Husband Æthelwulf , King of Wessex and King of Kent 1 2
AKA: Aethelwulf King of Wessex, Ethelwulf King of Wessex
Born: Betw 795 and 800
Christened:
Died: 13 Jan 858
Buried:
Father: Egbert , King of Wessex (Abt 0775-Betw 0837/0839)
Mother: Rædburga (Abt 0777- ) 3
Marriage: 1 Oct 856 - Verberie-sur-Oise, (Oise), France
Other Spouse: Osburga (Abt 0805-Aft 0876) 4 5 6 - Bef 844
Noted events in his life were:
• King of Wessex, 839-855
Wife Judith , Princess of France 7 8 9
AKA: Judith of Flanders
Born: Oct 844 - France
Christened:
Died: Aft 870
Buried:
Father: Charles II "the Bald" , of France and Holy Roman Emperor (0823-0877) 10 11
Mother: Ermentrude , of Orléans (0830-0869) 12 13 14
Other Spouse: Æthelbald , King of Wessex ( -0860) 15 - Aft 13 Jan 858
Other Spouse: Baldwin I , Count of Flanders (Abt 0836-0879) 16 17 18 19 - Jan 862 - <Flanders (Belgium)>
Children
Research Notes: Husband - Æthelwulf , King of Wessex and King of Kent
From Wikipedia - Æthelwulf of Wessex :
Æthelwulf, also spelled Aethelwulf or Ethelwulf; Old English : Æþelwulf, means 'Noble Wolf' (c. 795 - 858 ) was the elder son of King Egbert of Wessex . He conquered Kent on behalf of his father in 825. Thereafter he was styled King of Kent [1] until he succeeded his father as King of Wessex in 839 , whereupon he became King of Wessex, Kent, Cornwall, the West Saxons and the East Saxons. [2] He was crowned at Kingston upon Thames .
In 839 , Æthelwulf succeeded his father Egbert as King. Egbert had been a grizzled veteran who had fought for survival since his youth. Æthelwulf had a worrying style of Kingship. He had come naturally to the throne of Wessex. He proved to be intensly religious, cursed with little political sense, and too many able and ambitious sons. [Humble, Richard. The Saxon Kings. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1980. 41.] One of the first acts Æthelwulf did as King, was to split the kingdom. He gave the eastern half, that of Kent, Essex, Surrey and Sussex to his eldest son Athelstan (not to be confused with the later Athelstan the Glorious). Æthelwulf kept the ancient, western side of Wessex (Hampshire, Wiltshire, Dorset and Devon) for himself. Æthelwulf and his first wife, Osburga , had five sons and a daughter. After Athelstan came Ethelbald , Ethelbert , Ethelred , and Alfred . Each of his sons succeeded to the throne. Alfred, the youngest son, has been praised as one of the greatest kings to ever reign in Britain. Æthelwulf's only daughter, Aethelswith , was married as a child to the king of Mercia .
... In 853 Æthelwulf, sent his son Alfred, a child of about four years, to Rome. In 855 , about a year after his wife Osburh's death, Æthelwulf followed Alfred to Rome . In Rome, he was generous with his wealth. He distributed gold to the clergy of St. Peter's, and offered the Blessed Peter chalices of the purest gold and silver-gilt candelabra of Saxon work. [Hodgkin, RH. A History of the Anglo-Saxons. London: Oxford UP, 1935. 512.] During the return journey in 856 he married Judith a Frankish princess and a great-granddaughter of Charlemagne. She was about twelve years old, the daughter of Charles the Bald , King of the West Franks .
Upon their return to England in 856 Æthelwulf met with an acute crisis. His eldest son Ethelbald (Athelstan had since died) had devised a conspiracy with the Ealdorman of Somerset and the Bishop of Sherborne to oppose Æthelwulf's resumption of the kingship once he returned. There was enough support of Æthelwulf to either have a civil war, or to banish Ethelbald and his fellow conspirators. Instead Æthelwulf yielded Wessex proper to his son, and accepted Surrey, Sussex and Essex for himself. he ruled there until his death on January 13 , 858 . The family quarrel, had it been allowed to continue, could have ruined the House of Egbert. Æthelwulf and his advisors deserved the adoration bestowed upon them for their restraint and tolerance.
... He was buried first at Steyning and then later transferred to the Old Minster in Winchester . His bones now reside in one of several mortuary chests in Winchester Cathedral .
Research Notes: Wife - Judith , Princess of France
Baldwin I was her third husband.
From Wikipedia - Judith of Flanders :
Judith of Flanders (844 - 870 ) was a daughter of the Frankish king Charles the Bald . Through her marriage to two kings of Wessex she was first a queen, then later through her third marriage to Baldwin, she became Countess of Flanders .
Judith was born in October of 844, the daughter of Charles the Bald , King of the Franks , and Ermentrude .
Her father gave her in marriage to Ethelwulf , King of Wessex on October 1 , 856 at Verberie sur Oise , France. Soon after, Ethelwulf's son Ethelbald forced his father to abdicate. Following Ethelwulf's death on January 13 , 858 , Ethelbald married his widowed stepmother. However, the marriage was annulled in 860 on the grounds of consanguinity .
Elopement
Judith eloped with Baldwin in January 862 . They were likely married at the monastery of Senlis before they eloped. The couple was in hiding from Judith's father, King Charles the Bald, until October after which they went to her uncle Lothair II for protection. From there they fled to Pope Nicholas I . The pope took diplomatic action and asked Judith's father to accept the union as legally binding and welcome the young couple into his circle - which ultimately he did. The couple then returned to France and were officially married at Auxerre .
Baldwin was accepted as son-in-law and was given the land directly south of the Scheldt to ward off Viking attacks. Although it is disputed among historians as to whether King Charles did this in the hope that Baldwin would be killed in the ensuing battles with the Vikings, Baldwin managed the situation remarkably well. Baldwin succeeded in quelling the Viking threat, expanded both his army and his territory quickly, and became one of the most faithful supporters of King Charles. The March of Baldwin came to be known as the County of Flanders and was for a long time the most powerful principality of France.
Succession
Judith and Baldwin had a son, Baldwin II , Count of Flanders, born in 864 . Judith died in 870.
Notes: Marriage
Source: http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593871945
Husband Afonso I , King of Portugal 20 21
AKA: Affonso I "the Conqueror" King of Portugal and the Algarves, Afonso Henriques King of Portugal, Alfonso I King of Portugal, Henriquez I King of Portugal
Born: 25 Jul 1109 - Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
Christened:
Died: 6 Dec 1185 - Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Buried: - Santa Cruz Monastery, Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Father: Henry , of Burgundy, Count of Portugal (1069-1112) 22 23 24
Mother: Theresa , of Leon and Castile (Abt 1070-1130) 24
Marriage: Bef Jun 1146 - Chambéry, Savoie, France
Wife Maud , of Savoy 25 26 27
AKA: Mafalda of Savoy, Mahaut of Savoy, Mathilda of Savoy, Matilde Countess of Savoy
Born: 1125 - <Chambéry, Savoie>, France
Christened:
Died: 4 Nov 1158 - Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Buried: - Igreja Santa Cruz, Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Father: Amadeus III , Count of Savoy, Maurienne and Turin (Abt 1095-1148) 28
Mother: Mathilde , Comtesse d'Albon (Abt 1116-Aft 1145) 24 29
Children
1 M Sancho I , King of Portugal
Born: 11 Nov 1154 - Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Christened:
Died: 26 Mar 1212 - Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Buried:
Spouse: Dulce Berenguer, of Barcelona (1152-1198)
Marr: 1174
2 F Urraca , of Portugal 27 30 31
AKA: Urraca Affonsez of Portugal
Born: Abt 1150 - <Coimbra, Coimbra>, Portugal
Christened:
Died: 16 Oct 1188 - Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
Buried:
Spouse: Fernando II , King of Léon (1137-1188) 27 32 33
Marr: Abt Jun 1165 - Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. (Annulled in Jun 1175)
Research Notes: Husband - Afonso I , King of Portugal
First king of Portugal.
From Wikipedia - Afonso I of Portugal :
Afonso I (English Alphonzo or Alphonse), more commonly known as Afonso Henriques (pronounced [?'fõsu ?'?ik??] ), or also Affonso (Archaic Portuguese), Alfonso or Alphonso (Portuguese-Galician ) or Alphonsus (Latin version), (Viseu , 1109 , traditionally July 25 - Coimbra , 1185 December 6 ), also known as the Conqueror (Port. o Conquistador), was the first King of Portugal , declaring his independence from León .
Life
Afonso I was the son of Henry of Burgundy, Count of Portugal and Teresa of León , the illegitimate daughter of King Alfonso VI of Castile and León . He was proclaimed King on July 26 , 1139 , immediately after the Battle of Ourique , and died on December 6 , 1185 in Coimbra .
At the end of the 11th century , the Iberian Peninsula political agenda was mostly concerned with the Reconquista , the driving out of the Muslim successor-states to the Caliphate of Cordoba after its collapse. With European military aristocracies focused on the Crusades , Alfonso VI called for the help of the French nobility to deal with the Moors . In exchange, he was to give the hands of his daughters in wedlock to the leaders of the expedition and bestow royal privileges to the others. Thus, the royal heiress Urraca of Castile wedded Raymond of Burgundy , younger son of the Count of Burgundy , and her half-sister, princess Teresa of León , wedded his cousin, another French crusader, Henry of Burgundy , younger brother of the Duke of Burgundy . Henry was made Count of Portugal, a burdensome county south of Galicia , where Moorish incursions and attacks were to be expected. With his wife Teresa as co-ruler of Portugal, Henry withstood the ordeal and held the lands for his father-in-law.
From this wedlock several sons were born, but only one, Afonso Henriques (meaning "Afonso son of Henry") thrived. The boy, probably born around 1109, followed his father as Count of Portugal in 1112 , under the tutelage of his mother. The relations between Teresa and her son Afonso proved difficult. Only eleven years old, Afonso already had his own political ideas, greatly different from his mother's. In 1120 , the young prince took the side of the archbishop of Braga , a political foe of Teresa, and both were exiled by her orders. Afonso spent the next years away from his own county , under the watch of the bishop. In 1122 Afonso became fourteen, the adult age in the 12th century . He made himself a knight on his own account in the Cathedral of Zamora , raised an army , and proceeded to take control of his lands. Near Guimarães , at the Battle of São Mamede (1128 ) he overcame the troops under his mother's lover and ally Count Fernando Peres de Trava of Galicia , making her his prisoner and exiling her forever to a monastery in León . Thus the possibility of incorporating Portugal into a Kingdom of Galicia was eliminated and Afonso become sole ruler (Duke of Portugal) after demands for independence from the county's people, church and nobles. He also vanquished Alfonso VII of Castile and León , another of his mother's allies, and thus freed the county from political dependence on the crown of León and Castile . On April 6 , 1129 , Afonso Henriques dictated the writ in which he proclaimed himself Prince of Portugal.
...In 1169 , Afonso was disabled in an engagement near Badajoz by a fall from his horse , and made prisoner by the soldiers of the king of León. Portugal was obliged to surrender as his ransom almost all the conquests Afonso had made in Galicia in the previous years.
In 1179 the privileges and favours given to the Roman Catholic Church were compensated. In the papal bull Manifestis Probatum , Pope Alexander III acknowledged Afonso as King and Portugal as an independent land with the right to conquer lands from the Moors. With this papal blessing, Portugal was at last secured as a country and safe from any Castilian attempts at annexation.
In 1184 , in spite of his great age, he still had sufficient energy to relieve his son Sancho, who was besieged in Santarém by the Moors. He died shortly after, on December 6 , 1185 .
The Portuguese revere him as a hero, both on account of his personal character and as the founder of their nation . There are stories that it would take 10 men to carry his sword, and that Afonso would want to engage other monarchs in personal combat, but no one would dare accept his challenge.
Death Notes: Wife - Maud , of Savoy
Ancestral Roots has d. 1157
Research Notes: Wife - Maud , of Savoy
From Wikipedia - Maud of Savoy : From Wikipedia - Afonso II of Portugal : Wikipedia - Afonso II of Portugal
From Wikipedia - Afonso III of Portugal : From Wikipedia - Beatrice of Castile (1242-1303) : King of Portugal and the Algarve from 1325 until his death. From Wikipedia - Beatrice of Castile (1293-1359) : Buried in the Chapel of the Kings.
to be killed there. Instead, he was sent from there to Kiev , ending up in Hungary . From Wikipedia - Edward the Exile : Her origins are disputed. Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 45-26 (Frederick III, Barbarossa)
From Wikipedia - Agilulf : From Wikipedia - Theodelinda : FamilySearch has b. abt 820 in France.
FamilySearch has d. 25 Aug 866 in Anjou, France, the same as his burial date.
Source: familysearch.org (Kevin Bradford) First wife of Robert the Strong.
From Wikipedia - Frederick I, Duke of Swabia : From Wikipedia - Agnes of Germany : Ancestral Roots has m. 1086/7 (engaged 24 Mar 1079). 1. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 1-13.
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10. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 148-15, 162-16 (Judith).
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28. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 274B-25.
29. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 274B-25 (Amadeus III).
30. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 112-26, 114-26 (Fernando II).
31. Wikipedia.org, Urraca of Portugal. Cit. Date: 15 Sep 2009.
32. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 114-26.
33. Wikipedia.org, Ferdinand II of León. Cit. Date: 15 Sep 2009.
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36. Wikipedia.org, Beatrice of Castile (1242–1303).
37. Website:, http://wiki.whitneygen.org/wrg/index.php/.
38. Wikipedia.org, éÆÉêèíáâçéøöêÆèÎñçÉéâöäøÎÆîçÉéôâóöüíñÉëáéóâêçÆûàèéôíóáÆûæüöôèéîâ. Cit. Date: 15 Sep 2009.
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42. Wikipedia.org, Peter I of Portugal.
43. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 1-20.
44. Wikipedia.org, Edward the Exile.
45. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 1-19.
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48. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 1-19 (Edmund II).
49. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 241-6, , 1-20 (Edward the Exile), 158-23 (Eustace III).
50. Wikipedia.org, Agatha, wife of Edward the Exile.
51. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 1-20 (Edward "the Atheling").
52. Wikipedia.org, Ingegerd Olofsdotter of Sweden; Anne of Kiev.
53. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 1-21, 158-23 (Eustace III).
54. Wikipedia.org, Saint Margaret of Scotland. Cit. Date: 5 Oct 2009.
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56. http://www.familysearch.org, (Kevin Bradford).
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58. http://www.familysearch.org, Compact Disc #94 Pin #105714.
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63. Wikipedia.org, Garibald I of Bavaria.
64. Wikipedia.org, Waldrada; Theudebald.
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71. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 23 Jul 2009.
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85. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 45-25, 166-25 (Judith of Bavaria).
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Maud of Savoy (1125 -1158 ), also known as Mafalda, Mahaut or Matilda (in Portuguese always as Mafalda),was the first queen of Portugal. She was Queen consort of Portugal through her marriage to King Afonso I of Portugal (of the House of Burgundy ; first king of Portugal ) in 1146 .
She was the second or third daughter of Amadeus III of Savoy , Count of Savoy and Maurienne , and Mahaut of Albon (the sister of Guigues IV, Comte d'Albon , "le Dauphin").
Afonso's and Maud descendants
Husband Afonso II , King of Portugal
Born: 23 Apr 1185 - Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Christened:
Died: 25 Mar 1223 - Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Buried: - Santa Cruz Monastery, Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Father: Sancho I , King of Portugal (1154-1212)
Mother: Dulce Berenguer, of Barcelona (1152-1198)
Marriage: 1208
Wife Urracca , of Castile
Born: 1186
Christened:
Died: 1220
Buried:
Children
1 M Afonso III , King of Portugal and the Algarve
AKA: Alphonzo King of Portugal and the Algarve
Born: 5 May 1210 - Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Christened:
Died: 16 Feb 1279 - Alcobaça, Portugal
Buried:
Spouse: Beatrice , of Castile (1242-1303) 34
Marr: 1253
2 M Sancho II , King of Portugal
Born: 8 Sep 1207
Christened:
Died: 4 Jan 1248
Buried:
Research Notes: Husband - Afonso II , King of Portugal
Afonso II (Portuguese pronounced [?'fõsu] ; English Alphonzo), or Affonso (Archaic Portuguese), Alfonso or Alphonso (Portuguese-Galician ) or Alphonsus (Latin version), nicknamed "the Fat" (Portuguese o Gordo), third king of Portugal , was born in Coimbra on April 23 , 1185 and died on March 25 , 1223 in the same city. He was the second but eldest surviving son of Sancho I of Portugal by his wife, Dulce Berenguer of Barcelona , Infanta of Aragon . Afonso succeeded his father in 1212.
Marriage and descendants
Afonso married Infanta Urraca of Castile , daughter of Alfonso VIII , King of Castile , and Leonora of Aquitaine , in 1208.
Research Notes: Wife - Urracca , of Castile
Husband Afonso III , King of Portugal and the Algarve
AKA: Alphonzo King of Portugal and the Algarve
Born: 5 May 1210 - Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Christened:
Died: 16 Feb 1279 - Alcobaça, Portugal
Buried:
Father: Afonso II , King of Portugal (1185-1223)
Mother: Urracca , of Castile (1186-1220)
Marriage: 1253
Wife Beatrice , of Castile 34
AKA: Beatriz de Castilla
Born: 1242
Christened:
Died: 1303
Buried:
Father: Alfonso X "El Sabio" , King of Galicia, Castile and León (1221-1284) 35
Mother: Mayor Guillén de Guzmán ( - ) 36
Children
1 M Dinis , King of Portugal and the Algarve
AKA: Denis King of Portugal and the Algarve, Diniz King of Portugal and the Algarve
Born: 9 Oct 1261 - Lisbon, Portugal
Christened:
Died: 7 Jan 1325 - Santarém, Portugal
Buried:
Spouse: St. Elizabeth , of Aragon ( - )
Research Notes: Husband - Afonso III , King of Portugal and the Algarve
Afonso III (pronounced [?'fõsu] in Portuguese ; rare English alternatives: Alphonzo or Alphonse), or Affonso (Archaic Portuguese), Alfonso or Alphonso (Portuguese-Galician ) or Alphonsus (Latin ), the Bolognian (Port. o Bolonhês) or the Brave (Port. o Bravo), the fifth King of Portugal (May 5 , 1210 in Coimbra - February 16 , 1279 in Alcobaça , Coimbra or Lisbon ) and the first to use the title King of Portugal and the Algarve , since 1249 . He was the second son of King Afonso II of Portugal and his wife, Urraca, princess of Castile ; he succeeded his brother, King Sancho II of Portugal on 4 January 1248 .
As the second son of King Afonso II of Portugal , Afonso was not expected to inherit the throne, which was destined to go to his elder brother Sancho. He lived mostly in France , where he married Matilda, the heiress of Boulogne , in 1238 , thereby becoming Count of Boulogne . In 1246 , conflicts between his brother, the king, and the church became unbearable. Pope Innocent IV then ordered Sancho II to be removed from the throne and be replaced by the Count of Boulogne. Afonso, of course, did not refuse the papal order and marched to Portugal. Since Sancho was not a popular king, the order was not hard to enforce; he was exiled to Castile and Afonso III became king in 1248 after his brother's death. To ascend the throne, he abdicated from the county of Boulogne and later (1253 ) divorced Matilda.
Determined not to commit the same mistakes as his brother, Afonso III paid special attention to what the middle class, composed of merchants and small land owners, had to say. In 1254 , in the city of Leiria , he held the first session of the Cortes , a general assembly comprising the nobility, the middle class and representatives of all municipalities . He also made laws intended to restrain the upper classes from abusing the least favoured part of the population. Remembered as a notable administrator, Afonso III founded several towns, granted the title of city to many others and reorganized public administration.
Secure on the throne, Afonso III then proceeded to make war with the Muslim communities that still thrived in the south. In his reign the Algarve became part of the kingdom, following the capture of Faro -Portugal thus becoming the first Iberian kingdom to complete its Reconquista .
Following his success against the Moors, Afonso III had to deal with a political situation arising from the borders with Castile. The neighbouring kingdom considered that the newly acquired lands of the Algarve should be Castilian, not Portuguese, which led to a series of wars between the two kingdoms. Finally, in 1267 , a treaty was signed in Badajoz , determining that the southern border between Castile and Portugal should be the River Guadiana , as it is today.
Afonso's first wife was Matilda II of Boulogne , daughter of Renaud, Count of Dammartin , and Ida of Boulogne . She had two sons (Roberto and an unnamed one), but both died young. He divorced Matilda in 1253 and, in the same year, married Beatrix of Castile , illegitimate daughter of Alfonso X , King of Castile , and Maria de Guzman .
Research Notes: Wife - Beatrice , of Castile
Beatrice Alfonso of Castile-León (1242-1303) was the second Queen consort of Afonso III of Portugal . She was an illegitimate daughter of Alfonso X of Castile and his mistress Mayor Guillén de Guzmán.
She was married to Afonso III in 1253. Earlier that year he had divorced his first wife, Matilda II of Boulogne , because she was unable to provide him with an heir and was considered infertile. The bride was about eleven years old and the groom was 32 years old. They had the following children:
Husband Afonso IV "the Brave" , King of Portugal and the Algarve 37
AKA: Alphonso IV of Portugal
Born: 8 Feb 1291 - Lisbon, Portugal
Christened:
Died: 28 May 1357
Buried:
Father: Dinis , King of Portugal and the Algarve (1261-1325)
Mother: St. Elizabeth , of Aragon ( - )
Marriage: 12 Sep 1309
Wife Beatrice , of Castile 38
Born: 8 Mar 1293 - <Castile>, (Spain)
Christened:
Died: 25 Oct 1359
Buried:
Father: Sancho IV "El Bravo" , of Castile (1258-1295) 39
Mother: María , de Molina (Abt 1265-1321) 40
Noted events in her life were:
• Infanta of Castile-Léon
Children
1 F Maria , of Portugal 37 41
Born: 9 Feb 1313
Christened:
Died: 18 Jan 1357 - Évora
Buried: - Seville Cathedral, Seville, Spain
Spouse: Alfonso XI , of Castile, King of Castile and Leon (1311-1350/1350)
2 M Peter I , King of Portugal and the Algarve 42
AKA: Pedro I King of Portugal and the Algarve, Peter "the Just" King of Portugal and the Algarve
Born: 19 Apr 1320 - <Lisbon, Portugal>
Christened:
Died: 18 Jan 1367 - <Lisbon, Portugal>
Buried: - Alcobaça Monastery, Alcobaça, Portugal
Spouse: Teresa Lourenço (Abt 1330- ) 42
Research Notes: Husband - Afonso IV "the Brave" , King of Portugal and the Algarve
From Wikipedia - Afonso IV of Portugal :
Afonso IV[1] (pronounced [?'fõsu] ; 8 February 1291 - 28 May 1357 ), called the Brave (Portuguese : o Bravo), was the seventh king of Portugal and the Algarve from 1325 until his death. He was the only legitimate son of Dinis of Portugal by his wife Elizabeth of Aragon .
Afonso, born in Lisbon , was the rightful heir to the Portuguese throne. However, he was not, according to several sources, Dinis' favourite son; his half-brother, the illegitimate Afonso Sanches , enjoyed full royal favour. From early in life, the notorious rivalry led to several outbreaks of civil war . On January 7 , 1325 , Afonso's father died and he became king, taking full revenge on his brother. His rival was sentenced to exile in Castile , and stripped of all the lands and fiefdoms donated by their common father. Afonso Sanches, however, did not sit still. From Castile, he orchestrated a series of attempts to usurp the crown for himself. After a few failed attempts at invasion, both brothers signed a peace treaty, arranged by the Afonso's mother Queen Elizabeth.
In 1309 , Afonso IV married Infanta Beatrice of Castile , daughter of King Sancho IV of Castile by his wife Maria de Molina . The first-born of this union, Infanta Maria of Portugal , married King Alfonso XI of Castile in 1328 , at the same time that Afonso IV's heir, Peter I of Portugal , was promised to another Castilian infanta, Constance of Penafiel . These arrangements were imperiled by the ill will of Alfonso XI of Castile, who was, at the time, publicly mistreating his wife. Afonso IV was not happy to see his daughter abused, and started a war against Castile. Peace arrived four years later, with the intervention of Infanta Maria herself. A peace treaty was signed in Seville in 1339 and, in the next year, Portuguese troops played an important role in the victory of the Battle of Rio Salado over the Marinid Moors in October 1340 .
The last part of Afonso IV's reign is marked not by open warfare against Castile, but by political intrigue. Civil war between King Pedro of Castile and his half-brother Henry of Trastamara led to the exile of many Castilian nobles to Portugal . These immigrants immediately created a faction among the Portuguese court, aiming at privileges and power that, somehow, could compensate what they lost at home. The faction grew in power, especially after Inês de Castro , daughter of an important nobleman and maid of the Crown Princess Constance , became the lover of her lady's husband: Peter , the heir of Portugal. Afonso IV was displeased with his son's choice of lovers, and hoped that the relationship would be a futile one. Unfortunately for internal politics, it was not. Peter was openly in love with Ines, recognized all the children she bore, and, worst of all, favoured the Castilians that surrounded her. Moreover, after his wife's death in 1349 , Peter refused the idea of marrying anyone other than Ines herself.
The situation became worse as the years passed and the aging Afonso lost control over his court. Peter's only male heir, future king Fernando of Portugal , was a sickly child, while the illegitimate children sired with Ines thrived. Worried about his legitimate grandson's life, and the growing power of Castile within Portugal's borders, Afonso ordered the murder of Inês de Castro in 1355 . He expected his son to give in, but the heir was not able to forgive him for the act. Enraged at the barbaric act, Peter put himself at the head of an army and devastated the country between the Douro and the Minho rivers before he was reconciled to his father in early 1357 . Afonso died almost immediately after, in Lisbon in May.
As king, Afonso IV is remembered as a soldier and a valiant general, hence the nickname the Brave. But perhaps his most important contribution was the importance he gave to the Portuguese navy . Afonso IV granted public funding to raise a proper commercial fleet and ordered the first maritime explorations. The Canary Islands (today a part of Spain ) were discovered during his reign.
Research Notes: Wife - Beatrice , of Castile
Beatrice of Castile (8 March 1293 - 25 October 1359) was Queen of Portugal by marriage and Infanta of Castile -León by birth. She was the wife of King Afonso IV of Portugal , and the youngest daughter of King Sancho IV of Castile and his Queen, María de Molina .
On 12 September 1309, Beatrice was married to the later Afonso IV of Portugal who was the only son of Denis of Portugal and Elizabeth of Aragon . They had the following children:
Princess Maria 1313 1357 Married to Alfonso XI of Castile
Prince Afonso 12 January 1315 12 January 1315
Prince Denis 12 January 1317 15 May 1318
Peter I 8 April 1320 18 January 1367 Succeeded him as 8th King of Portugal
Princess Isabel 21 December 1324 11 July 1326
Prince John 23 September 1326 21 June 1327
Princess Leonor 1328 1348 Married to Peter IV , King of Aragon
Burial Notes: Child - Maria , of Portugal
Husband Edward "the Exile" , Saxon Prince of England 43 44
AKA: Edward "the Atheling" Saxon Prince of England
Born: 1016 - England
Christened:
Died: Feb 1057 - England
Buried:
Father: Edmund II "Ironside" , King of England (Abt 0989-1016) 45 46
Mother: Ealdgyth ( - ) 47 48
Marriage: Abt 1040
Noted events in his life were:
• Exiled to Sweden, 1016
Wife Agatha 49 50
AKA: Agafiia
Born: Abt 1020
Christened:
Died: Aft 1070
Buried:
Father: Yaroslav I , of Kiev (Abt 0978-1054)
Mother: Ingegerd Olofsdotter, of Sweden (Abt 1001-1050) 51 52
Children
1 F Saint Margaret , of Scotland 53 54
AKA: Margaret of Scotland
Born: 1045 - Castle Réka, Mecseknádasd, Southern Transdanubia, Hungary
Christened:
Died: 16 Nov 1093 - St Margaret's Chapel in Edinburgh Castle, Midlothian, Scotland
Buried: - Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland
Spouse: Malcolm III Canmore, King of Scots (Abt 1031-1093) 55 56
Marr: 1068 or 1069 - Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland
Research Notes: Husband - Edward "the Exile" , Saxon Prince of England
Edward the Exile (1016 - February 1057), also called Edward Ætheling, son of King Edmund Ironside and of Ealdgyth , gained the name of "Exile" from his life spent mostly far from the England of his forefathers. After the Danish conquest of England in 1016 Canute had him and his brother, Edmund, exiled to the Continent. Edward was only a few months old when he was brought to the court of Olof Skötkonung , (who was either Canute's half-brother or stepbrother), with instructions to have the child murdered. Instead, Edmund was secretly sent to Kiev , where Olof's daughter Ingigerd was the Queen, and then made his way to Hungary , probably in the retinue of Ingigerd's son-in-law, King András .
On hearing the news of his being alive, Edward the Confessor recalled him to England and made him his heir . Edward offered the last chance of an undisputed succession within the Saxon royal house . News of Edward's existence came at time when the old Anglo-Saxon Monarchy, restored after a long period of Danish domination, was heading for catastrophe. The Confessor, personally devout but politically weak, was unable to make an effective stand against the steady advance of the powerful and ambitious sons of Earl Godwin . From across the Channel William, Duke of Normandy also had an eye on the succession. Edward the Exile appeared at just the right time. Approved by both king and by the Witan , the Council of the Realm, he offered a way out of the impasse, a counter both to the Godwins and to William, and one with a legitimacy that could not be readily challenged.
Edward, who had been in the custody of Henry III , the Holy Roman Emperor, finally came back to England at the end of August 1057. But he died within two days of his arrival. The exact cause of Edward's death remains unclear, but he had many powerful enemies, and there is a strong possibility that he was murdered, although by whom it is not known with any certainty. It is known, though, that his access to the king was blocked soon after his arrival in England for some unexplained reason, at a time when the Godwins, in the person of Harold Godwinson , were once again in the ascendant. This turn of events left the throne of England to be disputed by Earl Harold and Duke William, ultimately leading to the Norman Conquest of England .
Edward's wife was a woman named Agatha , whose origins are disputed. Their children were Edgar Ætheling , Saint Margaret of Scotland and Cristina . Edgar was nominated as heir apparent, but was too young to count for much, and was eventually swept aside by Harold Godwinson.
Research Notes: Wife - Agatha
From Wikipedia - Agatha, wife of Edward the Exile :
Agatha was the wife of Edward the Exile (heir to the throne of England ) and mother of Edgar Ætheling , Saint Margaret of Scotland and Cristina of England . Her antecedents are unclear, and subject to much speculation.
Life
Nothing is known of her early life, and what speculation has appeared is inextricably linked to the contentious issue of Agatha's paternity, one of the unresolved questions of medieval genealogy . She came to England with her husband and children in 1057, but she was widowed shortly after her arrival. Following the Norman conquest of England , in 1067 she fled with her children to Scotland , finding refuge under her future son-in-law Malcolm III . While one modern source indicates that she spent her last years as a nun at Newcastle-upon-Tyne , dying before circa 1093 [1] , Simeon of Durham [1] carries what appears to be the last reference to her in 1070. [2]
Origin
Medieval sources
Agatha's origin is alluded to in numerous surviving medieval sources, but the information they provide is sometimes imprecise, often contradictory, and occasionally outright impossible. The earliest surviving source, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle , along with Florence of Worcester 's Chronicon ex chronicis and Regalis prosapia Anglorum, Simeon of Durham and Ailred of Rievaulx describe Agatha as a kinswoman of "Emperor Henry" (thaes ceseres maga, filia germani imperatoris Henrici). In an earlier entry, the same Ailred of Rievaulx had called her daughter of emperor Henry, as do later sources of dubious credibility such as the Chronicle of Melrose Abbey , while Matthew of Paris calls her the emperor's sister (soror Henrici imperatoris Romani). Geoffrey Gaimar in Lestoire des Engles states that she was daughter of the Hungarian king and queen (Li reis sa fille), although he places the marriage at a time when Edward is thought still to have been in Kiev , while Orderic Vitalis in Historiae Ecclesiasticae is more specific, naming her father as king Solomon (filiam Salomonis Regis Hunorum), actually a contemporary of Agatha's children. William of Malmesbury in De Gestis Regis Anglorum states that Agatha's sister was a Queen of Hungary (reginae sororem) and is echoed in this by Alberic of Trois-Fontaines , while less precisely, Ailred says of Margaret that she was derived from English and Hungarian royal blood (de semine regio Anglorum et Hungariorum extitit oriunda). Finally, Roger of Howden and the anonymous Leges Edwardi Confessoris indicate that while Edward was a guest of Kievan "king Malesclodus" he married a woman of noble birth (nobili progenio), Leges adding that the mother of St. Margaret was of Rus royal blood (ex genere et sanguine regum Rugorum).[3]
German and Hungarian theories
While various sources repeat the claims that Agatha was daughter or sister of either Emperor Henry, it seems unlikely that such a sibling or daughter would have been ignored by the German chroniclers.[4]
The description of Agatha as a blood relative of "Emperor Henry" may be applicable to a niece of either Henry II or Henry III , Holy Roman Emperors (although Florence, in Regalis prosapia Anglorum specifies Henry III). Early attempts at reconstructing the relationship focused on the former. Georgio Pray 1764, Annales Regum Hungariae), O.F. Suhm (1777, Geschichte Dänmarks, Norwegen und Holsteins) and Istvan Katona (1779, Historia Critica Regum Hungariae) each suggested that Agatha was daughter of Henry II's brother Bruno of Augsburg (an ecclesiastic described as beatae memoriae, with no known issue), while Daniel Cornides (1778, Regum Hungariae) tried to harmonise the German and Hungarian claims, making Agatha daughter of Henry II's sister Giselle of Bavaria , wife of Stephen I of Hungary .[5] This solution remained popular among scholars through a good part of twentieth century.[6]
As tempting as it may be to thus view St. Margaret as a granddaughter of another famous saint, Stephen of Hungary, this popular solution fails to explain why Stephen's death triggered a dynastic crisis in Hungary. If St. Stephen and Giselle were indeed Agatha's parents, her offspring might have succeeded to the Hungarian crown and the dynastic strife that followed Stephen's death could have been averted. Actually, there is no indication in Hungarian sources that any of Stephen's children outlived him. Likewise, all of the solutions involving Henry II would seem to make Agatha much older than her husband, and prohibitively old at the time of the birth of her son, Edgar.
Based on a more strict translation of the Latin description used by Florence and others as well as the supposition that Henry III was the Emperor designated in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, genealogist Szabolcs de Vajay popularised another idea first suggested in 1939. In that year, Joszef Herzog published an analysis suggesting that Agatha was daughter of one of the half-brothers of Henry III, born to his mother Gisela of Swabia by one of her earlier marriages to Ernest I of Swabia and Bruno of Brunswick , probably the former based on more favourable chronology.[7] De Vajay reevaluated the chronology of the marriages and children of Gisela and concluded that Agatha was the daughter of Henry III's elder (uterine) half-brother, Liudolf, Margrave of Frisia .[8] This theory saw broad acceptance for thirty years [9] until René Jetté resurrected a Kievan solution to the problem,[10] since which time opinion has been divided among several competing possibilities.[11]
Kievan theory
Jetté pointed out that William of Malmesbury in De Gestis Regis Anglorum and several later chronicles unambiguously state that Agatha's sister was a Queen of Hungary. From what we know about the biography of Edward the Exile , he loyally supported Andrew I of Hungary , following him from Kiev to Hungary in 1046 and staying at his court for many years. Andrew's wife and queen was Anastasia, a daughter of Yaroslav the Wise of Kiev by Ingigerd of Sweden . Following Jetté's logic, Edward's wife was another daughter of Yaroslav.
This theory accords with the seemingly incongruous statements of Geoffrey Gaimar and Roger of Howden that, while living in Kiev, Edward took a nativeborn wife "of noble parentage" or that his father-in-law was a "Rus king".[12]
Jetté's theory seems to be supported by an onomastic argument.[13] Among the medieval royalty, Agatha's rare Greek name is first recorded in the Macedonian dynasty of Byzantium ; it was also one of the most frequent feminine names in the Kievan Rurikid dynasty.[14] After Anna of Byzantium married Yaroslav's father, he took the Christian name of the reigning emperor, Basil II , while some members of his family were named after other members of the imperial dynasty. Agatha could have been one of these.[15]
The names of Agatha's immediate descendants-Margaret, Cristina, David , Alexander -were likewise extraordinary for Anglo-Saxon Britain. They may provide a clue to Agatha's origin. The names Margaret and Cristina are today associated with Sweden, the native country of Yaroslav's wife Ingigerd.[16] The name of Margaret's son, David, obviously echoes that of Solomon , the son and heir of Andrew I.[17] Furthermore, the first saint of the Rus (canonized ca. 1073) was Yaroslav's brother Gleb , whose Christian name was David.
The name of Margaret's other son, Alexander, may point to a variety of traditions, both occidental and oriental: the biography of Alexander the Great was one of the most popular books in eleventh-century Kiev.
One inference from the Kievan theory is that Edgar Atheling and St. Margaret were, through their mother, first cousins of Philip I of France . The connection is too notable to be omitted from contemporary sources, yet we have no indication that medieval chroniclers were aware of it. The argumentum ex silentio leads critics of the Kievan theory to search for alternative explanations.
Bulgarian theory
In response to the recent flurry of activity on the subject, Ian Mladjov reevaluated the question and presented a completely novel solution.[18] He dismissed each of the prior theories in turn as insufficiently grounded and incompatible given the historical record, and further suggested that many of the proposed solutions would have resulted in later marriages that fell within the prohibited degrees of kinship. He argued that the documentary testimony of Agatha's origins is tainted or late, and concurred with Humphreys' evaluation that the names of the children and grandchildren of Agatha, so central to prior reevaluations, may have had non-family origins (for example, Pope Alexander II played a critical role in the marriage of Malcolm and Margaret). However, he then focused in on the name of Agatha as being critical to determining her origin. He concluded that of the few contemporary Agathas, only one could possibly have been an ancestor of the wife of Edward the Exile, Agatha,[19] wife of Samuel of Bulgaria . Some of the other names associated with Agatha and used to corroborate theories based in onomastics are also readily available within the Bulgarian ruling family at the time, including Mary and several Davids. Mladjov inferred that Agatha was daughter of Gavril Radomir , Tsar of Bulgaria , Agatha's son, by his first wife, a Hungarian princess thought to have been the daughter of Duke Géza of Hungary . This hypothesis has Agatha born in Hungary after her parents divorced, her mother being pregnant when she left Bulgaria, and naming her daughter after the mother of the prince who had expelled her. Traditional dates of this divorce would seem to preclude the suggested relationship, but the article re-examined some long-standing assumptions about the chronology of Gavril Radomir's marriage to the Hungarian princess, and concludes that its dating to the late 980s is unsupportable, and its dissolution belongs in c. 1009-1014. The argument is based almost exclusively on the onomastic precedent but is said to vindicate the intimate connection between Agatha and Hungary attested in the Medieval sources. Mladjov speculates further that the medieval testimony could largely be harmonized were one to posit that Agatha's mother was the same Hungarian princess who married Samuel Aba of Hungary , his family fleeing to Kiev after his downfall, thereby allowing a Russian marriage for Agatha.
This solution fails to conform with any of the relationships appearing in the primary record. It is inferred that the relative familiarity with Germany and unfamiliarity with Hungary partly distorted the depiction of Agatha in the English sources; her actual position would have been that of a daughter of the (unnamed) sister of the King of Hungary (Stephen I), himself the brother-in-law of the Holy Roman Emperor (Henry II, and therefore kinsman of Henry III).
Other theories
In 2002, in an article meant to refute the Kievan hypothesis, John Carmi Parsons suggested yet another possible origin. He made Agatha daughter of a documented count Cristinus (explaining the name Christina for Agatha's daughter) by Oda of Haldensleben, hypothesized to be maternal granddaughter of Vladimir I of Kiev by a German wife, kinswoman to Emperor Henry III. He also floated the possibility that Edward may have married twice, suggesting that the contradictory primary record may in part reflect the confusion between two distinct wives.[20] Recently, one additional theory has appeared. John P. Ravilious has proposed that she was daughter of Mieszko II Lambert of Poland by his German wife, making her kinswoman of both Emperors Henry, as well as sister of a Hungarian queen, the wife of Béla I .[21]
Husband Renaud III , Count of Burgundy
Born:
Christened:
Died: 1148
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Agatha 57
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Simon I , Duke of Upper Lorraine ( -1138)
Mother:
Children
1 F Beatrix , of Burgundy
Born:
Christened:
Died: 15 Nov 1184 or 1185
Buried:
Spouse: Frederick I , Holy Roman Emperor (1122-1190)
Marr: 1156
Research Notes: Husband - Renaud III , Count of Burgundy
Husband Agilulf , King of the Lombards 58 59
AKA: Agilulf 'the Thuringian' King of the Lombards
Born: Abt 547 - <Italy>
Christened:
Died: 616
Buried:
Father: Ansvald , of Turin ( - ) 59
Mother:
Marriage: 591
Noted events in his life were:
• Acceded, as King of the Lombards, 590
Wife Theudelinde , of Bavaria, Queen of the Lombards 60 61
AKA: Theodelinda
Born: 546 - Metz, Moselle, France
Christened:
Died: 625
Buried:
Father: Garibald I , Duke of Bavaria (Abt 0540-Abt 0591) 62 63
Mother: Waldrada , of Lombardy ( - ) 64
Children
1 M Chrodoald of the Lombards 65 66 67
AKA: Adaloald
Born: Abt 575 - Bavaria (Germany)
Christened:
Died: 624
Buried:
Spouse: Chlodosindis (Abt 0577-Aft 0587) 68 69
2 F Gundiberga 59
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Research Notes: Husband - Agilulf , King of the Lombards
Agilulf, called the Thuringian, was the duke of Turin and king of the Lombards (590 - 616 ) in Italy , the cousin of his predecessor Authari and husband of his widow. Son of the Duke Ansvald of Turin, he was raised on the shield by the warriors in Milan in May 591 , on the advice, sought by the Lombard council, of the Catholic queen Theodelinda , whom he soon married himself.
He was baptised to appease his wife and his nation followed suit, though they adopted the Arian denomination, not the Roman faith. In 603 , under the influence of his wife, he abandoned Arianism for Catholicism, and had his son Adaloald baptised. He and his wife built and endowed the Basilica of Monza , where the Iron Crown of Lombardy is still preserved and where Agilulf's crown, dedicated to St John , exists, bearing the incription rex totius Italiae, meaning "king of all Italy", as Agilulf evidently saw himself.
His long reign was marked by the cessation of war with Francia , whose chief peacemaker Guntram , king of Burgundy , had died in 592 . Without him, the Franks descended into civil war which prevented a united assault on Lombardy throughout Agilulf's rule. A truce with the Papacy negotiated in 598 temporarily ended thirty years of Lombard terror in the Ducatus Romanus and he spent most of his warmaking energies on the Byzantine threat. In that year, he consolidated Lombard power, extending the dominion of his kingdom by taking Sutri and Perugia among other Umbrian cities from the exarchate of Ravenna , while maintaining good relations with the Bavarians . He fought the Avars and Slavs , and entered a truce with the Byzantine emperor Maurice in 598 with the aid of Pope Gregory the Great . The next year, Exarch Callinicus broke the truce by kidnapping the travelling daughter of the Lombard king. War erupted and, in 602 , the Byzantine emperor Phocas lost Padua , which Authari had cut off from Ravenna a decade prior. The loss of Padua in turn cut off Mantua and, before the year was out, that city too fell to Agilulf.
In 607 , Witteric , king of the Visigoths , initiated a quadruple alliance against Theuderic II of Burgundy involving Theudebert II of Austrasia , Clotaire II of Neustria , and Agilulf. Theuderic's grandmother and sister had murdered Theuderic's wife, the daughter of Witteric. The alliance does not seem to have had success. Nothing of any actual combat is known except that it took place, probably around Narbonne .
In 605 , he was recognized by the emperor Phocas, who paid a tribute and ceded Orvieto among other towns. The Persian Wars drew Byzantine attention to the Orient and gave respite to Agilulf's final decade on the throne. He had to put down some insurrections and the Avars did not decist from invading Friuli , where they slew its duke, Gisulf, in 610 . Otherwise, his reign ended peacefully and he died in 616 , after reigning for more than a quarter of a century. He was succeeded by Adaloald, his son by Theodelinda, who was still an adolescent , though he had been associated with the throne. He had a daughter Gundiberga who married Arioald who later became king.
Research Notes: Wife - Theudelinde , of Bavaria, Queen of the Lombards
Theodelinda, queen of the Lombards , (c. 570 - 628 ) was the daughter of duke Garibald I of Bavaria .
She was married first in 588 to Authari , king of the Lombards, son of king Cleph . Authari died in 590 . Theodelinda was allowed to pick Agilulf as her next husband and Authari's successor in 591 . She thereafter exerted much influence in restoring Nicene Christianity (the mainstream, in 1054 split by the East-West Schism in Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy ) to a position of primacy in Italy against its rival, Arian Christianity .
After the conversion of Authari to the Catholic faith, she started building churches in Lombardy and Tuscany , among them the cathedral of Monza and the first Baptistery of Florence. They were all dedicated to Saint John the Baptist .
The famous treasure of Monza contains the Iron Crown of Lombardy and the theca persica, enclosing a text from the Gospel of John , sent by Pope Gregory I (590-604) to her for her son Adaloald . Another of the gifts of this pope to the Lombard queen was a cruciform encolpion (reliquary) containing a portion of the True Cross .
Husband Rutpert IV , Count of Wormgau, Paris, Anjou & Blois 70 71
AKA: Robert "Fortis" Duke of France, Robert "the Strong" Count of Paris
Born: Abt 817 - Germany
Christened:
Died: 15 Sep 866 - <Anjou, France>
Buried: - St. Martin de Châteauneuf, France
Father: Rutpert III , Count of Wormgau (Abt 0776-0834) 71 72 73 74
Mother: Wiltrud , of Orléans (Abt 0782- )
Marriage:
Other Spouse: Adelaide , of Tours and Alsace (Abt 0819-Aft 0866) 75 76 77 - Abt 864
Wife Agnes 70
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
Birth Notes: Husband - Rutpert IV , Count of Wormgau, Paris, Anjou & Blois
Death Notes: Husband - Rutpert IV , Count of Wormgau, Paris, Anjou & Blois
Research Notes: Husband - Rutpert IV , Count of Wormgau, Paris, Anjou & Blois
and
http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593872394
Research Notes: Wife - Agnes
Husband Frederick I von Büren , of Hohenstaufen, Duke of Alsace and Swabia
Born: 1050
Christened:
Died: 21 Jul 1105
Buried:
Father: Frederick , of Büren ( - ) 78
Mother: Hildegarde ( - ) 78
Marriage: 1089
Wife Agnes , of Germany 79
Born: 1072
Christened:
Died: 24 Sep 1143
Buried:
Father: Henry IV , Holy Roman Emperor (1050-1106) 80 81
Mother: Bertha , of Savoy (1051-1087) 82 83
Other Spouse: Leopold III , Margrave of Austria (1073-1136) 84 - abt or aft 1105
Children
1 M Frederick II , of Hohenstaufen, Duke of Swabia 85 86
AKA: Frederick II Duke of Swabia
Born: 1090
Christened:
Died: 6 Apr 1147
Buried:
Spouse: Judith , of Bavaria (1100-1130)
Marr: 1121
2 M Conrad III , King of Germany 87
Born: 1093
Christened:
Died: 15 Feb 1152
Buried:
Research Notes: Husband - Frederick I von Büren , of Hohenstaufen, Duke of Alsace and Swabia
Frederick I von Büren (1050 -July 21 , 1105 ) was Duke of Swabia from 1079 to his death. He was the first ruler of Swabia of the House of Hohenstaufen . He was the son of Friedrich von Büren and Hildegard.
In 1089, Frederick married Agnes of Germany , daughter of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor . They had several sons and daughters, amongst whom were:
See also
Source
Research Notes: Wife - Agnes , of Germany
Agnes of Germany (1072 - September 24 , 1143 ), was the daughter of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Bertha of Savoy . Her maternal grandparents were Otto, Count of Savoy, Aosta and Moriana and Adelaide, Marchioness of Turin and Susa.
Agnes married firstly, in 1089, Frederick I, Duke of Swabia . They had several children, amongst whom were Frederick II of Swabia (1090 - 1147) (the father of Frederick Barbarossa ) and Conrad III of Germany (1093 - 1152).
Following Frederick's death in 1105, Agnes married Leopold III (born 1073; died 15 Nov. 1136) and later Margrave of Austria (born 1095; died 1136). Leopold was the son of Margrave Leopold II and Ida of Formbach-Ratelnberg . According to legend, a veil lost by Agnes and found by Leopold years later while hunting instigated him to found the monastery of Klosterneuburg .
Their children were:
According to the Continuation of the Chronicles of Klosterneuburg, there may have been up to seven others (possibly from multiple births) stillborn or died in infancy.
Notes: Marriage
Wikipedia has m. 1089
Sources