Husband Robert II "the Pious" King of France
AKA: Robert Sanctus King of France, Robert Capet Sanctus, King of France
Born: 27 Mar 972 - Orleans, France
Christened:
Died: 20 Jul 1031 - Melun, France
Buried:
Father: Hugh Capet King of France (After 0939-0996)
Mother: Adelaide de Poitou (0945-1006)
Marriage: 1003
Wife Constance of Arles
AKA: Constance of Provence, Gisant of Arles
Born: abt 0986
Christened:
Died: Bet 1032 and 1033 - Melun, France
Buried: - Saint-Denis Basilica
Father: William I "the Liberator" of Provence (Abt 0950-After 0993)
Mother: Adelaide "la Blanche" of Anjou (Abt 0947-1026)
Children
1 F Adele Capet Princess of France
Born: 1009
Christened:
Died: Abt 8 Jan 1078 - Messinesmonastre, France
Buried:
Spouse: Baldwin V (1012-1067)
Marr: 1028
2 F Constance Capet
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
3 M Hugh Magnus of France
Born: 1007
Christened:
Died: 17 Sep 1025
Buried:
4 M Henry I of France
Born: 4 May 1008 - Reims, Marne, Champagne, France
Christened:
Died: 4 Aug 1060
Buried:
Spouse: Anne of Kiev (Bet 1024-1075)
Marr: 19 May 1051 - Cathedral de Rheims, Rheims, France
5 M Robert Capet Duke of Burgundy
AKA: Robert I Duke of Burgundy
Born: 1011
Christened:
Died: 21 Mar 1076
Buried:
6 M Odo
Born: 1013
Christened:
Died: Abt 1056
Buried:
Research Notes (Husband)
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), Line 141-21 "ROBERT II, King of France, b. 27 Mar. 872, d. 20 July 1031;" Third wife of Robert II of France. Wikipedia (Ferdinand IV of Castile)
From Wikipedia - Constance of Portugal : Uncertain of birth year.
Uncertain of death year
Wikipedia. Had an affair with Constance of York and fathered illegitimately Eleanor de Holland.
http://wiki.whitneygen.org/wrg/index.php/ . FamilySearch.org Compact Disc #94 Pin #105922 (submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer)
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 176B-27. "He had a number of mistresses, one of whom, Tangwystl, was the mother of [28. Gladys Dhu.]" Source: Wikipedia - Llywelyn the Great
FamilySearch.org Compact Disc #94 Pin #105930 (submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer) Source: Wikipedia - Pepin, Count of Vermandois
Source: Also familysearch.org (Kevin Bradford)
FamilySearch.org Compact Disc #94 Pin #105893 (submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer) has d. AD 17. Gives name & title as Cunobelinus, King of Britain.
Wikipedia has b. 27 Mar. 972
Also Source: familysearch.org (Kevin Bradford) has b. 27 Mar 972
From Wikipedia - Robert II of France:
Robert II (27 March 972 - 20 July 1031 ), called the Pious or the Wise, was King of France from 996 until his death. The second reigning member of the House of Capet , he was born in Orléans to Hugh Capet and Adelaide of Aquitaine .
Co-rule with father
Immediately after his own coronation, Robert's father Hugh began to push for the coronation of Robert. "The essential means by which the early Capetians were seen to have kept the throne in their family was through the association of the eldest surviving son in the royalty during the father's lifetime," Andrew W. Lewis has observed, in tracing the phenomenon in this line of kings who lacked dynastic legitimacy.[1] Hugh's claimed reason was that he was planning an expedition against the Moorish armies harassing Borrel II of Barcelona , an invasion which never occurred, and that the stability of the country necessitated a co-king, should he die while on expedition.[2] Ralph Glaber , however, attributes Hugh's request to his old age and inability to control the nobility.[3] Modern scholarship has largely imputed to Hugh the motive of establishing a dynasty against the claims of electoral power on the part of the aristocracy, but this is not the typical view of contemporaries and even some modern scholars have been less sceptical of Hugh's "plan" to campaign in Spain.[4] Robert was eventually crowned on 30 December 987. A measure of Hugh's success is that when Hugh died in 996, Robert continued to reign without any succession dispute, but during his long reign actual royal power dissipated into the hands of the great territorial magnates.
Robert had begun to take on active royal duties with his father in the early 990s. In 991, he helped his father prevent the French bishops from trekking to Mousson in the Kingdom of Germany for a synod called by Pope John XV , with whom Hugh was then in disagreement.
Marital problems
As early as 989, having been rebuffed in his search for a Byzantine princess,[5]Hugh Capet arranged for Robert to marry the recently-widowed daughter of Berengar II of Italy , Rozala , who took the name of Susannah upon becoming Queen.[6] She was many years his senior. She was the widow of Arnulf II of Flanders , with whom she had children, the oldest of whom was of age to assume the offices of count of Flanders. Robert divorced her within a year of his father's death. He tried instead to marry Bertha , daughter of Conrad of Burgundy , around the time of his father's death. She was a widow of Odo I of Blois , but was also Robert's cousin. For reasons of consanguinity , Pope Gregory V refused to sanction the marriage, and Robert was excommunicated. After long negotiations with Gregory's successor, Sylvester II , the marriage was annulled.
Finally, in 1001, Robert entered into his final and longest-lasting marriage: to Constance of Arles , the daughter of William I of Provence . She was an ambitious and scheming woman, who made life miserable for her husband by encouraging her sons to revolt against their father.
Piety
Robert, however, despite his marital problems, was a very devout Catholic, hence his sobriquet "the Pious." He was musically inclined, being a composer, chorister, and poet, and making his palace a place of religious seclusion, where he conducted the matins and vespers in his royal robes. However, to contemporaries, Robert's "piety", resulted from his lack of toleration for heretics: he harshly punished them.
Children
Robert had no children from his short-lived marriage to Susanna. His illegal marriage to Bertha gave him one stillborn son in 999, but only Constance gave him surviving children:[7]
Robert also left an illegitimate son: Rudolph, Bishop of Bourges
Sources
Research Notes (Wife)
Source: familysearch.org (Kevin Bradford)
From Wikipedia - Constance of Arles :
Constance of Arles (also known as Constance of Provence) (986 - July 25 , 1034 ) was the third wife and queen of King Robert II of France . She was the daughter of William I , count of Provence and great-grandson of Charles-Constantine ; and Adelais of Anjou , daughter of Fulk II of Anjou . She was the sister of Count William II of Provence .
In 1003 , she was married to King Robert, after his divorce from his second wife, Bertha of Burgundy . The marriage was stormy; Bertha's family opposed her, and Constance was despised for importing her Provençal kinfolk. Robert's friend, Hugh of Beauvais, tried to convince the king to repudiate her in 1007 . Constance's response was to have Beauvais murdered by the knights of her kinsman, Fulk Nerra . In 1010 Robert even went to Rome, accompanied by his former wife Bertha, to seek permission to divorce Constance and remarry Bertha. Constance encouraged her sons to revolt against their father, and then favored her younger son, Robert, over her elder son, Henri.
During the famous trial of Herefast de Crepon (who was alleged to be involved with a heretical sect of canons, nuns, and clergy in 1022 [1]), the crowd outside the church in Orleans became so unruly that, according to Moore:
At the king's command, Queen Constance stood before the doors of the Church, to prevent the common people from killing them inside the Church, and they were expelled from the bosom of the Church. As they were being driven out, the queen struck out the eye of Stephen, who had once been her confessor, with the staff which she carried in her hand.
The symbolism, or reality, of putting an eye out is used often in medieval accounts to show the ultimate sin of breaking of one's oath, whether it be heresy, or treason to ones lordship, or in this case both. Stephen's eye was put out by the hand of a Queen wielding a staff (royal scepters were usually tipped with a cross) thus symbolically providing justice for the treasoned lord on earth and in heaven.
Constance and Robert had seven children:
Advisa, Countess of Auxerre, (c.1003-after 1063), married Count Renaud I of Nevers
Hugh Magnus, co-king (1007 -September 17 , 1025 )
Henri (May 4 , 1008 -August 4 , 1060 )
Adela, Countess of Contenance (1009 -June 5 , 1063 ), married (1) Duke Richard III of Normandy (2) Count Baldwin V of Flanders
Robert I, Duke of Burgundy (1011 -March 21 , 1076 )
Eudes (1013 -1056 )
Constance (1014 -unknown), married Manasses de Dammartin
At Constance's urging, her eldest son Hugh Magnus was crowned co-king alongside his father in 1017 . Hugh Magnus demanded his parents share power with him, and rebelled against his father in 1025 . He died suddenly later that year, an exile and a fugitive. Robert and Constance quarrelled over which of their surviving sons should inherit the throne; Robert favored their second son Henri , while Constance favored their third son, Robert . Despite his mother's protests, Henry was crowned in 1027 . Fulbert, bishop of Chartres wrote a letter claiming that he was "frightened away" from the consecration of Henry "by the savagery of his mother, who is quite trustworthy when she promises evil."
Constance encouraged her sons to rebel, and Henri and Robert began attacking and pillaging the towns and castles belonging to their father. Robert attacked Burgundy , the duchy he had been promised but had never received, and Henry seized Dreux . At last King Robert agreed to their demands and peace was made which lasted until the king's death.
King Robert died in 1031 , and soon Constance was at odds with both her elder son, Henri , and her younger son Robert . Constance seized her dower lands and refused to surrender them. Henri fled to Normandy, where he received aid, weapons, and soldiers from his brother Robert. He returned to besiege his mother at Poissy , but Constance escaped to Pontoise . She only surrendered when Henri began the siege of Le Puiset and swore to slaughter all the inhabitants.
Constance died in 1034 , and was buried beside her husband Robert at Saint-Denis Basilica .
Sources
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Born:
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Wife Constance
Born: 1141
Christened:
Died: 1160
Buried:
Father: Alfonso VII of Castile and Leon (1105-1157)
Mother: Berenguela of Barcelona ( -1149)
Children
Husband Ferdinand IV of Castile
Born: 6 Dec 1285
Christened:
Died: 7 Sep 1312 - Jaen, Andalusia, Spain
Buried:
Father: Sancho IV "El Bravo" ( - )
Mother: Maria de Molina ( - )
Marriage: 1302
Wife Constance of Portugal
Born: 3 Jan 1290
Christened:
Died: 18 Nov 1313
Buried:
Father: Dinis King of Portugal and the Algarve (1261-1325)
Mother: St. Elizabeth of Aragon ( - )
Children
1 M Alfonso XI of Castile, King of Castile and Leon
Born: 13 Aug 1311
Christened:
Died: 26-27 Mar 1350
Buried:
Spouse: Maria of Portugal ( - )
Research Notes (Husband)
Research Notes (Wife)
Infanta Constança of Portugal (English : Constance, pron. IPA: [kõ?'t?~s?] ) was a Portuguese infanta , daughter of King Denis of Portugal . She was born on January 3 , 1290 and became Queen consort of Castile when she married Castilian King Ferdinand IV .
From Ferdinand IV she had three children:
Constance of Portugal died November 18 , 1313 .
Husband Edmund Holland 4th Earl of Kent
Born: 6 Jan 1383
Christened:
Died: 15 Sep 1407
Buried:
Marriage: - This couple did not marry
Wife Constance of York
Born: Abt 1374
Christened:
Died: 29 Nov 1416
Buried: - Reading Abbey
Father: Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York (1341-1402)
Mother: Isabella of Castile, Duchess of York (Abt 1355-1392)
Children
1 F Eleanor de Holland
AKA: Alianore de Holand
Born: Abt 1406
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: James Touchet 5th Baron Audley (Abt 1398-1459)
Birth Notes (Husband)
Death Notes (Husband)
Research Notes (Husband)
Research Notes (Wife)
Married 1st husband, Thomas le Despenser (22 Sep 1373-16 Jan 1400) about 7 Nov 1379. He would eventually be beheaded at Bristol.
She was involved in an affair with Edmund Holland and had a daughter by him, Eleanor de Holand.
Her daughter Isabel le Despenser (by first husband) married Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick. They were parents to Henry de Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick, and Anne Beauchamp.;
Husband Crydon Duke of Cornwall
Born:
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Father: Dyfnarth Duke of Cornwall (Abt 0365 B.C.- )
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Wife
Born:
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Children
1 M Cerwyd of Cornwall
Born: Abt 237 B.C.
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Died:
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Research Notes (Husband)
Husband Llywelyn the Great Prince of Gwynedd
AKA: Llewellyn the Great Prince of Gwynedd, Llywelyn Fawr Prince of Gwynedd, Llywelyn I of Wales, Llywelyn ap Iorwerth
Born: Abt 1173 - <Dolwyddelan>, Wales
Christened:
Died: 11 Apr 1240 - Cistercian Abbey of Aberconwy, Wales
Buried: - Llanrwst Parish Church, Wales
Father: Iorwerth Drwyndwn ap Owain Gwynedd Prince of North Wales ( -Abt 1174)
Mother: Marared ferch Madog ap Maredudd ( - )
Marriage: - This couple did not marry
Other Spouse: Joan Princess of Gwynedd (Bef 1200-Bet 1236) - 1205
Other Spouse: Tangwystl Goch ( - )
Other Spouse: Gwenllian verch Ednyfed Vychan ( - )
Wife Crysten
Born:
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Died:
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Children
1 M Tegwared ap Llywelyn
Born:
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Died:
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Research Notes (Husband)
Source: A History of Wales by John Davies, London, 2007, p.80
From Wikipedia - Llywelyn the Great :
Llywelyn the Great (Welsh Llywelyn Fawr...), full name Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, (c. 1173 - April 11 , 1240 ) was a Prince of Gwynedd in North Wales and eventually de facto ruler over most of Wales. He is occasionally called Llywelyn I of Wales.[1] By a combination of war and diplomacy he dominated Wales for forty years, and was one of only two Welsh rulers to be called 'the Great'. Llywelyn's main home and court throughout his reign was at Garth Celyn on the north coast of Gwynedd, between Bangor and Conwy, overlooking the port of Llanfaes. Throughout the thirteenth century, up to the Edwardian conquest, Garth Celyn, Aber Garth Celyn , was in effect the capital of Wales. (Garth Celyn is now known as Pen y Bryn , Bryn Llywelyn, Abergwyngregyn and parts of the medieval buildings still remain).
During Llywelyn's boyhood Gwynedd was ruled by two of his uncles, who had agreed to split the kingdom between them following the death of Llywelyn's grandfather, Owain Gwynedd , in 1170. Llywelyn had a strong claim to be the legitimate ruler and began a campaign to win power at an early age. He was sole ruler of Gwynedd by 1200, and made a treaty with King John of England the same year. Llywelyn's relations with John remained good for the next ten years. He married John's illegitimate daughter Joan , also known as Joanna, in 1205, and when John arrested Gwenwynwyn ab Owain of Powys in 1208 Llywelyn took the opportunity to annex southern Powys. In 1210 relations deteriorated and John invaded Gwynedd in 1211. Llywelyn was forced to seek terms and to give up all his lands east of the River Conwy, but was able to recover these lands the following year in alliance with the other Welsh princes. He allied himself with the barons who forced John to sign Magna Carta in 1215. By 1216 he was the dominant power in Wales, holding a council at Aberdyfi that year to apportion lands to the other princes.
Following King John's death, Llywelyn concluded the Treaty of Worcester with his successor Henry III in 1218. During the next fifteen years Llywelyn was frequently involved in fighting with Marcher lords and sometimes with the king, but also made alliances with several of the major powers in the Marches. The Peace of Middle in 1234 marked the end of Llywelyn's military career as the agreed truce of two years was extended year by year for the remainder of his reign. He maintained his position in Wales until his death in 1240, and was succeeded by his son Dafydd ap Llywelyn .
Genealogy and early life
Llywelyn was born about 1173, the son of Iorwerth ap Owain and the grandson of Owain Gwynedd , who had been ruler of Gwynedd until his death in 1170. Llywelyn was a descendant of the senior line of Rhodri Mawr and therefore a member of the princely house of Aberffraw.[2] He was probably born at Dolwyddelan though he could not have been born in the present Dolwyddelan castle, which was built by Llywelyn himself. He may have been born in the old castle which occupied a rocky knoll on the valley floor.[3] Little is known about his father, Iorwerth Drwyndwn, who may have died when Llywelyn was an infant. There is no record of Iorwerth having taken part in the power struggle between some of Owain Gwynedd's other sons following Owain's death, although he was the eldest surviving son. There is a tradition that he was disabled or disfigured in some way that excluded him from power.[4]
By 1175 Gwynedd had been divided between two of Llywelyn's uncles. Dafydd ab Owain held the area east of the River Conwy and Rhodri ab Owain held the west. Dafydd and Rhodri were the sons of Owain by his second marriage to Cristin ferch Goronwy. This marriage was not considered valid by the church as Cristin was Owain's first cousin, a degree of relationship which according to Canon law prohibited marriage. Giraldus Cambrensis refers to Iorwerth Drwyndwn as the only legitimate son of Owain Gwynedd.[5] Following Iorwerth's death, Llywelyn was, at least in the eyes of the church, the legitimate claimant to the throne of Gwynedd.[6]
Llywelyn's mother was Marared, sometimes anglicized to Margaret, daughter of Madog ap Maredudd , prince of Powys . There is evidence that after Iorwerth's death Marared married into the Corbet family of Caux in Shropshire , and Llywelyn may have spent part of his boyhood there.[7]...
[edit ] Marital problems 1230
Following his capture, William de Braose, 10th Baron Abergavenny decided to ally himself to Llywelyn, and a marriage was arranged between his daughter Isabella and Llywelyn's heir, Dafydd ap Llywelyn. At Easter 1230 William visited Llywelyn's court Garth Celyn , Aber Garth Celyn now known as Pen y Bryn , Abergwyngregyn . During this visit he was found in Llywelyn's chamber together with Llywelyn's wife Joan. On 2 May , De Braose was hanged in the marshland under Garth Celyn , the place now remembered as Gwern y Grog, Hanging Marsh, a deliberately humiliating execution for a nobleman, and Joan was placed under house arrest for a year. The Brut y Tywysogion chronicler commented:
" ... that year William de Breos the Younger, lord of Brycheiniog, was hanged by the lord Llywelyn in Gwynedd, after he had been caught in Llywelyn's chamber with the king of England's daughter, Llywelyn's wife.[42] " A letter from Llywelyn to William's wife, Eva de Braose, written shortly after the execution enquires whether she still wishes the marriage between Dafydd and Isabella to take place.[43] The marriage did go ahead, and the following year Joan was forgiven and restored to her position as princess.
Until 1230 Llywelyn had used the title princeps Norwalliæ 'Prince of North Wales', but from that year he changed his title to 'Prince of Aberffraw and Lord of Snowdon', possibly to underline his supremacy over the other Welsh princes.[44] He did not formally style himself 'Prince of Wales ' although as J.E. Lloyd comments "he had much of the power which such a title might imply".[45]...
Arrangements for the succession
In his later years Llywelyn devoted much effort to ensuring that his only legitimate son Dafydd would follow him as ruler of Gwynedd. Dafydd's older but illegitimate brother, Gruffydd , was excluded from the succession. This was a departure from Welsh custom, not as is often stated because the kingdom was not divided between Dafydd and Gruffydd but because Gruffydd was excluded from consideration as a potential heir owing to his illegitimacy. This was contrary to Welsh law which stipulated that illegitimate sons had equal rights with legitimate sons, provided they had been acknowledged by the father.[50]
Strata Florida Abbey was the site of the council of 1238.
In 1220 Llywelyn induced the minority government of King Henry to acknowledge Dafydd as his heir.[51] In 1222 he petitioned Pope Honorius III to have Dafydd's succession confirmed. The original petition has not been preserved but the Pope's reply refers to the "destestable custom ... in his land whereby the son of the handmaiden was equally heir with the son of the free woman and illegitimate sons obtained an inheritance as if they were legitimate". The Pope welcomed the fact that Llywelyn was abolishing this custom.[52] In 1226 Llywelyn persuaded the Pope to declare his wife Joan, Dafydd's mother, to be a legitimate daughter of King John, again in order to strengthen Dafydd's position, and in 1229 the English crown accepted Dafydd's homage for the lands he would inherit from his father.[53] In 1238 Llywelyn held a council at Strata Florida Abbey where the other Welsh princes swore fealty to Dafydd.[54] Llywelyn's original intention had been that they should do homage to Dafydd, but the king wrote to the other rulers forbidding them to do homage.[55]
Gruffydd was given an appanage in Meirionnydd and Ardudwy but his rule was said to be oppressive, and in 1221 Llywelyn stripped him of these territories.[56] In 1228 Llywelyn imprisoned him, and he was not released until 1234. On his release he was given part of Ll to rule. His performance this time was apparently more satisfactory and by 1238 he had been given the remainder of Ll and a substantial part of Powys.[57]
[edit ] Death and the transfer of power
Joan died in 1237 and Llywelyn appears to have suffered a paralytic stroke the same year.[58] From this time on, his heir Dafydd took an increasing part in the rule of the principality. Dafydd deprived his brother Gruffydd of the lands given him by Llywelyn, and later seized him and his eldest son Owain and held them in Criccieth Castle . In 1240 the chronicler of Brut y Tywysogion records:
" ... the lord Llywelyn ap Iorwerth son of Owain Gwynedd, Prince of Wales, a second Achilles , died having taken on the habit of religion at Aberconwy, and was buried honourably.[59] "
Llywelyn's stone coffin is now in Llanrwst parish church.
Llywelyn died at the Cistercian abbey of Aberconwy , which he had founded, and was buried there. This abbey was later moved to Maenan near Llanrwst , and Llywelyn's stone coffin can now be seen in Llanrwst parish church. Among the poets who lamented his passing was Einion Wan:
"True lord of the land - how strange that today
He rules not o'er Gwynedd;
Lord of nought but the piled up stones of his tomb,
Of the seven-foot grave in which he lies."[60]
Dafydd succeeded Llywelyn as prince of Gwynedd, but King Henry was not prepared to allow him to inherit his father's position in the remainder of Wales. Dafydd was forced to agree to a treaty greatly restricting his power and was also obliged to hand his brother Gruffydd over to the king, who now had the option of using him against Dafydd. Gruffydd was killed attempting to escape from the Tower of London in 1244. This left the field clear for Dafydd, but Dafydd himself died without an heir in 1246 and was eventually succeeded by his nephew, Gruffydd's son, Llywelyn the Last ...
[edit ] Children
The identity of the mother of some of Llywelyn's children is uncertain. He was survived by nine children, two legitimate, one probably legitimate and six illegitimate. Elen ferch Llywelyn (c.1207-1253), his only certainly legitimate daughter, first married John de Scotia, Earl of Chester. This marriage was childless, and after John's death Elen married Sir Robert de Quincy , the brother of Roger de Quincy, Earl of Winchester . Llywelyn's only legitimate son, Dafydd ap Llywelyn (c.1208-1246), married Isabella de Braose, daughter of William de Braose, 10th Baron Abergavenny , Lord of Abergavenny. William was the son of Reginald de Braose , who married another of Llywelyn's daughters. Dafydd and Isabella may have had one child together, Helen of Wales (1246-1295), but the marriage failed to produce a male heir.
Another daughter, Gwladus Ddu (c.1206-1251), was probably legitimate. Adam of Usk states that she was a legitimate daughter by Joan, although some sources claim that her mother was Llywelyn's mistress, Tangwystl Goch.[64] She first married Reginald de Braose of Brecon and Abergavenny, but had no children by him. After Reginald's death she married Ralph de Mortimer of Wigmore and had several sons.
The mother of most of Llywelyn's illegitimate children is known or assumed to have been Llywelyn's mistress, Tangwystl Goch (c.1168-1198). Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (c.1196-1244) was Llywelyn's eldest son and is known to be the son of Tangwystl. He married Senena, daughter of Caradoc ap Thomas of Anglesey . Their four sons included Llywelyn ap Gruffydd , who for a period occupied a position in Wales comparable to that of his grandfather, and Dafydd ap Gruffydd who ruled Gwynedd briefly after his brother's death. Llywelyn had another son, Tegwared ap Llywelyn, by a woman known only as Crysten.
Marared ferch Llywelyn (c.1198-after 1263) married John de Braose of Gower, a nephew of Reginald de Braose, and after his death married Walter Clifford of Bronllys and Clifford. Other illegitimate daughters were Gwenllian ferch Llywelyn, who married William de Lacey, and Angharad ferch Llywelyn, who married Maelgwn Fychan. Susanna ferch Llywelyn was sent to England as a hostage in 1228, but no further details are known...
References
[edit ] Primary sources
[edit ] Secondary sources
Research Notes (Wife)
Husband Cunedda King of Britain
AKA: Cunedagius King of Britain
Born:
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Died: 772 B.C.
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Father: Henwyn Duke of Cambria & Cornwall ( - )
Mother: Rhagaw verch Llyr of Britain ( - )
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1 M Rhiwallon King of Britain
Born:
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Died: 750 B.C.
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Husband
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Wife Cunigunda
Born:
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Father: Pepin Count of Senlis, Peronne, St. Quentin (Bet 0817- )
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Research Notes (Wife)
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Wife Cunigunde
AKA: Cunigunda
Born:
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Died: abt 0835
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Other Spouse: Bernard King of Italy (0797-0818)
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Research Notes (Wife)
Husband Cunobelinus King of Britain
AKA: Cunobelin King of Britain, Cynfelyn
Born:
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Died: 0040
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Father: Tasciovanus King of Britain, King of the Catuvellauni ( -Abt 0009)
Mother: Anna of Arimathea ( - )
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1 M Arviragus Gweirgydd ap Cunobelin King of Siluria
AKA: Aviragus, Caradog, Caratacus, Caratauc map Cinbelin map Teuhant, Gweirydd ap Cynfelyn
Born: abt 0010
Christened:
Died: Abt 0074
Buried:
Spouse: Venissa ( - )
2 M Togodumnus
AKA: Gwydyr ap Cynfelyn
Born:
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Died:
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3 M Amminius
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Research Notes (Husband)
From A History of Wales by John Davies, London, 2007, pp. 25-26:
"By about AD 30, Cunobelinus (the Cynfelyn of Welsh tradition) of the tribe of the Catuvellauni had brough the area from Essex to Surrey under his control. His kingdom, with its coinage, its wheel pottery, its livelyt trade, its prosperous agriculture and its suggestion of the beginnings of literacy, was highly develoed. In an arc around Cunobelinus's kingdom lived the Iceni, the Coritani and the Dubonni, tribes which had not been conquered by the Belgae but which had adopted some of their innovations, in particular coinage and wheel pottery. Beyond them dwelt the tribes of Wales -- the Silures, the Demetae, the Ordovices and Deceangli; although elements of the culture of the Belgae were rare among them, they also felt the effects of the new power in south-eastern Britain, as the strengthened fortifications of their hill-forts bear witness.
"Cunobelinus died about AD 40 and his kingdom was inherited by his sons, Caratacus and Togodumnus."