to vote
Fish Jane, 50, F, Indian, no occupation, b. Missouri, cannot read, cannot write
Fish Leander, 18, M, Indian, no occupation, b. Kansas, cannot read, cannot write

Leander married Mary Kathern Large.²⁴ ²⁵ ²⁶ ²⁷ Mary was born on 6 May 1874 in St. Paul, Neosho, Kansas, United States, died on 11 Aug 1939 at age 65, and was buried on 14 Aug 1939 in G.A.R. Cemetery, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.

4 i. Joseph Pascal Fish ³ ¹³ ¹⁴ (Relationship to Father: Biological ) (born on 21 Jan 1895 in Douthat, Indian Territory, (Ottawa), Oklahoma, United States - died on 23 Jul 1937 in Indian Hospital, Claremore, Rogers, Oklahoma, United States)

9. Mary Kathern Large,²⁴ ²⁵ ²⁶ ²⁷ daughter of Richard Joseph Large and Mary Jane Davidson, was born on 6 May 1874 in St. Paul, Neosho, Kansas, United States, died on 11 Aug 1939 at age 65, and was buried on 14 Aug 1939 in G.A.R. Cemetery, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.

Research Notes:
1880 U.S. Census records have:
b. abt. 1876 in Kansas, daughter of Richard Large.

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Possibly the most accurate source is Mary Jane Power McCarty (http://boards.ancestry.com/surnames.martin/2944.1/mb.ashx ):

Children of Richard Joseph and Mary Jane Large:
Mary Kathern (Large) Fish, Wills b. 5-6-1874, St. Paul, Neosho County, Kansas. Buried GAR Cemetary, Miami, Oklahoma, died 8-14-1939. ( Her last husband was BOB WILLS, of BOB WILLS and the TEXAS PLAYBOYS)

DDora Rena (Large) Thomas b. 2-4-1875, Platt County, Missouri. Married Donald Thomas, they had one son, Nathan Thomas.

Della Therisia (Large) Carnal, Boggs: b. 12-23-1879, in St.Paul, Neosho County, Kansas. Died 8-12-1956, buried GAR Cemetary, Miami, Okahoma, under the name of DELLA CARNAL.

Thomas James Large: b. 8-23-1882, Bourbon County, Kansas. d. 10-5-1932.

John Henry Large: b. 7-8-1885, Bourbon County, Kansas, now Ft. Scott, Kansas. He married Allie F. Brand, 10-3-1914, Miami, Oklahoma. He died 10-16-1935, of T.B., at the time of his death he lived in Douthat, Oklahoma. He is buried in the GAR Cemetery, Miami, Oklahoma. Funeral Records are held by Jim Thomas Funeral Home, Miami, Oklahoma, services were conducted by Lane Funeral Home.

Bertie Samuel Large: b. 3-24-1891, Baxter Springs, Kansas, Cherokee County. died 8-25-1930. Twin of Gertrude Elnora Large.

Gertrude Elnora (Large) Long, b. 3-24-1891, Baxter Springs, Cherokee County, Kansas. Married Kenneth Long, had three children, Pearl Herbert, Glenn Long. Gertrude died 1931 or 1932, in Hollister California.

Herman Leroy Large: b. 5-23-1893, Indian Territory, Quapaw Reservation, Quapaw, Oklahoma.

Nathan Landon Large, b. 5-9-1888, Seneca, Newton County, Missouri. Married Alta Florence Rinehart, 3-12-1911. North Miami, Oklahoma. He died 12-8-1922, Douthat, Oklahoma of pneumonia, buried at Melrose Kansas, Fairview Cemetery.
Green-Stephens Undertaking Co. handled Funeral services.(of Picher, Oklahoma)

Mary married Leander Jackson "Leading Turtle" Fish. Leander was born on 7 May 1852 in (Wyandotte), Kansas Territory (Kansas), United States, died in 1912 in [near Quapaw], Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States at age 60, and was buried in G.A.R. Cemetery, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.

10. Solomon Madison Carnal,²⁹ son of William Henry Carnal and Carra A. Carnal, was born on 20 Jan 1872 in Bolivar, Polk, Missouri, United States, died on 20 Dec 1956 in Picher, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States at age 84, and was buried in G.A.R. Cemetery, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.

Birth Notes: May have been born in Saint Clair, Missouri (FamilySearch?). FindaGrave.com has Bolivar, Missouri.

Research Notes: From FamilySearch.org:
1880 U.S. Census Johnson, Polk, Missouri :
Birth Year
Birthplace MO
Age 7
Occupation At School
Marital Status S
Race W
Head of Household William CARNAL
Relation Son
Father's Birthplace TN
Mother's Birthplace NC

Solomon married Hattie Eudora Thomas ³¹ in McDonald Co., Missouri, United States. Hattie was born on 25 Feb 1884, died on 11 Feb 1927 at age 42, and was buried in G.A.R. Cemetery, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.

i. Lily Edith Carnal was born on 1 Dec 1900 and died in Alamosa, Colorado, United States.

5 ii. Clara Mae Carnal ³ ¹⁶ (born on 10 Jun 1903 in Lincolnville, (Ottawa), Oklahoma, United States - died on 18 Dec 1972 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States)

iii. William Earl Carnal was born on 1 Sep 1905 and died before 31 Mar 1997 in Globe, Gila, Arizona, United States.

iv. Willis Haskell Carnal ³² was born on 18 Sep 1907 in Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States, died in Aug 1941 at age 33, and was buried in G.A.R. Cemetery, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.

v. Grace Ellen Carnal was born on 15 Sep 1910 and died in Tow, Llano, Texas, United States.

vi. Goldie Elsie Carnal was born on 11 Nov 1914 and died in Globe, Gila, Arizona, United States.

11. Hattie Eudora Thomas,³¹ daughter of Albert Americus Thomas and Nancy Arminta Dobbs, was born on 25 Feb 1884, died on 11 Feb 1927 at age 42, and was buried in G.A.R. Cemetery, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.

Hattie married Solomon Madison Carnal ²⁹ in McDonald Co., Missouri, United States. Solomon was born on 20 Jan 1872 in Bolivar, Polk, Missouri, United States, died on 20 Dec 1956 in Picher, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States at age 84, and was buried in G.A.R. Cemetery, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.

12. George Robert Kirk,¹⁶ son of Richard J. Kirk and Martha A. Crook, was born on 19 Aug 1872 in Nevada, Vernon, Missouri, United States, died on 30 Jun 1944 in Miami, (Ottawa), Oklahoma, United States at age 71, and was buried on 2 Jul 1944 in <G.A.R. Cemetery>, Miami, (Ottawa), Oklahoma, United States.

Birth Notes: FamilySearch has b. 19 Aug 1872 in Nevada, Vernon, Missouri. Another source has 1872 in Tennessee.

Death Notes: FamilySearch has d. 30 Jun 1944 in Miami, OK. Another source has d. July 1944 in Miami, OK.

George married Grace Elizabeth Parsons ¹⁶ on 17 Sep 1892 in Girard, Crawford, Kansas, United States. Grace was born on 11 Feb 1876 in Fort Scott, Bourbon, Kansas, United States, died on 26 Nov 1951 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States at age 75, and was buried on 27 Nov 1951 in G.A.R. Cemetery, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.

6 ii. George Edward Kirk ³ (born on 2 Feb 1906 in <Centralia>, Oklahoma Territory (Oklahoma), United States - died on 25 Sep 1961 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States)

iii. Louis Matthew Kirk ³³ was born on 8 Oct 1908 in Oklahoma, United States, died in 1976 in <Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States> at age 68, and was buried in Coal Creek Cemetery, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.

13. Grace Elizabeth Parsons,¹⁶ daughter of James Densmore Parsons and Nancy Jane White, was born on 11 Feb 1876 in Fort Scott, Bourbon, Kansas, United States, died on 26 Nov 1951 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States at age 75, and was buried on 27 Nov 1951 in G.A.R. Cemetery, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.

Grace married George Robert Kirk ¹⁶ on 17 Sep 1892 in Girard, Crawford, Kansas, United States. George was born on 19 Aug 1872 in Nevada, Vernon, Missouri, United States, died on 30 Jun 1944 in Miami, (Ottawa), Oklahoma, United States at age 71, and was buried on 2 Jul 1944 in <G.A.R. Cemetery>, Miami, (Ottawa), Oklahoma, United States.

Birth Notes: Switzer family records (via Barbara Holman 7 Sep 2006) state that he was born in Illinois.

Research Notes: From Letter from Barbara L. Holman, September 7, 2006 to Switzer descendents with family tree "The Switzer Family Heritage":
"**DANIEL WESLEY SWITZER, born June 11, 1872 in Illinois, and married June 17, 1894, in Searcy County Arkansas to Georgia Augusta Seitz. Daniel died May 26, 1951 in Miami, Oklahoma, Ottawa County"
-------
From http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=cathyconn&id=I239

1900 U.S. Census Searcy Co. AR:
Switzer, Dan, H, M, JA 72, 27, M 06, AR AR AR 001
Gussie, W, F, AP 74, 26, M, 06, 03, 02 AR GA
Fonzo, S, M, FE 95, 05, S, AR AR AR
Mosco, S, M, AP 97, 03, S, AR AR AR
Florence, D, F, FE 00, 03/12, S, AR AR AR
Henry, FA, M, DE 43, 56, WW, AR MO MO MO

1910 U.S. Census Searcy Co. AR:
Switzer, Dan W., Husband, Male, age 36, Married 1 for 16 years AR, MO, AR
(Seitz) Augusta, Wife, Female, age 33, Married 1 for 16 years, 6 children born, 4 living, AR, GA, GA
Fonzo, Son, Male, age 14, Single, AR, AR, AR
Mattie, Daughter, Female, age 7, Single, AR, AR, AR
Grover, Son Male, age 5, Single, AR, AR, AR
Hattie, Daughter, Female, Age 3, Single, AR, AR, AR

1920 U.S. Census Boone Co., AR:
Switzer, Daniel, head, male, age 46, married, can read & write, AR, MO, MO
Gussie, wife, age 37, read & write, AR, GA, GA
Mattie, daughter, age 16 attending school, read & write, AR, AR, AR
Grayson, son, 14, attending school, read & write, AR, AR, AR
Hattie, daughter, 12, attending school, read & write, AR, AR, AR
Hazel, daughter, 9, attending school, read & write, AR, AR, AR
Fay, son, 6, AR, AR, AR
Bruce, son, 1 year and 10 months, AR, AR, AR

1930 U.S. Census Miami, Ottawa Co., OK:
Switzer, Daniel, head, No, M, W, 56, Widowed, AR, TN, AR, carpenter
Hazel, daughter, 19
Fay, son, 16
Robert B., son, 12

• Charged: with disturbing the peace, 1899, Marshall, Searcy, Arkansas, United States. Jury trial, found not guilty

• Census: U.S., 4 Jun 1900, St. Joe, Searcy, Arkansas, United States. ³⁸ Switzer, Dan, Head of Household, White, Male, born June 1872, Age 27, Married 6 years. Born Arkansas, parents born Arkansas. Farmer, renting.
Gussie,wife, W F Apr 1874 age 26 Married 6 years, mother of 3, 2 surviving, born Arkansas, parents born Georgia..
Fonzo, son, W M Feb. 1845 age 5 Single, born Arkansas.
Mosco, son, W M Apr. 1897 age 3, single, born arkansas.
Florance, daughter, W F Feb. 1900, age 3 months, single, born Arkansas.
Henry, father, W M Dec 1843 age 56 Widowed, born Arkansas, parents born Missouri.

Daniel married Georgia Augusta Seitz ³⁴ ³⁹ ⁴⁰ ⁴¹ ⁴² on 17 Jun 1894 in Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States. Georgia was born on 18 Mar 1876 in Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States, died on 5 Jul 1928 in <Oklahoma>, United States at age 52, and was buried in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.

Marriage Notes: Source: FamilySearch.org and http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=cathyconn&id=I239, which cites:
Searcy Co., AR Marriage Book: SWITZER, DW (21) of Blanco to
Georgia A. SEITZ (18) of Blanco on 17 June 1894 by WB Drewry, JP
Book D, page 404

iii. Florence Switzer ⁴⁴ was born in Feb 1900 in Arkansas, United States.

iv. Martha Jane Switzer ⁴⁵ was born on 2 Mar 1903 in <Saint Joe, Searcy, Arkansas>, United States and died on 5 Jul 1934 at age 31.

v. Grayson Dan Switzer ⁴⁶ ⁴⁷ was born on 9 Feb 1905 and died on 24 Nov 1979 at age 74.

7 vi. Hattie Switzer ³ ¹⁹ (born on 10 Jan 1907 in Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States - died on 23 Apr 1991 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States)

vii. Hazel Marie Switzer was born on 10 Aug 1910 in Arkansas, United States.

ix. Robert Bruce Switzer was born on 14 Feb 1918 in Arkansas, United States.

15. Georgia Augusta Seitz,³⁴ ³⁹ ⁴¹ ⁴² ⁴⁸ daughter of Henry Thomas Seitz and Martha Ann Plemmons, was born on 18 Mar 1876 in Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States, died on 5 Jul 1928 in <Oklahoma>, United States at age 52, and was buried in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.

Birth Notes: Source:
Family records of LeRoy Paschal Fish and Carol Jean Kirk
Birthdate given in Kirk family records as 18 Mar 1876 without a place.
The present researcher guessed that she was born in Saint Joe, Arkansas. That may not be so. It may have been Snowball or Blanco.

Another (1991) source at FamilySearch.org has b. in Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas.

http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=cathyconn&id=I439 has b. Apr 1874 in Blanco, Searcy Co., Arkansas.

Yet another Rootsweb source has b. 18 Mar 1875 in Blanco, Arkansas. That source misspells Switzer, so the 1875 may not be reliable either.

• Census: U.S., 4 Jun 1900, St. Joe, Searcy, Arkansas, United States. Gussie,wife, W F Apr 1874 age 26 Married 6 years, mother of 3, 2 surviving, born Arkansas, parents born Georgia..

Georgia married Daniel Wesley Switzer ³⁴ ³⁵ ³⁶ ³⁷ on 17 Jun 1894 in Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States. Daniel was born on 11 Jun 1872 in Illinois, United States and died on 26 May 1951 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States at age 78.

Fifth Generation

Birth Notes: www.whatsineudora.com has birth year as 1805.

Historic Names of the Shawnee in the 1700s - http://www.shawnee-traditions.com/Names-7.html
has b. abt 1792 in Ohio.

General Notes: From http://www.whatsineudora.com
http://gen3.connectingneighbors.com/static/19448.pdf

"A statue of Chief Paschal Fish and his daughter, Eudora, is being created by world renowned Lawrence [Kansas] sculptor, Jim Brothers. When completed, it will be a 7 ½ foot tall bronze statue and will be placed in the CPA Park in downtown Eudora. The casting will be completed by the Ad Astra Foundry, which is located about 10 miles NW of Eudora.

"The statue has been created to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the City of Eudora (1857-2007) and will be dedicated October 6th, 2007 during the annual EudoraFest. It depicts Shawnee Indian Chief Paschal Fish and his daughter, Eudora, in the year of 1857 with Chief Fish holding a ferry oar and with Eudora clutching his waist.

"The land Eudora was built on was purchased from Chief Fish by the German Settlement Society from Chicago. The German settlers honored the request of Chief Fish and named their new town after his daughter, Eudora.

"When the U.S. Government allotted land to the Indians, Chief Fish received 1,000 acres in this part of Douglas County. In 1857 he sold 800 acres to the German Settlement Society from Chicago. Chief Fish owned and operated the Fish Ferry, which crossed the Kaw River just north of downtown Eudora. He also owned the Fish House, which was located on the south edge of Eudora along the Westport Trail. The Westport Trail
connected Kansas City to Lawrence and tied into the Oregon and Santa Fe Trails. He often took in travelers for the night and provided them with food and shelter. On May 1, 1855, the Kansas Territorial Governor, Andrew H. Reeder, stayed at the Fish House. The Governor.s horse was hidden, so it would not be seen by pro-slavery supporters. Chief Fish was a Methodist minister and was instrumental in establishing and teaching at the Wakarusa Indian Mission which was built in Eudora 1848-1850.

"Paschal Fish (1805-1894). In approximately 1870, Chief Fish moved from Eudora to Indian Territory near Miami, Oklahoma. In 1894 at the age of 89, Chief Fish was found frozen to death along Tar Creek near his home at Baxter Springs, Kansas.

"Eudora Fish (ca. 1848-1877). In 1868 Eudora Fish married Dallas Emmons. They lived in LaCygne, Kansas and had 4 children. Eudora passed away unexpectedly at the age of 29. Her body was transported from LaCygne to Wyandotte, Kansas. She is buried in the Huron Indian Cemetery in downtown Wyandotte.

"Project Funding

"The primary resources for this project have been Eudora Lions Club members, personnel from various departments within the City of Eudora, and also many community partners that have hosted/assisted with fund-raising activities. There has been wide support for this project ranging from the purchase of engraved bricks that will be placed around the base of the statue to cash donors whose names will be placed on a bronze plaque that will be mounted to the base of the statue. The Shawnee Tribe that is located in Miami, Oklahoma is also very supportive of the project.

"Fund-raising activities have been sponsored/supported by the Eudora Historical Society, United Methodist Church, Knights of Columbus, Chamber of Commerce, Boy Scouts, Eudora school personnel and their facilities, Annie.s Country Jubilee from Tonganoxie, plus many Eudora businesses and individual volunteers."

------------------

From Wikipedia - Eudora, Kansas
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudora%2C_Kansas

"In 1856, three members of a German Immigrant Settlement Company (called Deutsche-Neusiedlungsverein) from Chicago, sent out a location committee to choose a town site in the new Indian Territory, which had been opened up to settlement by the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, passed in May 1854 . Both pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups flocked to this territory.

"The three Germans sent to the present site were H. Heimann, F. Barteldes and C. Scheifer. Favoring the Eudora area, they drew up contracts with Chief Paschal Fish for 774 1/2 acres, from the Kansas River to the south for about a mile (over 200 blocks total), with two public squares and a park. In February 1857, Chief Fish entered into contracts with the Trustees of the Chicago Verein for purchase of the land "to secure a more perfect title" at a price of $10,000. Fish bought back on the same day the odd numbered lots of at least three blocks between the Kaw and Wakarusa rivers.

"A map of Douglas County drawn up in early 1857, before Eudora was a town, shows only four townships in the county with Eudora included in the Wakarusa township.

"A group of 16 men, 4 women, and some children had came in the spring of 1857 to begin settling at the site. Peter Hartig, age 34, was the leader of this Chicago group, and he was accompanied by his wife. The Society paid expenses for the settlers. Eight more men, who paid their own way, came later. The formal title, signed by an Indian Agent named Newsom, was drawn up on February 4 , 1860.

"The town's name was derived from the name of Chief Paschal Fish's 13-year old daughter; it is a name of Greek derivation meaning "giving" or "generous." Chief Fish said that if they did this there would never be a tornado to touch down in Eudora. There hasn't been a tornado there to this day."

--------------------------

From http://history.lawrence.com/project/community/eudora/growth.htm :

Eudora was incorporated as a city in the fall of 1858 under Territorial laws and the first election was held in 1859 under Fred Faerber as mayor as of March 10. Councilmen elected were Peter Hartig, August Ziesenis, M. Marthey, P. Hoffenau and A. Summerfield. Justice of Peace was Fred Swartz; City Treasurer was Charles Achning; City Clerk was C. F. Swartz; and Marshall was Fred Soelte.

The records of the city business transactions were written in German until 1860. The original copies are at Kansas University Spencer Research Library. Two Kansas University German students translated them for the Eudora Centennial 1957.They are microfilmed. The original copies are at Kansas University library.

In March, 1859 the Eudora City Council agreed to commission the Secretary of the Chicago company to furnish a city seal for the town with the design on it of white man shaking hands with an Indian and with some suitable adornment and with a circular inscription: City of Eudora, Douglas County, Kansas Territory.

From city council minutes:
March 17, 1860-"The Mayor presented for consideration the problem of investigating whether the city is justified in collecting real estate taxes, and in selling the lots which have accrued to the city through nonpayment of the assessed taxes, Tabled."

May 7, 1860-"Agreed to table the tax question until Paschal Fish or Clark returned from Washington (Note! Paschal Fish was still an important person in the city to go to Washington to investigate a city matter).

Research Notes: From text accompanying a photograph from the Smithsonian Institution archives:
"[Leander] Jackson Fish's father [Paschal Fish] was half Shawnee, one eighth Miami and one sixteenth Delaware; his mother was one fourth Wyandot (Huron). "
--------------
Information from the following source does not match other sources. May not be accurate:

From Historic Shawnee Names of the 1700s - http://www.shawnee-traditions.com/Names-7.html
"Fish, Paschal aka Paschal Jackson - 1/2 Shawnee Metis born about 1792 OH-died after 1854 KS - son of Fish aka William Jackson-adopted white & Shawnee Woman, moved to KS by 1832, Treaty 1854, husband 1^st of Mary Ann Steele/95-Metis, 2^nd of Jane Hohthawakawe/95, 3^rd of Hester Armstrong Zane-Wyandot Metis, father with Mary Ann of Leander aka Leading Turtle/1814"
--------------

From
http://skyways.lib.ks.us/genweb/archives/wyandott/history/1911/volume1/29.html (part of KSGenWeb Project)
and http://www.whatsineudora.com

Transcribed from History of Wyandotte County Kansas and its people ed. and comp. by Perl W. Morgan. Chicago, The Lewis publishing company, 1911. 2 v. front., illus., plates, ports., fold. map. 28 cm. [Vol. 2 contains biographical data. Paged continuously.]

Chapter III.
"Among others of the Shawnees who won distinction for meritorious work in aid of civilizing and educating the tribe was Paschal Fish. He was a local preacher and his brother Charles was an interpreter. They would listen to sermons preached by the white men in the missions and translate them for those of the Indians who could not understand English."

Chapter V.
"The Shawnee Indian mission was the most ambitious attempt of any Protestant church in the early times to care for the Indians of Kansas. In 1828 what was called the Fish band of Shawnee Indians was moved by the government from Ohio to Wyandotte county, Kansas. They were under the leadership of the Prophet [Ten-squat-a-way (The Open Door)], the brother of the great Tecumseh, who made his home near the spot where the town of Turner [Kansas] now stands. The following year [1829] the Reverend Thomas Johnson, a member of the Missouri conference of the Methodist church, followed the Indians to Turner, built a log house on the hill south of the Kansas river and began working among the red men as a missionary. In 1832 the rest of the Shawnee Indians from Ohio rejoined their tribe in Kansas. The government allotted them a large reservation of the best land in eastern Kansas..."

"The mission among the Delaware Indians [in Wyandotte County, Kansas] was opened in 1832 by the Reverend William Johnson and the Reverend Thomas Markham, appointed by the Missouri Conference of the Methodist Episcopal church to take charge Though the Delawares were advancing in agriculture and their fine prairie lands interspersed with timber were improved, they had but little culture. Many of the elder members of the tribe retained their ancient prejudices against Christianity and, in consequence, the membership of the Mission church was never large...

"The Mission was erected in 1832 near a spring in a beautiful grove.. on the high divide on the site of the present town of White Church, facing east... It was destroyed by a tornado on
May 11, 1886.... After the inauguration of the mission and school by the Reverend William Johnson and the Reverend Thomas B. Markham, E. T. Peery was in charge from 1833 to 1836 inclusive ... Others who were connected with it were ... the Reverend Nathan Scarrett for whom the Scarrett Bible Training School is named, and the Reverend Paschal Fish.

"In the early days a log parsonage was erected and a camp ground was laid out in which great camp meetings for the Indians were held. These camp meetings... were attended by Indians of various tribes, many coming in their blankets. Each tribe had its interpreters to follow the words of the preacher, or exhorter, and translate them into English. The two Ketchums, James and Charles, full-blood Delawares, were interpreters...

"Prominent among the Delawares was Charles Ketchum, for many years a preacher in the Methodist church... In the separation troubles, in 1845, the Delawares went with their church to the southern branch. But Charles Ketchum adhered to the northern branch, built a church himself and kept the little remnant of the flock together...

"The interpreters for the northern branch were Charles Ketchum, Paschal Fish and Isaac Johnnycake."
----------------

Pascal "PAS-CAL-WE" FISH:
Census: 1856, #343 age 50

Notes:
100529
Title: Document granting land to Pascal Fish on behalf of other Fish family members
Description: This document, with President Buchanan's signature signed by a secretary, granted land to Pascal Fish and his family who were members of the "united tribe of Shawnee Indians." The land was granted under provisions of a treaty between the Shawnee Indians and the U. S. government signed May 10, 1854. Specific acreage in Johnson County was designated.
Dates: September 27, 1859
Number of Images: 1
Call Number: James Stanley Emery Collection, #339, Box 3, Folder Commissions 1854-1899
Location of Original: KSHS

See KHC, vol. 9, pp. 166,167. Historian Rodney Staab of Shawnee Mission, Kansas, has furnished me with an excellent account of Chief Fish written by Fern Long. Her information conflicts somewhat with other sources, but it should not be missed by anyone doing research on the Jackson/Fish family. According to her 1978 article on Chief Fish, she agrees that [William Jackson Fish] was captured as a youth and raised by the Shawnees in the band of Lewis Rogers whose daughter he married. Paschal Fish was "a large-framed man" who "also acquired the Indian ways seeming to be totally Indian." but at the same time, she says "these Shawnees had associated with white people for generations and desired a settled life with homes, schools, churches, ___and agriculture."

c) Hester Zane, lived in MO, d. 4/17/1852, bur. , m. 10/14/1846, Paschal Fish
i) Eudora Fish (1849-1877)
ii) Andrew Fish, b. 1851
iii) Leander J. Fish [b. 1852]

From Eudora Community Heritage of Our USA Bicentennial, 1776-1976
History Committee, Eudora Bicentennial Committee, 1977 :

Pages 6-11

INDIAN LANDS
The Kanza Indians, who were the native inhabitants of northeast Kansas, were of Siouan linguistic stock, having permanent villages, cornfields and gardens along the fertile river valleys of the State of Kansas. They also hunted for meat.

The United States government adopted a plan by the mid 1820's to remove Indians from east of the Mississippi River to the "vacant" lands in the west. (The lands were not vacant but were less populated and the white man kept wanting more land, as more people came to America for freedom from persecution in Europe.) The government called it "for humanitarian and political reasons"!

A treaty with the Kanza and Osage Indians (in the southeast part of the state) in 1825 restricted their territory. This led to unclaimed land west of the Missouri River. President Jackson's Indian Policy proposed voluntary emigration of the East Indians to the land west of the Mississippi river, acted on by Congress May 28, 1830 with Indians north of Ohio to relocate in Territorial Kansas reservations which were offered to 27 Tribes, including the Shawnee.

THE SHAWNEE INDIAN TRIBE
The Shawnee Indian Tribes were settled in the eastern part of North America forested areas of Ohio, Tennessee, Pennsylvania and West Virginia, since the mid-1700's. They spoke the Algonquian language and were tribally related to the Sauk and the Fox Tribes.
Most Shawnees had migrated west to Ohio by 1786 when the Government moved the Indians west of the Mississippi river, by the Indian Removal Act of 1830, when they were forced to the smaller reservation in Kansas.

Chief Cornstalk and Chief Tecumseh struggled to hold their land (Battle of Tippecanoe) but were defeated. The Shawnee Prophet, brother of Tecumseh, peacefully accepted the proposition.

The United Tribe of Shawnees started coming to Kansas in 1825 to the Shawnee Township, Wyandotte County. By 1828 most were moved, but much of the Tribe of the Fish came in 1831. The Fish Tribe had children educated in a Friends Mission school in Ohio. The Shawnee Indian Chief, Paschal Fish, Sr., was white and raised with Indians.

The Shawnee Reservation was from the Missouri River on the east, to the Republican River on the west, south of the Kansas River, about 150 miles long and 20 to 30 miles wide. It was almost the same size as the Delaware reservation on the north side of the Kaw River. The Reservation included a quarter of Shawnee County and Geary Counties, one third of Morris County, half of Waubaunsee, one-fifth of northern Franklin and Miami counties and all of Douglas and Johnson counties.

The Fish Tribe settled near Kansas City before moving to Eudora. At Shawnee Mission, called Johnson's Mission at first, the Fish family helped at the school operated by the Methodist Church, 1830-1862, arriving with 40 Indians and five whites. Paschal Fish, Sr., [William Jackson Fish]died there in 1834 [October 1833].

THE FISH TRIBE
The namesake of Paschal Fish, Sr. [William Jackson Fish], assumed leadership of the Fish Tribe at age 33 [abt 1793]. Paschal, Jr., was also known by his white name of Andrew Jackson. Paschal is not an Indian name but means Easter or Passion, and could have been given him at the Friends Mission school he attended in Ohio. Paschal was also spelled Passel, Pascal, Paschal, Pascal and Pestle. He was listed on the 1854 Indian census rolls for the Shawnee Tribe as 50 years of age. He had a wife, Martha, age 40, son Obadiah age 12 years, Eudora (Udder) age 9, and Leander Jackson age 7. In 1860 Mary T. was listed as a member of the family of the original deed in Eudora, so may have been born after the census. Paschal also had a foster son, an orphan, who came here and received the same portion of land as his own children, according to an early deed and abstract. His first one or two wives apparently died and he married Mary Ann Steele (nee McClure). A daughter, Jane Q. was born, but died in 1873.

Pastel's brother Charles [b. abt 1815] also lived here and was 41 years old on the [1854] census roll. He must have been married and had a child, as early city records list him paying a fine for a child in 1862 and 1864. A Jesse Fish paid $3.00 in 1863 and no mention of any relationship to Paschal or Charles. John also lived here and was an influential member of the Tribe. There was also a Julia Fish, who was the wife of Leander Jackson.

In 1837-38 Paschal was listed as a blacksmith and gunsmith assistant at Fort Leavenworth. In 1847-52 he served preaching assignments in Eudora, Shawnee Mission and the Chicago Mission (near Weston, Mo.).

Northern Methodist Church Shawnee Indian members of Shawnee Mission who came to Eudora area were the Fish family, James Captain, Wm. Rogers, Crane, Parks, (Joe and Wm.) and the Bluejackets (Chas. Geo. and Henry.)

Paschal and other prominent Indians kept open house for early day travelers to and through Eudora on the Westport-Fremont Trail from the northeast and from the Oregon trail on the southeast, going west to Lawrence, Oregon and California.

Paschal Fish has been described as kind, friendly, educated, speaking English well, but sometimes signed his name with an X. On the Eudora deed when he sold to the German Settlement Society he wrote legibly. He probably moved to this area in the 1840's, although the land here was not given to Tribe members until the Treaty of May 10, 1854, when the Government provided 200 acres to each member of the chief's family, to be selected from the Shawnee reservation. Paschal chose 1172 1/2 acres, where the Wakarusa river joins the Kaw. They were given the right to sell their land, and he sold 774 1/2 acres in 1857 to Chicago Settlement Company.

Paschal and brother Charles operated a ferry boat across the Kansas River near the mouth of the Wakarusa. The legislature licensed him to operate the ferry a mile up and a mile down stream. DeSoto had the next ferry to the east. In 1846 a portion of Doniphan's expedition to Mexico crossed the river at Eudora on a ferry. His home was said to be where the Bob Lothholz's live, 1 mile east. These ferry boats were large flat scows (or piroughs) manned by Indians dressed in colorful shirts, shawls and headbands.

In 1854 Paschal Fish built a thatched roof hotel (store, tavern, Inn), called the Fish House, located on the 1857 Territorial Map. It was about a mile south of the river in Block no. 154, Lot no. 9 at about 17th and Main St. on the property recently sold by Mrs. Francis Skinner, half to the Highway Department for the new no. 10 highway and half to a builder. The Fish House provided meager accommodations to travelers on the early trails. An early account of an overnight stay says the sleeping room was 16' x 16' with 32 people sleeping in a mass on the floor. There was one bed with prairie hay mattress, six chairs and a fireplace, and it was overcrowded! Bedding was buffalo hides or bedding from wagons. The Territorial Governor of Kansas, Andrew Redder had to go south to Blanton's Bridge to cross, due to high water on Wakarusa and a Company of pro-slavery men at Franklin. He reached the Fish House at daylight, hiding his horse and carriage and staying hid. He left the next day. The hotel was a polling place in 1855. Reports reveal a blacksmith shop and grocery or general store in connection with the hotel. The building was later enlarged.

City records state that Paschal Fish went to Washington D.C. for the city, after Eudora was settled [in 1857]. Also there was Chief Johnny Cake living in Eudora area who went to see "the Great White Father", according to an article written by Mary E. Mosher, who lived here in 1865-66. There was also an interpreter, Charlie King, who could have been Charlie Fish. She wrote that a number of the Indians lived in houses of the best class, spoke good English, being educated in Mission schools.
-----------------------
Under Other Flags / Indian Lands / Oregon Trail / Mission / Becomes a City / Sad Years / Railroads / Business / Education
Published by West Junior High, NEH project, with permission of the Eudora Community Heritage, History Committee, Eudora Bicentennial Commission, 1977.

page 449
194. Long, Fern. "Revised Indian History re: Pascal Fish, Sr." Eudora Enterprise [Eudora, KS] June 22, 1978, 4A. This the first of three articles, traces the descendants of the Shawnee chief Pascal Fish, Sr., [William Jackson Fish] who brought the Lewis Rogers band of Shawnees from Missouri to the present day Kansas City area in 1830. According to information given here, this band was a portion of the Shawnees who had migrated to Missouri in 1784, settling on a branch of the Meramac River (while a majority settles around Cape Girardeau about 1803). A descendant, Charles Fish, was an interpreter at Dr. Abraham Still's Friends' Wakarusa Mission.
-------------------------
This woman may not have been related:
Jane "HOH-THA-WAH-KA-SE" UNKNOWN:
Census: 1856, #523 age 24

Footnotes
International Genealogical Index (R) [164 ] (February 7, 2005).
Fish-1805.ged [148 ].
Date of Import: 7 Feb 2005.
Ibid.
Date of Import: 7 Feb 2005.
Ibid.
Date of Import: 7 Feb 2005.
International Genealogical Index (R) [164 ] (February 7, 2005).
Fish-1805.ged [148 ].
Date of Import: 7 Feb 2005.
Ibid.
Date of Import: 7 Feb 2005.
Ibid.
Date of Import: 7 Feb 2005.

**************************************

From Exiles and Pioneers: Eastern Indians in the Trans-Mississippi West by John P. Bowes (New York, 2007)
pp. 1-3:
"For example, a letter written in April 1850 by six Shawnee men. Charles Fish, Paschal Fish, James Captain, John Fish, Crane, and William Rogers wrote to Commissioner of Indian Affairs Orlando Brown from their homes south of the Kansas River just west of the Missouri border. Their seven-page missive detailed a number of complaints against the Methodists living and working on their reserve. Among other misdeeds, the missionaries had bribed and corrupted members of the Shawnee Council and neglected the children who attended their manual labor school. 'The truth cannot be concealed,' the six Shawnees proclaimed, 'they [the Methodists] have departed from their legitimate office and have become "money changers."' But this accusation did not complete the list of grievances. The missionaries had also sided with proslavery forces in the recent split of the Methodist Episcopal Church. They then proceeded to harass those Shawnees who supported the antislavery Methodists and would not allow a northern preacher on the reserve. Charles Fish and his partners had a simple question for Commissioner Brown: 'Shall we who live on free soil enjoy less liberty than the citizens of a slave state?'

"...Multilayered relationships in eastern Kansas influenced those six Shawnee men. An internal power struggle with a faction of Ohio Shawnees partially explains the written attack against the Methodists. But the choice of words is also telling. Charles Fish and his compatriots charged the missionaries with abandoning their religious principles and becoming 'money changers.' The very use of the phrase, perhaps a reference to the men Jesus threw out of the temple in a familiar Biblical event, highlights the background of at least two of the Shawnees. Both Charles and his brother Paschal attended mission schools in their youth, and while Charles translated for missionaries in the 1840s, Paschal often preached at the services. Finally, in their references to slavery these men displayed a clear understanding of past legislation and contemporary politics. They knew the Missouri Compromise prohibited slavery in their region and wanted it known that both missionaries and Shawnee leaders were in direct violation of that legislation."

p. 109:
"The number of ...government-appointed positions increased dramatically with the establishment of reserves and Indian agencies in the western territories. In 1838 alone, the Fort Leavenworth Agency employed eight different mixed-descent men... Among [the seven who worked as assistant blacksmiths] were Paschal Fish, Charles Fish and Nelson Rogers, all products of relations between Anglo-American men taken captive as children and Shawnee women they later married. At Indian agencies throughout the trans-Mississippi West, men like Tiblow, the Fish brothers, and Rogers performed services as interpreters and as assistant blacksmiths for salaries that by the early 1850s reached up to $400 per year."

pp. 112-113:
"A prevalent business in the 1840s entailed charging American travelers for passage across the creeks and rivers that impeded their journey along the various trails that originated in the Missouri border towns... Wyandots, Shawnees, Potawatomis, and Delawares all ran small ferries at the various rivers in eastern Kansas that coursed across both their reserves and the popular emigration trails... Only a few miles east of the Potawatomi reserve, Paschal and Charles Fish, two Anglo-Shawnee brothers, also operated a ferry on the Kansas River. They benefitted not only from emigrant travel but also from the U.S. soldiers that required the Indian flatboats on their way to Mexico in 1846.

"Paschal Fish did more than just operate a ferry, however. He took advantage of other traveler needs and by the 1850s transformed his home into an inn. Located approximately ten miles east of present-day Lawrence, his two-story house greeted weary travelers in need of food and a place to rest their heads. Although the creaking cottonwood boards did not always inspire confidence in the stability of the second floor, and competition for the single washbasin and square mirror often delayed morning preparations, the inn nevertheless received satisfactory evaluations. A hot breakfast, complete with fresh biscuits and coffee, was served, and it sent travelers on their way. Fish also owned a small store and cultivated approximately one hundred acres of corn and thirty acres of oats. Wagon train drivers told visitors stories of this Shawnee man who 'don't drink a drop of whiskey' and who sat on his porch with his hat on, 'in a ruminating mood.' Although these drivers may have tried to make their stories more colorful with such descriptions, it remained clear that informed travelers in the 1850s knew of Paschal Fish and the services he provided."

p.167:
"Federal misconceptions about Shawnee society and politics compounded [disagreements about title and rights of occupancy of the Western Reserve.] Most treaties failed to recognize the numerous bands that comprised the larger Shawnee community. The Missouri Shawnees, under which designation the Fish, Rogerstown, Apple Creek, and Cape Girardeau bands fell, were not a homogeneous entity with shared political interests. Neither were the Ohio Shawnees, whose membership included the Wapakoneta, Hog Creek, Huron River, and Lewistown bands. Many of these competing interests played out during the relocation to the Kansas River reserve. The Cape Girardeau band believed that government commissioners had misled them about the 1825 treaty and argued that they had never agreed to allow any Ohio Shawnees to settle on the western lands. As a result, a portion of the Shawnees under the leadership of Black Bob did not move to eastern Kansas and instead settled along the White River in Arkansas. Meanwhile, the Rogerstown and Fish bands traveled directly to eastern Kansas, where successive parties of Oh9io Shawnees joined them over the next several years. A more complete reunion in 1833 occurred only through intimidation. Black Bob's band still had no desire to move to the Kansas River."

pp. 169-171:
"For the better part of the first three decades they resided on the reserve, the Shawnees also used the Christian missions as a channel for their political struggles. From 1830 to the late 1850s, the Shawnees attempted to control the access and impact of missionaries. Negotiations with the Baptists, Methodist, and Quakers had begun even before the arrival of the Wapakoneta and Hog Creek Shawnees. Unfortunately, at least in the missionaries' eyes, the Shawnees in the West refused to limit themselves to the services of only one denomination. Several headmen welcomed both day and boarding schools, all the while stressing their interest in the services the missionaries provided as opposed to the theology the ministers preached. Although the struggles regarding education and religion did not always involve the larger internal conflicts, such battles more often than not reflected the political divisions on the reserve.

"In the summer of 1830, the Methodists and the Baptists answered the call for a missionary among the Shawnees. A Missouri Shawnee chief named Fish spoke to the local Indian Agent, George Vashon, and requested a missionary establishment to educate the children of his band. Fish, also known as William Jackson, was a white man raised among the Shawnees since childhood. He and his band relocated to eastern Kansas from Missouri in 1828, and now wanted a school. Vashon quickly responded to this request and passed along the message to Reverend Jesse Green, the Presiding Elder for the Missouri District of the Methodist Episcopal Church (MEC). As the letter made its way to Green, however, another missionary intruded. Isaac McCoy entered the Shawnee reserve in August 1830 while on a survey expedition for the Delawares. Themissionary and his two sons encouraged the Shawnees to accept a Baptist mission. Tenskwatawa ["the Shawnee Prophet"], Captain Peter Cornstalk, Captain William Perry, and the other assembled Shawnees appeared pleased with his offer. After the formal council, McCoy also spoke with Fish, at which time the Shawnee headman reiterated his desire for a mission school. But this meeting did not alter his first agreement. Fish's band would have a Methodist school and the Ohio Shawnees would have a Baptist school. In September 1830 the Methodists organized their mission and appointed Thomas Johnson as its supervisor. Johnston Lykins, McCoy's son-in-law, crossed the Mississippi in July 1831 and commenced construction on the Baptist mission.

"...arguments between the Baptists and Methodists were pointless because most Shawnees did not dwell on theological differences. Shawnee parents saw an opportunity for their children to learn to read, write, and gain skills that would give them an advantage in future interactions with American citizens and society. As a result, they protested when any missionary appeared to stray. In May 1833, John Perry, William Perry, and Peter Cornstalk complained to William Clark about the Methodists. Rather than dwelling on issues of religion, these Shawnee leaders criticized Thomas Johnson for meddling in their affairs... They even made it clear that although they had given leave to Johnson to set up a school for fish's band, they did not want him 'to meddle himself with our people.' Yet, the Shawnees' displeasure extended to the Baptists as well. At two different points in 1834 the tribal council requested that the government remove all missionaries from their lands. Isaac McCoy questioned this decision, and he implied that white men in the vicinity unduly influenced the Shawnees against the missionaries. Putting aside his differences with his religious adversaries, McCoy insisted that the majority of the western Shawnees accepted and desired the Baptists and the Methodists.

"By blaming Shawnee complaints on outside meddlers, McCoy ignored both the content of the Indians' initial requests and the missionaries' initial failure to follow through on their promises. When Fish spoke to Agent Vashon in the summer of 1830, he asked for a mission to educate the children. The Shawnee chief's son, Paschal, already had some schooling, and the headman wanted the other children in his band to learn as well. Although other Shawnee leaders did not take the same initiative as Fish, they acceded to the missionary presence, and some welcomed the educational opportunity for their children."

p. 173:
"Twenty-seven Shawnees attended regularly during the [Methodists' Manual Labor School's] first year in 1839. Over the next decade, the number rose only slightly, reaching thirty-six in 1851. Four years later, according to Johnson's records, the attendance of Shawnee children reached eighty-seven. These affiliations extended beyond the children and into the participation and conversion of adults. Although [William Jackson] Fish died in October 1834, his sons Paschal and Charles followed the wishes of their father. Paschal served as a class leader at the mission meetings by 1838, exhorted in public the following year, and became a licensed preacher in 1843. Lewis and William Rogers joined Paschal at the meetings in the late 1830s and early 1840s, which meant that the Rogerstown band also had a presence. The Rogerses were sons of Lewis Rogers, a white captive, and the daughter of the Shawnee chief Blackfish. The two boys and their brothers had gone to a Methodist school in Kentucky, which no doubt influenced their affiliation. Meanwhile, Waywaleapy continued to participate in the Methodist meetings and even spoke during religious services. Although Methodist Shawnees were still a significant minority, their participation illustrated the ability of Johnson and his colleagues to transcend tribal politics."

pp. 174-175:
The Methodist Episcopal Church "split in 1845 into a northern and a southern division, neither side willing to compromise [on the issue of slavery]. Without hesitation, Thomas Johnson affiliated himself and the school with the southern [proslavery] faction.

"The rift in the church revived the divisions within the Shawnee Methodists. By the following year [1846] Shawnees with antislavery leanings began to keep their children out of the Manual Labor School. Then in 1849, approximately eight-five Shawnees petition the MEC North to send them a preacher so that they could continue to hold services. Reverend Thomas Markham's arrival brought a quick response. Indian Agent Luke Lea notified the minister that the Shawnee Council wanted the northern preacher off the reserve... Markham's supporters countered quickly. In a communication to Commissioner of Indian Affairs Orlando Brown, Paschal Fish, Charles Fish, and William Rogers railed against Johnson's stance and argued that Lea overstepped the authority of his office. 'We as an independent people chose to remain in the old church,' they declared. More important, the Fish brothers and Rogers declared that the Shawnee council had gone too far. They asked that the Shawnee chiefs be informed, 'that this [religious affiliation] is a matter over which they have no right to control.'"

pp. 176-177:
"[In 1851] the Shawnees adopted a republican form of government, a move that heralded a more substantial transformation. This new governing structure contained seven elected officials: a head chief, a second chief, and five council members. Elections took place every autumn... A delegation of Shawnees, including Black Bob, protested to U.S. officials only a few years after the change. Rather than welcoming an elective government, Black Bob and his supporters believed that the old hereditary chief would best represent the tribe's interests..."

p. 177:
"[Joseph] Parks became the first elected chief in 1852 and over the next two years came under fire [from Black Bob and other like-minded Shawnees supporting the traditional hereditary chief system] for appearing to promote a new treaty with U.S. officials. But his position at the head of a new republican government recognized by the United States made the new chief difficult to depose or even oppose. Knowing that they lacked the power to initiate change from within, a delegation of six Shawnees visited the Kansas Agency in October 1853. Thomas Captain and Charles Bluejacket joined the familiar leading men of the Missouri bands, Charles Fish, Paschal Fish, Henry Rogers, and William Rogers, in protesting the future plans of their principal chief. They had heard that Parks was preparing to hire a frequent business partner of his, a lawyer named Richard w. Thompson, to draw up a treaty to send to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. From all appearances, their complaints went unanswered. Indeed, it helped the U.S. government to have the Shawnee principal chief amenable to a treaty at a time when American expansion had become both desired and unavoidable.

"As the Shawnees faced the prospect of an organized Kansas Territory in 1854, they remained as divided as they had been when they first arrived on the reserve."

p. 222:
"Contests over authority among the Shawnees after 1854 were imbalanced. The Shawnees who held their lands in severalty dominated the elected council. Although Ohio Shawnees formed the core of this group, the leadership ranks included men of mixed descent who nominally belonged to the Missouri faction. Graham Rogers a member of the Council in the 1850s and the elected principal chief in 1865, was one of the more prominent of these Missouri-born Shawnees who accepted allotment and allied with the Ohio faction. He was the son of Lewis Rogers, a white man adopted by the Shawnees in the 1700s, and Parlie Blackfish, the daughter of the Shawnee leader Blackfish. Along with other members of the Shawnee band that once lived at Rogerstown, Graham and his family had settled along the Kansas River in 1828. He and other members of the Rogers band allied with the leading members of the Ohio Shawnees."

pp. 223-226:
"[During the Civil War, b]oth the Black Bob and Absentee Shawnees disputed the right of the Ohio faction to control the lands in Kansas, especially since the 1825 treaty that established the Western Reserve bore the marks of Missouri Shawnees.

"...In 1861, the Confederacy sent Albert Pike on a diplomatic mission to Indian territory. Southern sympathizers, Creek Indians among them, harassed the Absentee Shawnees when the latter refused to ally with the confederacy. Rather than endure this harassment, the Shawnees left Indian Territory and traveled north to Kansas... By the summer of 1863, the migration of Absentee Shawnees had increased the population of the refugee settlements on the Black Bob lands to more than one hundred and fifty men, women, and children. In the winter of 1864 the community expanded again when five hundred to seven hundred Shawnees fled their homes along the Kansas-Missouri and Kansas-Indian Territory borders.

"With this refugee infusion, the more traditional element now had the numbers to opposed the severalty Shawnees Approximately five hundred and forty Absentees resided in Kansas by the fall of 1863, and together with the Black Bob Shawnees, this mixed band totaled nearly seven hundred and seventy... Although voting normally took place in the fall, the 1862 elections were postponed to January 1863 because of wartime unrest. But when the Shawnees came together at DeSoto on January 12, a disagreement arose as to the manner of elections and those who would be allowed to participate... Now the Black Bobs argued that 'all Shawnees that held their land in severalty were citizens, and had no rights in the tribe.' In a decisive move, they held a separate election. On January 14 these Missouri Shawnees gathered at Paschal Fish's house and elected Black Bob as head chief and Paschal Fish as assistant chief. In the election report sent to President Abraham Lincoln, this alternate leadership argued their case in simple terms. 'Which shall govern,' they asked, 'the majority or the minority[?]' From their position the proper answer was clear. Yet, neither Lincoln nor any other federal official viewed this election as legitimate and did not alter their relationship with the Ohio Shawnee Council. Nevertheless Paschal Fish continued to assert the rights and authority of the Missouri Shawnees even after Black Bob's death in 1864.

"The Ohio Shawnees eagerly cast Paschal Fish as a hypocrite. He not only owned land in severalty, they pointed out, but had also served as an elected member of the Shawnee Council at various times from 1852 to 1860. Fish and his family had accepted allotments under the terms of the 1854 treaty. He had also actively participated in the republican government before his sudden passion for Black Bob's cause. Indeed, the Shawnees elected Paschal Fish as their principal chief in the fall of 1859. However, Fish resigned in disgrace less than a year into his tenure. 'A charge was made against him,' Charles Bluejacket explained, 'of receiving a bribe of one thousand dollars to induce him to pay to certain claimants a large sum of money belonging to the tribe.' Apparently the evidence was damning enough to force Fish's resignation. According to Bluejacket, Fish became an enemy of the Council from that point forward, and in Black Bob the former headman found a person and a cause to manipulate. Because Fish had attended a missionary school as a child and even became a Methodist preacher, his western education far surpassed that of most in the Black Bob band, and an intermediary role presented opportunities to influence negotiations. Critics of Fish also attacked his association with Abelard Guthrie. Guthrie, the Wyandot by adoption who claimed in the 1860s that he alone was responsible for the organization of Kansas Territory, was often accused in the 1860s of meddling in Shawnee affairs. Charles Bluejacket and others viewed Guthrie as a blowhard and an opportunist taking advantage of dissension to promote a personal agenda.

"Consequently, Paschal Fish's leadership may have had the unfortunate consequence of undermining the legitimacy of Missouri Shawnee opposition. At the very least, his participation made it easier for federal officials to ignore the voices of those Shawnees determined to assert traditional rights to leadership. Fish's personal history as a speculator and disgraced principal chief overshadowed the fact that the Missouri Shawnees had long seen themselves as the proper leaders based on the ancient divisions. But it is also likely that the federal government would have held the same position regardless of Fish's participation. Federal officials had consistently revealed a desire to promote 'government chiefs' and to create single polities from the multiple bands and villages of Indians who once populated he southern Great Lakes region. Rather than negotiating separately with several leaders, federal agents and commissioners had long advocated centralized native governments with at least nominal authority to make business decisions. Paschal Fish's presence would not necessarily have altered their position."

pp.231-232:
"From 1857, when government surveyors finalized selections among the Kansas Shawnees, to 1866, allotment, warfare, sales, and taxation separated most Shawnees from at least a portion of their original selection. Although numerous factors made the process of dispossession seemingly complex, the actual equation was simple. Conditions in Kansas made it difficult for anyone but the wealthy to hold on to their allotments. Before 1860, land sales occurred primarily at the instigation of prosperous Shawnees. As early as July 1857 local officials reported that, 'a number of the principal men of the tribe such as the Chief Joseph Parks, Blue Jacket and others are buying out those that will sell.' they key question was whether the federal government would validate such exchanges, and how soon the Office of Indian Affairs would permit sales to white men. Paschal Fish in particular intended to profit from eager and prosperous emigrants. In the winter of 1856-1857, he met three German speculators who traveled from Chicago to Kansas to purchase land on which they might establish a town. After a brief negotiation, the three men arranged to buy a large section at the mouth of the Wakarusa River. According to the contract, the town company would survey all of the eight hundred acres purchased from Fish. In a canny business move, however, fish sold the men only half of the acreage and retained the remaining four hundred acres in alternating sections on the surveyed town site. Then, in February 1858, the Shawnee real estate mogul sent a letter to Commissioner of Indian Affairs James Denver requesting a patent in fee simple for the land he and his family selected under the 1854 treaty. 'I propose to sell all or a portion of my lands to a company of men from Chicago, Illinois who intend to build up a town,' Fish explained, 'and unless you shall favorably regard my request I shall be unable to retain them here and my lands and those of my neighbors will lose the plus value they might acquire by the instance of that town.' Yet this communication was nothing more than a formality. The Chicago group settled, built, and populated the town of Eudora, [Kansas] appropriately named after one of Fish's daughters. Following the lead of the Territorial Legislature, Governor Samuel Medary approved Eudora's charter in February 1859. The only hindrance to the town's existence was the fact that Fish still had not received an official deed to his land from the federal government by the summer of 1859.

"... an act passed by Congress and approved in March 1859 set a number of conditions to be met before an Indian could sell off part of his or her allotment. These conditions included a certificate of competency signed by two chiefs of the individual's tribe as well as a certificate from the appropriate Indian Agent. If these and other steps were not fulfilled, the Secretary of the Interior could reject the deed. As illustrated by Paschal Fish, however, federal inaction did not necessarily hinder land transfers. This lax system cut both ways. Land sales helped Shawnees in desperate need of money to purchase food and clothing in the early 1860s. Yet the ease with which deeds were written and ownership transferred also made it easier for Shawnees to lose their allotments."

pp.238-239:
"[On] June 7, 1869, the Shawnee Council reached an agreement with the Cherokees, whereby the Shawnees would pay the Cherokees approximately $50,000 and would become members of the Cherokee Nation. The severalty Shawnees thus became Cherokee-Shawnees. President Grant approved this agreement on June 9, and the Shawnees arranged the disposal of their Kansas territory. Because of this agreement, the Shawnees, through their former agent and current attorney James Abbott, requested that 'the rules and regulations for the conveyance of their lands be so modified as to permit them to dispose of all their lands.' By 1871, seven hundred and seventy Shawnees resided within the boundaries of the Cherokee Nation.

"Even as they struggled to reach this agreement, the Shawnee Council battled with the Black Bob Shawnees over the latter's thirty-three thousand acre reserve. By 1865, squatters had laid claim to most of that land. Then in 1866, right before his term ended, Shawnee Agent James Abbott issued patents to individual plots on the reserve to sixty-nine Black Bob Shawnees. Most of the plots were promptly sold to persons other than the squatters. The resulting conflicting claims placed the Black Bob band in the middle of a legal battle that lasted into the 1880s. Paschal Fish argued that Abbott had issued fraudulent patents and that the subsequent sales should not be recognized. Further investigation by Kansas officials supported Fish's accusations. 'I never applied for a patent to my land,' a Shawnee named Wahkachawa testified in July 1869, 'nor never authorized any one to do so for me; I am opposed to the issuance of patents.' On the same day Wahkachawa registered his complaint, Jim Jacob and John Perry informed Justice of the Peach for Johnson County Sherman Kellogg that at least three of the Black Bobs who reportedly requested patents had been dead for years.

"...When a series of appeals and lawsuits by squatters and other interested parties kept the issue alive, the Black Bob Shawnees chose to leave Kansas without obtaining any satisfactory resolution. Rather than wait for financial closure that might never come, most of the Black Bobs moved to Indian Territory."

----------
From http://www.kansasheritage.org/werner/tavern.html - Hotels, Taverns and Stage Stations:
Fish's Hotel 1850's, Eudora, KT. Pascal Fish, Prop. At jct. of ferry road and Westport & Lawrence road, near center of S8 T13S R23E. (KHQ V.2 P.276)

and
from http://www.kansasheritage.org/werner/ferry.html - Fords, Ferries and Bridges:
Fish's Ferry 1845 on Kansas River at present Eudora. Pascal Fish, Prop. Units of Col. Stephen W. Kearny's Army of the West crossed here in 1846. Eudora P.O.1857, Frederick Metzeke, postmaster. (KHQ v.2 p.276; Barry p.558, 585, etc.)

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From http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/kansas/ :
Shawnee . In 1825 the Shawnee residing in Missouri received a grant of land along the south side of Kansas River, west of the boundary of Missouri. In 1831 they were joined by another body of Shawnee who had formerly lived at Wapaghkonnetta and on Hog Creek, Ohio. In 1854 nearly all of this land was re-ceded to the United States Government and the tribe moved to Indian Territory, the present Oklahoma. (See Tennessee .)
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From The Emigrant Tribes: Wyandot, Delaware & Shawnee, A Chronology by Larry Hancks:
1858 - January 1; Paschal Fish is elected Head Chief of the Shawnee Nation, replacing Captain Joseph Parks. Fish owns and operates a trading store and ferry on the site of the present town of Eudora (named for his daughter), some 6 miles east of Lawrence.

• Legislation: Indian Removal Act passed by Congress, 28 May 1830, Washington, District of Columbia, United States. Source: The Emigrant Tribes: Wyandot, Delaware & Shawnee, A Chronology by Larry Hancks, http://www.wyandow.org/emigrant.htm (5/21/08)

• Sold: 800 acres to German Settlement Society, Feb 1857, (Eudora, Kansas, United States). Chicago Settlement Co.

• Correspondence: Letter to Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 20 Apr 1850. Letter to Commissioner of Indian Affairs protesting Agent Lea's order to Rev. Markham signed by several prominent Shawnee, including William Rodgers and Paschal Fish.

• Treaty: Ceded Land along the south side of Kansas River, west of the boundary of Missouri back to United States, 10 May 1854. Paschal Fish was one of the signers of the treaty, in addition to Charles Fish, Joseph Parks, Black Hoof, Graham Rogers, Henry Blue Jacket, Jackson Rogers, Black Bob and several other persons. In 1854 nearly all of this land was re-ceded to the United States Government and the tribe moved to Indian Territory, the present Oklahoma.

• Census: of Shawnee, 1854. Paschal Fish age 50
Martha, wife, 40
Obediah, 12
Eudora, 9
Leander Jackson, 7

• Bought back: the odd-numbered lots of at least three blocks between the Kaw and Wakarusa rivers, Feb 1857.

• Incorporated: Eudora, Kansas, incorporated as a city, Fall 1858, Eudora, Kansas, United States.

• Elected: Elected Head Chief of the Shawnee Nation, 1 Jan 1858. Served 1 year

• Deed: 1860, Eudora, Kansas, (United States). Daughter Mary T. Fish listed on deed.

• Represented: city of Eudora, Kansas, May 1860, Washington, District of Columbia, United States. From Eudora city council minutes:
March 17, 1860-"The Mayor presented for consideration the problem of investigating whether the city is justified in collecting real estate taxes, and in selling the lots which have accrued to the city through nonpayment of the assessed taxes, Tabled."

• Moved: From Eudora to Indian Territory near Miami, Oklahoma, 1870, Miami, (Ottawa), Oklahoma Territory (Oklahoma), United States.

Paschal married Hester Armstrong "Hetty" Zane, daughter of General Isaac W. Zane, Jr. and Hanna Dickison, on 14 Oct 1847. Hester was born in 1816 in Champaign Co., Ohio, United States, died on 17 Apr 1852 in <Wyandotte, Kansas>, United States at age 36, and was buried in Huron Indian Cemetery-Wyandotte National Burial Grounds, Kansas City, Wyandotte, Kansas, United States.

i. Eudora Fish ⁵⁵ ⁵⁶ ⁵⁷ ⁵⁸ (Relationship to Father: Biological, Relationship to Mother: Biological ) was born about 1848, died on 10 Apr 1877 in LaCygne, Kansas, United States about age 29, and was buried in 1877 in Huron Indian Cemetery-Wyandotte National Burial Grounds, Kansas City, Wyandotte, Kansas, United States.

Paschal next married Martha Captain before 1854. Martha was born about 1814.

Paschal next married Jane "Hoh-tha-wa-ka-se" Quinney in 1859 in Kansas Territory (Kansas), United States. Jane was born about 1820 in Missouri, United States and died in 1873 about age 53.

Marriage Notes: Source:
http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:2394013&id=I3288

17. Jane "Hoh-tha-wa-ka-se" Quinney was born about 1820 in Missouri, United States and died in 1873 about age 53.

Research Notes: What are her dates? This wife was 50 in the 1870 census. Was it another Jane listed as daughter age 24 in 1856 census?

1856 Census has
Jane Q. age 24

http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:2394013&id=I3288 has married 1859 in Kansas but no birth or death dates.

• Census: U.S., 16 Jul 1870, Eudora, Douglas, Kansas, United States. Fish Paschall, 65, M, Indian, Indian Chief, real estate $2600, presonal estate $350, b. Missouri, unable to vote
Fish Jane, 50, F, Indian, no occupation, b. Missouri, cannot read, cannot write
Fish Leander, 18, M, Indian, no occupation, b. Kansas, cannot read, cannot write

Jane married Chief Paschal "Pas-Cal-We" Fish ⁴⁹ ⁵⁰ ⁵¹ ⁵² ⁵³ ⁵⁴ in 1859 in Kansas Territory (Kansas), United States. Paschal was born in 1805 in Shawnee Tribe, (Kansas Territory), (United States) and died in 1894 in Baxter Springs, Cherokee, Kansas, United States at age 89.

18. Richard Joseph Large,²⁶ ⁶⁰ ⁶¹ ⁶² son of William Large and Nancy <Thompson>, was born on 11 May 1849 in Lawrence Co., Kentucky, United States^⁶³ and was buried before 30 May 2005 in Fairview Cemetery, Melrose, Cherokee, Kansas.

Research Notes: http://boards.ancestry.com/surnames.martin/2944.1/mb.ashx Mary June Power, McCarty wrote on 26 March 2002 :
I have been searching for my family roots for 21 years. My G-G-Grandfather was RICHARD JOSEPH LARGE, he married MARY JANE DAVIDSON. She was the daughter of MARY ELIZABETH FAEGOR-DAVIDSON and WILLIAM LARGE. Marriage date 11-21-1873, Parksville, Platt County, Missouri.

Mary Jane was born 3-11-1859 in Harrison County, Missouri. She died 5-10-1937, buried Fairview Cemetery, Melrose Kansas. Funeral Services were conducted by Lane Funeral Hme, of Miami, Oklahoma. Jim Thomas Funeral Home, Miami, Oklahoma has the records.

Parents of Richard Joseph Large: William Large and Nancy ____ Large.

Children of Richard Joseph and Mary Jane Large:
Mary Kathern (Large) Fish, Wills b. 5-6-1874, St. Paul, Neosho County, Kansas. Buried GAR Cemetary, Miami, Oklahoma, died 8-14-1939. ( Her last husband was BOB WILLS, of BOB WILLS and the TEXAS PLAYBOYS)

DDora Rena (Large) Thomas b. 2-4-1875, Platt County, Missouri. Married Donald Thomas, they had one son, Nathan Thomas.

Della Therisia (Large) Carnal, Boggs: b. 12-23-1879, in St.Paul, Neosho County, Kansas. Died 8-12-1956, buried GAR Cemetary, Miami, Okahoma, under the name of DELLA CARNAL.

Thomas James Large: b. 8-23-1882, Bourbon County, Kansas. d. 10-5-1932.

John Henry Large: b. 7-8-1885, Bourbon County, Kansas, now Ft. Scott, Kansas. He married Allie F. Brand, 10-3-1914, Miami, Oklahoma. He died 10-16-1935, of T.B., at the time of his death he lived in Douthat, Oklahoma. He is buried in the GAR Cemetery, Miami, Oklahoma. Funeral Records are held by Jim Thomas Funeral Home, Miami, Oklahoma, services were conducted by Lane Funeral Home.

Bertie Samuel Large: b. 3-24-1891, Baxter Springs, Kansas, Cherokee County. died 8-25-1930. Twin of Gertrude Elnora Large.

Gertrude Elnora (Large) Long, b. 3-24-1891, Baxter Springs, Cherokee County, Kansas. Married Kenneth Long, had three children, Pearl Herbert, Glenn Long. Gertrude died 1931 or 1932, in Hollister California.

Herman Leroy Large: b. 5-23-1893, Indian Territory, Quapaw Reservation, Quapaw, Oklahoma.

Nathan Landon Large, b. 5-9-1888, Seneca, Newton County, Missouri. Married Alta Florence Rinehart, 3-12-1911. North Miami, Oklahoma. He died 12-8-1922, Douthat, Oklahoma of pneumonia, buried at Melrose Kansas, Fairview Cemetery.
Green-Stephens Undertaking Co. handled Funeral services.(of Picher, Oklahoma)

I have the next three generations which includes me, they are the daughter of Nathan Landon Large= Charlotte Jane large, b. 12-6-1911, Douthat, Oklahoma. Married Lawrence Leroy Wood, 10-24-1924, Treece, Cherokee County, Kansas.

Lavada Marie Wood, Power , b. 9-10-1925, Douthat, Oklahoma,d. 1-8-1997, Joplin, Missouri, buried Ozark Memorial Cemetery, Joplin, Missouri,

Me,
Mary June Power, McCarty b. 5-21-1947, Miami, Oklahoma,
NOT DEAD YET!

Hope this helps you in some way. I have been searching for my grandmothers Blackfoot blood line, and her Cherkee line. Do you Know anything about these? Mary

Richard married Mary Jane Davidson ²⁶ ⁶⁴ ⁶⁵ ⁶⁶ on 21 Nov 1873 in Parkville, Platte, Missouri, United States. Mary was born on 11 Mar 1859 in Harrison Co., Missouri, United States, died on 10 May 1937 in Douthat, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States^⁶⁵ at age 78, and was buried on 12 May 1937 in Fairview Cemetery, Melrose, Cherokee, Kansas.

9 i. Mary Kathern Large ²⁴ ²⁵ ²⁶ ²⁷ (born on 6 May 1874 in St. Paul, Neosho, Kansas, United States - died on 11 Aug 1939, buried in G.A.R. Cemetery, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States)

ii. Dora Rena Large ²⁸ was born on 4 Feb 1875 in Platte Co., Missouri, United States.

iii. Della Theresa Large ²⁸ ⁶⁷ ⁶⁸ was born on 23 Dec 1880 in St. Paul, Neosho, Kansas, United States, died on 12 Aug 1956 in Blue Springs, Jackson, Missouri, United States at age 75, and was buried in G.A.R. Cemetery, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.^⁶⁹

iv. Thomas James Large ²⁸ ⁷⁰ was born on 23 Aug 1882 in Bourbon Co., Kentucky, United States and died <26 Mar 1919> in Douthat, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States at age 36.

v. John Henry Large ²⁸ was born on 8 Jul 1885 in (Ft. Scott), Bourbon, Kentucky, United States, died on 16 Oct 1935 in <Douthat, Oklahoma, United States> at age 50, and was buried in G.A.R. Cemetery, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.

vi. Nathan Landon Large ⁷¹ was born on 9 May 1888 in Seneca, Newton, Missouri, United States, died on 8 Dec 1922 in Douthat, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States at age 34, and was buried in Fairview Cemetery, Melrose, Cherokee, Kansas.^⁶⁵

vii. Bertie Samuel Large ²⁸ was born on 24 Mar 1891 in Baxter Springs, Cherokee, Kansas, United States and died on 25 Aug 1930 at age 39.

viii. Gertrude Elnora Large ²⁸ was born on 24 Mar 1891 in Baxter Springs, Cherokee, Kansas, United States and died about 1931 in Hollister, San Benito, California, United States about age 40.

ix. Herman Leroy Large ²⁸ was born on 23 May 1893 in Quapaw, Quapaw Reservation, Indian Territory (Ottawa), Oklahoma, United States.

19. Mary Jane Davidson,²⁶ ⁶⁴ ⁶⁵ ⁶⁶ daughter of William Davidson and Mary Elizabeth Faeger, was born on 11 Mar 1859 in Harrison Co., Missouri, United States, died on 10 May 1937 in Douthat, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States^⁶⁵ at age 78, and was buried on 12 May 1937 in Fairview Cemetery, Melrose, Cherokee, Kansas.

Research Notes: Family Records of LeRoy Paschal Fish and Carol Jean Kirk have only name Mary Jane.

FamilySearch.org has b. abt 1854.

Main source is Mary June Power, McCarty in boards.ancestry.com.
"I have been searching for my family roots for 21 years. My G-G-Grandfather was RICHARD JOSEPH LARGE, he married MARY JANE DAVIDSON. She was the daughter of MARY ELIZABETH FAEGOR-DAVIDSON and WILLIAM LARGE. Marriage date 11-21-1873, Parksville, Platt County, Missouri.

"Mary Jane was born 3-11-1859 in Harrison County, Missouri. She died 5-10-1937, buried Fairview Cemetery, Melrose Kansas. Funeral Services were conducted by Lane Funeral Hme, of Miami, Oklahoma. Jim Thomas Funeral Home, Miami, Oklahoma has the records."

----------
FindaGrave has b. 1 Mar 1858, d. 12 May 1937. No photo of the gravestone for confirmation.

From http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=D&GSiman=1&GSsr=41&GScid=92428&GRid=9098113& :

"MY GREAT-GREAT GRANDMOTHER"

Daughter of William and Mary Elizabeth (Faeger) Davidson.

She married Richard Joseph Large Nov. 21, 1873.

Mother of Mary Kathern, Dora Rena, Della Theresa, Thomas James, John Henry, Herman Leroy, Nathan Landon (My Great- Grandfather), and (twins) Bertie Samuel and Gertrude "Gertie" Elnora Large.

Mary married Richard Joseph Large ²⁶ ⁶⁰ ⁶¹ ⁶² on 21 Nov 1873 in Parkville, Platte, Missouri, United States. Richard was born on 11 May 1849 in Lawrence Co., Kentucky, United States^⁶³ and was buried before 30 May 2005 in Fairview Cemetery, Melrose, Cherokee, Kansas.

20. William Henry Carnal ⁷² was born on 4 Mar 1831 in Tennessee, United States, died on 11 Feb 1889 in <Missouri>, United States at age 57, and was buried in Seneca Cemetery, Seneca, Newton, Missouri, United States.

Birth Notes: FindaGrave.com has b. 4 March 1831. Another source has 3 March 1831. May have been born in Missouri (1920 US Census - Spencer Carnal).

Research Notes: From FamilySearch.org
U.S. Census 1880 Johnson, Polk, Missouri :
Birth Year <1830>
Birthplace NC
Age 50
Occupation Blacksmith
Marital Status M <Married>
Race W <White>
Head of Household William CARNAL
Relation Self

William married Carra A. Carnal.⁷³ Carra was born in 1833 in North Carolina, United States and died in Paris, Lamar, Texas, United States.

iii. Missouri A. Carnal ⁷⁶ was born about 1868 in Illinois, United States.

iv. Spencer E. Carnal ⁶⁸ ⁷⁷ was born on 1 Sep 1869 in Chalk Level, St. Clair, Missouri, United States, died on 9 Sep 1924 in Picher, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States at age 55, and was buried in G.A.R. Cemetery, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States.^⁷⁸

10 v. Solomon Madison Carnal ²⁹ (born on 20 Jan 1872 in Bolivar, Polk, Missouri, United States - died on 20 Dec 1956 in Picher, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States)

21. Carra A. Carnal ⁷³ was born in 1833 in North Carolina, United States and died in Paris, Lamar, Texas, United States.

• Census: 1880, Johnson, Polk, Missouri, United States. Name recorded as Carra A. Carnal. Her father was born in Tennessee, her mother in Alabama.
Spouse William Carnal age 50
Children:
Ellen 16
Liza J. 14
Missouri A. 12
Spencer 9
Solomon 7

Carra married William Henry Carnal.⁷² William was born on 4 Mar 1831 in Tennessee, United States, died on 11 Feb 1889 in <Missouri>, United States at age 57, and was buried in Seneca Cemetery, Seneca, Newton, Missouri, United States.

22. Albert Americus Thomas was born about 1865 in [near Little York], Washington, Indiana, United States and died in McDonald Co., Missouri, United States.

Albert married Nancy Arminta Dobbs ⁷⁹ on 15 Apr 1883 in Missouri, United States. Nancy was born on 9 Feb 1865 in McDonald Co., Missouri, United States and died on 16 Apr 1939 in McDonald Co., Missouri, United States at age 74.

11 i. Hattie Eudora Thomas ³¹ (born on 25 Feb 1884 - died on 11 Feb 1927, buried in G.A.R. Cemetery, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States)

23. Nancy Arminta Dobbs ⁷⁹ was born on 9 Feb 1865 in McDonald Co., Missouri, United States and died on 16 Apr 1939 in McDonald Co., Missouri, United States at age 74.

Research Notes: This may be the same person - From GenForm (http://genforum.genealogy.com/dobbs/messages/721.html):
14 Sep 1999 - From Fred Warren Davis
Searching for info on Minta Dobbs, b. 7FEB1860, place unk. d. 16Apr1939, Mcdonald
County, Mo. Married to Albert Americus Thomas, b. Little York IN, d. Mcdonald County, MO. Would appreciate any help. Fred.

Followups:
30 Apr 2000 - From Leon Dobbs
I have information on a Nancy Arminta Dobbs born 9 Feb 1865 who married Albert A. Thomas on 15 Apr 1893 in Missouri. I have information about her parents, grandparents etc and their 7 children and spouses. I was not able to reach Fred through his e mail address today.

14 Sep 1999 - From Betty Dobbs Wilson
McDonald County was full of the Dobbs family from Claiborne County Tennessee. Though I am not familiar with the name Minta, many of the siblings of my suspected ancestors are from McDonald County. My known ancestors were in Laclede and Pulaski counties of Missouri. My gggrandfather was Lide W Dobbs, supposed to be the son of John Dobbs who was in McDonald County as well as many of John Dobbs siblings. Good luck in your research-You might definitely try McMinn or Claiborne county-Tennessee. Betty

Nancy married Albert Americus Thomas on 15 Apr 1883 in Missouri, United States. Albert was born about 1865 in [near Little York], Washington, Indiana, United States and died in McDonald Co., Missouri, United States.

24. Richard J. Kirk,¹⁶ son of William Matthew Kirk, Sr. and Elizabeth Harvill, was born on 4 Mar 1838 in Jefferson Co., Illinois, United States, died on 29 Nov 1872 in Nevada, Vernon, Missouri, United States at age 34, and was buried in Lawrence Cemetery, Stokesbury, Vernon, Missouri, United States.

Richard married Martha A. Crook ¹⁶ on 22 Mar 1857 in Fort Scott, Bourbon, Kentucky, United States. Martha was born about 1841 in Missouri, United States and died in 1883 in Metz, Vernon, Missouri, United States about age 42.

12 i. George Robert Kirk ¹⁶ (born on 19 Aug 1872 in Nevada, Vernon, Missouri, United States - died on 30 Jun 1944 in Miami, (Ottawa), Oklahoma, United States)

25. Martha A. Crook,¹⁶ daughter of William Crook and Susan Simmons, was born about 1841 in Missouri, United States and died in 1883 in Metz, Vernon, Missouri, United States about age 42.

Martha married Richard J. Kirk ¹⁶ on 22 Mar 1857 in Fort Scott, Bourbon, Kentucky, United States. Richard was born on 4 Mar 1838 in Jefferson Co., Illinois, United States, died on 29 Nov 1872 in Nevada, Vernon, Missouri, United States at age 34, and was buried in Lawrence Cemetery, Stokesbury, Vernon, Missouri, United States.

Martha next married Andrew T. Staley ¹⁶ in 1879 in Missouri, United States. Andrew was born in 1831 in Indiana, United States and died in 1881 in Missouri, United States at age 50.

26. James Densmore Parsons,¹⁶ son of Jesse Parsons and Phebe Jane < >, was born on 13 Mar 1849 in <Thornton, Boone, Indiana>, United States, died on 22 Nov 1896 at age 47, and was buried in Walker Cemetery, Welch, Craig, Oklahoma, United States.

James married Nancy Jane White ¹⁶ in 1875 in Girard, Crawford, Kansas, United States. Nancy was born on 10 Aug 1839 in Thornton, Boone, Indiana, United States, died on 25 Sep 1919 in Centralia, Craig, Oklahoma, United States at age 80, and was buried in Martin Cemetery, Childers, Nowata, Oklahoma, United States.^⁸⁰

13 i. Grace Elizabeth Parsons ¹⁶ (born on 11 Feb 1876 in Fort Scott, Bourbon, Kansas, United States - died on 26 Nov 1951 in Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States)

ii. David Densmore Parsons ⁸¹ was born in 1879 in Fort Scott, Bourbon, Kansas, United States, died in 1962 in Vinita, Craig, Oklahoma, United States at age 83, and was buried in Fairview Cemetery, Vinita, Craig, Oklahoma, United States.

27. Nancy Jane White,¹⁶ daughter of Samuel F. White and Rebecca Jane Lipsey, was born on 10 Aug 1839 in Thornton, Boone, Indiana, United States, died on 25 Sep 1919 in Centralia, Craig, Oklahoma, United States at age 80, and was buried in Martin Cemetery, Childers, Nowata, Oklahoma, United States.^⁸⁰

Nancy married James Fredrick Hency ¹⁶ on 18 Mar 1858 in Tippecanoe, Marshall, Indiana, United States.

Nancy next married James Densmore Parsons ¹⁶ in 1875 in Girard, Crawford, Kansas, United States. James was born on 13 Mar 1849 in <Thornton, Boone, Indiana>, United States, died on 22 Nov 1896 at age 47, and was buried in Walker Cemetery, Welch, Craig, Oklahoma, United States.

Nancy next married Hiram Stapleton ¹⁶ in 1910. Hiram was born in <Centralia, Craig, Oklahoma>, United States.

28. William Henry Switzer,⁶² ⁸² ⁸³ ⁸⁴ son of David Switzer and Anna Campbell, was born in Dec 1843 in Ray Co., Missouri, United States and died after Jun 1900 in Hector, Pope, Arkansas, United States.

Birth Notes: Source:
http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=cathyconn&id=I59 has b. Dec 1844 in Ray Co., Missouri, but also notes discrepancies in age given in census data, making it possible that he was born between 1843 and 1847.

Family records of Carol Jean Kirk & LeRoy Paschal Fish have b. abt 1846, possibly in Arkansas.

Death Notes: From Barbara Holman's Switzer family tree 2006:
"Sarah Choate tells of Henry's death as being in Hector, Arkansas, at the ho;me of Seab Ward..."

Research Notes: From Letter from Barbara L. Holman, September 7, 2006 to Switzer descendents with family tree "The Switzer Family Heritage" :
"Note: Later wives of Henry S. Switzer were Bettie Popejoy, Mary Dickens, Ellen Frasier and Sarah Choate. Sarah Choate tells of Henry's death as being in Hector, Arkansas, at the home of Seab Ward and that Henry was a former soldier."
---------
From http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=cathyconn&id=I59

Census data :

1860 Shoul Creek Township, Newton Co. MO 293-291
David SWITZER, age 45, Male, Farmer, 140, Ohio
Hanna D. age 27, female, MO
Henry age 12, Male, MO
Milly, age 5, female, MO
Mary age 3, female, MO
Jane age 1, female, MO

1870 Searcy Co. AR Census-- Richland Townsp 94-95

SWITSER, Henry rw age 23 (1) b. MO (If he is 23 years old, then he must have been born in 1847) (Must have married Nellie J. in MO, since first child is born there too.)
Nelley J. age 22 (12) b. TN
Mary J. age 4 b. MO
Sarah L. age 2 b. AR
John C. age 4/12 b. Feb.AR

1880 Searcy Co. AR. Census 8-8

SWITZER, Henry, male, age 36(b. 1844, I don't think he's sure how old he is, because in the 1870 census he was 23 years old.) married, farmer, born in MO, VA, uk;
Mary, female age 34, wife b. AR;
Sarah L. age 13 female b. AR, MO, TN
John C. male age 10, b. AR, MO, TN;
Daniel W. male age 9 son b. AR, MO, TN
(Note: Wife in 1870 was Nelley J.)
SWITZER, Harriet female age 7 daughter, b. AR, MO, TN.
Samuel male age 1 b. AR, MO;
DICKENS, James age 12 stepson AR, UK, UK;
John M. male age 3 stepson, AR, UK, UK;
Bell female age 7 stepdaughter, AR, UK, UK,
Cora female age 5 stepdaughter, AR, UK, UK
Ida, age 4 stepdaughter, AR, UK, UK

1900 Searcy Co. Census: States Widowed,
and that he was born in AR but that both of his parents were born in MO. He was Living W/son Dan and gave his birthdate as Dec 1843.

• Census: U.S., 4 Jun 1900, St. Joe, Searcy, Arkansas, United States. Switzer Henry, father, W M Dec 1843 age 56 Widowed, born Arkansas, parents born Missouri.

William married Ellender Jane Manes ⁶² ⁸⁵ ⁸⁶ ⁸⁷ about 1864 in <Missouri, United States>. Ellender was born in 1848 in Bradley, Tennessee, United States and died in 1879 at age 31.

Marriage Notes: From http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=cathyconn&id=I59
(Must have married Nellie J. in
MO, since first child is born there too.)

iii. John Clayborne Switzer ⁸² ⁸⁸ ⁸⁹ was born on 1 Feb 1870 in Blanco, Searcy, Arkansas, United States, died on 17 Jul 1956 in <Searcy, Arkansas>, United States at age 86, and was buried in Whisenant Cemetery, Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States.

Birth Notes: http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=cathyconn&id=I60 gives b. 1848 in Bradley Co., TN. Another source has b. abt. 1850 possibly in Arkansas. The former source seems more authoritative

Research Notes: Family records of LeRoy Paschal Fish and Carol Jean Kirk have Jane Manos, b. abt 1850, possibly in Arkansas, last name Manos. This is probably inaccurate, a misreading of handwritten name.

This site,
http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=cathyconn&id=I60
has other detail plus parents, with last name Manes instead of Manos.
"She was a sister to Dave and Reno Manes. He played a banjo and
played songs."

Ellender married William Henry Switzer ⁶² ⁸² ⁸³ ⁸⁴ about 1864 in <Missouri, United States>. William was born in Dec 1843 in Ray Co., Missouri, United States and died after Jun 1900 in Hector, Pope, Arkansas, United States.

30. Henry Thomas Seitz,³⁴ ⁹¹ ⁹² ⁹³ son of Abraham Seitz and Martha Conelly, was born on 5 May 1842 in <Saint Joe, Searcy, Arkansas, United States>, died on 5 Sep 1904 in <Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States> at age 62, and was buried in McMahan Cemetery, Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States.^⁹⁴

Burial Notes: From http://www.arfamilies.info/afcemsearcymcmahan.htm - McMahan Cemetery :

Henry Seitz May 5, 1842 September 5, 1904

Husband of Elizabeth Moore

Married May 13, 1883 Book B, page 191 Searcy County, Arkansas

• Census: 1880, Calf Creek, Searcy, Arkansas, United States. ⁹⁵ 1880
Henry SEITZ Self M Male W 38 GA Farmer NC GA
Martha A SEITZ Wife M Female W 30 GA Housekeeping NC NC
John T SEITZ Son S Male W 12 GA GA GA
Henry O SEITZ Son S Male W 9 AR GA GA
Georgia G SEITZ Dau S Female W 5 AR GA GA
Martha F SEITZ Dau S Female W 2 AR GA GA

Henry married Martha Ann Plemmons ⁹⁶ ⁹⁷ <1867> in <Georgia>, United States. Martha was born on 28 Oct 1842 in Gilmer, Georgia, United States, died on 23 Oct 1882 in Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States at age 39, and was buried in McMahan Cemetery, Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States.

i. John Thomas Seitz ⁹⁶ ⁹⁸ was born on 15 Sep 1868, died on 21 Dec 1948 at age 80, and was buried in Garden of Memories Cemetery, Vian, Sequoyah, Oklahoma, United States.

ii. Henry Oscar Seitz ⁹⁹ was born on 19 Mar 1871 in <Arkansas>, United States, died on 30 Jul 1885 in <Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States> at age 14, and was buried in McMahan Cemetery, Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States.

iv. Martha Francis Seitz ¹⁰¹ was born on 22 Nov 1877 in Blanco, Searcy, Arkansas, United States and died on 5 Feb 1963 in Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States at age 85.

v. Malissa Ann Seitz ¹⁰² ¹⁰³ was born on 15 Nov 1880, died on 15 Jun 1903 at age 22, and was buried in McMahan Cemetery, Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States.

Henry next married Elizabeth Moore,¹⁰⁴ daughter of Elijah Moore and Mary Jane Stanley, on 13 May 1883 in Searcy Co., Arkansas, United States.¹⁰⁵ Elizabeth was born on 4 Apr 1844 in Arkansas, United States, died on 1 Nov 1903 in Searcy Co., Arkansas, United States at age 59, and was buried in McMahan Cemetery, Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States.^⁹⁴

Burial Notes: Elizabeth Seitz April 4, 1844 November 1, 1903
Daughter of Elijah Moore and Mary Jane Stanley
Wife of Henry Seitz

31. Martha Ann Plemmons,⁹⁶ ⁹⁷ daughter of Thomas Plemons and Margaret < >, was born on 28 Oct 1842 in Gilmer, Georgia, United States, died on 23 Oct 1882 in Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States at age 39, and was buried in McMahan Cemetery, Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States.

Birth Notes: May have died in 1848.
According to a transcribed 1850 census, she was 8 years old at that time. FindaGrave has b. 28 Oct 1848.

Research Notes: Family records of LeRoy Paschal Fish and Carol Jean Kirk have only Martha (no surname).

FindaGrave.com has Martha Ann Plemmons Seitz.

From http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~cenfiles/ga/gilmer/1850/p376b.txt :
Year: 1850
State: Georgia
County: Gilmer Sheet
No: 377A Reel No: M432-70 Division: Subdivision 33 Page No: 754 Enumerated on: Aug - Dec 7th - 19th, 1850 by: C.H.A. Ellington Transcribed by Cassandra R. Newby for USGenWeb, http://www.rootsweb.com/census/. Copyright: 2003
397 Thomas Plemons 51 M Farmer 1000 [acres] [born in] NC
Margaret Plemons 50 F NC
Martha A. Plemons 8 F GA

Martha married Henry Thomas Seitz ³⁴ ⁹¹ ⁹² ⁹³ <1867> in <Georgia>, United States. Henry was born on 5 May 1842 in <Saint Joe, Searcy, Arkansas, United States>, died on 5 Sep 1904 in <Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States> at age 62, and was buried in McMahan Cemetery, Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States.^⁹⁴

Sixth Generation

Death Notes: www.wyandot.org/emigrant.htm has late October, 1833.
http://www.shawnee-traditions.com/Names-7.html has d. 1833
Another source states that he died at the Shawnee Mission in 1834. Burial?

Research Notes: May have been 1/4 Miami and 1/8 Delaware (see below).
--------------
From text accompanying a photograph from the Smithsonian Institution archives:

"[Leander] Jackson Fish's father [Paschal Fish] was half Shawnee, one eighth Miami and one sixteenth Delaware. "
----------
If the math is correct and Paschal Fish's mother was 100% Shawnee, then his father [William Jackson] was probably 1/4 Miami and 1/8 Delaware. On the other hand, if Paschal Fish's mother was Polly Rogers, either Polly was 1/4 Miami and 1/8 Delaware with William Jackson Fish identifying himself as Shawnee, or Polly was 100% Shawnee and William Jackson Fish was 1/4 Miami and 1/8 Delaware.

---------
From Historic Shawnee Names of the 1700s - http://www.shawnee-traditions.com/Names-7.html

"Fish aka William Jackson - Adopted-white born about 1760-died 1833 - adopted son of Black Fish before 1778, raiding Ohio River valley 1788, Little Turtle War, move to MO 1828, husband 1^st about 1780 of Elizabeth Bishop-white, 2^nd about 1789 of Shawnee Woman, 3^rd 1798 of Polly Rogers-1/2 Shawnee Metis (granddaughter of Black Fish), father with Shawnee Woman of Arch/90, Pascal/92, Isaac/94, Andrew/95, Jesse/96-all 1/2 Shawnee Metis, no children of record with Elizabeth, with Polly of Elizabeth Nakease/98, John/99, William Jr/1800-all 1/4^th Shawnee Metis"

See notes under Joseph Jackson. It is unlikely that the Joseph Jackson captured by the Shawnee with Daniel Boone in 1778 was this William Jackson's father since records show this William adopted by the Shawnee before that Joseph was captured.

---------------------

See KHC, vol. 9, pp. 166,167. Historian Rodney Staab of Shawnee Mission, Kansas, has furnished me with an excellent account of Chief Fish written by Fern Long. Her information conflicts somewhat with other sources, but it should not be missed by anyone doing research on the Jackson/Fish family. According to her 1978 article on Chief Fish, she agrees that [William Jackson Fish] was captured as a youth and raised by the Shawnees in the band of Lewis Rogers whose daughter he married. Paschal Fish was "a large-framed man" who "also acquired the Indian ways seeming to be totally Indian." but at the same time, she says "these Shawnees had associated with white people for generations and desired a settled life with homes, schools, churches, ___and agriculture."

----------------
From Kansas State Historical Society
Letter 13 Jan 1831 from Richard W. Cummins, U.S. Ind. Agt., Delaware & Shawnee Agency to William Clark, S.I.A., St. Louis:
"Chiefs of Fish's or Jackson's band of Shawnees have agreed to allow a school to be started. Revd. Mr. McAllister & Thomas Johnson hope to have school in operation early in spring."

• Legislation: Indian Removal Act passed by Congress, 28 May 1830. Source: The Emigrant Tribes: Wyandot, Delaware & Shawnee, A Chronology by Larry Hancks, http://www.wyandow.org/emigrant.htm (5/21/08)

i. Arch Fish (Relationship to Father: Biological, Relationship to Mother: Biological )

ii. Isaac Fish ¹⁰⁸ (Relationship to Father: Biological, Relationship to Mother: Biological ) was born <1828>, died <26 Aug 1891> in <Oklahoma>, United States at age 63, and was buried in <Secondine or Armstrong Cemetery, Nowata County, Oklahoma>, United States.

iii. Andrew Fish (Relationship to Father: Biological, Relationship to Mother: Step )

iv. Jesse Fish (Relationship to Father: Biological, Relationship to Mother: Biological )

William next married Polly Rogers ¹⁰⁹ about 1798. Polly was born <1782> in <Missouri>, United States and died 1848 or 1849 in Pottawatomie Mission, Kansas, (United States) at age 66.

Marriage Notes: One source has m. abt 1800, another has abt 1798. Probably makes a difference in which were her children.

16 ii. Chief Paschal "Pas-Cal-We" Fish ⁴⁹ ⁵⁰ ⁵¹ ⁵² ⁵³ ⁵⁴ (Relationship to Father: Biological, Relationship to Mother: Biological ) (born in 1805 in Shawnee Tribe, (Kansas Territory), (United States) - died in 1894 in Baxter Springs, Cherokee, Kansas, United States)

iii. Charles "Sa-La-Ne-Weh" Fish (Relationship to Father: Biological, Relationship to Mother: Biological ) was born in 1815 in Shawnee Tribe, Kansas Territory (Kansas), (United States) and died on 27 Dec 1866 at age 51.

iv. Andrew Fish (Relationship to Father: Biological, Relationship to Mother: Step )

v. Arch Fish (Relationship to Father: Biological, Relationship to Mother: Step )

vi. Elizabeth "Na-ke-a-se" Fish (Relationship to Father: Biological, Relationship to Mother: Biological )

vii. Isaac Fish ¹⁰⁸ (Relationship to Father: Biological, Relationship to Mother: Step ) was born <1828>, died <26 Aug 1891> in <Oklahoma>, United States at age 63, and was buried in <Secondine or Armstrong Cemetery, Nowata County, Oklahoma>, United States.

viii. John Fish (Relationship to Father: Biological, Relationship to Mother: Biological )

ix. William Fish, Jr. (Relationship to Father: Biological, Relationship to Mother: Biological )

x. Jesse Fish (Relationship to Father: Biological, Relationship to Mother: Biological )

33. Polly Rogers,¹⁰⁹ daughter of Captain Henry Rogers and Chelatha Blackfish, was born <1782> in <Missouri>, United States and died 1848 or 1849 in Pottawatomie Mission, Kansas, (United States) at age 66.

Research Notes: I am assuming that Martha Rogers (m. abt 1800) and Polly Rogers (m. abt 1798) are the same person. This may NOT be so (see below). A Martha is listed in the 1854 Shawnee census as Paschal Fish's wife (age 40). Some sources (e.g., http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=kearns_family_2&id=I5812) give William Jackson Fish's nickname as "Pascal Fish." Things have probably become muddled.

See also http://www.shawnee-traditions.com/Names-7.html. That site states that Polly Rogers was 1/2 Shawnee Metis and the granddaughter of Black Fish.

Since Polly Rogers is given in the following source as the wife of Rev. Mackinaw Boachman [see below], it is likely that Polly married (1) William Jackson Fish, then, after Fish died in 1833, (2) Rev. Mackinaw Boachman, who died in May 1848.

From Transactions of the Kansas State Historical Society, 1907-1908, Vol. X, edited by George W. Martin (Topeka, 1908), pp. 401-402:

"His wife was Polly Rogers, daughter of Henry Rogers and his wife, the daughter of Blackfish, chief of the Shawnees. She probably belonged to the small band of Shawnees which settled on the Meramec, near the leadmines, in Missouri, about the beginning of the last century [early 1800's]. Mrs. Boachman died a few weeks before her husband, at the old Pottawatomie mission, in the spring of 1848 or 1849. They had six children: Annie, the wife of the Rev. N. T. Shaler, who died before her parents; Washington, who died in youth; Alexander, whose allotment comprises the present Auburndale addition to the city of Topeka, supposed to be now a resident of Dowagiac, Mich.; Julia Ann, wife of the late Thomas Nesbit Stinson, born on the Shawnee reserve, Johnson county, March 26, 1834; William, who died near Fort Scott in the early '60's' and Martha, the youngest, the late Mrs. John Read, whose allotment adjoined Mrs. Stinson's, near Tecumseh, Shawnee county, Kansas. Some additional matter relating to Mr. Boachman's family will be found in the Kansas Historical Collections, volume 9, pages 170 and 212."

----

Mary Cross (12 Apr 2000) on message board (http://boards.ancestry.com/surnames.rogers/1099.1112/mb.ashx) cites Richard Pagburn's Indian Blood: Finding Your Native American Ancestor, Vol 1 (Louisvills:Burler Books, 1993) when she writes [with some editing]:

"When Gen. George Rogers Clark attacked the Shawnee town of Piqua (Pickaway) in Aug of 1870, there were members of his family living among them. A nephew Joseph Rogers ran out of the village,, was shot by mistake. 'Silverheels' was among those Shawnees who fled Piqua. He reported to the British that Rogers was missing. Also Henry Rogers (a Shawnee), who had been adopted by Blackfish, but was living in another village. Henry Rogers' halfbreed children included Lewis Rogers, William Rogers, Polly Rogers, Graham Rogers. Macinaw tribe's Beauchemie [Bushman], an adopted Potawatomi, married Shawnee Polly Rogers, daughter of Henry Rogers, son-in-law of Blackfish. Their children included Anne (who married N.T. Shaler), Julia Ann (who married Thomas Nesbit Stinson), Alexander, William, Martha Boshman."
-------
The following is pretty much discredited by all the above sources:
www.wyandot.org/emigrant.htm says she was the daughter of Lewis Rogers. A different Polly? Apparently Fern Long wrote an article on Chief Fish (William Jackson) in 1978 in which she stated that he was raised by the Shawnees in the band of Lewis Rogers whose daughter he married. How does Lewis Rogers fit into the picture? William Jackson was adopted by Chief Black Fish.

And according to Mary Cross (12 Apr 2000), "Lewis Rogers, a white Chief of a band of Shawnees and Delawares on the upper Meramec, appealed to Meriwether Lewis for assistance after being threatened by Osage horse thieves."

Another family tree on Rootsweb (http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=kearns_family_2&id=I5812) gives Mary "Polly" Rogers as the daughter of Captain Lewis Rogers (b. 1750 in Virginia) and Parlie Blackfish (b. 1756 in Ohio).

Polly next married Rev. Mackinaw Boachman, son of < > Beauchemin, after 1833. Mackinaw was born before 1812 in Mackinaw, Michigan, United States and died on 12 May 1848.

36. William Large ¹¹¹ was born in 1815 in Virginia, United States.^¹¹²

William married Nancy <Thompson> ⁶⁵ on 28 Jun 1840 in Carter Co., Kentucky, United States.⁶³ Nancy was born in 1824 in Kentucky, United States.

18 i. Richard Joseph Large ²⁶ ⁶⁰ ⁶¹ ⁶² (born on 11 May 1849 in Lawrence Co., Kentucky, United States - buried before 30 May 2005 in Fairview Cemetery, Melrose, Cherokee, Kansas)

Nancy married William Large ¹¹¹ on 28 Jun 1840 in Carter Co., Kentucky, United States.⁶³ William was born in 1815 in Virginia, United States.^¹¹²

19 i. Mary Jane Davidson ²⁶ ⁶⁴ ⁶⁵ ⁶⁶ (born on 11 Mar 1859 in Harrison Co., Missouri, United States - died on 10 May 1937 in Douthat, Ottawa, Oklahoma, United States)

William married Mary Gazaway before 1807. Mary was born in 1789, died in 1835 in <Jefferson Co., Illinois>, United States at age 46, and was buried in 1835 in Kirk Cemetery, Ina, Jefferson, Illinois, United States.

William next married Elizabeth Harvill ¹⁶ on 18 Sep 1837 in Jefferson Co., Illinois, United States. Elizabeth was born in 1813 in Hickman Co., Tennessee, United States, died in 1841 in Spring Garden Twp, Jefferson, Illinois, United States at age 28, and was buried in Kirk Cemetery, Ina, Jefferson, Illinois, United States.

24 i. Richard J. Kirk ¹⁶ (born on 4 Mar 1838 in Jefferson Co., Illinois, United States - died on 29 Nov 1872 in Nevada, Vernon, Missouri, United States)

William next married Lois Smith on 27 Oct 1844 in Jefferson Co., Illinois, United States. The marriage ended in divorce in Aug 1847. Lois was born on 29 Jun 1805 in Tennessee, United States.

William next married Winnie < > ¹¹⁸ before 1850. Winnie was born about 1822 in Tennessee, United States, died on 30 Jan 1879 in Barry Co., Missouri, United States about age 57, and was buried in Munsey Cemetery, Barry Co., Missouri, United States.

49. Elizabeth Harvill,¹⁶ daughter of George Harvill and Mary Ann < >, was born in 1813 in Hickman Co., Tennessee, United States, died in 1841 in Spring Garden Twp, Jefferson, Illinois, United States at age 28, and was buried in Kirk Cemetery, Ina, Jefferson, Illinois, United States.

Elizabeth married William Matthew Kirk, Sr. ¹⁶ ¹¹⁴ on 18 Sep 1837 in Jefferson Co., Illinois, United States. William was born about 1785 in South Carolina, United States and died between 1860 and 1870.

William married Susan Simmons.¹⁶ Susan was born in 1813 in Tennessee, United States.

25 i. Martha A. Crook ¹⁶ (born about 1841 in Missouri, United States - died in 1883 in Metz, Vernon, Missouri, United States)

Susan married William Crook.¹⁶ William was born in 1802 in Tennessee, United States.

52. Jesse Parsons ¹⁶ was born in 1807 in Virginia, United States and died after 1870.

Jesse married Phebe Jane < > ¹⁶ before 1830 in Ohio, United States. Phebe was born in 1814 in Kentucky, United States and died after 1870.

26 i. James Densmore Parsons ¹⁶ (born on 13 Mar 1849 in <Thornton, Boone, Indiana>, United States - died on 22 Nov 1896, buried in Walker Cemetery, Welch, Craig, Oklahoma, United States)

53. Phebe Jane < > ¹⁶ was born in 1814 in Kentucky, United States and died after 1870.

Phebe married Jesse Parsons ¹⁶ before 1830 in Ohio, United States. Jesse was born in 1807 in Virginia, United States and died after 1870.

Samuel married Rebecca Jane Lipsey ¹⁶ on 10 May 1834 in Perquimans Co., North Carolina, United States. Rebecca was born in 1816 in Kentucky, United States.

27 i. Nancy Jane White ¹⁶ (born on 10 Aug 1839 in Thornton, Boone, Indiana, United States - died on 25 Sep 1919 in Centralia, Craig, Oklahoma, United States)

Rebecca married Samuel F. White ¹⁶ on 10 May 1834 in Perquimans Co., North Carolina, United States. Samuel was born in 1809 in Kentucky, United States.

56. David Switzer ¹²⁰ ¹²¹ ¹²² was born in 1813 in Germany and died after 6 Jul 1860 in Shoul Creek Twp, Newton, Missouri, United States.

Birth Notes: The 1850 census says he was born in Germany. Other sources have Ohio.

Research Notes:
From
http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=cathyconn&id=I1264 :

1850 U.S. Census - Ray Co., Missouri
Switzer David 37 M Farmer Germany
Switzer Anna 35 F KY X
Hamilton Amanda J. 14 F MO
Switzer Louisa 6 F MO
Switzer Daniel 12 M MO
Switzer Henry 6 M MO

The John Switzer in the same 1850 census may have been David's brother:
Switzer John 44 M Farmer OH - possessed $2500 of real estate
Switzer Elizabeth 42 F OH
Switzer Samuel C. 20 M Farmer OH
Switzer Matthew 18 M Farmer OH
Switzer Andrew J. 17 M Farmer OH
Switzer 14 M OH
Switzer 12 F OH
Switzer 10 M MO
Switzer John F. 7 M MO
Switzer James R. 5 M MO
Switzer George A. 2 MO
Switzer Marion B. 5 months MO

1860 U.S. Census Newton Co. MO, Shoul Creek Township (close to Ozart, MO):
Switzer, David 45 M Farmer $140 OH
Hannah D 27 F MO
Henry 12 M MO
Milly 5 F MO
Mary 3 F MO
Jane 1 F MO

6 July 1860 - Buffalo Like Township, Chariton County - Robertson Moore, Asst. Marshal:
David Switzer # of slaves: 4 23 F B
4 F M
2 M B
6mths F B

David married Anna Campbell on 18 Jun 1848 in Ray Co., Missouri, United States. Anna was born in 1815 in Kentucky, United States.

Marriage Notes: From http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=cathyconn&id=I1265

Marriage Book 1 Ray Co. MO Note:
SWITZER, David of Caldwell Co. MO married Anna Campbell 18 June
1848 page 41

i. Daniel Switzer ¹²² was born in 1838 in <Ray>, Missouri, United States.

iii. Louisa Switzer ¹²² was born in 1844 in <Ray>, Missouri, United States.

Research Notes: Source:
http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=cathyconn&id=I1265
"This info came from Judy Keeler, gr-niece of Georgia Augusta
Seitz wife of Daniel Wesley SWITZER. judyklr77@yahoo.com"

Anna married David Switzer ¹²⁰ ¹²¹ ¹²² on 18 Jun 1848 in Ray Co., Missouri, United States. David was born in 1813 in Germany and died after 6 Jul 1860 in Shoul Creek Twp, Newton, Missouri, United States.

58. Rev. Clabourn Lafayette Manes,¹²³ ¹²⁴ ¹²⁵ son of George R. Manes and Malinda B. Lawson, was born on 20 Nov 1814 in Rhea, Tennessee, United States, died on 21 Oct 1884 in Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States at age 69, and was buried in Whisenant Cemetery, Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States.

Birth Notes: http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=cathyconn&id=I560 has b. 20 Nov 1814 in Hawkins Co.
http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=foxbonham&id=P3195770613 has b. same date in Rhea Co.

Death Notes: http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=cathyconn&id=I560 has d. 21 Nov. 1884. FindaGrave has 21 Oct 1884.

Burial Notes: http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=cathyconn&id=I560

Research Notes: Per Descendants of John Maness, he was a member of "The Peace Society" during the Civil War.

From http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=cathyconn&id=I560:
Blue Eyes and Fair Complected
Black Hair

Clabourn enlisted in Bradley Co. TN. He & Sarah and family
lived in 1) Bradley Co. TN, 2) DeKalb Co. AL, 3) back to Bradley
Co. TN, 4) Seary Co. AR, 5) Washington Co., AR, 6) Scott Co. AR,
7)back to Searcy Co, 8)Cedar Co. MO (this is confirmed by
pension records of Frederick Wm Carsten, 2nd husband of daughter
Neoma/Naomi Manes), 9)back to Searcy Co. AR, 10) Tney Co., MO
11) Boone Co. AR, 12)Cook Co., TX, 13) Madison Co., AR, finally
14) returning to Searcy Co. AR( no dates yet but have other
correlating evidence to support a lot of these moves).
Note: Photo of tombstone in my file. Note: Came to this part of the country on the Trail of Tears. Note:
CLAIBOURN LAFAYETTE4 MANES (GEORGE R.3, SETH2, WILLIAM1) was
born November 20, 1814 in Rhea Co., Tennessee, and died August
21, 1884 in Searcy Co., Arkansas. He married SARAH SAMPLE Abt.
1838 in Bradley Co., Tennessee. She was born July 15, 1824, and
died June 11, 1895 in Searcy Co., Arkansas.
Note: More About CLAIBOURN LAFAYETTE MANES: Note: Burial: Buried in Whisenhant Cemetery, Snowball, Searcy Co., AR Note: Fact 1: Bet. 1849 - 1852, Came to Arkansas in this period
Note:
Fact 2: Owned 80 Acres in Searcy Co., Sec 32, Twp 16N, Rng 17W,
Mar. 20, 1877.

Note:
Fact 3: Owned 40 Acres in Logan Co., Sec 10, Twp 5N, Rng 27W
Sept. 1, 1860. ² ¹ ³ ⁵

Military: Clabourn served as a Private in Capt. Elliott's Co. Tenn. Vols.,
Chaerokee Dist. from 01 Nov 1837 to May 9, 1838 (Wido3w's
Pension #268 filed Aug 24, 1892) witnessed by E. L. Phelps, J.
W. Rogers of St. Joe, AR.
...an Affidavit of Sarah
Manes dated 17 Aug 1893, she stated "that to the best of her knowledge her husband spelled his first name CLABOURN"

• Enlisted: in Tennessee Volunteers, 1 Nov 1837, Bradley, Tennessee, United States.

• Served: as a Private in Tennessee Volunteers, Cherokee District, 1 Nov 1837-9 May 1838. Captain Elliott's company.
(Widow's Pension #268 filed Aug 24, 1892, witnessed by E. L. Phelps, J.
W. Rogers of St. Joe, AR.)

• Moved: from Tennessee to Arkansas on the Trail of Tears, Betw 1849 and 1852.

• Owned: 40 acres, Sec 10, Twp 5N, Rng 27W, 1 Sep 1860, Logan, Arkansas, United States.

• Owned: 80 acres, Sec 32, Twp 16N, Rng 17W, 20 Mar 1877, Searcy Co., Arkansas, United States.

• Census: Subdivsion 26, Page 237-A, Dwelling 1394, 22 Nov 1850, Bradley, Tennessee, United States.

Clabourn married Sarah Sampley ¹⁶ ¹²⁶ ¹²⁷ on 13 Oct 1838 in Chattanooga, Hamilton, Tennessee, United States. Sarah was born on 15 Jul 1824 in Tennessee, United States, died on 11 Jun 1895 in Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States at age 70, and was buried in Whisenant Cemetery, Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States.

i. John Wesley Manes ¹²⁸ was born in Nov 1841 in Arkansas, United States.

iii. Malinda Manes ¹³⁰ was born about 1844 in Bradley, Tennessee, United States.

iv. Harriett Manes ¹³¹ was born on 15 Dec 1845 in Alabama, United States.

vi. Mary Manes ¹³³ was born in 1850 in Bradley, Tennessee, United States and died <1860> at age 10.

viii. William C. Manes ¹³⁵ was born in Feb 1854 in Arkansas, United States.

ix. David Howell Caruthers Manes ⁸⁵ ¹³⁶ ¹³⁷ was born on 9 Jan 1856 in Arkansas, United States, died on 13 Jan 1947 in <Arkansas>, United States at age 91, and was buried in Whisenant Cemetery, Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States.

x. Lewis Hamilton Manes ¹³⁸ was born on 27 Jan 1858 in St. Joe, Searcy, Arkansas, United States and died on 5 Dec 1937 in Tahlequah, Cherokee, Oklahoma, United States at age 79.

xi. James Richard Russell Manes ⁸⁵ ¹³⁹ was born in Jan 1860 in Arkansas, United States.

xii. John William Manes ¹⁴⁰ ¹⁴¹ was born in Jun 1864, died in 1922 at age 58, and was buried in Park Hill Cemetery, Park Hill, Cherokee, Oklahoma, United States.

xiii. Jesse John Manes ¹⁴² was born about 1867 in Arkansas, United States.

59. Sarah Sampley ¹⁶ ¹²⁶ ¹²⁷ was born on 15 Jul 1824 in Tennessee, United States, died on 11 Jun 1895 in Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States at age 70, and was buried in Whisenant Cemetery, Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States.

• Census: Subdivsion 26, Page 237-A, Dwelling 1394, 22 Nov 1850, Bradley, Tennessee, United States.

Sarah married Rev. Clabourn Lafayette Manes ¹²³ ¹²⁴ ¹²⁵ on 13 Oct 1838 in Chattanooga, Hamilton, Tennessee, United States. Clabourn was born on 20 Nov 1814 in Rhea, Tennessee, United States, died on 21 Oct 1884 in Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States at age 69, and was buried in Whisenant Cemetery, Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States.

Research Notes: From US GenWeb http://files.usgwarchives.net/ar/state/history/pub/desmond/swamp22b.txt

This may be "our" Abraham Seitz.
Arkansas State Donation and Swamp Land Sales, L-Z

Following are the patentees listed in the book "Arkansas Swamp Land Sales, 1855 - 1868" compiled by Desmond Walls Allen, ISBN 1-56546-209-2, published by Arkansas Research, Inc., PO Box 303, Conway, AR 72033, 501/470-1120 voice and fax. Price: $25.00 plus shipping. In addition to the patentees' names, the book lists the patent date, patent and application number, land description (section, range, and township), number of acres, ledger citation, and miscellaneous notes.

Seitze, Abraham
Seitze, Francis M.

30 i. Henry Thomas Seitz ³⁴ ⁹¹ ⁹² ⁹³ (born on 5 May 1842 in <Saint Joe, Searcy, Arkansas, United States> - died on 5 Sep 1904 in <Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States>)

62. Thomas Plemons,¹⁶ ¹⁴³ ¹⁴⁴ son of John Plemons and Cecelia Hailey, was born about 1799 in Burke Co., North Carolina, United States and died in 1870 in Gilmer Co., Georgia, United States about age 71.

Research Notes: Note from RootsWeb http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:af4124&id=I121:
Entire family except the oldest child John can be found on the 1850 Gilmer Co.census.
Birthdate was given as 1779, which is impossible. This researcher has therefore changed it to 1799. See below.

From http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~cenfiles/ga/gilmer/1850/p376b.txt :
Year: 1850 State: Georgia County: Gilmer Sheet No: 377A Reel No: M432-70 Division: Subdivision 33 Page No: 754 Enumerated on: Aug - Dec 7th - 19th, 1850 by: C.H.A. Ellington Transcribed by Cassandra R. Newby for USGenWeb, http://www.rootsweb.com/census/. Copyright: 2003
397 Thomas Plemons 51 M Farmer 1000 [acres] [born in] NC
Margaret Plemons 50 F NC
Cecelea Plemons 20 F NC
Olivid Plemons 18 F NC
Mary Plemons 16 F NC
Frances Plemons 14 F NC
Thomas Plemons 12 M GA
Margaret Plemons 10 F GA
Martha A. Plemons 8 F GA
Sarah K. Plemons 8 F GA

• Census: 1850, Gilmer Co., Georgia, United States. ¹⁴⁵ Index:
Plemons Thomas age 51, page 754, sheet 377A, filename p376b.txt, Subdivision 33

Thomas married Margaret < > ¹⁴⁶ in 1820 in Buncombe Co., North Carolina, United States. Margaret was born about 1800 in North Carolina, United States.

iii. Samuel N. Plemons ¹⁴⁸ was born in 1831 and died about 1865 about age 34.

iv. Maranda Olived Plemons ¹⁴⁹ was born on 13 Feb 1832 in Buncombe Co., North Carolina, United States, died on 28 Aug 1887 in Springtown, Benton, Arkansas, United States at age 55, and was buried in Springtown, Benton, Arkansas, United States.

vi. Frances Plemons ¹⁴⁷ was born in 1836 in North Carolina, United States.

vii. Thomas Plemons, [Jr.] ¹⁴⁷ was born in 1838 in Gilmer Co., Georgia, United States.

viii. Margaret H. Plemons ¹⁴⁷ was born in 1840 in Gilmer Co., Georgia, United States.

31 ix. Martha Ann Plemmons ⁹⁶ ⁹⁷ (born on 28 Oct 1842 in Gilmer, Georgia, United States - died on 23 Oct 1882 in Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States)

x. Sarah K. Plemons ¹⁴⁷ was born on 28 Oct 1842 in Georgia, United States.

63. Margaret < > ¹⁴⁶ was born about 1800 in North Carolina, United States.

Margaret married Thomas Plemons ¹⁶ ¹⁴³ ¹⁴⁴ in 1820 in Buncombe Co., North Carolina, United States. Thomas was born about 1799 in Burke Co., North Carolina, United States and died in 1870 in Gilmer Co., Georgia, United States about age 71.

Seventh Generation

64. Chief Black Fish was born in 1725 and died on 12 Oct 1779 in Chillicothe, Shawnee Territory (Ohio), (United States) at age 54.

Research Notes: Shawnee, war chief of the Chillicothe division of the Shawnee tribe.

From Wikipedia - Chief Blackfish :

Blackfish (c. 1729 -1779 ), known in his native tongue as Cot-ta-wa-ma-go or Mkah-day-way-may-qua, was a Native American leader, war chief of the Chillicothe division of the Shawnee tribe. Little is known about him, since he only appears in written historical records during the last three years of his life, primarily because of his interactions with the famous American frontiersmen Daniel Boone and Simon Kenton .

When the Shawnees were defeated by Virginia in Dunmore's War in 1774, the resulting peace treaty made the Ohio River the boundary between western Virginia (what is now Kentucky and West Virginia ) and American Indian lands in the Ohio Country . Although this treaty was agreed to by Shawnee leaders such as Cornstalk , Blackfish and a number of other leaders refused to acknowledge the loss of their traditional hunting grounds in Kentucky.

Violence along the border escalated with the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War in 1775. As a result, the Chillicothe Shawnees moved their town on the Scioto River further west to the Little Miami River , near what is now Xenia, Ohio . Encouraged and supplied by British officials in Detroit , Blackfish and others launched raids against American settlers in Kentucky, hoping to drive them out of the region. In revenge for the murder of Cornstalk by American militiamen in November 1777, Blackfish set out on an unexpected winter raid in Kentucky, capturing American frontiersman Daniel Boone and a number of others on the Licking River on February 7 , 1778 . Boone, respected by the Shawnees for his extraordinary hunting skills, was taken back to Chillicothe and adopted into the tribe. The traditional tale is that Boone was adopted by Blackfish himself, although historian John Sugden suggests that Boone was probably adopted by another family.

Boone escaped in June 1778 when he learned that Blackfish was launching a siege of the Kentucky settlement of Boonesborough , which commenced in September of that year. The siege of Boonesborough was unsuccessful, and the Kentuckians, led by Colonel John Bowman , counterattacked Chillicothe the following spring. This raid was also unsuccessful, but Blackfish was shot in the leg, a wound which became infected and was eventually fatal.

Black married Watmeme by 1745. Watmeme was born in 1730 and died in 1797 in Missouri, (United States) at age 67.

65. Watmeme was born in 1730 and died in 1797 in Missouri, (United States) at age 67.

Watmeme married Chief Black Fish by 1745. Black was born in 1725 and died on 12 Oct 1779 in Chillicothe, Shawnee Territory (Ohio), (United States) at age 54.

Death Notes: http://familytrees.genopro.com/beltster/Marshall/default.htm?page=BigTurtleClanOfWyandotts-LeanderAkaLeadingTurtle-ind156834.htm

Research Notes: Adopted by Black Fish (Shawnee)

From Mary Cross (12 Apr 2000) on message board (http://boards.ancestry.com/surnames.rogers/1099.1112/mb.ashx) cites Richard Pagburn's Indian Blood: Finding Your Native American Ancestor, Vol 1 (Louisvills:Burler Books, 1993) when she writes:
"When Gen. George Rogers Clark attacked the Shawnee town of Piqua (Pickaway) in Aug of 1870, there were members of his family living among them. A nephew Joseph Rogers ran out of the village,, was shot by mistake. 'Silverheels' was among those Shawnees who fled Piqua. He reported to the British that Rogers was missing. Also Henry Rogers (a Shawnee), who had been adopted by Blackfish, but was living in another village. Henry Rogers' halfbreed children included Lewis Rogers, William Rogers, Polly Rogers, Graham Rogers."

33 i. Polly Rogers ¹⁰⁹ (born <1782> in <Missouri>, United States - died 1848 or 1849 in Pottawatomie Mission, Kansas, (United States))

96. Robert Kirk,¹⁶ ¹⁵³ son of James Kirk and Unknown, was born about 1756 in <Ballymoney>, County Antrim, North Ireland and died before 22 Mar 1843 in <Camden District>, Lancaster Co., South Carolina, United States.

Research Notes: I have found only marginal evidence for James Kirk as Robert Kirk's father, and even less evidence for Mary Agnes Edmiston as his mother. If Robert's father was James Kirk, the question is which one? There were two men named James Kirk, both from Ireland, who settled in Virginia around the same time. These two men gave one or more of their sons the same names. One James Kirk immigrated to Virginia in 1773. The other may have immigrated as early as 1749 (a land transaction, followed by mention of his name is other legal contexts). Since Robert (and his brothers) was born in Northern Ireland about 1756, it appears most likely that his father (if named James Kirk) was the one who immigrated to Virginia in 1773.

He could have been a different James Kirk altogether.
---------
From Loudene Tollar 4 Sep 2009 - http://genforum.com/kirk/messages/3938.html

The South Carolina Archives have land plat and other records for a Robert Kirk and a Robert James Kirk from the last 1700s to the 1830s in Camden District, Lancaster County. Robert James Kirk record mentioned wife Eleanor in settling his estate.
-----------
From http://wespatterson.com/forum/Black/2004003/Black_2004003.pdf :

Lancaster County, SC Court Records involving BLACKs
Source: Lancaster County, South Carolina Deed Abstracts 1787-1811 by
Brent H. Holcomb, C.A.L.S., 1981

154/F/pp. 221-222: FRANKEY BLACK of Lancaster County for $40 to ALEXANDER BLACK, 30 acres, part of the plantation on which Frankey Black now lives...23 Feb. 1805 FRANKEY BLACK ( ) (Seal), Wit. Robert Kirk, Agnes Kirk.

177/G/pp. 89-90: ALEXANDER BLACK of Lancaster Dist. for $200 to James Purdy of Lancaster Ville, merchant, tract on Hannah's Creek of Gill's Creek, adj. to Adam Carnahan, Richard Cousart, Edmund Hull, ANANIAS BLACK, John Barkley, Robert Kirk, 150 acres granted to ANANIAS BLACK, and conveyed to FRANKEY BLACK, his wife, by will and from her to ALEXANDER BLACK, also a tract adj. to it, 30 acres, 4 Oct. 1807. ALEXANDER BLACK (LS) Wit. William Ross, John Richardson. Proved by William Ross, 11 Feb. 1807 before Jno. Simpson, J.Q. ISABELLA BLACK, wife of ALEXANDER BLACK, relinquished dower, 11 Oct 1807, before W. Ross, Q.U.

177/G/pp. 93-94: FANNY BLACK of Lancaster Dist., for $50 to Annecus [Ananias?] Neely of same, land on the N side Hannahs Creek, whereon I now live, 60 acres, part of 100 acres granted to ANANIAS BLACK 29 Sept 1772 adj. Robert Kirk, Edmund Hull, James Craig, Jas, Purdy...25 Jan. 1808. FANNY BLACK (X) (Seal) Wit. James McAteer, John Neely (4). Proved by John Neely, 25 Feb 1808, before Jno. Simpson, J.Q.

• Immigrated: from (Northern) Ireland, 1772, Charles' Town (Charleston), South Carolina, (United States). ¹⁵⁴ John Kirk and his brothers [Robert and Matthew] came to Charles' Town Charleston) South Carolina, probably with Protestant settlers brought by Rev. Wm. Martin on five ships. They settled near the current town of Lancaster, SC.

It is told that the ship left Larne, Ireland in August, but the passengers on John's ship, possibly the "Lord Dunluce" or the "James and Mary", were not allowed to leave the ship until December because of a smallpox outbreak while in transit.

There is a record of a land grant to John Kirk from the South Carolina Colonial Council in Charles' Town. He was the only one of the brothers old enough to own land.

• Census: 1790, Lancaster Co., South Carolina, United States. ¹⁵⁵ Robert Kirk

• Census: 1800, Lancaster Co., South Carolina, United States. Robert Kirk
1 - Male age 26-45
1 - Female age 26-45
2 - Male age 10-16
2 - Female age 0-10

• Census: 1830, Lancaster Co., South Carolina, United States. ¹⁵⁶ The census index shows three men named Robert Kirk.

Robert married <Agnes> <Montgomery> ¹⁶ about 1783 in (Lancaster Co.), South Carolina, United States. <Agnes> was born about 1765 and died before 1840 in Lancaster Co., South Carolina, United States.

97. <Agnes> <Montgomery> ¹⁶ was born about 1765 and died before 1840 in Lancaster Co., South Carolina, United States.

Research Notes: The 1830 U.S. Census lists 9 men named Montgomery in Lancaster County, South Carolina. (Alexander, James, John, Nincon, Robert D., William, Wylie).

<Agnes> married Robert Kirk ¹⁶ ¹⁵³ about 1783 in (Lancaster Co.), South Carolina, United States. Robert was born about 1756 in <Ballymoney>, County Antrim, North Ireland and died before 22 Mar 1843 in <Camden District>, Lancaster Co., South Carolina, United States.

98. George Harvill ¹⁵⁷ died in 1834 in Hickman Co., Tennessee, United States and was buried in <Harvill Cemetery, Hickman, Tennessee>, United States.

49 i. Elizabeth Harvill ¹⁶ (born in 1813 in Hickman Co., Tennessee, United States - died in 1841 in Spring Garden Twp, Jefferson, Illinois, United States)

Mary married George Harvill.¹⁵⁷ George died in 1834 in Hickman Co., Tennessee, United States and was buried in <Harvill Cemetery, Hickman, Tennessee>, United States.

109. Eva Margarethe Lembke ¹⁶ was born about 1793 in Schwerin, Mecklenburg, Germany.

110. John Lipsey ¹⁶ was born about 1785 in Virginia, United States and died about 1840 in Wayne Co., Kentucky, United States about age 55.

John married Angelletta Combs ¹⁶ on 14 Jun 1804 in Lincoln Co., Kentucky, United States. Angelletta was born about 1785 in Virginia, United States, died in 1850 in Hensley Twp, Johnson, Indiana, United States about age 65, and was buried in Hensley Twp, Johnson, Indiana, United States.

111. Angelletta Combs ¹⁶ was born about 1785 in Virginia, United States, died in 1850 in Hensley Twp, Johnson, Indiana, United States about age 65, and was buried in Hensley Twp, Johnson, Indiana, United States.

Angelletta married John Lipsey ¹⁶ on 14 Jun 1804 in Lincoln Co., Kentucky, United States. John was born about 1785 in Virginia, United States and died about 1840 in Wayne Co., Kentucky, United States about age 55.

Research Notes: Source:
http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=cathyconn&id=I4177
From that source:
State of Tennessee granted land (40 acres) to George on 15 Oct 1841. Bradley Co. second range west of the basis line first township, 36 section, being the south east corner of the south east quarter of said section.
1850 Census - Bradley Co. Tn
1860 Census - Searcy Co. Ar--Tomahawk Twp (Malinda with son-in-law, J.C. McNair) ²

• Granted: 40 acres by State of Tennessee, 15 Oct 1851, Bradley, Tennessee, United States. Second range west of the basis line first township, 36 section, being the south east corner of the south east quarter of said section.

George married Malinda B. Lawson ¹⁶² ¹⁶³ in 1808 in Tennessee, United States. Malinda was born about 1787 in Rhea, Tennessee, (United States) and died <May> 1864 in Searcy Co., Arkansas, United States about age 77.

i. Jacob Larkin Manes ¹⁶⁴ ¹⁶⁵ was born in 1798 in (Bradley), Tennessee, United States and died in Mar 1850 in Snowball, Searcy, Arkansas, United States at age 52.

ii. Pleasant Reynolds Manes ¹⁶⁶ ¹⁶⁷ was born in 1811 in (Bradley), Tennessee, United States and died in Jun 1869 in Fair Grove, Greene, Missouri, United States at age 58.

iii. Larkin Harry Manes ¹⁶⁸ was born about 1812 in <(Bradley)>, Tennessee, United States and died after 1860.

iv. Allison W. Manes ¹⁶⁹ ¹⁷⁰ was born in 1814 in <(Bradley)>, Tennessee, United States, died <21 Dec 1864> at age 50, and was buried in <Mount Olivet Cemetery, Nashville, Davidson, Tennessee>, United States.^¹⁷¹

vi. William L. Manes ¹⁷² ¹⁷³ was born in 1822 in Rhea, Tennessee, United States and died in 1885 in Fulton, Arkansas, United States at age 63.

vii. George S. Manes ¹⁷⁴ was born about 1831 in Tennessee, United States.

viii. Harriet Manes ¹⁷⁵ ¹⁷⁶ was born on 24 Aug 1832 in Rhea, Tennessee, United States and died on 5 Jun 1907 in St. Joe, Searcy, Arkansas, United States at age 74.

ix. John Wesley Manes ¹⁷⁷ was born on 15 Oct 1835 in (Bradley), Tennessee, United States and died on 2 Nov 1913 in Nevada, Vernon, Missouri, United States at age 78.

117. Malinda B. Lawson,¹⁶² ¹⁶³ daughter of Thomas Lawson and Unknown, was born about 1787 in Rhea, Tennessee, (United States) and died <May> 1864 in Searcy Co., Arkansas, United States about age 77.

Research Notes: Appears to be the same woman who was the 4th wife of Jacob Wilson Manes (ancestry.com).

Source:
http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=cathyconn&id=I4178
"I've seen her name as DAWSON and LAWSON"

Malinda married George R. Manes ¹⁵⁹ ¹⁶⁰ ¹⁶¹ in 1808 in Tennessee, United States. George was born about 1785 in Moore Co., North Carolina, (United States) and died after 1860 in Searcy Co., Arkansas, United States.

Research Notes: From RootsWeb http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:af4124&id=I133 :
"John and Cecilia moved from N.C. to Gilmer Co. GA about 1837. In April 1795 John Plemons and his wife were made administrators of the estate of William Hailey,"deceased." In Oct. of 1795 Thomas Plemons was appointed guardian of Robert Hailey, minor son of William Hailey.Thomas is probably the brother of John and Robert is probably the brother of Cealy. This was in Burk County, N.C."
-------------
The "5-Branches" newsletter from December 15, 2004, contains an article called "Migration of the Plemons/Plemmons Family" by Janet Webb. The article, though a bit difficult to follow, may indicate that Thomas Plemin, who lived in Rowan Co., North Carolina in the late 1750's, may have been the father of 3 sons named Thomas, Peter and John Plemons. Thomas, Peter and John lived in the Morganton District of Burke County, NC in 1790, at the same time as men named Hailey. Apparently, John was the father of this John Plemons, who married Cecelia Hailey.

Rootsweb http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:1873052&id=I104801948 appears to bear this out.

John married Cecelia Hailey ¹⁸⁷ before 1793. Cecelia was born about 1772 in Virginia, (United States) and died on 28 Sep 1851 in Gilmer Co., Georgia, United States about age 79.

i. James Plemons ¹⁶ was born in 1792 in Burke Co., North Carolina, United States and died in 1849 at age 57.

ii. John Plemons, Jr. ¹⁸⁸ ¹⁸⁹ was born in 1793 in <Burke Co., North Carolina>, United States and died before 1850 in Gilmer Co., Georgia, United States.

iii. Ann Plemons ¹⁹⁰ was born about 1793 in Burke Co., North Carolina, United States and died in 1861 about age 68.

iv. Mary Plemons ¹⁹¹ was born about 1795 in Burke Co., North Carolina, (United States) and died in 1862 about age 67.

v. Nancy Plemons ¹⁹² was born about 1797 in Burke Co., North Carolina, United States and died in 1860 about age 63.

62 vi. Thomas Plemons ¹⁶ ¹⁴³ ¹⁴⁴ (born about 1799 in Burke Co., North Carolina, United States - died in 1870 in Gilmer Co., Georgia, United States)

vii. Henry C. Plemons ¹⁹³ was born about 1802 in Burke Co., North Carolina, (United States) and died in 1892 about age 90.

viii. Samuel Jackson Plemons ¹⁹⁴ ¹⁹⁵ ¹⁹⁶ was born about 1810 in <Burke Co., North Carolina>, United States and died after 1880 in <Gilmer Co.>, Georgia, United States.

ix. William H. Plemons ¹⁹⁷ ¹⁹⁸ ¹⁹⁹ was born on 25 Jun 1816 in <Burke Co., North Carolina>, United States, died on 17 Nov 1874 in Mountaintown, Gilmer, Georgia, United States at age 58, and was buried in Zion Hill Baptist Church Cemetery, Mountaintown, Gilmer, Georgia, United States.

125. Cecelia Hailey,¹⁸⁷ daughter of <William> Hailey and Unknown, was born about 1772 in Virginia, (United States) and died on 28 Sep 1851 in Gilmer Co., Georgia, United States about age 79.

Cecelia married John Plemons ¹⁸³ ¹⁸⁴ ²⁰⁰ before 1793. John was born in 1772 in Virginia, (United States) and died in 1865 in Gilmer Co., Georgia, United States at age 93.

Eighth Generation

134. Chief Black Fish was born in 1725 and died on 12 Oct 1779 in Chillicothe, Shawnee Territory (Ohio), (United States) at age 54.
(Duplicate. See Below)

135. Watmeme was born in 1730 and died in 1797 in Missouri, (United States) at age 67.
(Duplicate. See Below)

192. James Kirk ¹⁵⁴ was born about 1730 in <County Antrim>, (Northern) Ireland and died in (Northern) Ireland.

Research Notes: James Kirk (possibly the father of "our" Robert, and possibly also of John, Alexander and Matthew) may have never come to America, dying in Northern Ireland. His son James, Jr. may have remained in Ireland as well.

From http://www.telegraph-office.com/McEwen_family_history/John_Kirk_1751-1822-mirror_of_history.pdf :

John Kirk was born in County Antrim, Ireland in 1751. He was of Scottish descent.iv

Kirk is the Scottish word for church.v We inherited the word 'kirkja' from the Vikings, who plundered Scotland for centuries, finally leaving the northern most islands of Scotland in the 15th
century. Generally, anyone named Kirk in Scotland or northern England took the name because they lived by a church.

Antrim is in the present Northern Ireland. In John Kirk's time, Northern Ireland's population was principally Scottish settlers who had left Scotland looking for the freedom to practice their
Presbyterian religion and a better economic climate.

John was the son of James Kirk born about 1730 in Ireland. His mother's name is unknown.

John Kirk came to America in 1772. Younger brothers Matthew and Robert came with him.

Matthew was just 12 at the time. Their father James and a brother, also named James, remained in Ireland.vi The most careful genealogists have not been able to find a record of John's mother.

It seems strange that James Kirk would send or permit his three young boys to journey to America by themselves. Perhaps they knew someone here. Or perhaps conditions were so bad in Northern Ireland that the father wanted his sons to have a better life in spite of the hardships they would encounter.

The same conditions that forced the Scottish settlers to flee Scotland emerged in Northern Ireland, causing mass migrations of the Scots-Irish to colonial America.

John Kirk and his brothers came to Charles' Town (Charleston) South Carolina, probably with Protestant settlers brought by Rev. Wm. Martin on five ships. They settled near the current town
of Lancaster, SC.

It is told that the ship left Larne, Ireland in August, but the passengers on John's ship, possibly the "Lord Dunluce" or the "James and Mary", were not allowed to leave the ship until December because of a smallpox outbreak while in transit.

There is a record of a land grant to John Kirk from the South Carolina Colonial Council in Charles' Town. He was the only one of the brothers old enough to own land.

John married Eleanor Montgomery, daughter of Hugh Montgomery and Jane Cunningham. Their children were born in South Carolina.

John Kirk served in the American Revolution under General Thomas Sumter and was wounded.

i. James Kirk, Jr. ¹⁵⁴ ²⁰¹ was born about 1750 in <Ballymoney>, County Antrim, Northern Ireland and died in (Northern) Ireland.

ii. John Kirk ¹⁵⁴ ²⁰² was born in 1751 in <Ballymoney>, County Antrim, (Northern) Ireland and died in 1822 in <Rutherford Co.>, Tennessee, United States at age 71.

96 iii. Robert Kirk ¹⁶ ¹⁵³ (born about 1756 in <Ballymoney>, County Antrim, North Ireland - died before 22 Mar 1843 in <Camden District>, Lancaster Co., South Carolina, United States)

iv. Matthew Kirk ²⁰³ ²⁰⁴ ²⁰⁵ ²⁰⁶ was born about 1760 in <Ballymoney>, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, died on 2 Jun 1839 in Lancaster Co., South Carolina, United States about age 79, and was buried in Shiloh Cemetery, Lancaster, South Carolina, United States.

Research Notes: Said to be a stepchild, probably of the mother, making him the son of a first of two wives (or common-law wives). Have not yet found solid information on Billy Manes' wife or wives.
-----------
There is a town called Manes in Wright County, Missouri, named after Seth.
From Wikipedia - Manes, Missouri :

Manes (pronounced M is an unincorporated community in Wright County , Missouri , United States , about 12 miles northeast of Hartville . Located on Route 95 , several houses are located here, and at one time the town had a post office (ZIP code 65703), though mail is now served by Mountain Grove .

Manes takes its name from a Baptist minister of Richland, Missouri by the name of Seth Manes. A missionary church was established in Manes in 1893 and in 1894 the first church was built in Manes. This building was used until 1925 when the current Baptist church building was erected.

Manes was a considerable trade center in the early part of the 20th century, boasting at least 3 stores, a bank, a post office, hotel, and eating establishments until automobiles and better highways made travel to larger towns more accessible.

-----

From
http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=cathyconn&id=I4179 :

Was in Revolutionary War--1 Sep 1780-in Cp. Williams Co.,
Colonel Caswell's NC Regt. Was in skirmish at Baties Bridge and
Battle of Lindley's Hill. Married Patsy Fields--probably in NC.
Seth, Patsy, & family moved to Moore Co, NC 1762-1780. Moved to
Hawkins Co. TN & settled in mountains there around 1782-83.
"History of Laclede,Camden, Dallas, Webster, Wright, Texas,
Pulaski, Phelps and Dent Counties, MO" says he was Welch; Rev.
War; d Hawkins Co. TN.

Note: Census Hawkins Co.TN.

Seth married Susan Patsy Fields ²¹² ²¹³ ²¹⁴ about 1780 in Knoxville, Hawkins (Knox), Tennessee, United States. Susan was born about 1763 in North Carolina, (United States), died about 1853 in Hawkins Co., Tennessee, United States about age 90, and was buried in Rogersville, Hawkins, Tennessee, United States.

i. Jacob Wilson Manes ²¹⁵ ²¹⁶ ²¹⁷ was born in 1780 in Moore Co., North Carolina, (United States) and died on 5 Jan 1853 in Mountain Grove, Texas, Missouri, United States at age 73.

ii. Joseph Jacob Manes ²¹⁸ was born in 1781 in Moore Co., North Carolina, (United States) and died about 1840 about age 59.

iii. William Manes ²¹⁹ ²²⁰ ²²¹ was born in Feb 1782 in Moore Co., North Carolina, (United States) and died on 12 Jun 1842 in Hawkins Co., Tennessee, United States at age 60.

116 iv. George R. Manes ¹⁵⁹ ¹⁶⁰ ¹⁶¹ (born about 1785 in Moore Co., North Carolina, (United States) - died after 1860 in Searcy Co., Arkansas, United States)

v. Jesse Manes ²²² ²²³ ²²⁴ was born in 1790 in Hawkins, Tennessee, (United States) and died on 25 May 1846 in Hawkins Co., Tennessee, United States at age 56.

vi. Elizabeth Manes ²²⁵ ²²⁶ was born in 1794 in Hawkins, Tennessee, (United States) and died on 13 Nov 1859 in Carter, Kentucky, United States at age 65.

vii. John B. Manes ²²⁷ ²²⁸ was born in 1795 in Hawkins, Tennessee, (United States) and died in Jun 1856 in Chestnut Ridge, Hawkins, Tennessee, United States at age 61.

viii. James Manes ²²⁹ ²³⁰ was born about 1796 in Hawkins Co., Tennessee, United States and died about 1809 in Tennessee, United States about age 13.

ix. Tempe Manes ²³¹ ²³² was born in 1800 in Hawkins Co., Tennessee, United States and died in Searcy Co., Arkansas, United States.

233. Susan Patsy Fields ²¹² ²¹³ ²¹⁴ was born about 1763 in North Carolina, (United States), died about 1853 in Hawkins Co., Tennessee, United States about age 90, and was buried in Rogersville, Hawkins, Tennessee, United States.

Research Notes: From http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=cathyconn&id=I4180 :
Info from Barbara Couser, Buried on old home place, north of
Rogersville, Hawkins Co. Tn.--near Cinch Mountain. ¹

Susan married Rev. Seth I. Manes ²⁰⁷ ²⁰⁸ ²⁰⁹ ²¹⁰ ²¹¹ about 1780 in Knoxville, Hawkins (Knox), Tennessee, United States. Seth was born on 6 Feb 1762 in Bedford Co., Virginia, (United States) and died in 1852 in <Rogersville>, Hawkins, Tennessee, United States at age 90.

117 i. Malinda B. Lawson ¹⁶² ¹⁶³ (born about 1787 in Rhea, Tennessee, (United States) - died <May> 1864 in Searcy Co., Arkansas, United States)

• Residence: 1790, Burke Co., North Carolina, United States. in the Morganton District, near the South Fork of the Catawba River.

John married Elizabeth Jane Prichard ²³⁴ about 1771 in Rowan Co., North Carolina, (United States). Elizabeth was born in 1759 in Virginia, (United States) and died in 1862 in Buncombe Co., North Carolina, United States at age 103.

ii. Lara Elizabeth Plemons ²⁰⁰ ²³⁵ was born on 5 Sep 1778 in Lincoln Co., North Carolina, United States and died on 5 Jan 1829 in Columbus, (Colorado), Texas, United States at age 50.

iii. Rachel Plemons ²³⁶ was born about 1783 in Burke Co., North Carolina, United States and died about 1860 about age 77.

iv. Peter Plemons ²⁰⁰ ²³⁷ was born in 1788 in Burke Co., North Carolina, United States and died in Sep 1877 in Madison Co., North Carolina, United States at age 89.

v. Thomas Plemons ²⁰⁰ ²³⁸ was born in 1789 in Burke Co., North Carolina, United States and died in 1848 in <Monroe Co., Tennessee>, United States at age 59.

vi. Jeremiah M. Plemons ²⁰⁰ ²³⁹ was born about 1790 in Morganton, Burke, North Carolina, United States and died in 1849 in Morgan Co., Alabama, United States about age 59.

vii. Susan P. Plemons ²⁴⁰ was born about 1804 in Leicester, Buncombe, North Carolina, United States and died in 1865 about age 61.

249. Elizabeth Jane Prichard ²³⁴ was born in 1759 in Virginia, (United States) and died in 1862 in Buncombe Co., North Carolina, United States at age 103.

Elizabeth married John Plemons ¹⁸³ ²⁰⁰ about 1771 in Rowan Co., North Carolina, (United States). John was born in 1750 and died in 1815 in <Virginia>, United States at age 65.

250. <William> Hailey died <1795> in <Burke, North Carolina>, United States.

Research Notes: According to http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:af4124&id=I133, "In April 1795 John Plemons and his wife were made administrators of the estate of William Hailey,'deceased.' In Oct. of 1795 Thomas Plemons was appointed gaurdian of Robert Hailey, minor son of William Hailey.Thomas is probably the brother of John and Robert is probably the brother of Cealy. This was in Burk County, N.C."

William was probably Cecilia's father.

125 i. Cecelia Hailey ¹⁸⁷ (born about 1772 in Virginia, (United States) - died on 28 Sep 1851 in Gilmer Co., Georgia, United States)

Ninth Generation

464. William Jacob Maness II,²⁴¹ ²⁴² ²⁴³ ²⁴⁴ son of William Jacob Maness and < >, was born in 1738 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland, died in 1832 in Moore Co., North Carolina, United States at age 94, and was buried in Maness Family Cemetery, Robbins, Moore, North Carolina, United States.^²⁴⁵

Birth Notes: May have been born in Kildonan, Isle of Arran, Scotland or in Kildonan, Highland, Scotland.
Other sources have Pennsylvania or Bedfored County, Virginia. Hwever, either of these is unlinkely since he is recorded as emigrating on the shop "Hope's End" between 1747 and 1749.

A William Nathan Maness was born in Pennsylvania about 1738 (info from Sons of the American Revolution application).

Burial Notes: The Maness Family Cemetery is near Pleasant Hill Church, Moore County, North Carolina, north of Robbins off the Robbins-High Falls Road.

Research Notes: Served in the Revolutionary War on the side of the Americans.

From Ancestry of Paul Bailey Maness (author Dennis Manness) - http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=pbmaness&id=I6515 :

He "migrated to NC about 1765 by wagon train, which stopped at the site of Smyrna Methodist Church north of Robbinson Grassy Creek. He settled near Bear Creek, in what was then Cumberland County, and owned 200 acres of land near Carter's Mill- April 27th, 1767. By May 4th, 1769 owned another 100 acres in what is now Robbins. He later bought more land, owning a total of about 600 acres. His occupation was = Farmer. He enlisted on July 28, 1775 as a private, First Battallion of the North Carolina Line( Col. Thomas Clark's Battallion), part of the Continental Army. This was a dangerous move , as most of the populationof Moore County were Scots, who were loyal to the British King.He was one of only about a half dozen local men who volunteered to fight for the American cause. He appears to have fought in northern campaigns and in the guerilla fighting that continued until 1783. Military records show his last pay period to include Feb. 1, 1785, which would indicate that he was one of the few men who stayed on "in readiness" as a peacekeeper. The 1790 Census shows him to have six sons and seven or eight daughters. Some of these children may have been adopted or the children of other family members. After the war, William served as Township Constable. He died in 1832 at the age of 94, and is buried north of Robbins off the Robbins-High Falls Rd. in the Maness Family Cemetary near Pleasant Hill Church (Moore County, NC)" Source: James Peterson.

"... I will tell you that the senior William MANESS first appeared in the Moore County area comes from ABSTRACTS OF MINUTES OF THE COURT OF PLEAS AND QUARTER SESSIONS OF CUMBERLAND CO., NC, Oct. 1755-Jan. 1779. On page 175, "May 21, 1765, Wm. MANUS (sic) is appointed constable in Capt. Cheney's District." This William is believed to have been William Jr. Also on the only surviving Tax List for Cumberland County for the period 1754-1776 is for the year 1767. On this list appeared William MINUS (Maness) and William MINUS Jr. We also find another mention of a William MANESS, Sr. was in a Land Grant from the Governor of NC in the year 1772. 100 acres of land was granted to Simeon Hart on Bear Creek in Moore County, adjoining the 100 acres grant to William MANESS..etc. A later 1783 tax list for Cumberland County, also contains a William MINUS Sr. William MINUS Jr. Wm Maness did not leave a will, but his administration of his estate was granted to Wm. MANIS (sic). Assumed to be Wm. Jr. a Geo. Glascock was his security, in the amt. of 50 pounds. These two Maness' came from Pensylvania to NC in the mid 1760's." Source: Juanita Kesler

"*Oath prescribed by Act of Assembly passed at Newbern, May 10th 1777, entitled an Act for the Security of the State. *The Highlander's Oath: I, do swear and as I shall answer to God at the great day of Judgment, I have not, nor shall have in my possession any gun, pistol or arm whatsoever, and never use tartan plaid of any other part of the Highland garb; and if I do so may I be cursed in my undertakings, family and property; may I never see my wife and children, father, mother, or relation; may I be killed in battle as a coward and lie without Christian burial, in a strange land, far from the graves of my forefathers and kindred. May all this come across me if I break my oath. 1778 - The following were listed as signing the Oath of Allegiance to the State: George Eason, Robert Gilles, Gilbert Eccles, George Meek, Adam Stewart and Charles Leitch. 1778 - The following took the Oath in July Court: James Burnside, Archibald Simson, Sion Horn, Duncan Buie, Alex. Spiers, John White, Phillip Raiford and Arch. Henry. 1779 - The following took the Oath in January Court: James Emmet, Cornelious Lofton, George McKay and Daniel Monroe. 1779? - The following took the Oath in July Court: Silvanus Wilson, Philemon Hodges, William Thomson, Thomas Kees, William Lee, Bartholomew Dunn, William Dunn, William Manus, John McIntire, Samuel Campbell, Duncan McNeill, James Cooper, Jacob Matthews and Arch. Curry. At April Court [year?] Angus McDugal took the Oath." Source: Bill Mele

"During the Revolution he served with Col. Thomas Clark's 1st NC Battalion, having enlisted 7/28/1773. Records show that he served through most, or all, of the Revolution. Army accounts indicate that he was paid 9/1/1784 and 1785." Source: Charles "Ken" Maness
------------
From findagrave.com -

Maness Cemetery
Also buried:
Garner Maness 1806-1863
Katie Maness 1814-1890
Issac Maness 1810-1841
Betsy Maness 1812-1875
Emma Maness 1846-1895
Henry Maness 1828-1830
Noah Maness 1860-1861

• Emigrated: from Scotland to Pennsylvania, Betw 1747 and 1749. on the ship "Hope's End" with his father, William Maness I.

• Occupation: Farmer. From Descendants of John Maness:
"William Maness was a farmer, as were most of the early settlers. The term 'farmer' did not mean exactly the same then as it does now. He cleared some of the virgin forest, hunted, fished, and almost entirely lived off the land."

• Residence: 1759, Hemp, Cumberland (Robbins, Moore), North Carolina, (United States).

• Moved: to Bear Creek in Cumberland County, North Carolina, Abt 1765. by wagon train

• Land: 200 acres near Carter's Mill, Cumberland County, North Carolina, 27 Apr 1767.

• Land: 100 acres in what is now the town of Robbins, North Carolina, 4 May 1769, Cumberland, (Moore), North Carolina, (United States).

• Land grant: to Simeon Hart of 100 acres adjoining land of William Maness, 1772, Bear Creek, Cumberland [Moore], North Carolina, (United States). by the Governor of North Carolina

• Enlisted: as a private in the Continental Army, 28 Jul 1775, Cumberland, (Moore), North Carolina, (United States). First Battallion of the North Carolina Line under Col. Thomas Clark. One of only a half dozen local men who volunteered to fight for the American cause.
May have been 28 Jul 1773.

• Served: n the Continental Army during and after the Revolutionary War, 28 Jul 1775-1 Feb 1785. Was in the First Battallion of the North Carolina Line under Col. Thomas Clark. Was "in readiness" status as a peacekeeper after the war.

232 i. Rev. Seth I. Manes ²⁰⁷ ²⁰⁸ ²⁰⁹ ²¹⁰ ²¹¹ (Relationship to Father: Biological, Relationship to Mother: Step ) (born on 6 Feb 1762 in Bedford Co., Virginia, (United States) - died in 1852 in <Rogersville>, Hawkins, Tennessee, United States)

ii. Susannah Maness ²⁴⁷ was born in 1766 in Moore Co., North Carolina, (United States) and died in Moore Co., North Carolina, United States.

iii. Shadrach Maness ²⁴⁸ was born in 1770 in Robbins, Moore, North Carolina, (United States), died on 27 Oct 1858 in Moore Co., North Carolina, United States at age 88, and was buried in Maness Family Cemetery, Robbins, Moore, North Carolina, United States.^²⁴⁹

iv. Meschach Maness ²⁵⁰ was born in 1770 in Robbins, Moore, North Carolina, (United States) and died after 1840 in Alabama, United States.

v. Abednego Maness was born in 1770 in Robbins, Moore, North Carolina, (United States) and died in McNairy, Tennessee, United States.

vi. Celia Manes ²⁵¹ was born in 1773 in Moore Co., North Carolina, (United States) and died in 1850 in Moore Co., North Carolina, United States at age 77.

vii. Sarah Manes ²⁵² was born on 10 Apr 1780 in Moore Co., North Carolina, United States and died on 14 Sep 1849 in Moore Co., North Carolina, United States at age 69.

viii. William Nathan Maness ²⁵³ ²⁵⁴ was born on 20 Aug 1782 in Moore Co., North Carolina, United States and died by 1860 in McNairy, Tennessee, United States at age 78.

ix. James Manes ²⁵⁵ was born about 1784 in Moore Co., North Carolina, United States and died before 1840 in Sevier, Tennessee, United States.

x. Judith Manes ²⁵⁶ ²⁵⁷ was born in 1797 in Moore Co., North Carolina, United States and died in 1880 in Moore Co., North Carolina, United States at age 83.

xi. Daniel Maness ²⁵⁸ ²⁵⁹ was born about 1763 in Moore Co., North Carolina, (United States) and died in 1850 in Moore Co., North Carolina, United States about age 87.

Research Notes: May have been second wife of "Billy" Manes. Neither Lydia nor Keziah is mentioned in most sources ("unknown").

Keziah married William Jacob Maness II.²⁴¹ ²⁴² ²⁴³ ²⁴⁴ William was born in 1738 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland, died in 1832 in Moore Co., North Carolina, United States at age 94, and was buried in Maness Family Cemetery, Robbins, Moore, North Carolina, United States.^²⁴⁵

496. Thomas Plemin ²⁶¹ ²⁶² was born about 1728 and died about 1785 in <Rowan Co.>, North Carolina, United States about age 57.

ii. Peter Plemons ²⁶³ was born in 1755 in Augusta Co., Virginia, (United States), died in Jan 1838 in Leicester, Buncombe, North Carolina, United States at age 83, and was buried in Newfound Baptist Church Cemetery, Leicester, Buncombe, North Carolina, United States.

iii. Thomas Plemons ²⁶⁴ ²⁶⁵ was born in 1760 in Rowan Co., North Carolina, (United States), died about 1850 in Macon Co., North Carolina, United States about age 90, and was buried in <Macon Co.>, North Carolina, United States.

iv. Mary Plemons ²⁶⁶ was born in 1765 in Rowan Co., North Carolina, (United States) and died in 1819 in Buncombe, Buncombe, North Carolina, United States at age 54.

Polly married Thomas Plemin.²⁶¹ ²⁶² Thomas was born about 1728 and died about 1785 in <Rowan Co.>, North Carolina, United States about age 57.

Tenth Generation

Birth Notes: May have been born in Kildonan, Isle of Arran, Scotland or in Kildonan, Highland, Scotland.

Research Notes: From - http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=pbmaness&id=I6516 (quoted by Dennis Mannes):
"William Maness, Sr. and Jr. arrived in Colonial America (Pennsyvania) shortly after the Battle of Culloden, 1745 (ca. 1747) sailing aboard the ship "Hope's End," out of Kildonan, Isle of Arran, Scotland, though the ship's name is still in dispute. From there, they migrated to present-day Moore County, North Carolina." Source: Greg Maness

"Some of our "cousins" have argued that William Maness I could not be the son of John Maness because John is recorded as serving as J.o.P. in North Carolina in 1711 and William was born in Kildonan in 1715. Maybe . . . maybe not. However, I have always put forward the one possibilty that COULD confirm John is the father of William. It is generally held in our records (and I guess we can never confirm beyond the shadow of a doubt, but . . .) that John was born in Kildonan in 1655 . . . William in Kildonan in 1715. My contention is that John (even at an advanced age of approx. 60), being a proud member of Clan Gunn, returned to Scotland for the first Jacobite uprising in 1714/15. While there, William I was born and there are other records that indicate that William I and his father arrived together in America. It may or may not be true, but I haven't heard a better explanation of how someone living here in 1711 could have a son born in Scotland in 1715! Unfortunately, the Kildonan Parish church records burned around the time of the second Jacobite uprising (1745 -- Bonnie Prince Charlie and all that good stuff . . .) and after the Maness boys had left). We'll never know, but doesn't that make for something interesting to ponder???" Source: Greg Maness

• Emigrated: from Scotland to America, Abt 1747. "William Maness, Sr. and Jr. arrived in Colonial America (Pennsyvania) shortly after the Battle of Culloden, 1745 (ca. 1747) sailing aboard the ship "Hope's End," out of Kildonan, Isle of Arran, Scotland, though the ship's name is still in dispute. From there, they migrated to present-day Moore County, North Carolina." Source: Greg Maness

• Moved: by 1755, North Carolina, (United States). probably with his son William

• Tax List: 1767, Cumberland, (Moore), North Carolina, (United States). Names William Minus and William Minus Jr.

• Oath of Allegiance: to the State, Jul 1779, New Bern, Craven, North Carolina, (United States). Listed was "William Manus," most likely the elder William Maness as his son was serving in the Continental Army at the time.

The penalty for refusing to take the oath was:
"...said persons be commanded and directed to depart the State of North Carolina, either to Europe or the West Indies, within 60 days from this date." This wording is in the Act of Assembly passed on 25 jul 1777, "Act for the Security of the State."

William married < >.²⁷² < was born in 1718 in Orange, North Carolina, (United States).

i. Henry Maness ²⁷³ ²⁷⁴ was born in 1737 in Bedford Co., Virginia, (United States) and died in 1830 in Moore Co., North Carolina, United States at age 93.

iii. Ambrose Maness ²⁷⁵ ²⁷⁶ was born in 1740 in Bedford Co., Virginia, (United States).

iv. Arthur Maness ²⁷⁷ ²⁷⁸ was born in 1744 in Bedford Co., Virginia, (United States).

v. Isaac Maness ²⁷⁹ ²⁸⁰ was born in 1746 in Bedford Co., Virginia, (United States) and died <1775> in [near Erect], (Randolph), North Carolina, (United States) at age 29.

vi. John Smith Maness ²⁸¹ ²⁸² was born in 1749 in Bedford Co., Virginia, (United States).

vii. Lydia Maness ²⁸³ ²⁸⁴ was born in 1752 in Bedford Co., Virginia, (United States).

viii. Nathan Maness ²⁸⁵ ²⁸⁶ was born in 1756 in Bedford Co., Virginia, (United States).

929. < > ²⁷² was born in 1718 in Orange, North Carolina, (United States).

11th Generation

1856. John Maness ²⁸⁷ ²⁸⁸ ²⁸⁹ ²⁹⁰ was born about 1655 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland and died on 21 Feb 1729 in Chowan (Bertie), North Carolina, (United States) about age 74.

Birth Notes: May have been born in Kildonan, Isle of Arran, Scotland or in Kildonan, Highland, Scotland. Website "Descendants of John Maness" has b. 1655 in Loch Catrine, near Inverness, Scotland

Research Notes: From http://genforum.genealogy.com/maness/messages/461.html - Beverly Pasternak 1 Jan 2001:
John Maness b 1655 d 21 Feb 1728 or 29 Bertie Co NC wife unk., son William Maness b 1715 Scotland d 1787 wife unknown.
Wm's son William II served in Revolution b 1738 Bedford Co VA d 1832 Moore Co NC wife unknown.
Wm II son Shadrach m. Celia Wallace

• Will: 1729, Chowan (Bertie), (North) Carolina, (United States). Witnessed by Elizabeth Smith

i. Jacob Maness ²⁹¹ ²⁹² was born in 1695 in Chowan (Bertie), (North) Carolina, (United States) and died in <North Carolina>.

ii. Henry Maness ²⁹³ was born in 1700 in Chowan (Bertie), (North) Carolina, (United States) and died in 1756 in Chowan (Bertie), North Carolina, (United States) at age 56.

2. Fish, Karen Johnson. Rec. Date: 9 Apr 2009, George Michael Fish. Cit. Date: 18 Apr 2009.

4. Personal Documents, Family Bible of LeRoy & Carol Fish. Cit. Date: 18 Apr 2009.

5. Fish, Karen Johnson. Rec. Date: 9 Apr 2009, Karen Gail Johnson (Fish). Cit. Date: 9 Apr 2009.

9. Personal Documents, Family Bible of LeRoy Pascal Fish & Carol Jean Kirk Fish. Cit. Date: 18 Apr 2009.

10. Fish, Karen Johnson. Rec. Date: 9 Apr 2009, Fish, George Michael. Cit. Date: 9 Apr 2009.

11. Personal Documents, Family Bible of LeRoy and Carol Fish. Cit. Date: 18 Apr 2009.

13. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:2394013&id=I3275.

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17. www.findagrave.com, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=48255372. Cit. Date: 17 Feb 2010.

18. www.findagrave.com, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=48252498. Cit. Date: 17 Feb 2010.

19. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=cathyconn&id=I2209 has b. 1907.

21. www.findagrave.com, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=Kirk&GSiman=1&GScid=98534&GRid=47109294&.

23. FamilySearch Historical Files (www.familysearch.org), https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-266-12153-53084-50?cc=1438024. Cit. Date: 27 Nov 2011.

26. Personal Documents, Family Records of LeRoy Paschal Fish and Carol Jean Kirk.

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33. www.findagrave.com, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=kirk&GSbyrel=in&GSdyrel=in&GSst=38&GScnty=2185&GScntry=4&GSob=n&GRid=39784638&.

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50. Morgan, Perl W., ed, History of Wyandotte County Kansas and Its People. (Chicago: Lewis, 1911.)

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55. U.S. Office of Indian Affairs, Wyandot Tribal Roll 1867: List of the Wyandotte Tribe of Indians (Wyandot Nation of Kansas. Transcribed c. 1995.) http://www.wyandot.org/1867.htm

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60. Web - Message Boards, Discussion Groups, Email, http://boards.ancestry.com/surnames.martin/2944.1/mb.ashx Mary June Power, McCarty. Cit. Date: 26 Mar 2002.

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62. Fish, George Michael, Family Tree of George M. Fish and Jennifer L. Tatem.

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124. <Loyd, Linda D.>, Descendants of John Maness (http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/l/o/y/Linda-D-Loyd/PDFGENE6.pdf), 21.ix. & 70.

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128. <Loyd, Linda D.>, Descendants of John Maness (http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/l/o/y/Linda-D-Loyd/PDFGENE6.pdf), 70, ii. & 143.

129. <Loyd, Linda D.>, Descendants of John Maness (http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/l/o/y/Linda-D-Loyd/PDFGENE6.pdf), 70, i.

130. <Loyd, Linda D.>, Descendants of John Maness (http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/l/o/y/Linda-D-Loyd/PDFGENE6.pdf), 70, iii.

131. <Loyd, Linda D.>, Descendants of John Maness (http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/l/o/y/Linda-D-Loyd/PDFGENE6.pdf), 70, iv.

132. Personal Documents, Family records of LeRoy Paschal Fish and Carol Jean Kirk.

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134. <Loyd, Linda D.>, Descendants of John Maness (http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/l/o/y/Linda-D-Loyd/PDFGENE6.pdf), 70. vii.

135. <Loyd, Linda D.>, Descendants of John Maness (http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/l/o/y/Linda-D-Loyd/PDFGENE6.pdf), 70. viii.

136. <Loyd, Linda D.>, Descendants of John Maness (http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/l/o/y/Linda-D-Loyd/PDFGENE6.pdf), 70. ix.

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278. <Loyd, Linda D.>, Descendants of John Maness (http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/l/o/y/Linda-D-Loyd/PDFGENE6.pdf), 2. vi.

279. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=foxbonham&id=P3253243841.

280. <Loyd, Linda D.>, Descendants of John Maness (http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/l/o/y/Linda-D-Loyd/PDFGENE6.pdf), 2. i. & 3.

281. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=foxbonham&id=P3253243843.

282. <Loyd, Linda D.>, Descendants of John Maness (http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/l/o/y/Linda-D-Loyd/PDFGENE6.pdf), 2. viii.

283. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=foxbonham&id=P3253243846.

284. <Loyd, Linda D.>, Descendants of John Maness (http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/l/o/y/Linda-D-Loyd/PDFGENE6.pdf), 2. ii.

285. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=foxbonham&id=P3253243848.

286. <Loyd, Linda D.>, Descendants of John Maness (http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/l/o/y/Linda-D-Loyd/PDFGENE6.pdf), 2. iii.

289. <Loyd, Linda D.>, Descendants of John Maness (http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/l/o/y/Linda-D-Loyd/PDFGENE6.pdf), p. 1. Cit. Date: 21 Aug 2009.

290. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=pbmaness&id=I6517.

291. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=foxbonham&id=P3253244515.

292. <Loyd, Linda D.>, Descendants of John Maness (http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/l/o/y/Linda-D-Loyd/PDFGENE6.pdf), 1. iv.

293. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=foxbonham&id=P3253244522.

294. <Loyd, Linda D.>, Descendants of John Maness (http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/l/o/y/Linda-D-Loyd/PDFGENE6.pdf), 1. i.

295. <Loyd, Linda D.>, Descendants of John Maness (http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/l/o/y/Linda-D-Loyd/PDFGENE6.pdf), 1. ii.

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