Husband Rollo , Duke of Normandy 1 2 3 4
AKA: Ganger Rolf "the Viking" 1st Count of Normandy, Rollo Rognvaldsson Duke of Normandy
Born: Betw 860 and 870 - <Maer, Nord-Trondelag, (Norway)>
Christened:
Died: Abt 929 - <Rouen>, Normandy, Neustria (France)
Buried: - Notre Dame, Rouen, Normandy, (France)
Father: Ragnvald Eysteinsson, Earl of Møre (Bef 0867-0890) 5 6 7 8
Mother: Ragnhild Hrolfsdatter (Abt 0857- ) 9 10 11
Marriage: 886
Wife Poppa , de Bayeux 3 12
Born: Abt 872 - <Bayeux>, Neustria (France)
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Bérenger , of Bayeux (Abt 0847-0896) 3 13 14
Mother:
Children
1 F Adele , de Normandie 15
AKA: Adele Gerloc de Normandie, Gerloc de Normandie
Born:
Christened:
Died: Aft 969
Buried:
Spouse: William I , Count of Poitou (0900-0963) 16
Marr: 935
2 M William I "Longsword" , Duke of Normandy 3 17 18
AKA: Guillaume I "Longue Épée" Duke of Normandy, William I "Longsword"
Born: Abt 892 - <Rouen, (France)>
Christened:
Died: 17 Dec 942 - France
Buried:
Spouse: Sprote , de Bretagne (Abt 0911- ) 3 19
Spouse: Luitgarde , of Vermandois (Abt 0920-Aft 0978)
Birth Notes: Husband - Rollo , Duke of Normandy
FamilySearch has b. abt 846, Maer, Nord-Trondelag, Norway
Death Notes: Husband - Rollo , Duke of Normandy
http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f002/f00/a0020075.htm has d. 927 in Rouen, France. Ancestral Roots has d. 929.
FamilySearch has d. abt 931, Rouen, Normandie, Neustria.
Research Notes: Husband - Rollo , Duke of Normandy
Father may have been Ragnvald Eysteinsson.
Source: familysearch.org (Kevin Bradford) has d. 927-932.
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 121E-18. "GANGER ROLF, "the Viking" (or ROLLO), 1st Count of Normandy, banished from Norway to the Hebrides abt 876, 890 participated in Viking attack on Bayeux, where Count Berenger of Bayeux was killed, and his dau. Poppa captured and taken 886, by Rollo (now called Count of Rouen) as his 'Danish' wife. Under Treaty of St. Claire, 911, rec'd the County of Normandy from CHARLES III, (148017) 'the Simple'; d. 929, bur. Notre Dame, Rouen."
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From Wikipedia - Rollo :
Rollo (c. 860 - c. 932), baptised Robert, was the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy .
The name Rollo is a Frankish -Latin name probably taken from the Old Norse name Hrólfr (cf. the latinization of Hrólfr into the similar Roluo in the Gesta Danorum , modern Scandinavian name Rolf ).
Historical evidence
Rollo was a Viking leader of contested origin. Dudo of St. Quentin , in his De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum (Latin), tells of a powerful Danish nobleman at loggerheads with the king of Denmark , who had two sons, Gurim and Rollo; upon his death, Rollo was expelled and Gurim killed. William of Jumièges also mentions Rollo's prehistory in his Gesta Normannorum Ducum , but states that he was from the Danish town of Fakse . Wace , writing some 300 years after the event in his Roman de Rou , also mentions the two brothers (as Rou and Garin), as does the Orkneyinga Saga .
Norwegian and Icelandic historians identified this Rollo with a son of Rognvald Eysteinsson , Earl of Møre , in Western Norway , based on medieval Norwegian and Icelandic sagas that mention a Ganger Hrolf (Hrolf, the Walker). The oldest source of this version is the Latin Historia Norvegiae , written in Norway at the end of the 12th century. This Hrolf fell foul of the Norwegian king Harald Fairhair , and became a Jarl in Normandy. The nickname of that character came from being so big that no horse could carry him.
The question of Rollo's Danish or Norwegian origins was a matter of heated dispute between Norwegian and Danish historians of the 19th and early 20th century, particularly in the run-up to Normandy's 1000-year-anniversary in 1911. Today, historians still disagree on this question, but most would now agree that a certain conclusion can never be reached.
Invasion of France
In 885, Rollo was one of the lesser leaders of the Viking fleet which besieged Paris under Sigfred second official king of the Danes. Legend has it that an emissary was sent by the king to find the chieftain and negotiate terms. When he asked for this information, the Vikings replied that they were all chieftains in their own right. In 886, when Sigfred retreated in return for tribute, Rollo stayed behind and was eventually bought off and sent to harry Burgundy .
Later, he returned to the Seine with his followers (known as Danes, or Norsemen). He invaded the area of northern France now known as Normandy .
In 911 Rollo's forces were defeated at the Battle of Chartres by the troops of King Charles the Simple .[1] In the aftermath of the battle, rather than pay Rollo to leave, as was customary, Charles the Simple understood that he could no longer hold back their onslaught, and decided to give Rollo the coastal lands they occupied under the condition that he defend against other raiding Vikings. In the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911) with King Charles, Rollo pledged feudal allegiance to the king, changed his name to the Frankish version, and converted to Christianity , probably with the baptismal name Robert.[2] In return, King Charles granted Rollo the lower Seine area (today's upper Normandy) and the titular rulership of Normandy, centred around the city of Rouen . There exists some argument among historians as to whether Rollo was a "duke " (dux) or whether his position was equivalent to that of a "count " under Charlemagne . According to legend, when required to kiss the foot of King Charles, as a condition of the treaty, he refused to perform so great a humiliation, and when Charles extended his foot to Rollo, Rollo ordered one of his warriors to do so in his place. His warrior then lifted Charles' foot up to his mouth causing him to fall to the ground.[3]
Settlement
Initially, Rollo stayed true to his word of defending the shores of the Seine river in accordance to the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte , but in time he and his followers had very different ideas. Rollo began to divide the land between the Epte and Risle rivers among his chieftains and settled there with a de facto capital in Rouen. With these settlements, Rollo began to further raid other Frankish lands, now from the security of a settled homeland, rather than a mobile fleet. Eventually, however, Rollo's men intermarried with the local women, and became more settled as Frenchmen. At the time of his death, Rollo's expansion of his territory had extended as far west as the Vire River .
Death
Sometime around 927, Rollo passed the fief in Normandy to his son, William Longsword . Rollo may have lived for a few years after that, but certainly died before 933. According to the historian Adhemar , 'As Rollo's death drew near, he went mad and had a hundred Christian prisoners beheaded in front of him in honour of the gods whom he had worshipped , and in the end distributed a hundred pounds of gold around the churches in honour of the true God in whose name he had accepted baptism.' Even though Rollo had converted to Christianity , some of his pagan roots surfaced at the end.
Legacy
Rollo is a direct ancestor of William the Conqueror . Through William, he is an ancestor of the present-day British royal family .
The "Clameur de Haro " in the Channel Islands is, supposedly, an appeal to Rollo.
Birth Notes: Wife - Poppa , de Bayeux
FamilySearch has b. abt 872, Evreux, Neustria
Research Notes: Wife - Poppa , de Bayeux
"Danish" wife of Rollo (Ganger Rolf).
Source: familysearch.org (Kevin Bradford)
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 121E-18 (Ganger Rolf).
Notes: Marriage
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 121E-18 (Ganger Rolf).
http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f002/f00/a0020076.htm has m. 891.
Birth Notes: Child - William I "Longsword" , Duke of Normandy
May have been born in Bayeux.
Death Notes: Child - William I "Longsword" , Duke of Normandy
Killed in treacherous ambush by servants of Theobald of Blois and Arnulf of Flanders
Husband George Treleaven
Born: 20 Mar 1601 - St. Austell, Cornwall, England
Christened: Mar 1601 - St. Austell, Cornwall, England
Died: Jul 1647 - Cornwall, England
Buried: 31 Jul 1647 - Lanlivery, (Restormel), Cornwall, England
Father: John Treleaven (Abt 1570-1634)
Mother: Joana Hawkey ( -1622)
Marriage:
Wife Prudence
Born:
Christened:
Died: 15 Oct 1685 - Lanlivery, (Restormel), Cornwall, England
Buried:
Children
1 M Thomas Treleaven
Born: Sep 1627 - Cornwall, England
Christened: 16 Sep 1627 - Luxulyan, (Restormel), Cornwall, England
Died: Apr 1693 - Lanlivery, (Restormel), Cornwall, England
Buried: 10 Apr 1693 - Lanlivery, (Restormel), Cornwall, England
Spouse: Martha < > ( -1674)
Research Notes: Husband - George Treleaven
Source: http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=alh001&id=I2644
Research Notes: Wife - Prudence
Source: http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=alh001&id=I2645
Husband Richard Beard, of South River 20
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Rachel 20
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Rachel Beard 20
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Thomas Stimpson ( - ) 20
Husband Radbart , King of Garderige 11
Born: Abt 638 - <Garderige, Russia>
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage: Abt 669 - Denmark
Wife Aud Ivarsdatter 11
Born: Abt 633 - <Am, Denmark>
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Ivar "Vidfame" Halfdansson, King in Sweden (Abt 0612-0647) 11
Mother: Gauthild Alfsdatter (Abt 0614- ) 11
Other Spouse: Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga" Halfdansson (Abt 0629- ) 21 - Abt 654 - Denmark
Children
1 M Randver Radbartsson 11
Born: Abt 670 - <Denmark>
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Husband Wacho , King of the Lombards 22
AKA: Waccho King of the Lombards, Waldchis King of the Lombards
Born:
Christened:
Died: 539
Buried:
Father: Unichus ( - ) 23
Mother:
Marriage:
Other Spouse: Ostrogotha ( - )
Noted events in his life were:
• King of the Lombards, Abt 510-539
Wife Radigunde
AKA: Radegunde
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Bisinus , King of the Thuringii (Abt 0440- ) 23 24
Mother:
Children
Research Notes: Husband - Wacho , King of the Lombards
From Wikipedia - Wacho :
Wacho or Waccho was king of the Lombards before they entered Italy from an unknown date (perhaps circa 510 ) until his death in 539 . His father was Unichus. Wacho usurped the throne by assassinating (or having assassinated) his uncle, King Tato (again, probably around 510). Tato's son Ildichis fought with him and fled to the Gepids where he died.[1] Wacho had good relations with the Franks .
Wacho married three times. First, Radigunde, daughter of Bisinus , King of the Thuringi. Second, Austrigusa a Gepid possibly named after her maternal descent from Ostrogothic rulers, she was the mother of two daughters, Wisigarda married Theudebert I of Austrasia and Waldrada married firstly, Theudebald of Austrasia and secondly, Garibald I of Bavaria. Thirdly he married Silinga, a Heruli-mother of Waltari.
Research Notes: Wife - Radigunde
Source: Wikipedia - Wacho and Bisinus
Husband Cynan ap Iago, Prince of North Wales 25 26 27
Born:
Christened:
Died: 1060
Buried:
Father: Iago ap Idwal, King of Gwynedd ( -1039) 26 28
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife Ragnaillt 29
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Olaf , of Dublin ( -1034)
Mother: Maelcorcre ( - )
Children
1 M Gruffudd ap Cynan, Prince of North Wales (Gwynedd) 26 30
AKA: Griffith, Gruffudd ap Cynan Ruler of Gwynedd, Gryffydd ap Cynan Prince of North Wales (Gwynedd)
Born: 1055 - Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
Christened:
Died: 1137
Buried:
Spouse: Angharat verch Owain ap Edwin, of Tegeingl ( - ) 30
Marr: Abt 1095
Research Notes: Husband - Cynan ap Iago, Prince of North Wales
Cynan was exiled in Dublin.
From Wikipedia - Cynan ab Iago :
Cynan ab Iago (died c. 1060) was a Welsh Prince, the son of Iago ab Idwal , King of Gwynedd and father of Gruffydd ap Cynan who also became king of Gwynedd.
Iago ab Idwal was king of Gwynedd from 1023 to 1039, but in the latter year he was killed by one of his own men and the throne was seized by Gruffydd ap Llywelyn . Cynan was forced to flee to Ireland and took refuge at the Danish settlement of Dublin. He married Ragnaillt daughter of Olaf of Dublin, son of King Sigtrygg Silkbeard and a member of the Hiberno-Norse dynasty. Ragnaillt, who appears in the list of the fair women of Ireland in the Book of Leinster , was also a descendant of Brian Boru .
Cynan may have died fairly soon after the birth of their son Gruffydd ap Cynan, for the near-contemporary biography of Gruffydd details Cynan's ancestry but does not refer to him in its account of Gruffydd's youth; describing Gruffydd's mother telling him who his father was and what patrimony he could claim. Gruffydd ap Llywelyn was killed in 1063, by his own men according to Brut y Tywysogion . The Ulster Chronicle however states that it was Cynan ap Iago who killed him.
As his son Gruffydd was supposedly born c. 1055, the date of death "1039" is doubtful (Gruffydd died 1137).
Cynan's claim to the throne of Gwynedd was passed on to his son. When Gruffydd first appeared on the scene in Wales the Welsh annals several times refer to him as "grandson of Iago" rather than the more usual "son of Cynan", indicating that his father was little known in Wales.
Research Notes: Wife - Ragnaillt
Source:Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 239-4
Husband Ralph , Earl of Norfolk 31
AKA: Ralph "the Staller" Earl of Norfolk
Born: Bef 1011 - Brittany, (France)
Christened:
Died: Aft Feb 1068
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Ralph , Seigneur de Gael 31
Born: Bef 1040 - Gael, Brittany, France
Christened:
Died: Aft 1095
Buried:
Spouse: Emma FitzOsbern (Abt 1059-Aft 1095) 31
Marr: 1075 - Exning, <Suffolk>e, England
Husband Ralph , Count of Ivry 31
Born: Abt 978 - Ivry, France
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Emma , of Ivry 31
Born: Abt 1008 - Ivry, France
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Osbern (Abt 1000- ) 31
Marr: Abt 1029 - France
Husband Ralph , Seigneur de Gael 31
Born: Bef 1040 - Gael, Brittany, France
Christened:
Died: Aft 1095
Buried:
Father: Ralph , Earl of Norfolk (Bef 1011-Aft 1068) 31
Mother:
Marriage: 1075 - Exning, <Suffolk>e, England
Wife Emma FitzOsbern 31
Born: Abt 1059 - <Breteuil>, Normandy, France
Christened:
Died: Aft 1095
Buried:
Father: William FitzOsbern (Abt 1030-1071) 31
Mother: Alice de Toeni (Abt 1035- ) 31
Children
1 M Ralph de Gael, 1st Earl of Norfolk, Suffolk & Cambridge 32 33
AKA: Ralph de Gauder
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Emma ( - ) 34
Husband Ramon Berenguer I , Count of Barcelona 35 36
AKA: Ramon Berenguer I "el Viejo" Count of Barcelona, Raymond Berenger I "le Vieux" Count of Barcelona, Raimund I Berenger Count of Barcelona
Born: 1023 - <Barcelona, Aragon>, Spain
Christened:
Died: 26 May 1076 - Barcelona, Barcelona, Aragón, Spain
Buried:
Father: Raimund Berenger, I, Count of Barcelona (1005-1035) 35
Mother: Sancha Sanchez, de Castile (Abt 1006-1026) 35
Marriage: 1056
Wife Almodis de la Marche, Countess of Limoges 35 37 38
AKA: Almode de la Marche, Almodis de la Haute Marche, Almodis of La Marche
Born: Abt 1000 - Toulouse, France
Christened:
Died: 16 Nov 1071
Buried: - Cathedral of Barcelona, Spain
Father: Bernard I , Count of La Marche and Péregord (Abt 0970-Abt 1047) 35 39 40
Mother: Amélie , Countess of Aubnay (Abt 0974-Abt 1072) 35 41
Other Spouse: Hugh V "the Pious" de Lusignan, Sire de Lusignan ( -1060) 40 42 43 - Abt 1038 (Divorced in 1040)
Other Spouse: Pons , Count of Toulouse, Albi and Dijon (Betw 0990/1020-1060) 44 45 - 1045
Children
1 M Ramon Berenguer II , Count of Barcelona 35 46
AKA: Raimund Berenger II "the Towhead" Count of Barcelona
Born: 1054 - <Barcelona, Aragon>, Spain
Christened:
Died: 5 Dec 1082
Buried:
Spouse: Mathilda , of Apulia (Abt 1059-1083) 35
Marr: 1078
2 M Berenguer Ramon II , Count of Barcelona 47
AKA: Berenger Raymond II "the Fratricide" Count of Barcelona
Born: 1054 - <Barcelona, Aragon>, Spain
Christened:
Died: 1097
Buried:
Research Notes: Husband - Ramon Berenguer I , Count of Barcelona
From Wikipedia - Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona : Murdered
Second wife of Pons of Toulouse. Third wife of Ramon Berenguer I. Murdered by his twin brother, Berenguer Ramon II.
1. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 121E-18, 144A-19 (William I of Poitou).
2. Website - Genealogy, http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f002/f00/a0020075.htm.
3. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 30 Jul 2009.
4. Wikipedia.org, Rollo. Cit. Date: 5 Sep 2009.
5. Website - Genealogy, http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f002/f00/a0020082.htm.
6. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 121E-17.
7. Wikipedia.org, Oppland.
8. Wikipedia.org, Rognvald Eysteinsson. Cit. Date: 5 Sep 2009.
9. Website - Genealogy, http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f002/f00/a0020083.htm.
10. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 121E-17 (Ragnvald I).
11. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 24 Jul 2009.
12. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 121E-18 (Ganger Rolf).
13. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 121E-18 (Ganger Rolf). Cit. Date: 30 Jul 2009.
14. Wikipedia.org, Berengar II of Neustria. Cit. Date: 5 Sep 2009.
15. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 144A-19 (William I of Poitou).
16. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 144A-19.
17. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 121E-19. Cit. Date: 30 Jul 2009.
18. Wikipedia.org, William I, Duke of Normandy.
19. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 121E-19.
20. Warfield, J. D, The Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties, Maryland. (Baltimore: Kohn & Pollock, 1905), p. 59.
21. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 25 Jul 2009.
22. Wikipedia.org, Wacho; Theudebald.
23. Wikipedia.org, Wacho.
24. http://www.familysearch.org, Compact Disc #94 Pin #99024 (submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer).
25. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 239-4 (Ragnaillt).
26. Davies, John, A History of Wales. (Rev. ed. New York: Penguin Group, 2007.), p. 80.
27. Wikipedia.org, Cynan ab Iago.
28. Wikipedia.org, Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig.
29. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 239-4.
30. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 239-5.
31. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 18 Jul 2009.
32. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 53-25 (Sir Robert de Beaumont).
33. Browning, Charles Henry, The Magna Charta Barons and their American Descendants (Philadelphia, 1898.), p. 121.
34. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 53-25 (Robert de Beaumont).
35. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 8 Aug 2009.
36. Wikipedia.org, Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona.
37. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 275-21 (Hugh V de Lusignan).
38. Wikipedia.org, Almodis de la Marche. Cit. Date: 13 Sep 2009.
39. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Lines 185A-4, 275-21 (Hugh V de Lusignan).
40. Wikipedia.org, County of La Marche. Cit. Date: 13 Sep 2009.
41. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 185A-4 (Bernard I).
42. Wikipedia.org, Hugh V of Lusignan.
43. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 275-21.
44. Wikipedia.org, Pons, Count of Toulouse. Cit. Date: 13 Sep 2009.
45. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 185A-5 (Almode), 185-2 (Emma of Mortain).
46. Wikipedia.org, Ramon Berenguer II, Count of Barcelona. Cit. Date: 13 Sep 2009.
47. Wikipedia.org, Berenguer Ramon II, Count of Barcelona. Cit. Date: 13 Sep 2009.
Ramon Berenguer I the Old (née in French : Ramond Berenger LeVieux, in Catalan : el Vell) was Count of Barcelona in 1035-1076. He promulgated the earliest versions of a written code of Catalan law, the Usages of Barcelona .
Born in 1024, he succeeded his father, Berenguer Ramon the Crooked in 1035. It is during his reign that the dominant position of Barcelona among other Catalan counties became evident.
Ramon Berenguer campaigned against the Moors , extending his dominions as far west as Barbastro and imposing heavy tributes (parias ) on other Moorish cities. Historians claim that those tributes helped create the first wave of prosperity in Catalan history. During his reign Catalan maritime power started to be felt in Western Mediterranean. Ramon Berenguer the Old was also the first count of Catalonia to acquire lands (counties of Carcassonne and Razés ) and influence north of the Pyrenees.
Another major achievement of his was beginning of codification of Catalan law in the written Usatges or Usatici of Barcelona which was to become the first full compilation of feudal law in Western Europe. Legal codification was part of the count's efforts to forward and somehow control the process of feudalization which started during the reign of his weak father, Berenger Ramon. Another major contributor was the Church acting through the institution of the Peace and Truce of God . This established a general truce among warring factions and lords in a given region for a given time. The earliest extant date for introducing the Truce of God in Western Europe is 1027 in Catalonia, during the reign of Ramon Berenguer the Old.
Ramon Berenguer I together with his third wife Almodis also founded the Romanesque cathedral of Barcelona, to replace the older basilica presumably destroyed by Almanzor. Their velvet and brass bound wooden coffins are still shown in the Gothic cathedral which replaced Ramon Berenguer's building.
He was succeeded by his twin sons Ramon Berenguer II and Berenguer Ramon II . It has been speculated that the obscure wife of Henry of Burgundy , the grandmother of Alfonso Henriques , first king of Portugal , was his sister.
Ramon Berenguers's marriages and descendants
Death Notes: Wife - Almodis de la Marche, Countess of Limoges
Research Notes: Wife - Almodis de la Marche, Countess of Limoges
From Wikipedia - Almodis de la Marche :
Almodis de la Marche (990 or c. 1020 - 16 October 1071 ) was the daughter of Bernard I, Count of Marche and wife Amélie. She married Hugh V of Lusignan around 1038 and they had two sons and one daughter:
Almodis and Hugh of Lusignan divorced due to consanguinity , and Hugh arranged for her to marry Count Pons of Toulouse in 1040. Together they produced several children, including:
She was still Pons' wife in April 1053, but shortly thereafter Almodis was abducted by Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona . He kidnapped her from Narbonne with the aid of a fleet sent north by his ally, the Muslim emir of Tortosa . They married immediately (despite the fact both of her previous husbands were still alive) and they appear with their twin sons in a charter the next year. Pope Victor II excommunicated Almodis and Ramon for this illegal marriage until 1056. Together they produced four children:
Almodis maintained contact with her former husbands and many children, and in 1066/1067 she traveled to Toulouse for her daughter's wedding. A few years before, in 1060, Hugh V of Lusignan had revolted against his lord, Duke William VIII of Aquitaine , in support of Almodis' son William IV of Toulouse . Her sons supported one another in military campaigns; Hugh VI of Lusignan , Raymond IV of Toulouse , and Berenguer Ramon all took the Cross.
Her third husband Ramon had a son from a previous marriage, Pedro Ramon, who was his heir. Pedro apparently resented Almodis' influence and was concerned she was trying to replace him with her own two sons. He murdered her in October 1071. Pedro was disinherited and exiled for his crime, and fled the country. When his father died in 1076, Barcelona was split between Berenguer Ramon and Ramon Berenguer, Almodis' sons. The family history of murder did not end with Pedro Ramon, as Berenguer Ramon earned his nickname "The Fratricide " when he killed his own twin brother.
Death Notes: Child - Ramon Berenguer II , Count of Barcelona
Sources